CN111799096B - 一种微型超级电容器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种微型超级电容器及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111799096B CN111799096B CN202010788287.4A CN202010788287A CN111799096B CN 111799096 B CN111799096 B CN 111799096B CN 202010788287 A CN202010788287 A CN 202010788287A CN 111799096 B CN111799096 B CN 111799096B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tbt
- electrode
- thieno
- pyrrole
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[2,3-c]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=C2SC=CC2=C1 PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NMHJSJRQEDLCQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC1=C(SC=C1[Si](C)(C)C)C#C Chemical compound BrC1=C(SC=C1[Si](C)(C)C)C#C NMHJSJRQEDLCQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- HNAGTQZCHAXEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1C=2C(C=C1)=CSC2.N2C=CC=C2 Chemical compound S1C=2C(C=C1)=CSC2.N2C=CC=C2 HNAGTQZCHAXEGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 12
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005691 oxidative coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004271 bone marrow stromal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=CC2=C1C=CS2 VJYJJHQEVLEOFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型的交联聚合物薄膜结构作为微型超级电容器电极,该薄膜为吡咯‑噻吩并[3,4‑b]噻吩(TbT)共聚物薄膜(即Py‑co‑TbT),其能够显示出高的比容,循环稳定性非常好,经过2000次充放电循环后,比容量仍保持在1400 mAh·g‑1以上。这种多组分共聚物有潜力成为下一代长寿命,高性能的微型超级电容器电极耐久材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电化学领域,尤其是涉及超级电容器领域。
背景技术
聚吡咯(PPy)具有窄的带隙,具有比其他聚合物更高的电导率,同时有机半导体具有易于加工和可塑性,PPy可以与多种无机材料结合形成具有优异性能的杂化材料。导电聚合物PPy已应用于许多领域,例如超级电容器,锂离子电池,电致变色器件,功能化电极和光电器件等,并且在电子,光学和光电转换设备等领域的发展中具有优异的机械柔韧性和可变电导率的优点,因此成为一种功能材料具有出色的性能。
到目前为止,PPy已经成功地用于能量存储和转换设备(例如超级电容器)的电极中。微型超级电容器(MSC)具有功率密度高,充放电速度快,寿命长等优点,在微电子领域的潜在应用受到了广泛的关注。值得注意的是,在MSC的开发中遇到的困难之一是,对于宏观超级电容器可以忽略的物理效应在微观尺度上变得突出,也就是说,与同类型的宏观设备相比,微设备的性能通常比宏设备的性能差很多。微设备对于材料的要求更高,其必须能够在相对脆弱的微设备中发挥更好的性能。
发明内容
为适应微设备对材料的高要求,本发明设计了一种三维交联共聚物,吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩(TbT)共聚物薄膜(即Py-co-TbT,Pyrrole-co-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene),交联聚合物具有良好的机械性能,热稳定性,耐磨性,耐溶剂性和抗蠕变性,其能够在加工制备微型超级电容器的过程中显示出独特的优势,这种以交联共聚物为电极的新型MSC在电极的聚合物链中具有更稳定的三维网络结构,这使其在比容量和循环稳定性方面更具特异性。
一种微型超级电容器(MSC)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)合成噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩(TbT);
2)合成吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜(Py-co-TbT);
