CN111803559B - A kind of eggplant peel composition with hypoglycemic effect and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
A kind of eggplant peel composition with hypoglycemic effect and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111803559B CN111803559B CN202010643012.1A CN202010643012A CN111803559B CN 111803559 B CN111803559 B CN 111803559B CN 202010643012 A CN202010643012 A CN 202010643012A CN 111803559 B CN111803559 B CN 111803559B
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Classifications
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/81—Solanaceae (Potato family), e.g. tobacco, nightshade, tomato, belladonna, capsicum or jimsonweed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
- A61K36/481—Astragalus (milkvetch)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
- A61K36/488—Pueraria (kudzu)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/60—Moraceae (Mulberry family), e.g. breadfruit or fig
- A61K36/605—Morus (mulberry)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/30—Extraction of the material
- A61K2236/33—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones
- A61K2236/333—Extraction of the material involving extraction with hydrophilic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, esters or ketones using mixed solvents, e.g. 70% EtOH
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Obesity (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种具有降血糖功效的茄皮组合物及其制备方法和应用，所述茄皮组合物按重量份计，包括以下组分：茄皮醇提物40‑50份、桑叶醇提物10‑20份、葛根醇提物10‑20份和青钱柳醇提物10‑20份。本发明的茄皮组合物充分发挥天然活性物质的生物活性，具有协同作用，作用靶点多，可以通过刺激胰岛素释放、增加胰岛素敏感性、抑制α‑糖苷酶或增加外周糖的利用等机制有效地起到降血糖的作用。本发明的茄皮组合物具有降低血糖、增强免疫、防治并发症以及毒副作用小等优点，而且所用原料廉价易得，生产成本低，保健价值大，是高血糖患者的福音。The invention provides an eggplant peel composition with hypoglycemic effect, a preparation method and application thereof. The eggplant peel composition comprises, in parts by weight, the following components: 40-50 parts of an alcohol extract of the eggplant peel, a mulberry leaf alcohol 10-20 parts of extracts, 10-20 parts of pueraria ethanol extract and 10-20 parts of ethanol extract of pennywort. The eggplant peel composition of the present invention fully exerts the biological activity of natural active substances, has synergistic effects, has many targets, and can effectively stimulate insulin release, increase insulin sensitivity, inhibit α-glucosidase or increase the utilization of peripheral sugars and other mechanisms. to lower blood sugar. The eggplant peel composition of the invention has the advantages of lowering blood sugar, enhancing immunity, preventing and treating complications, and less toxic and side effects, and the raw materials used are cheap and easily available, the production cost is low, and the health care value is great, which is a good news for hyperglycemic patients.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hypoglycemic drugs, and more particularly relates to an eggplant peel composition with a hypoglycemic effect, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Under normal conditions, a human body can ensure the balance of the source and the route of blood sugar through two major regulating systems of hormone regulation and nerve regulation, so that the blood sugar is maintained at a certain level. However, under the combined action of genetic factors (such as family history of diabetes) and environmental factors (such as unreasonable diet, obesity and the like), the two major regulatory functions are disordered, and the blood sugar level is increased. Diabetes mellitus is a disease easily caused by blood sugar elevation, and has become one of the main causes of death in humans.
At present, intravenous injection of human insulin analogues and oral hypoglycemic drugs are adopted for clinically treating diabetes, but adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, poor tolerance and the like are easily generated when an organism is applied for a long time, so that the blood sugar is not well controlled, acute cardiovascular diseases and other events are easily caused, the administration is limited, and the existing fast-paced life requirements and the continuously improved life taste cannot be met.
The natural product has the characteristics of multiple ways, multiple targets, small side effect and the like, and medical workers at home and abroad turn the aim of treating the diabetes from chemical drugs to screening the hypoglycemic active ingredient from the natural product, thereby fully playing the unique advantages of the natural active ingredient in treating the diabetes and the complications thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an eggplant peel composition with the efficacy of reducing blood sugar, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention aims to provide an eggplant peel composition with the blood sugar reducing effect, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of solanum solanaceous bark alcohol extract, 10-20 parts of mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 10-20 parts of kudzu root alcohol extract and 10-20 parts of cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract.
The eggplant is a plant of Solanum of Solanaceae, and has long or round fruit, white, red, purple, etc. and is widely planted at home and abroad. The root, stem, leaf, flower, pedicle and fruit of eggplant can be used as medicine, and has the effects of clearing heat and blood, dispelling wind and promoting diuresis, removing blood stasis and detumescence, relieving pain, etc.; specifically, the root and stem of Solanum melongena is used for treating rheumatism, pyretic arthralgia, chronic dysentery, female yin protrusion, chilblain, etc.; the eggplant leaves are mainly used for treating bloody stranguria, bloody dysentery, intestinal wind and bloody discharge, carbuncle swelling and frostbite; the eggplant flower is mainly used for treating wound and toothache; the calyx Solani Melongenae can be used for treating hematochezia; the dried fruits can be ground into powder for treating mammary gland ulceration.
