CN111842410A - Waste power battery monomer full-component recovery system - Google Patents
Waste power battery monomer full-component recovery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111842410A CN111842410A CN202010591335.0A CN202010591335A CN111842410A CN 111842410 A CN111842410 A CN 111842410A CN 202010591335 A CN202010591335 A CN 202010591335A CN 111842410 A CN111842410 A CN 111842410A
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011070 membrane recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011027 product recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
- B01D50/10—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00, B01D46/00 and B01D47/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system, which comprises: the battery comprises a monomer discharge system, a crushing system, an electrolyte recovery system, a diaphragm recovery system, a cracking system, a tail gas purification system and a sorting system, and can be used for carrying out full-component recovery on electrolyte, diaphragm paper, battery powder and metal materials in the battery. The waste power battery is subjected to the processes of overdischarge, crushing, electrolyte recovery, diaphragm paper recovery, cracking, sorting and the like to obtain a final product, and all the processes of the whole system are connected end to end, so that continuous production can be realized, material turnover is reduced, and labor and energy consumption costs are obviously reduced; the whole components of the battery can be recycled; the battery is broken after being discharged, and the process is safe and reliable. After the diaphragm and the electrolyte in the broken material of the battery are removed, the broken material of the battery is treated by adopting a cracking process, so that the cracking reaction is simpler, the problem of material adhesion caused by diaphragm melting is effectively avoided, and the anode powder and the cathode powder of the battery are more thoroughly separated from the current collector.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium battery recovery systems, in particular to a waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system.
Background
The average energy density of the battery pack of the pure electric passenger car product in the Chinese market is remarkably improved every year since 2017, and reaches the high level of 144.07Wh/kg as a whole by 2019. In addition, the course report of the power battery full life cycle asset operation management of hundreds of people of Chinese electric vehicles shows that after 2018, the power battery of the new energy vehicle in China enters a large-scale scrapping period, the scrapping amount in 2023 is expected to reach 48.09 ten thousand tons, and a large amount of waste power lithium batteries are generated at that time.
The waste power battery monomer consists of a shell, electrolyte, a diaphragm, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and is a basic unit for forming a battery module. The prior art processes waste power battery monomers, namely, firstly discharges battery monomer brine, then crushes the discharged battery monomer brine into crushed materials, then processes electrolyte and a diaphragm by adopting a low-temperature burning method, and crushes and sorts the heat-treated materials to obtain products. The above treatment mode has long discharge time, the electrolyte and the diaphragm can not be recovered, and the recovery rate and the purity of the battery powder and the metal materials are low.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the above-mentioned problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention provides a waste power battery monomer full-component recovery system which can recover the battery full components.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises:
the single discharge system comprises a feeding machine, a discharge cabinet and a first belt conveyor;
the crushing system comprises a coarse crusher, a first fine crusher and a second belt conveyor which are sequentially connected, wherein the coarse crusher is connected with the first belt conveyor;
the electrolyte recovery system comprises a belt furnace, a third belt conveyor, a refrigerator, a condenser and a liquid storage tank, wherein the belt furnace is connected with the crushing system, the belt furnace comprises a gas outlet connected with the condenser and a solid outlet connected with the third belt conveyor, and the condenser and the liquid storage tank are respectively connected with the condenser;
the diaphragm recovery system comprises an airflow separation screen, a diaphragm containing box, a fourth belt conveyor, a third induced draft fan and a second cloth bag dust collector, wherein the feeding end and the discharging end of the airflow separation screen are respectively connected with the third belt conveyor and the fourth belt conveyor, and a diaphragm outlet of the airflow separation screen is sequentially connected with the diaphragm containing box, the third induced draft fan and the second cloth bag dust collector;
The cracking system is connected with the fourth belt conveyor and comprises a cracking furnace and a hot blast stove, the cracking furnace comprises a rotary kiln and a hot blast jacket, an air inlet of the hot blast jacket is connected with the hot blast jacket, the hot blast stove comprises a combustion fan, an energy burner and a hot blast box, and the energy burner comprises a natural gas burner and a cracked gas burner;
the tail gas purification system comprises a pyrolysis gas purification system connected with the rotary kiln and a hot air tail gas purification system connected with an air outlet of the hot air jacket, the pyrolysis gas purification system comprises a cyclone dust collector, a heat exchanger, a third cloth bag dust collector and a fourth induced draft fan which are sequentially connected, the fourth induced draft fan is connected with the pyrolysis gas burner, the hot air tail gas purification system comprises a spray tower, a second gas-liquid separator, a fourth cloth bag dust collector and a fifth induced draft fan which are sequentially connected, and the tail end of the fifth induced draft fan is communicated with the atmosphere;
the sorting system comprises a first spiral conveyor, a first screening machine, a second spiral conveyor, a second fine crusher, a third spiral conveyor, a second screening machine, a fifth belt conveyor and an eddy current sorting machine which are sequentially connected, wherein the first spiral conveyor is connected with a discharge port of the rotary kiln.