将Au喷涂在PET薄膜的表面,通过离子溅射作为柔性基板电极,然后将该电极放置在电化学电解池中作为工作电极;通过在三电极系统中进行阳极氧化来制备Py-co-TbT膜,其中使用Pt作为对电极,使用饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,并使用涂覆有导电层的PET柔性基板作为工作电极,得到Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料;
3)激光加工Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料制备微型超级电容器;
在空气中蚀刻Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料,通过激光去除多余的部分,以制成所需的叉指式电极图案;使用6个微指电极,每个微指电极长3mm,宽0.5mm,两个相邻的电极相隔0.3mm;以导电银胶作为外部电路,将铜箔连接到Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料的两端;将透明的液态LiCl/PVA凝胶电解质放在叉指电极上,得到微型超级电容器。
所述凝胶电解质的制备方法如下:将2g的PVA添加到20mL的去离子水中,将5M的LiCl添加到该溶液中,在磁力搅拌下,将温度逐渐升高到90℃,油浴反应4小时后,获得透明液体LiCl/PVA凝胶电解质。
合成噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩(TbT)的方法包括:在氩气下,将450mL干燥乙醚和133mmol 3-溴-4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔基噻吩混合,将该溶液在-78℃搅拌30分钟,缓慢滴加58.6mL正丁基锂的乙二醇溶液,正丁基锂浓度为2.4M,滴加过程中保持溶液温度低于-75℃,加完后,将溶液在-78℃下搅拌2小时,将溶液温热至约-45℃搅拌1小时后,在10分钟内缓慢地加入141mmol硫单质,并使反应混合物升温至约-35℃,使溶液变为澄清黄色,再将反应混合物冷却至-45℃,搅拌2小时,在30分钟内将反应混合物缓慢升温至-10℃,然后将反应混合物与饱和氯化钠盐水混合,在-5℃下反复萃取,合并萃取所得盐水得到混合盐水,于氩气下将混合盐水加热至70℃,搅拌1h,冷却至室温后,用乙醚萃取产物,合并醚层,经无水MgSO4干燥并在真空下蒸发,得到噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩无色液体。步骤2)中,施加1.1V的电压,由5mM EDOT和5mM TbT,0.05M LiClO4乙腈溶液合成共聚物Py-co-TbT。其中,Py和TbT的摩尔比为3.9-4.4:1。根据所述的制备方法得到的微型超级电容器。
有益效果:
噻吩[3,4-b]噻吩(TbT)具有三个可以进行氧化偶联的开放α位,TbT的存在使其在聚合过程中产生较多的交联点,本发明通过控制共聚物的组成以及噻吩并噻吩与吡咯的比例控制共聚物结构的三维交联程度,使π电子共轭导电性能得到改善,同时,使交联聚合物的机械性能,热稳定性,耐磨性,耐溶剂性和抗蠕变性将得到不同程度的改善。这些特性使交联聚合物在用于微器件的制造时显示出独特的优势。这种以交联共聚物薄膜为电极的新型MSC在电极的聚合物链中具有更稳定的三维网络结构,且调控后的三维交联度使得其在比容量和循环稳定性方面更具特异性。
附图说明:
图1:10mM Py,10mM TbT以及5mM TbT和5mM Py共聚物在LiClO4/CH3CN中的起始氧化电位。
图2:Py-co-TbT电极的SEM和元素映射。
图3:Py-co-TbT电极的EDS分析。
图4:Py,TbT和Py-co-TbT的典型电流-电压(IV)曲线。
图5:叉指电极的制备和Py-co-TbT@PET MSC的制备示意图。
图6:Py-co-TbT@PET MSC的照片,插图是Py-co-TbT@PET MSC弯曲状态的照片。
图7:A)基于Py,TbT和Py-co-TbT电极的微超级电容器在不同电流密度下的比电容。B)基于Py,TbT和Py-co-TbT电极的微型超级电容器的Ragone图。C)基于Py,TbT和Py-co-TbT电极的微型超级电容器在4A·g-1时的循环稳定性。D)基于Py,TbT和Py-co-TbT电极的微型超级电容器的奈奎斯特图。
表征方式
用扫描电子显微镜(SEM,JSM-7001F)表征样品的形貌,并在TecnaiG2 20ST(T20)上以100kV的加速电压获得X射线能谱图(EDS)。
电化学测量
使用LiCl/PVA凝胶电解质测试了Py-co-TbT@PET MSC的电化学性能。以下几种电化学测试方法用于表征Py-co-TbT@PET MSC的电化学性能,包括CHI660E电化学工作站上的循环伏安法(CV),恒电流充放电(GCD)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)(上海晨华有限公司)。进行CV和GCD电化学测试时,电压窗口为0-1.0V。EIS是在0.01到100,000Hz的频率范围内以0.01V振幅的AC电压测量的。MSC的区域(A)为:
A=n×L×W (1)
其中A是Py-co-TbT@PET MSC的总面积,n是MSC指状电极的总数,L是指状电极的长度,W是指状电极的宽度。根据上面的公式,可以计算出MSC的总面积为9mm2;根据恒电流充放电测量,该比表面积电容可通过以下公式计算:
其中,I是放电电流,Δt代表放电时间,ΔV代表放电过程中的电压变化(不包括IR降);我们可以使用公式(3)和(4)分别计算Py-co-TbT@PET MSC的能量密度E和功率密度P。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种Py-co-TbT@PET MSC的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)合成噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩(TbT)