According to the research of the invention, the abandoned eggplant peel contains phenolic acids and flavonoids in a certain proportion, so that the eggplant peel extract has a good blood sugar reducing effect, the eggplant peel alcohol extract is compatible with the mulberry leaf alcohol extract, the kudzu root alcohol extract and the cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, the biological activities of the natural active substances are fully exerted, the eggplant peel alcohol extract has a synergistic effect, and the blood sugar reducing effect can be effectively achieved through mechanisms of stimulating insulin release, increasing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting alpha-glycosidase or increasing the utilization of peripheral sugar and the like. The invention solves the problem of eggplant peel waste and provides a feasible path for the deep processing of eggplant peel in future.
Further, the solanum melongena bark alcohol extract is purple solanum melongena bark alcohol extract.
Further, the active ingredients of the solanum solanaceum alcohol extract comprise phenolic acids and flavonoids.
Furthermore, the content of the phenolic acids and the flavonoids is 30-65 percent and is more than that of other active ingredients in the solanum solanacearum extract.
Further, the eggplant peel composition also comprises an astragalus ethanol extract and a medlar ethanol extract, and the eggplant peel composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of solanum solanaceous bark alcohol extract, 10-20 parts of mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 10-20 parts of kudzu root alcohol extract, 10-20 parts of cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, 10-20 parts of astragalus mongholicus alcohol extract and 10-20 parts of medlar alcohol extract.
The invention discovers that the astragalus extract mainly contains active ingredients such as polysaccharide, saponins, flavone, amino acid and the like; the fructus Lycii extract contains fructus Lycii polysaccharide, flavone polyphenol, carotenoid, alkaloid and other compounds as active ingredients; the polysaccharide components in the extracts of astragalus and medlar can stimulate insulin secretion, and the two components are added into the eggplant peel composition, so that the blood sugar reducing effect is further enhanced, and the increase range is larger.
The alcohol extracts in the invention can be obtained from markets, or can be prepared by purchasing fresh high-quality materials and then processing the materials by self, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) freeze-drying fresh purple eggplant peel, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, performing ultrasonic assisted extraction with 30 times of 60% food-grade ethanol for 1h, collecting supernatant, freeze-drying, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve for later use. (2) Purchasing high-quality radix Puerariae, folium Mori, cyclocarya paliurus, radix astragali and fructus Lycii, pulverizing, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, adding 40-50 times of 70% food grade ethanol, extracting with ultrasonic wave at 40 deg.C for 1.5 hr, collecting extractive solution, freeze drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation with the efficacy of reducing blood sugar, which comprises the eggplant peel composition and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials.
Furthermore, the preparation is a common dosage form such as a tablet, a capsule, a pill or granules. Wherein the buccal tablet is preferably prepared, and is convenient to carry and take.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the eggplant peel composition, which comprises the following steps: sieving the components respectively, and mixing uniformly according to the proportion. Preferably, the components are sieved through an 80 mesh sieve.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the eggplant peel composition in preparing the medicine for treating diabetes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the eggplant peel composition disclosed by the invention is prepared by matching the eggplant peel alcohol extract with the mulberry leaf alcohol extract, the kudzu root alcohol extract and the cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, fully exerts the biological activities of the natural active substances, has a synergistic effect and multiple action targets, and can effectively play a role in reducing blood sugar through mechanisms of stimulating insulin release, increasing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting alpha-glycosidase or increasing the utilization of peripheral sugar and the like. The eggplant peel composition has the advantages of reducing blood sugar, enhancing immunity, preventing and treating complications, having small toxic and side effects and the like, and is cheap and easily available in raw materials, low in production cost and high in health care value, thereby being good news of patients with hyperglycemia.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products available from regular distributors, not indicated by the manufacturer.
In the following examples, purple eggplant peel, kudzu root, cyclocarya paliurus, mulberry leaf, astragalus and medlar are all commercially available high-quality materials, and then alcohol extraction is carried out to obtain corresponding alcohol extracts; the auxiliary materials such as starch, xylitol, mannitol and the like are directly obtained from the market.
