CN111803468B - 一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂及其制备方法,它涉及生物领域。本发明为了解决现有普通喷膜剂:无法靶向抑制和杀灭病毒和细菌、作用时间短,无法长期有效隔离病毒生存环境、抑制病毒复制效率低的问题。本发明采用PVP形成一层可溶性防护膜,并利用CMC‑NA的缓释作用。通过物理和生物双重抗菌机制有效破坏了病毒和细菌的生存环境,起到抗炎、抑菌、隔离、杀灭病毒原微生物(包括细菌和病毒等)的作用。通过靶向剂血管紧张素2抑制剂和EDTA2Na,实现靶向和缓释给药相结合的工艺处方和成分机理双重优势。本发明应用于医药领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物领域,具体涉及一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
病毒是由一个核酸分子(DNA或RNA)与蛋白质构成的、不具细胞结构但有遗传、复制等生命特征的微生物。病毒的特点是:①体积微小,直径在20~200nm,需借助电子显微镜观察,能通过滤菌器;②结构简单,为非细胞型微生物,病毒没有细胞壁、细胞膜,甚至没有细胞核,只是在遗传物质RNA或者DNA外面裹上一层蛋白衣壳,衣壳的功能:①具有抗原性;②保护核酸;③介导病毒与宿主细胞结合;③严格的细胞内寄生,自身是无法进行复制,病毒大部分的时候都在蛰伏状态,一旦遇到细胞,就会利用蛋白酶溶解细胞壁或者细胞膜,直接进入细胞;④病毒以自身核酸为模板进行复制繁殖,在遇到宿主细胞后,经过吸附、穿入、脱壳、生物合成及装配与释放5个阶段,完成对宿主细胞的侵染和大量繁殖。病毒种类繁多,国际病毒分类委员会(ICT V)将所有已知的病毒根据核酸类型分为 DNA病毒,RNA病毒,DNA与RNA反转录病毒几大类。病毒在自然界分布广泛,可感染细菌、真菌、植物、动物和人,常引起宿主发病。
SARS-CoV-2为一种属于β属的新型冠状病毒,有包膜,颗粒呈圆形或椭圆形,常为多形性,直径60~140nm。其基因特征与SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV有明显区别。目前研究显示与蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒(bat-SL-CoVZC45)同源性达85%以上,基于目前的流行病学调查,潜伏期一般为3~7d,最长不超过14d。新冠病毒在潜伏期具有传染性,感染可引起的急性肺炎,临床表现(1)发热和/或呼吸道症状;(2)具有上述肺炎影像学特征; (3)发病早期白细胞总数正常或降低,或淋巴细胞计数减少。人群普遍易感,老年人、免疫能力低下及有基础疾病者感染后病情较重,少数患者病情危重。死亡病例多见于老年人和有慢性基础疾病者。
目前屏蔽和隔离新冠病毒进入人体是做好有效防护持久战的第一关,而鼻腔和口腔是病毒进入人体的第一门户,特别是鼻腔是人体藏污纳垢的第一腔体器官、口腔次之,资料显示流感病毒在人群中是通过咳嗽或者打喷嚏来传播的。这些咳嗽和打喷嚏一次可以喷出 10万个唾液飞沫,我们统计一下每一个液滴大概含有一千个病毒,如果我打一个喷嚏,我可以喷出10000万个病毒,而这些液滴以每小时160公里的速度在空气中超速前进,可以前进40米。这是一个什么概念?很不幸如果我今天感冒了,我在这里打一个喷嚏,这个房间里所有的人都可能被感染。喷嚏中的一滴液珠就携带有数千个入侵者,它们穿过人体的薄弱点和常规进食、呼吸的功能腔道鼻腔、口腔,这些外来的入侵者是极其狡猾的致命机器。比如腺病毒,是可以感染人类的20科病毒之一,可以引起各种各样的疾病,从一般感冒到肺炎。这也就是为什么,在众多防范措施中,特别重要的一条就是“戴口罩”的物理隔离和屏障作用,如有咳嗽、喷嚏时,注意用纸巾、衣物遮挡鼻腔以减少病菌传播。