在氩气下,在装有温度计的1000mL圆底三颈烧瓶中装入450mL干燥乙醚和34.4g(133mmol)3-溴-4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔基噻吩。将该溶液保持在-78℃的温度并再搅拌30分钟,然后在1小时内通过注射器缓慢滴加58.6mL的正丁基锂(在乙二醇中为2.4M,141mmol)。同时保持溶液温度低于-75℃。加完后,将溶液在-78℃下搅拌2小时,然后将溶液温热至约-45℃(大约需要1小时才能达到)。将反应混合物再搅拌一小时,同时保持-45℃的温度。然后在10分钟内通过固体加料漏斗将硫单质(4.54g,141mmol)缓慢地加入到烧瓶中,并使反应混合物升温至约-35℃以便完全溶解硫。大约10分钟后,添加硫磺后立即产生的最初浑浊的溶液已变为澄清黄色。然后将反应混合物冷却至-45℃,并继续搅拌另外的2小时。然后在30分钟内将反应混合物缓慢升温至-10℃,然后将250mL反应混合物添加到装有冷却套的500mL分液漏斗中,该冷却套包含保持在-5的盐水/冰混合物℃。应当注意的是,分液漏斗首先装有200mL盐水,然后在萃取前将该溶液冷却至-5℃。在萃取过程中,水层在30秒钟后变成浑浊的黄色。在此阶段分离各层。在第一次盐水洗涤之后,然后对第二部分(250mL)与新鲜盐水(200mL)重复相同的过程。然后将盐水层合并并置于氩气下的单口1000mL圆底烧瓶中,然后将该溶液加热至70℃,并在该温度下搅拌1h。冷却至室温后,用乙醚(4×300mL)萃取产物,然后合并醚层,经无水MgSO4干燥并在真空下蒸发。粗产物(12.8g)使用真空蒸馏纯化,最后收集到11.3g(61%的产率)的噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩无色液体。(收集馏分的温度范围是38至45℃,在0.05Torr下收集);
2)合成吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜(Py-co-TbT)
将Au喷涂在PET薄膜的表面,通过离子溅射作为柔性基板电极,然后将该电极放置在电化学电解池中作为工作电极;通过在三电极系统中进行阳极氧化来制备Py-co-TbT膜,其中使用Pt作为对电极,使用饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,并使用涂覆有导电层的PET柔性基板作为工作电极,施加1.1V(vs.SCE)的电压,由5mM Py和5mM TbT,0.05M LiClO4乙腈溶液合成共聚物Py-co-TbT,其中,Py和TbT的摩尔比为4.2:1,得到Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料;
3)激光加工Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料制备微型超级电容器在空气中蚀刻Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料,通过激光去除多余的部分,以制成所需的叉指式电极图案;使用6个微指电极,每个微指电极长3mm,宽0.5mm,两个相邻的电极相隔0.3mm;以导电银胶作为外部电路,将铜箔连接到Py-co-TbT和PET复合材料的两端;将2g的PVA添加到20mL的去离子水中,将5M的LiCl添加到该溶液中,在磁力搅拌下,将温度逐渐升高到90℃,油浴反应4小时后,获得透明液体LiCl/PVA凝胶电解质。将透明的液态LiCl/PVA凝胶电解质放在叉指电极上,得到微型超级电容器。
对比例1:
参照实施例1的方法制备PPy@PET MSC,其中,步骤2)通过施加1.1V(vs.SCE)的电压,从10mM吡咯和0.05M LiClO4乙腈溶液中进行PPy沉积。
对比例2:
参照实施例1的方法制备PTbT@PET MSC,其中,步骤2)通过施加1.1V(vs.SCE)的电压,从10mM TbT和0.05M LiClO4乙腈溶液中进行PTbT沉积。
对比例3:
参照实施例1的方法制备Py-co-TbT@PET MSC,其中,步骤2)Py和TbT的摩尔比为4.5:1。
对比例4:
参照实施例1的方法制备Py-co-TbT@PET MSC,其中,步骤2)Py和TbT的摩尔比为3.8:1。
根据图1,包含对比例1(10mM Py)和对比例2(10mM TbT)的溶液显示出与实施例1(5mM Py和5mM TbT)完全不同的起始氧化电位,这表明两个独立的单体之间存在相互作用,导致形成由重复的Py和TbT组成的新共聚物单元。Py-co-TbT聚合物的链结构产生具有稳定结构的交联结,这是由于TbT分子的三个开放的α位用于氧化偶联。
扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像提供了有关共聚物膜的表面结构和形态的重要信息。通过Py-co-TbT共聚物薄膜上进行元素分析验证了所制备共聚物的元素含量。图2中的结果清楚地表明,元素C,元素N和元素S均匀地分散在共聚物膜中。从图3的能谱中,我们进一步证实Py-co-TbT共聚物仅包含C,N,O和S元素,Au元素通过气相沉积在共聚物表面形成Au纳米颗粒,以提高样品的电导率,以便更好地在SEM中观察样品。对PPy,PTbT和Py-co-TbT共聚物三个样品进行EDS元素分析,结果表明,PPy膜中的C和N的含量比为约4.03:1,PTbT膜中的C和S的含量比为约3.08:1。这些比率与其理论值非常吻合。此外,在EDS数据中包含N和S元素表明共聚物Py-co-TbT由两种单体Py和TbT组成。Py-co-TbT共聚物中两种单体(Py和TbT)的比例的计算方法如下:a:2b=12.38(N):6.47(S)。因此,Py(a)与TbT(b)的数量比约为4:1。