The system for recovering all components of the waste power battery monomer according to the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: through electrolyte recovery system, diaphragm recovery system, schizolysis system and sorting system, handle waste power battery monomer, can carry out full component recovery to electrolyte, diaphragm paper, battery powder and metal material in the battery. The waste power battery is subjected to the processes of overdischarge, crushing, electrolyte recovery, diaphragm paper recovery, cracking, sorting and the like to obtain a final product, and all the processes of the whole system are connected end to end, so that continuous production can be realized, material turnover is reduced, and labor and energy consumption costs are obviously reduced. The whole components of the battery can be recycled. The battery is broken after being discharged, and the process is safe and reliable. After the diaphragm and the electrolyte in the broken battery material are removed, the broken battery material is treated by adopting a cracking process, so that the cracking reaction is simpler, the problem of material adhesion caused by diaphragm melting is effectively avoided, and the separation of the anode powder and the cathode powder of the battery and a current collector is more thorough.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the single discharge system further comprises a feeding platform and a cooling fan, and the cooling fan is installed beside the discharge cabinet.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the coarse crusher is a twin-shaft shredder and the first fine crusher hammer crusher.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the crushing system further comprises a first induced draft fan and a first bag house; the first bag dust collector is respectively connected with the rough crusher, the first fine crusher and the belt furnace through an air suction hood; and the first induced draft fan is connected with the first cloth bag dust collector.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the furnace atmosphere of the belt furnace is an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, and the feed end and the discharge end of the belt furnace are both provided with a first double gate valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte recovery system further comprises a first gas-liquid separator and a second induced draft fan; the first gas-liquid separator is connected between the condenser and the second induced draft fan, and the bottom end of the first gas-liquid separator is connected with the liquid storage tank; and the second induced draft fan is connected with the hot air box.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the membrane storage bin is provided with two bins; and the air inlet end of the third induced draft fan is connected with the diaphragm containing box and the second fine crusher.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the kiln atmosphere of the rotary kiln is an oxygen-free atmosphere, and the feed end and the discharge end of the rotary kiln are provided with second double-gate valves.
According to some embodiments of the invention, an oxygen content detector, a pressure monitor, a temperature monitor and an emergency pressure relief device are arranged in the rotary kiln.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first screen machine is in the form of a linear screen, the second screen machine is in the form of a circular vibrating screen and the second fine breaker is a hammer breaker.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cell discharge system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the crushing system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electrolyte recovery system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a membrane recovery system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a lysis system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an exhaust gas purification system of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of a sorting system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: a cell discharge system 100; a feeder 110; a discharge cabinet 120; a first belt conveyor 130; a crushing system 200; a coarse crusher 210; a first fine breaker 220; a second belt conveyor 230; an electrolyte recovery system 300; a belt furnace 310; a third belt conveyor 320; a freezer 330; a condenser 340; a liquid storage tank 350; a gas outlet 341; a solids outlet 342; a membrane recovery system 400; an airflow screen 410; a diaphragm housing 420; a fourth belt conveyor 430; a third induced draft fan 440; a second bag house 450; a septum outlet 411; a lysis system 500; a cracking furnace 510; a hot blast stove 520; a rotary kiln 511; a hot air jacket 512; a combustion fan 530; an energy source burner 540; a hot air box 550; a natural gas burner 560; a cracked gas burner 570; an exhaust gas purification system 600; a cracked gas purification system 610; a hot air tail gas purification system 620; a cyclone dust collector 611; a heat exchanger 612; a third bag collector 613; a fourth induced draft fan 614; a spray tower 621; a second gas-liquid separator 622; a fourth bag collector 623; a fifth induced draft fan 624; a sorting system 700; a first screw conveyor 710; a first screener 720; a second screw conveyor 730; a second fine crusher 740; a third screw conveyor 750; a second screening machine 760; a fifth belt conveyor 770; an eddy current sorter 780; a loading platform 140; a heat radiation fan 150; a first induced draft fan 240; a first bag dust collector 250; an air suction hood 260; a first double gate valve 311; a first gas-liquid separator 360; a second induced draft fan 370; a second dual gate valve 580.