病毒的增殖,首先识别与吸附在宿主细胞表面特定位置,不同的病毒可能识别相同或者特殊的细胞表面蛋白,从而形成对特定细胞有选择的侵害。研究发现,SARS-CoV-2病毒是通过其刺突蛋白与人体细胞上的血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)的受体结合。而 TMPRSS2酶有助于激活新冠病毒的刺突蛋白,从而帮助病毒进入宿主细胞,人类远低于 10%的呼吸道细胞和肠道细胞同时产生ACE2和TMPRSS2,而这些细胞分为三种类型:鼻腔中分泌粘液的杯状细胞(goblet secretory cells)、肺部的Ⅱ型肺泡细胞(type II pneumocytes)和吸收性肠上皮细胞。因此SARS-CoV-2专门攻击薄弱的鼻粘膜细胞和呼吸系统细胞,因此防止致命病毒侵害的第一步就是保护我们的鼻腔粘膜,隔绝病毒侵入,而我公司研制一种新型靶向、缓释、成膜的抑制病毒(细菌)的鼻腔喷膜剂则是隔绝病毒直接侵犯鼻腔粘膜细胞、破坏病毒生存环境、进一步粘住病毒使其无法接近细胞表面蛋白,进而无法进入细胞复制的有利武器之一。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有普通喷膜剂:无法靶向抑制和杀灭病毒和细菌、作用时间短,无法长期有效隔离病毒生存环境、抑制病毒复制效率低的问题,而形成的一种新型靶向、缓释、成膜,隔绝病毒、保护粘膜、粘住病毒使其无法复制、长效破坏病毒生存的喷膜剂。
本发明的一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂,它由A、B和C相组分制成,上述三相体积比例为A:B:C=(4-6):(0.5-1.5):(4-6);
其中,A相由苯扎溴铵、冰片、薄荷脑、土温-80、95%乙醇和0.9%氯化钠组成;
B相为桉叶油;
C相由聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、羧甲基纤维素钠、血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和0.9%氯化钠组成。
进一步地,每500mL的A相中含有0.1-0.3g苯扎溴铵、0.5-2g冰片、0.2-0.6g薄荷脑、15-24g土温-80、10mL的95%乙醇和余量的0.9%氯化钠。
进一步地,每500mL的A相中含有0.2-0.3g苯扎溴铵、1-2g冰片、0.3-0.5g薄荷脑、18-22g土温-80、10mL的95%乙醇和余量的0.9%氯化钠。
进一步地,每500mL的C相中含有30-70g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、0.5-1g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、5-10g羧甲基纤维素钠、20-40mg血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、10-30mg乙二胺四乙酸二钠和余量0.9%氯化钠。
进一步地,每500mL的C相中含有40-60g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、0.8-1g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、8-10g羧甲基纤维素钠、30-40mg血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、20-30mg乙二胺四乙酸二钠和余量0.9%氯化钠。
本发明的一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂的方法,它是按照以下步骤进行的:
一、制备A相
1)冰片、薄荷脑用95%乙醇完全溶解后,加入土温-80混合,制得A溶液;
2)向A溶液中加入苯扎溴铵均匀分散;
3)最后用0.9%氯化钠定溶,磁力搅拌混合均匀,分装即得A相;
二、制备C相
4)将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠用0.9%氯化钠完全溶解,得B溶液;
5)向B溶液中加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂和乙二胺四乙酸二钠,磁力搅拌混合均匀;
6)最后用0.9%氯化钠定溶500mL混合均匀,分装即得C相;
三、制备喷膜剂
7)将B相边搅拌边加入A相中,待完全加完后,采用均质机将液体彻底均质,形成油包水悬浊液;
8)向油包水悬浊液中加入C相,并搅拌均质进行微乳化,脱气,形成水包油包水的均一鼻喷膜剂;
其中,A相:B相:C相的体积比为(4-6):(0.5-1.5):(4-6);B相为桉叶油。