通过测量电流(I)和偏置电压(V)之间的关系,研究了三种聚合物PPy,PTbT和Py-co-TbT的电性能。根据图4插图所示的方法进行了电性能测试。将这些聚合物膜夹在两个Pt片之间以形成夹心结构,并确保两个Pt片完全不接触。在所有测量中均观察到线性的I–V曲线,表明聚合物膜与Pt电极之间具有良好欧姆接触。这些聚合物薄膜的典型I–V曲线表明PPy,PTbT和Py-co-TbT的电导率分别约为0.063S m-1、0.022S m-1和0.082S m-1,Py-co-TbT交联聚合物表现出半导体特性以及更优的导电性。这是由于TbT具有三个α位参与共聚,通过控制TbT与吡咯的比例可以使共聚物在聚合过程中形成更大且稳定的连续网络结构,从而产生有效的π电子体系,同时具有较好的机械性能,热稳定性,耐磨性,耐溶剂性和抗蠕变性。这些特性为共聚物Py-co-TbT在微电容器电极中发挥更好的作用奠定了基础。
根据图7,相比于Py和TbT,基于Py-co-TbT电极的微超级电容器在不同电流密度下的比电容,在4A·g-1时的循环稳定性均显示出更优的性能。值得注意的是,控制TbT与吡咯的比例对于微型超级电容器的循环稳定性具有重要影响,实施例1所得微型超级电容器经过2000次充放电循环后,比容量仍保持在47.8mF·cm-2以上,对比例3和4与实施例1的差别仅为改变了TbT与吡咯的比例,所得到的微型超级电容器的循环稳定性显著下降,对比例3和4分别下降到1500次和1200次,可见,对于三维交联程度的控制对于微型超级电容器的循环稳定性具有重要影响。
Claims (4)
1.一种微型超级电容器的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)合成噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩(TbT);
2)合成吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜(Py-co-TbT);
通过离子溅射Au到PET薄膜的表面,得到柔性基板电极,然后将该电极放置在电化学电解池中作为工作电极;通过在三电极系统中进行阳极氧化来制备吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜,其中使用Pt作为对电极,使用饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极,并使用溅射有Au的柔性基板电极作为工作电极,得到吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜和PET复合材料;
3)激光加工吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜和PET复合材料制备微型超级电容器;
在空气中蚀刻吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜和PET复合材料,通过激光去除多余的部分,以制成所需的叉指式电极图案;使用6个微指电极,每个微指电极长3mm,宽0.5mm,两个相邻的电极相隔0.3mm;以导电银胶作为外部电路,将铜箔连接到吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜和PET复合材料的两端;将透明的液态LiCl/PVA凝胶电解质放在叉指电极上,得到微型超级电容器;
合成噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩(TbT)的方法包括:在氩气下,将450mL干燥乙醚和133mmol 3-溴-4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔基噻吩混合,将该溶液在-78℃搅拌30分钟,缓慢滴加58.6mL正丁基锂的乙二醇溶液,正丁基锂浓度为2.4M,滴加过程中保持溶液温度低于-75℃,加完后,将溶液在-78℃下搅拌2小时,将溶液温热至约-45℃搅拌1小时后,在10分钟内缓慢地加入141mmol硫单质,并使反应混合物升温至约-35℃,使溶液变为澄清黄色,再将反应混合物冷却至-45℃,搅拌2小时,在30分钟内将反应混合物缓慢升温至-10℃,然后将反应混合物与饱和氯化钠盐水混合,在-5℃下反复萃取,合并萃取所得盐水得到混合盐水,于氩气下将混合盐水加热至70℃,搅拌1h,冷却至室温后,用乙醚萃取产物,合并醚层,经无水MgSO4干燥并在真空下蒸发,得到噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩无色液体。
2.权利要求1所述的微型超级电容器的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述凝胶电解质的制备方法如下:将2g的PVA添加到20mL的去离子水中,将5M的LiCl添加到该溶液中,在磁力搅拌下,将温度逐渐升高到90℃,油浴反应4小时后,获得透明液体LiCl/PVA凝胶电解质。
3.权利要求1所述的微型超级电容器的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤2)中,施加1.1V的电压,由5mM Py和5mM TbT,0.05M LiClO4乙腈溶液合成吡咯-噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩共聚物薄膜,其中,Py和TbT的摩尔比为3.9-4.4:1。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的制备方法得到的微型超级电容器。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010788287.4A CN111799096B (zh) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | 一种微型超级电容器及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010788287.4A CN111799096B (zh) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | 一种微型超级电容器及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111799096A CN111799096A (zh) | 2020-10-20 |