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a system for recovering all components of waste power battery monomers comprises: the system comprises a monomer discharge system 100, a crushing system 200, an electrolyte recovery system 300, a membrane recovery system 400, a cracking system 500, a tail gas purification system 600 and a sorting system 700.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the cell discharging system 100 includes a feeding machine 110, a discharging cabinet 120 and a first belt conveyor 130, the waste power battery is fed through the feeding machine 110 and enters the discharging cabinet 120, the discharging cabinet 120 is used to discharge cells of the waste power battery, and compared with salt water discharging, the discharging cabinet 120 is a physical discharging mode, no waste gas and waste water is generated, and the discharged waste gas and waste water is conveyed to a subsequent process through the first belt conveyor 130.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the crushing system 200 comprises a coarse crusher 210, a first fine crusher 220 and a second belt conveyor 230 which are connected in sequence, wherein the coarse crusher 210 is connected with the first belt conveyor 130, the waste power batteries are crushed for the first time through the coarse crusher 210 and the first fine crusher 220 after being discharged, and no flash explosion risk exists when the waste power batteries are crushed after being discharged, so that the potential safety hazard existing in the traditional charged crushing process is eliminated.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the electrolyte recovery system 300 comprises a belt furnace 310, a third belt conveyor 320, a refrigerator 330, a condenser 340 and a liquid storage tank 350, wherein the belt furnace 310 is connected with the crushing system 200, the belt furnace 310 comprises a gas outlet 341 connected with the condenser 340 and a solid outlet 342 connected with the third belt conveyor 320, the condenser 340 and the liquid storage tank 350 are respectively connected with the condenser 340, the waste power battery is crushed for the first time to form a crushed material, the crushed material enters the belt furnace 310 while being transported in the belt furnace 310 for heating, the electrolyte in the crushed material is heated to be in a gas state, the gas electrolyte is transported into the condenser 340 through the gas outlet 341 of the belt furnace 310, the condenser 340 is connected with the refrigerator 330, and the gas electrolyte is condensed and cooled by the condenser 340 to be changed into liquid electrolyte again, the condensed electrolyte is then transported to the liquid storage tank 350 for storage, the electrolyte is recovered, and the crushed material is separated from the electrolyte in the belt furnace 310, and then falls onto the third belt conveyor 320 through the solid outlet 342 of the belt furnace 310 for transportation to the next process.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, a membrane recycling system 400 includes an airflow separation sieve 410, a membrane storage box 420, a fourth belt conveyor 430, a third induced draft fan 440 and a second bag dust collector 450, a feed end and a discharge end of the airflow separation sieve 410 are respectively connected to the third belt conveyor 320 and the fourth belt conveyor 430, a membrane outlet 411 of the airflow separation sieve 410 is sequentially connected to the membrane storage box 420, the third induced draft fan 440 and the second bag dust collector 450, a crushed material obtained after recycling of an electrolyte enters the airflow separation sieve 410 through the third belt conveyor 320, the airflow separation sieve 410 separates a membrane and other solid crushed materials in the crushed material, the separated membrane enters the membrane storage box 420, the third induced draft fan 440 exhausts air from the membrane storage box 420 to pump out internal dust from the membrane, the dust is recycled through the second bag dust collector 450, thereby completing the recovery of the diaphragm, and the remaining crushed material after separating the diaphragm falls to the fourth belt conveyor 430 through the discharge end of the air flow separation screen 410.