进一步地,每500mL的A相中含有0.1-0.3g苯扎溴铵、0.5-2g冰片、0.2-0.6g薄荷脑、15-24g土温-80、10mL的95%乙醇和余量的0.9%氯化钠。
进一步地,每500mL的A相中含有0.2-0.3g苯扎溴铵、1-2g冰片、0.3-0.5g薄荷脑、18-22g土温-80、10mL的95%乙醇和余量的0.9%氯化钠。
进一步地,每500mL的C相中含有30-70g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、0.5-1g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、5-10g羧甲基纤维素钠、20-40mg血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、10-30mg乙二胺四乙酸二钠和余量0.9%氯化钠。
进一步地,每500mL的C相中含有40-60g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、0.8-1g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、8-10g羧甲基纤维素钠、30-40mg血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、20-30mg乙二胺四乙酸二钠和余量0.9%氯化钠。
本发明的技术机理为:
本发明鼻腔给药喷膜剂是一种结合膜剂、喷雾剂的优点,制成一种喷雾、喷洒在皮肤黏膜处,由于处方中聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)成膜剂的作用机理可在鼻腔粘膜表面形成一层可溶性防护膜,隔离和防护粘膜细胞不受病毒和细菌攻击、黏住病毒使其无法复制;由于处方中缓释成膜剂CMC-NA的缓释作用可延长药物在黏膜的停留时间,缓解释放、提高药效,通过物理和生物双重抗菌机制有效破坏了病毒和细菌的生存环境,起到抗炎、抑菌、隔离、杀灭病毒原微生物(包括细菌、病毒等)的作用,其形成的生物分子膜既是一种药物载体,宜可通过成膜发挥其保护、屏障作用,可减少水分蒸发,促进皮肤水合作用等功效,具有定量输出、顺应性好、提高药物生物利用度;由于靶向剂血管紧张素2抑制剂和EDTA2Na在处方中的科学调剂,实现靶向和缓释给药相结合的工艺处方和成分机理双重优势。使其区别于普通传统喷膜剂的1)广谱隔离,但无法靶向针对某种病毒进行隔离、抑制和杀灭作用;2)作用时间短,无法长期有效隔离病毒生存环境;3)抑制病毒成分复杂,抑制效率不高,只有高浓度才能对人有作用效果,但那样就需要使用次数多,人体可能出现的积累性副作用也会增加。
本发明包含以下有益效果:
1、靶向技术引入:成分中含有靶向ACE2抑制剂,靶向抑制ACE2阳性细胞与病毒 S蛋白结合,防止新冠病毒、SARs、MERS等致命性病毒直接与鼻粘膜细胞表面的ACE2 受体结合;
2、缓释技术应用:含有缓释剂羧甲基纤维素钠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、桉叶油等组成的长效成膜剂,保湿的同时,进一步破坏病毒和细菌生存环境、隔绝病菌的侵害粘膜细胞;
3、成膜保护和透气并存:既保证杀病毒和细菌药物进入鼻腔粘膜,渗透入鼻内细胞,又可隔绝外界微生物侵害;
4、多组分协同作用:具有丰富的抗病毒、抑菌、通窍药物和草本精华(冰片、薄荷醇、桉叶油、乙烯吡咯烷酮碘)协同作用杀灭病毒和细菌。
5、本发明制备工艺的特点:以创新为基点突破传统工艺、集成靶向和缓释等多项制剂前沿技术、采用先进微分溶解、分步分相定溶、高速磁力分子剪切和高效均质混合等多项国际先进的制剂技术来复合和助力本产品的工艺制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明的鼻腔给药喷膜剂制备工艺流程图;
图2为实施例1制备的鼻腔给药喷膜剂成膜照片;其中,A图为鼻腔喷膜剂成膜图(50 ×),B图为纯化水对照图(50×);
图3为抑菌实验照片;其中,左侧平皿为供试品,中间平皿为供试品对照组,右侧平皿为阳性;
