CN111795977A - Online real-time monitoring system of various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring devices for metal additive manufacturing, which comprises: the high-speed camera detection module is used for detecting the three-dimensional profile precision of the additive manufacturing part and the molten pool profile; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for detecting the deflection angle of the laser; the thermal infrared imager detection module is used for detecting the temperature of the molten pool; the approaching visible hyperspectral camera detection module is used for detecting a molten pool, and spatial information and spectral information of sputtering; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used for acquiring a two-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additive manufacturing part; the stress-strain detection module monitors stress-strain data of the additive manufacturing part; the laser ultrasonic detection module is matched with the rotary processing table to detect the surface and near-surface defects of the additive manufacturing part; the electronic computer tomography module is matched with the rotary processing table to detect the internal defects and the internal geometric outline of the additive manufacturing part; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used for determining the material composition and content of the additive manufacturing part; and the central processing unit feeds back the processing error and the metallurgical defect to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after finding the processing error and the metallurgical defect. The invention can substantially improve the quality of the finished product.

Description

Online real-time monitoring system of various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing

technical field

The invention relates to the field of metal additive manufacturing, in particular to an online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing.

Background technique

Additive manufacturing is regarded as a new growth point for future industrial development. Under the mutual promotion of governments and markets, additive manufacturing technology has developed by a qualitative leap, but it has not yet formed a large-scale industrial application. During the manufacturing process, the performance and manufacturing accuracy of the molded parts will be substandard to a certain extent. The current yield of SLM products is about 70%, and the low yield has seriously affected the process of large-scale industrial application of additive manufacturing. The main reason for this is that there is not yet a substantial and reliable solution to the process repeatability and quality reliability issues during processing. At present, in the aerospace field, since the devices are mostly large-sized components, it takes a few days to several months. Therefore, the reliability of quality is particularly important. Real-time detection devices or equipment are urgently needed to monitor the additive manufacturing process and perform feedback processing, so as to conduct targeted regulation of the processing process to optimize the entire processing process in real time and improve the final yield of components. and print quality. Therefore, many research institutions at home and abroad have carried out research on it in recent years. At present, NASA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, etc. have carried out research on online monitoring of workpiece morphology and contour in the process of additive manufacturing of large aerospace parts and complex industrial parts. . German EOS, German SLMSolutions, American 3Dsystems, etc. have conducted research on additive manufacturing sample processing materials; Belgian University of Leuven, German RWTH Aachen University, Finland Lappeenranta University of Technology, etc. The online monitoring of temperature field and the feedback control of process parameters were studied; the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany, the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Spain, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the United States conducted online and offline ultrasonic testing of additive samples Internal defect research; Tsinghua University, Carnegie Mellon University in the United States, University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, and Monash University in Australia have conducted offline X-ray inspection of additive sample defects. However, at present, control equipment that takes into account all-round online monitoring and feedback is still very scarce. During the additive manufacturing process, fluctuations in process parameters and external environment may cause various metallurgical defects in local areas inside the part, such as interlayer and inter-passage. Local lack of fusion, entrapment and precipitation pores, inclusions, cracks, stress concentration, warping deformation, etc., and ultimately affect the internal quality, mechanical properties and service safety of the formed parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing, which is intended to solve the problem that the existing monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing cannot find the cause of processing defects in time due to incomplete information obtained. .

The present invention is realized in this way:

The invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing, including a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, an infrared thermal imager detection module, a near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module, and an interference imaging spectrometer detection module. a module, a stress-strain detection module, a laser ultrasonic detection module, an electronic computed tomography scanning module, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module, and a central processing unit, each of which is electrically connected to the central processing unit;