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6, the cracking system 500, connected to the fourth belt conveyer 430, includes a cracking furnace 510 and a hot air furnace 520, the cracking furnace 510 includes a rotary kiln 511 and a hot air jacket 512, an air inlet of the hot air jacket 512 is connected to the hot air furnace 520, the hot air furnace 520 includes a combustion fan 530, an energy burner 540 and a hot air box 550, the energy burner 540 includes a natural gas burner 560 and a cracked gas burner 570, the energy burner 540 is connected to external natural gas for combustion to generate heat energy to enter the hot air box 550, the combustion fan 530 is used to increase the combustion sufficiency of the combustion natural gas, the heat energy of the hot air box 550 enters the hot air jacket 512, the cracking furnace 510 is heated by the hot air jacket 512, the cracked material after the separation of the membrane enters the cracking furnace 510 through the fourth belt conveyer 430, at this time, the cracked material in the cracking furnace 510 has removed electrolyte and the membrane, therefore, the cracking process is a simple binder decomposition reaction, organic components such as the binder and the like are removed, side reactions in the cracking process are effectively reduced, excessive chemical reaction heat cannot be generated at the local part of the crushed material, the risk of reaction thermal runaway is effectively avoided, the risk of copper and aluminum oxidation embrittlement in the crushed material is reduced, and the possibility of reaction between aluminum and the anode material is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the problems that a diaphragm still exists in the cracking reaction in the traditional process, the battery powder and the metal material are partially wrapped together due to incomplete cracking of the diaphragm, the subsequent separation process cannot be separated, the product recovery quality is affected, oxidation-reduction reaction may occur on aluminum and anode materials, and valuable metals such as aluminum, nickel, cobalt and the like generate new compounds and cannot be separated are solved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, the tail gas purification system 600 includes a pyrolysis gas purification system 610 connected to a rotary kiln 511, and a hot-air tail gas purification system 620 connected to an air outlet of a hot-air jacket 512, the pyrolysis gas purification system 610 includes a cyclone 611, a heat exchanger 612, a third bag collector 613 and a fourth induced draft fan 614 connected in sequence, the fourth induced draft fan 614 is connected to a pyrolysis gas burner 570, the hot-air tail gas purification system 620 includes a spray tower 621, a second gas-liquid separator 622, a fourth bag collector 623 and a fifth induced draft fan 624 connected in sequence, and a tail end of the fifth induced draft fan 624 is communicated with the atmosphere; the crushed materials are subjected to cracking reaction in a rotary kiln 511, the generated cracked gas is subjected to dust removal treatment sequentially through a cyclone dust collector 611, a heat exchanger 612 and a third bag dust collector 613, the cracked gas subjected to dust removal is refluxed into a cracked gas combustor 570 through a fourth induced draft fan 614 to be combusted, the cracked gas is organic waste gas and high in heat value, and the organic waste gas enters a hot air box 550 after being combusted to supply energy to a cracking system 500; after the hot air entering the hot air jacket 512 is supplied with energy, the air outlet of the hot air jacket 512 is cooled and dedusted by the spray tower 621, the second gas-liquid separator 622 and the fourth bag dust collector 623 in sequence, and then is discharged to the external environment by the fifth induced draft fan 624.
Referring to fig. 1 and 8, a sorting system 700 includes a first screw conveyor 710, a first screening machine 720, a second screw conveyor 730, a second fine breaker 740, a third screw conveyor 750, a second screening machine 760, a fifth belt conveyor 770 and an eddy current sorting machine 780 which are connected in sequence, wherein the first screw conveyor 710 is connected with a discharge port of a rotary kiln 511, the cracked crushed material passes through the discharge port of the rotary kiln 511, the first screw conveyor 710 is arranged, and then the battery powder in the crushed material is separated and recycled through the first screening machine 720, the second screw conveyor 730, the second fine breaker 740, the third screw conveyor 750 and the second screening machine 760, and then copper and aluminum are separated from the residual crushed material through the eddy current sorting machine 780, so that the recycling of waste power batteries is completed. The traditional conventional cracking and multistage crushing separation of battery powder and metal materials is carried out, organic components such as a binder and the like are not removed, toxicity in an extracting agent in a wet process can be caused, after multistage crushing, in order to enable most of battery powder to fall off from a current collector, part of metal materials are crushed into extremely small flaky or even powdery materials, a lot of metal chips can be generated at the moment, the metal chips in the separation process can enter the battery powder, the product quality is influenced, the activity of metal aluminum is high, and when the battery powder is crushed into extremely small flaky or powdery materials, the risk of aluminum powder explosion can be caused, so that the safety production is not facilitated; the battery powder and the copper-aluminum product produced by the system have high quality, and the problems existing in the conventional system can be solved.