图4为病毒抑制效果图;其中,A:不含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T细胞被侵染后细胞状态(白光,100×)图,B:不含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T细胞被侵染后细胞状态(荧光,100×)图,C:含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T细胞被侵染后细胞状态(白光,100×) 图,D:含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T细胞被侵染后细胞状态(荧光,100×)图;
图5为实施例1制备的鼻腔给药喷膜剂释放度图;
图6为实施例1制备的鼻腔给药喷膜剂病毒滴度图;
图7为实施例1制备的鼻腔给药喷膜剂抗病毒结果图;其中,A空白组,未侵染病毒的BEAS2B细胞状态(100×)图,B侵染病毒2h BEAS2B细胞状态(100×)图,C侵染病毒5hBEAS2B细胞状态(100×)图,D实施例1的喷膜剂消杀后,侵染病毒2h BEAS2B 细胞状态(100×)图,E实施例1的喷膜剂消杀后,侵染病毒5h BEAS2B细胞状态(100 ×)图;
图8为鼻腔给药喷膜剂氧气通过量图。
具体实施方式
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,上述各实施方式是实现本发明的具体实施例,而在实际应用中,可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变,而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面将详细叙述清楚说明本发明所揭示内容的精神,任何所属技术领域技术人员在了解本发明内容的实施例后,当可由本发明内容所教示的技术,加以改变及修饰,其并不脱离本发明内容的精神与范围。
本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
本实施例的一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂的制备工艺:
一、A相组分配制方法:
1)冰片、薄荷脑用适量的95%乙醇完全溶解加入处方量的土温-80制备出A溶液;
2)将A溶液中加入处方量的苯扎溴铵均匀分散在该溶液中;
3)最后用0.9%氯化钠定溶500mL高速磁力剪切搅拌混合均匀,分装即得分项定溶A相组分。
二、C相组分的配制方法:
4)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、CMC-Na用0.9%氯化钠完全溶解制备出B溶液;
5)将B溶液中加入处方量聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、血管紧张素抑制剂2、EDTA2Na高速磁力剪切搅拌混合均匀;
6)最后用0.9%氯化钠定溶500mL混合均匀,分装即得分项定溶C相组分。
三、喷膜剂成形:
7)将B组分边搅拌边加入分项定溶的A相组分中;
8)待完全加完后,采用高速均质机将液体彻底均质,形成油包水悬浊液;
9)向悬浊液中加入分项定溶的C相组分,并高速搅拌均质进行微乳化,脱气,形成w/o/w(水包油包水)的均一三相鼻喷膜剂。
本实施例的鼻喷膜剂中A相、B相和C相的体积比例为A:B:C=5:1:5。
A相组分:
| 序号 | 名称 | 处方量 | 作用 |
| 1 | 苯扎溴铵 | 0.2g | 抗病毒、抑菌剂 |
| 2 | 冰片 | 1g | 抑菌、抗炎、通窍 |
| 3 | 薄荷脑 | 0.4g | 抗炎、调味剂 |
| 4 | 土温-80 | 20g | 助溶剂 |
| 5 | 95%乙醇 | 10mL | 消毒、溶剂 |
| 6 | 0.9%氯化钠 | 调配至500mL | 溶剂 |
B相组分:
C相组分
| 序号 | 名称 | 处方量 | 作用 |
| 1 | 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP) | 50g | 成膜剂 |
| 2 | 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘 | 0.8g | 杀菌、杀病毒 |
| 3 | CMC-Na | 7.5g | 缓释剂 |
| 4 | 血管紧张素酶II抑制剂 | 30mg | 靶向抑制ACE2活性 |