| CN111799096B true CN111799096B (zh) | 2021-06-25 |
Family
ID=72828883
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010788287.4A Expired - Fee Related CN111799096B (zh) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | 一种微型超级电容器及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN111799096B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114284079B (zh) * | 2021-12-12 | 2022-12-27 | 浙江大学 | 一种基于过渡金属化合物的叉指微型超级电容器制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101492545B (zh) * | 2009-02-17 | 2011-04-06 | 武汉工程大学 | 超级电容器用聚吡咯/聚噻吩衍生物复合导电高分子材料的制备方法 |
| WO2011088010A2 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-21 | University Of Connecticut | Thermally stable conducting polymers, methods of making, and methods of use thereof |
| CN102779647B (zh) * | 2012-07-16 | 2015-02-25 | 东华大学 | 超级电容器用吡咯/3-(4-叔丁基苯)噻吩共聚物的制备方法 |
| CN106449134B (zh) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-10-19 | 北京大学 | 一种基于激光图形化的自由式微型超级电容器及制造方法 |
| CN106653394B (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-06-01 | 吉林大学 | 吡咯与3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩共聚纳米线阵列及制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-08-07 CN CN202010788287.4A patent/CN111799096B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111799096A (zh) | 2020-10-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhao et al. | A self-healing hydrogel electrolyte for flexible solid-state supercapacitors | |
| Zhu et al. | Electrochemical performance of polyaniline-coated γ-MnO2 on carbon cloth as flexible electrode for supercapacitor | |
| Alexandre et al. | A highly adhesive PIL/IL gel polymer electrolyte for use in flexible solid state supercapacitors | |
| Wang et al. | All-climate aqueous fiber-shaped supercapacitors with record areal energy density and high safety | |
| Chen et al. | Extremely strong and tough polythiophene composite for flexible electronics | |
| Anothumakkool et al. | Novel scalable synthesis of highly conducting and robust PEDOT paper for a high performance flexible solid supercapacitor | |
| Hara et al. | Free-standing gel-like polypyrrole actuators doped with bis (perfluoroalkylsulfonyl) imideexhibiting extremely large strain | |