The high-speed camera detection module is used for real-time detection of the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool profile of the additively manufactured parts and fed back to the central processing unit; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for real-time detection and feedback of the deflection angle of the laser to the central processing unit; the infrared thermal imager detection module is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit; the near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module is used to detect the molten pool, sputtering and the surrounding environment The spatial information and spectral information are detected in real time and fed back to the central processing unit; the interferometric imaging spectrometer detection module is used to obtain a series of interference patterns that vary with the optical path difference by using the interference principle, and obtain the second part of the additively manufactured part through inversion. 3D space image and 1D spectral information are fed back to the central processing unit; the stress and strain detection module is used to obtain the stress and strain data of the additively manufactured part during processing by using the stress and strain sensor and feed it back to the central processing unit; the laser ultrasonic wave The detection module cooperates with the rotary processing table for real-time detection of surface and near-surface defects of the additively manufactured parts and feeds them back to the central processing unit; the electronic computed tomography scanning module cooperates with the rotary processing table to detect the internal defects of the additively manufactured parts and feedback it to the central processing unit; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used to determine the material composition and content of the additively manufactured part and feed it back to the central processing unit; the central processing unit is used to combine the information fed back by the above detection modules with their settings. The processing error and metallurgical defects are found and then fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so as to realize the real-time control of the processing process.

Further, the central processing unit is also used to form the accuracy-temperature of the processing process according to the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool contour of the additively manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module and the molten pool temperature information fed back by the infrared thermal imager detection module. The relationship is compared with the set accuracy-temperature curve, and the comparison result is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end to adjust the processing temperature and laser moving speed to the optimal value of the combination of the two.

Further, the central processing unit is also used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool contour of the additively manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, and the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional image of the additively manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module. The spectral information and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the laser ultrasonic inspection module locate the surface defects of the additive manufacturing part, and feed the positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end.

Further, the central processing unit is also used for the second part of the additively manufactured part according to the spatial information and spectral information of the molten pool, sputtering and surrounding environment fed back by the detection module of the near-visible hyperspectral camera, and the detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer. The complete one-dimensional spectrum, two-dimensional image and three-dimensional graphics of the additively manufactured part are obtained after molding and imaging with one-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information.

Further, the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulation on the various physical quantities collected by the above-mentioned detection modules, completes the mapping in the virtual space, and then establishes a digital twin model, and generates a corresponding metal additive manufacturing process through the model. The modification information of the terminal, and the modification information is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing terminal in real time for real-time regulation.

Further, the infrared thermal imager detection module includes an infrared thermal imager, the infrared thermal imager is placed above the metal additively fabricated cavity, and a part of the cavity in front of the infrared thermal imager is made of sapphire material.

Further, the visible spectrometer detection module includes a visible spectrometer, and the visible spectrometer is placed in the metal additive manufacturing cavity.

Further, the interferometric imaging spectrometer detection module includes an interferometric imaging spectrometer, and the interferometric imaging spectrometer is placed on the outside of the metal additive manufacturing cavity and a part of the cavity in front of the interferometric imaging spectrometer is made of plexiglass.

Further, the laser ultrasonic detection module includes a laser transmitter and an ultrasonic detector, and the laser ultrasonic detection module is placed on the outer side of the metal additively fabricated cavity, and part of the cavity in front of it is made of Glass WindowsDK7 material.

Further, the inner side of part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module is coated with an anti-reflection coating.

Further, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module includes a pulsed laser and a photoelectric converter, and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is placed on the outside of the metal additively fabricated cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of GlassWindowsDK7 material.

Further, the electronic computed tomography scanning module includes an X-ray transmitter, an X-ray receiving device and an imaging system, and the electronic computed tomography scanning module is placed on the outside of the metal additive manufacturing cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of organic materials. Glass.