| 5 | EDTA2Na | 20mg | 靶向抑制ACE2活性 |
| 6 | 0.9%氯化钠 | 调配至500mL | 溶剂 |
对实施例1制备的靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂进行效果验证:
1、成膜效果验证:
将鼻腔喷膜剂喷涂适量在25.4mm×76.2mm载玻片上,置于30度培养箱中使其烘干,然后将载玻片置于Leica正置显微镜下,物镜5倍,目镜选择10倍,调整光圈和焦距,并对表明形态结构进行拍照分析,结果如图2和3所示。
图2为本实施例鼻腔喷膜剂边缘整齐,成膜均匀致密,膜中无可见物质分布不均状态,图2中A箭头为本实施例喷膜剂成膜边缘,图2中B箭头为边缘不光滑状态状态。
2、鼻腔喷膜剂稳定性试验:
将鼻腔喷膜剂放置在4度、20度、37度、40度几个环境中24小时后,以及在对应温度进行离心加速试验10min,试验后,分析样本分层情况、沉淀物,采用色谱定量分析鼻腔喷膜剂中关键成分苯扎溴铵情况,如表1所示。
表1鼻腔喷膜剂中苯扎溴铵分析
由表1结果表明本实施例的喷膜剂稳定。
3、抑菌效果试验:
微生物实验对比方法:
1)供试品:分别取本品0.5mL至直径90mm的无菌平皿中,平行制备2个平皿,分别加入温度不超过45℃的胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基,置33℃培养箱中,培养3天。
2)供试品对照组:取本品0.5mL,金黄色葡萄球1mL至直径90mm的无菌平皿中混匀,平行制备2个平皿,分别加入温度不超过45℃的胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基,置33℃培养箱中,培养3天。
3)阳性:取金黄色葡萄球1mL(含菌量小于100cfu),至直径90mm的无菌平皿中,平行制备2个平皿,分别加入温度不超过45℃的胰酪大豆胨琼脂培养基,置33℃培养箱中,培养3天。
结果如图3所示。由图3可知鼻腔喷膜剂可抑制菌的生长。
4、实施例1的喷膜剂显著抑制病毒对细胞的侵染:
接种细胞:选择生长状态良好的293T细胞,计数,按照1×105/mL的密度,接种在6cm培养皿中。正常培养基(90%DMEM+0%FBS)为对照组,正常培养基中加入10%喷膜剂为实验组。
细胞侵染:取10uL才有EGFP荧光标记的慢病毒空载体原液加入两组培养基中,于37℃培养1天。荧光显微镜下观察细胞被侵染情况。结果如图4所示。图4中A:不含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T细胞被侵染后细胞状态(白光,100×);B:不含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T细胞被侵染后细胞状态(荧光,100×);C:含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T 细胞被侵染后细胞状态(白光,100×);D:含喷膜剂的培养体系中293T细胞被侵染后细胞状态(荧光,100×)。可见经过本实施例喷膜剂处理,病毒对细胞的侵染细胞能力显著下降。
5、释放度测定
随机抽取3批鼻腔喷膜剂,分别放置10、30、60、90、120min,以蒸馏水为供试品溶液。用紫外-可见分光光度计,在256nm波长处分别测定吸收度。分别计算不同时间的缓释度。结果如图5所示。
6、鼻粘膜保护试验
选用WDVE-6MeV直线加速器8Gy对动物鼻腔进行照射,建立鼻粘膜损伤模型。将大鼠分为3组,空白组(不做任何处理)、模型组(鼻粘膜损伤)、喷雾组(鼻腔喷雾后进行鼻粘膜损伤)。24h后观察动物鼻腔情况,处死动物,采集血液,鼻腔组织。
试验结果
1)动物观察:模型组动物照射后鼻粘膜出现充血、鼻腔纤毛脱落的情况,食欲不振,不善动。空白组和喷雾组动物无异常。
2)生理指标变化
7、将喷膜剂隔离后,病毒滴度明显下降:
接种细胞:选择生长状态良好的293T细胞,计数,按照1×105/mL的密度,接种在6cm培养皿中。放入37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养。
喷膜剂准备:在24孔板中,分别在三个孔中喷入喷膜剂、三个孔中喷入生理盐水,在 37度培养箱中使其干燥,成膜。每个孔中加入慢病毒悬液0.5mL,使其在孔板中作用24小时后,分别收集病毒悬液。