| Dai et al. | Quadruple thiophene based electrochromic electrodeposited film as high performance hybrid energy storage system | |
| Wang et al. | Integrated flexible supercapacitor based on poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) deposited on Au/porous polypropylene film/Au | |
| CN101443857B (zh) | 高电子电导率聚合物及使用该聚合物的高容量、高功率的电化学能量存储装置 | |
| Cho et al. | PEDOT-modified laser-scribed graphene films as bginder–and metallic current collector–free electrodes for large-sized supercapacitors | |
| Yu et al. | Mixed ion-electron conductive binders coupling superior stiffness and toughness establish dual crosslinking stable silicon anodes | |
| Ponkratov et al. | Synthesis of novel families of conductive cationic poly (ionic liquid) s and their application in all-polymer flexible pseudo-supercapacitors | |
| Ye et al. | Novel multi-block conductive binder with polybutadiene for Si anodes in lithium-ion batteries | |
| Mo et al. | Alkyl functionalized bithiophene end-capped with 3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene units: synthesis, electropolymerization and the capacitive properties of their polymers | |
| Zuo et al. | Enhanced performance of a novel gel polymer electrolyte by dual plasticizers | |
| Alcaraz-Espinoza et al. | Supramolecular assembly of nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogels by hydrotropic agents for outstanding supercapacitive energy storage | |
| Huo et al. | Quaternary ammonium functionalized poly (arylene ether sulfone)/poly (vinylpyrrolidone) composite membranes for electrical double-layer capacitors with activated carbon electrodes | |
| Xu et al. | Preparation of TEMPO-contained pyrrole copolymer by in situ electrochemical polymerization and its electrochemical performances as cathode of lithium ion batteries | |
| Xu et al. | Stress-dissipated conductive polymer binders for high-stability silicon anode in lithium-ion batteries | |
| Wang et al. | Polypyrrole-coated hollow zeolite microcake as sulfur host for lithium‑sulfur batteries with improved electrochemical behaviors | |
| CN111799096B (zh) | 一种微型超级电容器及其制备方法 | |
| Li et al. | Preparation of DAD conjugated polymers based on [1, 2, 5] thiadiazolo [3, 4-c] pyridine and thiophene derivatives and their electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries | |
| Xu et al. | High water-retaining, antifreeze micro-supercapacitor without encapsulation for all-weather | |
| Wang et al. | Polyoxometalate-based flexible conductive materials with superionic conductivity |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20210625 |