Further, the stress and strain detection module includes a stress and strain gauge, and the stress and strain gauge is attached to the substrate and the additively manufactured part.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The on-line real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing provided by the present invention can collect various information in the process of metal additive manufacturing in an all-round way simultaneously and online through various monitoring equipment, which can greatly improve the performance of metal additive manufacturing parts. The detection accuracy in the printing process will ultimately improve the quality of finished parts, reduce waste of raw materials and reduce costs; through each detection module automatically feedback defect information, improve the timeliness of feedback, and then realize the collection of information from the metal additive manufacturing processing center, the central processing unit The closed-loop control of analyzing the collected data and feeding the error data back to the processing end of metal additive manufacturing greatly saves printing time and improves the efficiency of metal additive manufacturing.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic working diagram of an online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a closed-loop control flow chart of an online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an on-line real-time monitoring system of a metal additive manufacturing system and various monitoring devices thereof provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of reference numerals: 1-rotary processing table, 2-laser, 3-visible spectrometer, 4-interference imaging spectrometer, 5-infrared thermal imager, 6-high-speed industrial camera, 7-proximity-visible hyperspectral camera, 8-Laser ultrasonic detection module, 9-GlassWindowsDK7 material part cavity, 10-High transparent glass part cavity, 11-Sapphire material part cavity, 12-Plexiglas part cavity, 13-Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module, 14-electronic computed tomography scanning module, 15-cable, 16-central processing unit, 17-information feedback module, 18-stress and strain detection module, 19-X-ray receiving device.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , an embodiment of the present invention provides an online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing, including a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, an infrared thermal imager detection module, a proximity Visible hyperspectral camera detection module, interference imaging spectrometer detection module, stress-strain detection module, laser ultrasonic detection module, electronic computed tomography scanning module, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module and central processing unit, the above detection modules are all related to the central processing unit. The processor is electrically connected. The high-speed camera detection module is used for real-time detection of the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool contour of the additively manufactured part by capturing images and feeding it back to the central processing unit. The contour accuracy and weld pool plane defects are compared with the setting information, and after errors are found, they are fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize the regulation of the three-dimensional contour and weld pool contour of the additively manufactured part; the visible spectrometer The detection module is used to detect the deflection angle of the laser in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit compares the acquired deflection angle of the laser with the set value through a comparison algorithm, and feeds back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after finding errors. Modification is made to realize real-time regulation of the laser deflection angle; the infrared thermal imager detection module is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit. The laser intensity is calculated, the calculated laser intensity is compared with the set value, and the error is found and fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize real-time control of the laser intensity; the near-visible hyperspectral camera detects The module is used to detect the spatial information and spectral information of the molten pool, sputtering and surrounding environment in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit. The near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module can not only detect the external quality of the detected object, but also use the The hyperspectral technology detects the internal quality of the molten pool and sputtering, so that both inside and outside can be used to monitor the molten pool in the metal additive manufacturing process in an all-round way. The central processing unit compares the obtained spatial and spectral information with the settings. After comparing the values, the error is found and fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize real-time control of the quality of the molten pool; the interference imaging spectrometer detection module is used to obtain a series of interferences that vary with the optical path difference by using the interference principle. Pattern, obtain the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additively manufactured part through inversion and feed it back to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit compares the acquired two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additively manufactured part Compared with the set value, it is found that the difference is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so that the relevant processing process can be adjusted in real time; the stress and strain detection module is used to obtain the information of the additive manufacturing part in the processing process by using the stress and strain sensor. The stress and strain data are fed back to the central processing unit. The central processing unit compares the acquired stress and strain data of the additively manufactured part with the set value through the comparison algorithm, and then feeds back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end after finding the difference. Real-time control of the relevant processing process; the laser ultrasonic detection module cooperates with the rotary processing table to detect the surface and near-surface defects of the additively manufactured parts in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit. The acquired surface defects and material parameters of the additively manufactured parts are compared with the set values, and after the errors are found, they are fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the surface and near-surface defects of the additively manufactured parts. regulation; the electronic The computed tomography scanning module cooperates with the rotary processing table for real-time detection of the internal defects and internal geometric contours of the additively manufactured parts and feeds them back to the central processing unit. The internal geometric contour is compared with the existing pictures, and after errors are found, it is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize real-time correction of possible internal problems of the additively manufactured parts; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module It is used to detect the material composition and content of the additively manufactured parts in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit. Feedback to the metal additive manufacturing processing end for modification, so as to realize real-time regulation of the material composition and content parameters of the additively manufactured parts. Among them, each algorithm in the central processing unit can be written in python, and can also be written in other computer programming languages. The processing end of metal additive manufacturing is generally metal 3D printers and lasers, and can also include other control equipment.