病毒悬液稀释液准备:将上述收集的病毒悬液在EP管中用293T细胞完全培养基做10倍梯度稀释,连续10个稀释度,稀释方法如下:每种病毒准备10个1.5mL EP管,每管加入90μl培养液,往第一个管中加入10μl病毒原液,混匀后,吸取10μl加入第二个管混匀。依此类推,即为10-1~10-10。
细胞侵染:将稀释好的各组病毒稀释液更换到培养好的293T细胞上,每个滴度3个平行,侵染2h后,用一根灭菌巴斯德吸管吸去病毒上清液,加入4mL琼脂糖覆盖物,让琼脂糖于室温固化10~20min。用Parafilm膜封住毎个平板(以防干涸),于37℃培养5天。
病毒滴度计算:准备台盼蓝覆盖物,倾覆1mL至培养了4天、蚀斑形成较好的培养皿中。于37℃过夜温育培养皿,让染料扩散进入死细胞。计数蓝色蚀斑的数目并确定病毒滴度。
滴度计算公式为滴度(TU/mL)=(X+Y×10)×1000/2/X孔的病毒液的含量(μl)。其中X孔为可记出蚀斑数的孔的蚀斑数量,Y孔为X孔的十倍稀释倍数孔的蚀斑数量。生理盐水对照处理后滴度检测结果如下表
| 平行1孔 | 平行2孔 | 平行3孔 | 平均值 | |
| X孔(10<sup>-7</sup>) | 119 | 105 | 158 | 127 |
| Y孔(10<sup>-8</sup>) | 25 | 17 | 34 | 25 |
根据以上公式计算;病毒滴度(TU/mL)为1.9×1012。
成膜剂作用后滴度检测结果如下表
| 平行1孔 | 平行2孔 | 平行3孔 | 平均值 | |
| X孔(10<sup>-6</sup>) | 94 | 62 | 70 | 75 |
| Y孔(10<sup>-7</sup>) | 12 | 9 | 15 | 12 |
根据以上公式计算;病毒滴度(TU/mL)为9.75×1010。
病毒滴度结果如图6所示。由图6可知,经喷膜剂与病毒相互作用后,病毒被喷膜剂抑制,进而杀灭,病毒数量明显下降。
8、抗新冠病毒效果验证:
病毒包装:
1)试剂/质粒
试剂:lip2000转染试剂盒,opti-MEM培养基
质粒:a)pCDH-CMV-3F-HnCoV-S-EF1-copGFP(含新冠病毒S蛋白)质粒(购买自上海海吉浩格生物科技有限公司);b)pMD2.G质粒;c)psPAX2质粒
2)病毒包装:
a)细胞准备:293T细胞50%密度时,更换无抗培养基培养24h;转染前更换opti-MEM 培养基。
b)转染样品准备:在50ulopti-MEM培养基中加入3种质粒,轻轻混匀。使用前轻轻混匀lip2000,然后加入到opti-MEM培养基中,再轻轻混匀,室温静止5min。将两种稀释液1:1混合,轻轻混匀,室温静止20min。
c)将混合液环状滴入细胞中,混匀,培养6h后更换为正常培养基。
d)每24h收集一次培养基上清液,收集3次,4℃暂存。收集完成后,用超滤管浓缩病毒,检测病毒滴度,-80℃长期保存。
3)病毒包装用量
接种细胞:选择生长状态良好的人ACE2阳性的肺上皮BEAS2B细胞,计数,按照1 ×105/mL的密度,接种在6cm培养皿中。
病毒稀释:根据滴度检测,选择适合的稀释浓度(选择10-7)。
喷膜剂喷雾消杀:向含有新冠病毒S蛋白的培养皿底部喷对照生理盐水以及本发明喷膜剂,静止60min,分别收集皿底病毒。
消杀效果验证:分为3组,1)空白组(BEAS2B细胞未经任何处理),2)病毒侵染对照组(BEAS2B中添加经生理盐水喷雾处理后的病毒收集液)、消杀病毒侵染对照组 (BEAS2B中添加经本喷膜剂喷雾处理后的病毒收集液),分别在侵染2h、5h观察细胞状态。
结果如图7所示,图7中A为空白组,未侵染病毒的BEAS2B细胞状态(100×),由图7中A可知BEAS2B细胞贴壁,形态完全展开,形态饱满。图7中B侵染病毒2h BEAS2B细胞状态(100×),图7中C侵染病毒5h BEAS2B细胞状态(100×)。
在病毒侵染BEAS2B细胞中,生理盐水并未不能抑制新冠病毒对细胞的侵染作用,病毒侵染后随着时间的增加,BEAS2B细胞形态变圆,立体感下降,平铺在壁上,易脱落,颗粒增加,杂质变多。
图7中D实施例1喷膜剂消杀后,侵染病毒2h BEAS2B细胞状态(100×);
图7中E实施例1喷膜剂消杀后,侵染病毒5h BEAS2B细胞状态(100×);