The system can be used for treating the single waste power battery through the electrolyte recovery system 300, the diaphragm recovery system 400, the cracking system 500 and the sorting system 700, and can be used for carrying out full-component recovery on the electrolyte, the diaphragm paper, the battery powder and the metal materials in the battery. The waste power battery is subjected to the processes of overdischarge, crushing, electrolyte recovery, diaphragm paper recovery, cracking, sorting and the like to obtain a final product, and all the processes of the whole system are connected end to end, so that continuous production can be realized, material turnover is reduced, and labor and energy consumption costs are obviously reduced. The whole components of the battery can be recycled. The battery is broken after being discharged, and the process is safe and reliable. After the diaphragm and the electrolyte in the broken battery material are removed, the broken battery material is treated by adopting a cracking process, so that the cracking reaction is simpler, the problem of material adhesion caused by diaphragm melting is effectively avoided, and the separation of the anode powder and the cathode powder of the battery and a current collector is more thorough.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments of the present invention, the single discharge system 100 further includes a loading platform 140 and a heat dissipation fan 150, wherein the heat dissipation fan 150 is installed beside the discharge cabinet 120; the waste power battery placing sub-feeding platform 140 places the waste power battery monomers one by one to the feeding machine 110 for conveying in a hoisting mode, and the heat dissipation fan 150 dissipates heat of the discharge cabinet 120.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments of the present invention, the coarse crusher 210 is a dual-shaft shredder, and the first fine crusher 220 is a hammer crusher, which can crush the waste power battery cells sufficiently.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments of the invention, the crushing system 200 further comprises a first induced draft fan 240 and a first bag house 250; the first bag dust collector 250 is respectively connected with the rough crusher 210, the first fine crusher 220 and the belt furnace 310 through an air suction hood 260; the first induced draft fan 240 is connected with the first bag dust collector 250, and absorbs dust generated by the coarse crusher 210, the first fine crusher 220 and the belt furnace 310 during operation through the air draft effect of the first induced draft fan.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments of the present invention, the furnace atmosphere of the belt furnace 310 is an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, the feeding end and the discharging end of the belt furnace 310 are both provided with a first double gate valve 311, the oxygen-deficient atmosphere can prevent the components inside the crushed materials from being oxidized during the heating process, and the first double gate valve 311 can ensure the sealing performance of the belt furnace 310.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments of the invention, the electrolyte recovery system 300 further comprises a first gas-liquid separator 360 and a second induced draft fan 370; the first gas-liquid separator 360 is connected between the condenser 340 and the second induced draft fan 370, and the bottom end of the first gas-liquid separator 360 is connected with the liquid storage tank 350; the second induced draft fan 370 is connected with the hot air box 550; gaseous electrolyte passes through condenser 340 condensation and is liquid back, carry out the gas-liquid separation to the air current through first gas-liquid separator 360, make electrolyte tail gas let in hot-blast case 550 through second draught fan 370, on the one hand directly handle electrolyte tail gas, on the other hand electrolyte tail gas is organic waste gas, the calorific value is high, further for 500 energy supplies of cracking system, the waste gas that electrolyte recovery produced and the pyrolysis gas that the cracking process produced pass through hot-blast furnace 520 burning for 500 heat supplies of cracking system, it is energy-conserving, environment friendly, characteristics such as heat utilization rate height.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments of the invention, the membrane storage bin 420 is provided with two bins; the air inlet end of the third induced draft fan 440 is connected with the diaphragm containing box 420 and the second fine crusher 740, the two cabinets are used in a standby mode, the third induced draft fan 440 is utilized to simultaneously wash dust of the diaphragm containing box 420 and the second crusher, and efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments of the present invention, the kiln atmosphere of the rotary kiln 511 is an oxygen-free atmosphere, and the feed end and the discharge end of the rotary kiln 511 are provided with second dual-gate valves 580, the oxygen-free atmosphere can prevent oxidation reaction during heating of the crushed material, and the second dual-gate valves 580 can ensure the air tightness of the rotary kiln 511.
In some embodiments of the present invention, an oxygen content detector, a pressure monitor, a temperature monitor, and an emergency pressure relief device are disposed in the rotary kiln 511, and the oxygen content detector, the pressure monitor, and the temperature monitor are respectively used for detecting the oxygen condition, the pressure, and the temperature in the rotary kiln 511, and the emergency pressure relief device is used for pressure relief in case of an over-high pressure, so as to monitor the system condition in real time, adjust parameters in time, and ensure safety in use.
Referring to fig. 7, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first screen 720 is in the form of a linear screen, the second screen 760 is in the form of a circular vibrating screen, and the second fine crusher 740 is a hammer crusher, thereby ensuring a screening and crushing effect.