The online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing provided by the embodiment of the present invention, through the simultaneous online and omni-directional collection of various information in the process of metal additive manufacturing through various monitoring equipment, can greatly improve the metal additive manufacturing process. The detection accuracy of the parts in the printing process will ultimately improve the yield of the finished parts, reduce the waste of raw materials and reduce the cost; automatically feedback defect information through each detection module, improve the timeliness of the feedback, and then realize the collection of information from the metal additive manufacturing process. The central processor analyzes the collected data and feeds back the error data to the closed-loop control of the metal additive manufacturing processing end, which greatly saves printing time and improves the efficiency of metal additive manufacturing.

Preferably, the central processing unit is further configured to form the accuracy-temperature of the processing process according to the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool contour of the additively manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module and the molten pool temperature information fed back by the infrared thermal imager detection module The relationship is compared with the set accuracy-temperature curve, and the comparison result is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end to adjust the processing temperature and laser moving speed to the optimal value of the combination of the two.

Preferably, the central processing unit is also used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool contour of the additively manufactured part fed back by the high-speed camera detection module, and the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional image of the additively manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module The spectral information and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additive manufacturing part fed back by the laser ultrasonic inspection module locate the surface defects of the additive manufacturing part, and feed back the positioning information to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so that the defects can be detected in the next processing. The part slows down the processing speed and improves the processing accuracy.

Preferably, the central processing unit is also used for the second part of the additively manufactured parts according to the spatial information and spectral information of the molten pool, sputtering and surrounding environment fed back by the detection module of the near-visible hyperspectral camera and the detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer. The complete one-dimensional spectrum, two-dimensional image and three-dimensional graphics of the additively manufactured part are obtained after molding and imaging of the one-dimensional space image and one-dimensional spectral information, which more completely reflects the characteristics of the additively manufactured part from one-dimensional to three-dimensional, which is convenient for the processing process. Make observations and research.

More preferably, the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulation on the various physical quantities collected by the above-mentioned detection modules, completes the mapping in the virtual space, and then establishes a digital twin model (Digital Twin), and generates a corresponding model through the model. The modification information on the metal additive manufacturing processing end, and the modification information is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing terminal in real time for real-time regulation. The modification information may specifically be the adjustment amount of the trajectory of the laser beam and the adjustment amount of the moving speed, the adjustment amount of the laser intensity, the adjustment amount of the deflection angle of the laser, and the like. As shown in Figure 2, through the mutual cooperation of each detection module, central processing unit and metal 3D printer, the closed-loop control of "printing-monitoring-feedback-modification-printing" is finally realized, and the all-round online real-time monitoring and control of the printing process is realized. adjust.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the online real-time monitoring system of the metal additive manufacturing system and its various monitoring equipment. The metal additive manufacturing system includes a metal additive manufacturing cavity, a metal 3D printer 1 and a laser 2 placed in the cavity. Except for the parts specified below, the rest of the cavity 10 is made of ordinary high-transparency glass. The high-speed camera detection module includes a high-speed industrial camera 6, and the high-speed industrial camera 6 is placed on the outer side of the metal additive manufacturing cavity. The infrared thermal imager detection module includes an infrared thermal imager 5, and the infrared thermal imager 5 is placed above the metal additive material cavity. It is not suitable to use ordinary glass. Part of the cavity 11 in front of the infrared thermal imager 5 in the embodiment of the present invention is made of sapphire material. Sapphire (Al ₂ O ₃ ) has very good light transmittance from near-ultraviolet to mid-infrared. With high mechanical strength, it can fully support the external cavity of metal additive manufacturing. The high light transmittance allows infrared rays to pass smoothly, effectively reducing measurement errors caused by optical errors, and making the infrared thermal imager 5 more accurate. Calculate data. The visible spectrometer detection module includes a visible spectrometer 3, and the visible spectrometer 3 is placed in a metal additive manufacturing cavity. The near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module includes a near-visible hyperspectral camera 7, and the near-visible hyperspectral camera 7 is placed above the metal additively fabricated cavity. The detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer 4 includes an interference imaging spectrometer 4, and the interference imaging spectrometer 4 is placed on the outside of the metal additive manufacturing cavity. Because ordinary glass will have a greater impact on the interference process of light, if the interference imaging spectrometer 4 is used in the interference imaging spectrometer. 4. The use of ordinary glass in the front will cause large errors in the measurement results. Part of the cavity 12 in front of the interference imaging spectrometer 4 in the embodiment of the present invention uses plexiglass. The optical properties of plexiglass (PMMA) make it less affected by light interference, and Its chemical stability, mechanical properties and weather resistance are all very good, which can minimize the optical error in the information acquisition process. The laser ultrasonic detection module 8 includes a laser transmitter and an ultrasonic detector. The laser ultrasonic detection module 8 is placed on the outside of the metal additive cavity. Due to the laser pulse of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 and the excitation after contact with the workpiece The ultrasonic wave has high requirements on the permeability of the cavity material. The part of the cavity 9 in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 in the embodiment of the present invention is made of Glass WindowsDK7 material, which can effectively reduce errors caused by laser reflection. Since the laser will cause certain damage to human eyes, in this preferred embodiment, an anti-reflection coating is coated on the inner side of a part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module 8 to protect the eyes of the inspection personnel. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module 13 includes a pulsed laser and a photoelectric converter. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is placed on the outside of the metal additively fabricated cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of Glass Windows DK7 material. The electronic computed tomography scanning module 14 includes an X-ray transmitter, an X-ray receiving device and an imaging system. The electronic computed tomography scanning module 14 is placed on the outside of the metal additive cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of plexiglass. , the X-ray transmitter emits X-rays to the X-ray receiving device 19 . The stress-strain detection module 18 includes a stress-strain gauge, and the stress-strain gauge is attached to the substrate and the additively-manufactured part, so as to obtain the stress-strain data of the additively-manufactured part during processing. According to the information collection characteristics of different monitoring devices, the embodiment of the present invention adopts different cavity materials in front of different devices, which effectively reduces errors such as optics and thermal energy, thereby improving detection accuracy.