由图7中D和E可知,经过实施例1喷膜剂消杀后,BEAS2B细胞状态状态良好,不论是2h还是5h,基本与未侵染细胞状态相似,因此实施例1喷膜剂可以长时间起到对新冠病毒的抑制作用,防止其进入肺部和粘膜细胞。
9、喷膜剂吸收时间实验验证
取雄性大鼠麻醉,用剪刀去毛,剥离背部皮肤,分离皮下脂肪组织,生理盐水洗净。将大鼠皮肤固定在扩散池的一端,使皮肤角质层面向给药室,将0.5mL喷膜剂均匀喷于皮肤角质面,装好装置,使皮肤与接收液接触(接收液为150mL生理盐水,37℃恒温搅拌,速度为50r/min),每1小时取接触液1次,每次取8mL,取8次,取接触液同时补充同体积接触液。检测取样样本浓度,计算关键成分苯扎溴铵的浓度,从而计算出累积透皮量及透皮率。
苯扎溴铵不同时间的累积透皮量及透皮率
| 时间(h) | 累积透皮量(ug/mL) | 累积透皮率(%) |
| 1 | 1.19±0.12 | 0.66±0.16 |
| 2 | 3.81±0.45 | 2.12±0.51 |
| 3 | 6.22±0.67 | 3.46±0.78 |
| 4 | 10.03±1.14 | 5.57±1.12 |
| 5 | 12.29±1.48 | 6.83±1.39 |
| 6 | 15.64±2.63 | 8.69±1.58 |
| 7 | 17.48±2.20 | 9.71±2.04 |
| 8 | 20.07±3.19 | 11.15±2.98 |
10、喷膜剂透气性效果验证
取6块1.5cm2的人造皮肤,随机分2组,其中1组喷成膜剂,另一组不喷,使用氧气透过率测试系统检测氧气通过量。
各组氧气通过量表
| 喷成膜剂组cm<sup>3</sup>/(cm<sup>3</sup>*24h) | 未喷成膜剂组cm<sup>3</sup>/(cm<sup>3</sup>*24h) |
| 18522.38±355.22 | 19189.04±225.48 |
喷膜剂透气性效果结果如图8所示,由图可知喷成膜剂组和未喷成膜剂组氧气透过量无明显差异。
Claims (4)
1.一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂,其特征在于它由A、B和C相组分制成,上述三相体积比例为A:B:C=(4-6):(0.5-1.5):(4-6);
其中,A相由苯扎溴铵、冰片、薄荷脑、土温-80、95%乙醇和0.9%氯化钠组成;
B相为桉叶油;
C相由聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、羧甲基纤维素钠、血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和0.9%氯化钠组成;
所述的A相每500mL含有0.1-0.3 g苯扎溴铵、0.5-2g冰片、0.2-0.6g薄荷脑、15-24g土温-80、10mL的95%乙醇和余量的0.9%氯化钠;
所述的C相每500mL含有30-70g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、0.5-1g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、5-10g羧甲基纤维素钠、20-40mg血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、10-30mg乙二胺四乙酸二钠和余量0.9%氯化钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂,其特征在于每500mL的A相中含有0.2 -0.3g苯扎溴铵、1-2g冰片、0.3-0.5g薄荷脑、18-22g土温-80、10mL的95%乙醇和余量的0.9%氯化钠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂,其特征在于每500mL的C相中含有40-60g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、0.8-1g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、8-10g羧甲基纤维素钠、30-40mg血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂、20-30mg乙二胺四乙酸二钠和余量0.9%氯化钠。