Preparing raw materials: (1) freeze-drying fresh purple eggplant peel, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, performing ultrasonic assisted extraction with 30 times of 60% food-grade ethanol for 1h, collecting supernatant, freeze-drying, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve for later use. (2) Purchasing high-quality radix Puerariae, folium Mori, cyclocarya paliurus, radix astragali and fructus Lycii, pulverizing, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, adding 40-50 times of 70% food grade ethanol, extracting with ultrasonic wave at 40 deg.C for 1.5 hr, collecting extractive solution, freeze drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an eggplant peel composition with the blood sugar reducing effect, which consists of the following components in part by weight: 40 parts of solanum solanaceous bark alcohol extract, 20 parts of mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 20 parts of kudzu root alcohol extract and 20 parts of cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an eggplant peel composition with the blood sugar reducing effect, which consists of the following components in part by weight: 50 parts of solanum solanaceous bark alcohol extract, 10 parts of mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 10 parts of kudzu root alcohol extract, 10 parts of cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, 10 parts of astragalus membranaceus alcohol extract and 10 parts of medlar alcohol extract.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a buccal tablet of eggplant peel, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing the purple eggplant peel, sieving the dried purple eggplant peel with a 60-mesh sieve, extracting active ingredients of the purple eggplant peel by using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction, and crushing the purple eggplant peel after freeze drying and sieving the purple eggplant peel with a 80-mesh sieve for later use; pulverizing radix Puerariae, cyclocarya paliurus, folium Mori, radix astragali, and fructus Lycii with high-speed Chinese medicinal pulverizer respectively, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, extracting active ingredients with ethanol under ultrasonic assistance, making extract into dry powder, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve; preparing starch, mannitol and xylitol, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve. Respectively weighing 40 parts of the solanum nigrum alcohol extract, 10 parts of the pueraria alcohol extract, 10 parts of the cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, 10 parts of the mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 10 parts of the astragalus alcohol extract, 10 parts of the medlar alcohol extract, 10 parts of starch and 10 parts of mannitol, fully mixing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, putting into a tablet machine, pressing into tablets, sterilizing and packaging.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a buccal tablet of eggplant peel, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing the purple eggplant peel, sieving the dried purple eggplant peel with a 60-mesh sieve, extracting active ingredients of the purple eggplant peel by using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction, and crushing the purple eggplant peel after freeze drying and sieving the purple eggplant peel with a 80-mesh sieve for later use; pulverizing radix Puerariae, cyclocarya paliurus, folium Mori, radix astragali, and fructus Lycii with a high-speed Chinese medicinal pulverizer, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, extracting active ingredients with ethanol under ultrasonic assistance, making the extract into dry powder, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve; preparing starch, mannitol and xylitol, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve. Respectively weighing 45 parts of solanum torvum bark alcohol extract, 15 parts of kudzu root alcohol extract, 15 parts of cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, 15 parts of mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 15 parts of astragalus membranaceus alcohol extract, 15 parts of medlar alcohol extract, 15 parts of starch and 15 parts of mannitol, fully mixing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, putting into a tablet machine, pressing into tablets, sterilizing and packaging.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a buccal tablet of eggplant peel, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing the purple eggplant peel, sieving the dried purple eggplant peel with a 60-mesh sieve, extracting active ingredients of the purple eggplant peel by using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction, and crushing the purple eggplant peel after freeze drying and sieving the purple eggplant peel with a 80-mesh sieve for later use; pulverizing radix Puerariae, cyclocarya paliurus, folium Mori, radix astragali, and fructus Lycii with a high-speed Chinese medicinal pulverizer, sieving with 60 mesh sieve, extracting active ingredients with ethanol under ultrasonic assistance, making the extract into dry powder, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve; preparing starch, mannitol and xylitol, and sieving with 80 mesh sieve. Respectively weighing 50 parts of solanum torvum bark alcohol extract, 20 parts of kudzu root alcohol extract, 20 parts of cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, 20 parts of mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 20 parts of astragalus membranaceus alcohol extract, 20 parts of medlar alcohol extract, 20 parts of starch and 20 parts of mannitol, fully mixing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, putting into a tablet machine, pressing into tablets, sterilizing and packaging.
Example 6
The present embodiment provides an eggplant peel buccal tablet, which comprises 40 parts of an eggplant peel alcohol extract, 20 parts of a kudzu root alcohol extract, 20 parts of a cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, 20 parts of a mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 10 parts of starch and 10 parts of mannitol, and the preparation method is the same as that in embodiment 3.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides solanum solanaceous bark buccal tablets which comprise 90 parts of solanum solanaceous bark alcohol extract, 10 parts of starch and 10 parts of mannitol, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 3.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a buccal tablet containing eggplant peel, which comprises 30 parts of kudzu root alcohol extract, 30 parts of cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract, 30 parts of mulberry leaf alcohol extract, 10 parts of starch and 10 parts of mannitol, and the preparation method is the same as that of example 3.