In the description herein, references to the description of "some specific embodiments" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a whole component recovery system of old and useless power battery monomer which characterized in that includes:
The single discharge system (100) comprises a feeding machine (110), a discharge cabinet (120) and a first belt conveyor (130);
the crushing system (200) comprises a coarse crusher (210), a first fine crusher (220) and a second belt conveyor (230) which are sequentially connected, wherein the coarse crusher (210) is connected with the first belt conveyor (130);
the electrolyte recovery system (300) comprises a belt furnace (310), a third belt conveyor (320), a refrigerator (330), a condenser (340) and a liquid storage tank (350), wherein the belt furnace (310) is connected with the crushing system (200), the belt furnace (310) comprises a gas outlet (341) connected with the condenser (340) and a solid outlet (342) connected with the third belt conveyor (320), and the condenser (340) and the liquid storage tank (350) are respectively connected with the condenser (340);
the membrane recovery system (400) comprises an airflow separation sieve (410), a membrane containing box (420), a fourth belt conveyor (430), a third induced draft fan (440) and a second bag dust collector (450), wherein the feeding end and the discharging end of the airflow separation sieve (410) are respectively connected with the third belt conveyor (320) and the fourth belt conveyor (430), and a membrane outlet (411) of the airflow separation sieve (410) is sequentially connected with the membrane containing box (420), the third induced draft fan (440) and the second bag dust collector (450);
The cracking system (500) is connected with the fourth belt conveyor (430) and comprises a cracking furnace (510) and a hot blast stove (520), the cracking furnace (510) comprises a rotary kiln (511) and a hot blast jacket (512), an air inlet of the hot blast jacket (512) is connected with the hot blast jacket (512), the hot blast stove (520) comprises a combustion fan (530), an energy burner (540) and a hot blast box (550), and the energy burner (540) comprises a natural gas burner (560) and a cracked gas burner (570);
the tail gas purification system (600) comprises a pyrolysis gas purification system (610) connected with the rotary kiln (511) and a hot blast tail gas purification system (620) connected with an air outlet of a hot blast jacket (512), wherein the pyrolysis gas purification system (610) comprises a cyclone dust collector (611), a heat exchanger (612), a third cloth bag dust collector (613) and a fourth induced draft fan (614) which are sequentially connected, the fourth induced draft fan (614) is connected with the pyrolysis gas burner (570), the hot blast tail gas purification system (620) comprises a spray tower (621), a second gas-liquid separator (622), a fourth cloth bag dust collector (623) and a fifth induced draft fan (624) which are sequentially connected, and the tail end of the fifth induced draft fan (624) is communicated with the atmosphere;
sorting system (700), including first screw conveyer (710), first screening machine (720), second screw conveyer (730), second fine crusher (740), third screw conveyer (750), second screening machine (760), fifth band conveyer (770) and eddy current sorter (780) that connect gradually, first screw conveyer (710) with the discharge gate of rotary kiln (511) is connected.
2. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the monomer discharging system (100) further comprises a feeding platform (140) and a cooling fan (150), and the cooling fan (150) is installed beside the discharging cabinet (120).
3. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the coarse crusher (210) is a double-shaft shredder, and the first fine crusher (220) is a hammer crusher.
4. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the crushing system (200) further comprises a first induced draft fan (240) and a first bag collector (250); the first bag dust collector (250) is respectively connected with the rough crusher (210), the first fine crusher (220) and the belt furnace (310) through an air suction hood (260); the first induced draft fan (240) is connected with the first bag dust collector (250).
5. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the furnace atmosphere of the belt furnace (310) is under-oxygen atmosphere, and the feeding end and the discharging end of the belt furnace (310) are both provided with a first double-gate valve (311).
6. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the electrolyte recovery system (300) further comprises a first gas-liquid separator (360) and a second induced draft fan (370); the first gas-liquid separator (360) is connected between the condenser (340) and the second induced draft fan (370), and the bottom end of the first gas-liquid separator (360) is connected with the liquid storage tank (350); and the second induced draft fan (370) is connected with the hot air box (550).
7. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the diaphragm containing box (420) is provided with two cabinets; and the air inlet end of the third induced draft fan (440) is connected with the diaphragm containing box (420) and the second fine crusher (740).
8. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the kiln internal atmosphere of the rotary kiln (511) is oxygen-free, and a second double-gate valve (580) is arranged at the feeding end and the discharging end of the rotary kiln (511).
9. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the rotary kiln (511) is internally provided with an oxygen content detector, a pressure monitor, a temperature monitor and an emergency pressure relief device.
10. The waste power battery monomer all-component recovery system of claim 1, characterized in that: the first screening machine (720) is in the form of a linear screen, the second screening machine (760) is in the form of a circular vibrating screen, and the second fine breaker (740) is a hammer breaker.
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