Each of the above-mentioned detection modules further includes a cable for connecting the detection instrument to the central processing unit 14 and a fixing member for fixing the detection instrument. The monitoring system further includes an information feedback module 17, the information feedback module 17 is connected to the central processing unit 16 through the cable 15, the information collected by the above detection modules is transmitted to the central processing unit 16 through the cable 15, and the information processing of the central processing unit 16 is completed. It is then sent to the information feedback module 17 and fed back to the metal 3D printer 1 to achieve a closed-loop control, thereby improving the printing accuracy and printing quality, and can also store a large amount of error information to prepare for the next step of artificial intelligence learning and error correction.

In the process of metal additive manufacturing, since the laser processing is in a high-temperature and high-brightness environment, each monitoring system is mainly detected by the optical principle. When performing electronic computed tomography detection, laser ultrasonic detection, infrared thermal imaging detection, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection without decoupling, the molten pool can be avoided by appropriately delaying the measurement period to reduce interference. In order to avoid the influence of the heat source on the monitoring, when using the interference imaging spectrometer for three-dimensional contour detection, the single-wavelength (460nm) blue light is used as the projection light source, and the corresponding band filter is installed for decoupling; for the infrared feature detection of the molten pool, the same The shaft monitoring design and the narrow band-pass filter system are used for decoupling; for near-visible hyperspectral detection, the decoupling is carried out by the narrow band-pass filter system. This ensures that each monitoring system obtains accurate information without interfering with each other.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (13)