Examples of the experiments
The evaluation test of the blood sugar reducing activity of the eggplant peel buccal tablet provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
first, test method
1. Molding: about 250 healthy adult SD male rats with the body weight of 150 +/-20 g are selected, 20 SD male rats are randomly selected as blank control groups, and the rest SD male rats are modeled: after 24h, injecting streptomycin (the dose is 45mg/kg) into the abdominal cavity, after 72h, fasting for 6h without water, and taking blood from the tail to detect the blood sugar; continuously molding the rat with the blood sugar value of more than or equal to 16.8mM, and feeding high-fat feed; the blank control group is injected with normal saline with the same amount in the abdominal cavity under the same condition and fed with common feed. After four weeks, tail vein blood is taken to detect blood sugar and urine protein content for 24h, and the success of the model building of the diabetic rat is judged according to the fact that the fasting blood sugar value is more than or equal to 16.8mM and the urine protein is more than or equal to 20mg/24 h.
2. Administration: the rats successfully molded were randomly divided into 10 groups of 20 rats, each of which was a model group, a positive control group, a low dose group in example 3 (i.e., the buccal tablets of eggplant peel in example 3 were administered at a low dose), a dose group in example 3 (i.e., the buccal tablets of eggplant peel in example 3 were administered at a medium dose), a high dose group in example 3 (i.e., the buccal tablets of eggplant peel in example 3 were administered at a high dose, and the like), a high dose group in example 4, a high dose group in example 5, a high dose group in example 6, a high dose group in comparative example 1, and a high dose group in comparative example 2. Grinding the corresponding eggplant peel buccal tablets, adding purified water to prepare a solution for intragastric administration, wherein the preparation is carried out on site every day, and the dosage is as follows: 150mg/kg in the low dose group, 200mg/kg in the medium dose group and 400mg/kg in the high dose group; the rats of the positive control group are infused with metformin hydrochloride, and the dosage is 200 mg/kg; the model group and the blank control group were perfused with gastric saline under equivalent conditions. Each group was gavaged once a day for 30 consecutive days.
3. And (3) detection: blood was taken from the tail vein 2h after the last gavage, and the sugar content and the glycated hemoglobin content of the rats were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Second, experimental results
TABLE 1 Effect of the eggplant skin buccal tablets of each example and comparative example on blood glucose of rats
| Group of | Number of animals | Fasting blood glucose (mM) | Glycated hemoglobin (%) |
| Blank control group | 20 | 5.46±3.61 | 5.24±2.02 |
| Model set | 20 | 23.75±4.01## | 12.48±2.85## |
| Positive control group | 20 | 11.38±3.09** | 5.36±6.35** |
| Example 3 Low dose group | 20 | 14.98±3.22* | 8.21±2.89* |
| Dose groups of example 3 | 20 | 14.03±3.71* | 7.54±4.28* |
| Example 3 high dose group | 20 | 13.75±2.84** | 6.94±3.81** |
| Example 4 high dose group | 20 | 13.67±4.43** | 6.91±5.12** |
| Example 5 high dose group | 20 | 13.49±2.97** | 6.28±4.32** |
| Example 6 high dose group | 20 | 15.61±3.07* | 9.15±3.19* |
| Comparative example 1 high dose group | 20 | 20.97±4.23 | 11.26±2.74 |
| Comparative example 2 high dose group | 20 | 21.09±3.17 | 11.32±2.90 |
Note:##indicates p < 0.01 compared to the blank control;*representing p < 0.1 compared to the model set;**representing p < 0.05 compared to the model group.
As can be seen from Table 1, the fasting blood glucose and the glycated hemoglobin content of the model group were both greatly increased compared to the blank control group, thus indicating the success of the model building of the diabetic rats. Compared with the model group, the fasting blood glucose values and the content of the glycosylated hemoglobin of the administration group and the positive control group are reduced, but the reduction of the comparative examples 1-2 is not obvious, only the administration groups of the examples 3-6 are obviously reduced, and the reduction is obviously different, wherein the reduction of the administration group with the high drug dosage is more obvious. The solanum solanaceous bark buccal tablets have a certain treatment effect on diabetes, the solanum solanaceous bark alcohol extract, the radix puerariae alcohol extract, the cyclocarya paliurus alcohol extract and the mulberry leaf alcohol extract supplement each other, and the better blood sugar reducing effect cannot be obtained due to the lack of one or more components.
In examples 3 to 6, the results of examples 4 and 5 are similar to those of example 3, and the effect of example 6 is slightly less than that of examples 3 to 5, which shows that the two components of the ethanol extract of astragalus and the ethanol extract of lycium barbarum can further enhance the effect of reducing blood glucose, and the increase range is larger.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
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