4.制备权利要求1、2或3所述的一种靶向、缓释、成膜抑制病毒、细菌的鼻腔喷膜剂的方法,其特征在于它是按照以下步骤进行的:
一、制备A相
1)冰片、薄荷脑用95%乙醇完全溶解后,加入土温-80混合,制得A溶液;
2)向A溶液中加入苯扎溴铵均匀分散;
3)最后用0.9%氯化钠定溶,磁力搅拌混合均匀,分装即得A相;
二、制备C相
4)将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧甲基纤维素钠用0.9%氯化钠完全溶解,得B溶液;
5)向B溶液中加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘、血管紧张素酶Ⅱ抑制剂和乙二胺四乙酸二钠,磁力搅拌混合均匀;
6)最后用0.9%氯化钠定溶500mL混合均匀,分装即得C相;
三、制备喷膜剂
7)将B相边搅拌边加入A相中,待完全加完后,采用均质机将液体彻底均质,形成油包水悬浊液;
8)向油包水悬浊液中加入C相,并搅拌均质进行微乳化,脱气,形成水包油包水的均一鼻喷膜剂;
其中,A相:B相:C相的体积比为(4-6):(0.5-1.5):(4-6);B相为桉叶油。
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| CN104606137A (zh) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-05-13 | 江苏迪沃生物制品有限公司 | 一种抗菌修复型鼻腔喷雾剂 |
| CN104619345A (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-05-13 | 罗达制药有限公司 | 液体制剂 |
| CN106361816A (zh) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-01 | 广东罗浮山国药股份有限公司 | 一种伤口消毒喷膜剂及其制备方法 |
| CN106727320A (zh) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏长泰药业有限公司 | 一种用于修复鼻粘膜、降低过敏反应、抗炎作用的组合物 |
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| US20100272769A1 (en) * | 2005-08-03 | 2010-10-28 | Amcol International | Virus-, Bacteria-, and Fungi-Interacting Layered Phyllosilicates and Methods of Use |
| EP1837020A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-26 | Bioalliance Pharma | Mucosal bioadhesive slow release carrier for delivering active principles |
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| CN104619345A (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2015-05-13 | 罗达制药有限公司 | 液体制剂 |
| CN104606137A (zh) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-05-13 | 江苏迪沃生物制品有限公司 | 一种抗菌修复型鼻腔喷雾剂 |
| CN106361816A (zh) * | 2016-08-27 | 2017-02-01 | 广东罗浮山国药股份有限公司 | 一种伤口消毒喷膜剂及其制备方法 |
| CN106727320A (zh) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏长泰药业有限公司 | 一种用于修复鼻粘膜、降低过敏反应、抗炎作用的组合物 |
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