1. An online real-time monitoring system for a variety of monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing, characterized in that: including a high-speed camera detection module, a visible spectrometer detection module, an infrared thermal imager detection module, a near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module, an interference an imaging spectrometer detection module, a stress-strain detection module, a laser ultrasonic detection module, an electronic computed tomography scanning module, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module, and a central processing unit, each of which is electrically connected to the central processing unit; The high-speed camera detection module is used for real-time detection of the three-dimensional contour accuracy and molten pool profile of the additively manufactured parts and fed back to the central processing unit; the visible spectrometer detection module is used for real-time detection and feedback of the deflection angle of the laser to the central processing unit; the infrared thermal imager detection module is used to detect the temperature of the molten pool in real time and feed it back to the central processing unit; the near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module is used to detect the molten pool, sputtering and the surrounding environment The spatial information and spectral information are detected in real time and fed back to the central processing unit; the interferometric imaging spectrometer detection module is used to obtain a series of interference patterns that vary with the optical path difference by using the interference principle, and obtain the second part of the additively manufactured part through inversion. 3D space image and 1D spectral information are fed back to the central processing unit; the stress and strain detection module is used to obtain the stress and strain data of the additively manufactured part during processing by using the stress and strain sensor and feed it back to the central processing unit; the laser ultrasonic wave The detection module cooperates with the rotary processing table for real-time detection of surface and near-surface defects of the additively manufactured parts and feeds them back to the central processing unit; the electronic computed tomography scanning module cooperates with the rotary processing table to detect the internal defects of the additively manufactured parts and feedback it to the central processing unit; the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module is used to determine the material composition and content of the additively manufactured part and feed it back to the central processing unit; the central processing unit is used to combine the information fed back by the above detection modules with their settings. The processing error and metallurgical defects are found and then fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end, so as to realize the real-time control of the processing process. 2. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is further used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and The molten pool profile and the molten pool temperature information fed back by the infrared thermal imaging camera detection module form the precision-temperature relationship of the processing process, and are compared with the set precision-temperature curve, and the comparison results are fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end Then adjust the processing temperature and the laser moving speed to the optimal value of the combination of the two. 3. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is also used for the three-dimensional contour accuracy and The profile of the molten pool, the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additively manufactured part fed back by the interferometric imaging spectrometer detection module, and the surface and near-surface defect information of the additively manufactured part fed back by the laser ultrasonic detection module have an impact on the surface of the additively manufactured part The defects are located, and the positioning information is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing end. 4. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit is further configured to detect the molten pool and sputtering feedback from the near-visible hyperspectral camera detection module. As well as the spatial information and spectral information of the surrounding environment, as well as the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the additively manufactured part fed back by the interference imaging spectrometer detection module, the complete one-dimensional spectrum and two-dimensional image of the additively manufactured part are obtained after forming and imaging. and 3D graphics. 5. The online real-time monitoring system for various monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit performs multi-scale and multi-probability simulation on the various physical quantities collected by the above-mentioned detection modules, The mapping is completed in the virtual space, and then a digital twin model is established. The modification information corresponding to the metal additive manufacturing processing end is generated through the model, and the modification information is fed back to the metal additive manufacturing processing terminal in real time for real-time regulation. 6. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the infrared thermal imager detection module comprises an infrared thermal imager, and the infrared thermal imager is placed in the metal additive manufacturing system. Material The part of the cavity above and in front of the cavity is made of sapphire material. 7. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the visible spectrometer detection module comprises a visible spectrometer, and the visible spectrometer is placed in the metal additive manufacturing cavity in vivo. 8 . The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1 , wherein the detection module of the interference imaging spectrometer comprises an interference imaging spectrometer, and the interference imaging spectrometer is placed in the metal additive manufacturing cavity. 9 . Part of the cavity on one side of the body and in front of it is made of plexiglass. 9. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the laser ultrasonic detection module comprises a laser transmitter and an ultrasonic detector, and the laser ultrasonic detection module is placed on the metal The part of the cavity on the outer side of the additively fabricated cavity and in front of it is made of Glass Windows DK7 material. 10 . The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 9 , wherein the inner part of the cavity in front of the laser ultrasonic detection module is coated with an anti-reflection coating. 11 . 11. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection module comprises a pulsed laser and a photoelectric converter, and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy The detection module is placed on the outer side of the metal additive manufacturing cavity, and part of the cavity in front of it is made of Glass Windows DK7 material. 12. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the electronic computed tomography module comprises an X-ray transmitter, an X-ray receiving device and an imaging system, the electronic The computed tomography scanning module is placed on the outside of the metal additive cavity and part of the cavity in front of it is made of plexiglass. 13. The online real-time monitoring system for multiple monitoring equipment for metal additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the stress and strain detection module comprises a stress and strain gauge, and the stress and strain gauge is attached to the substrate and the additive manufacturing process. on the piece.

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