CN111773248A - 一种含铜铁氧体纳米粒子及其制备方法和抗菌作用 - Google Patents
一种含铜铁氧体纳米粒子及其制备方法和抗菌作用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111773248A CN111773248A CN202010457719.3A CN202010457719A CN111773248A CN 111773248 A CN111773248 A CN 111773248A CN 202010457719 A CN202010457719 A CN 202010457719A CN 111773248 A CN111773248 A CN 111773248A
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- Prior art keywords
- copper
- containing ferrite
- polyvinylpyrrolidone
- fecl
- nanoparticles
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Images
Classifications
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Abstract
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于纳米材料医学领域,具体涉及一种含铜铁氧体纳米粒子及其制备方法和抗菌作 用。
背景技术:
活性氧簇(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)是细胞在有氧条件下进行能量代谢产生的一类 具有氧化活性的分子总称,包括羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O·-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)等。ROS 具有双重活性:生理条件下,适量的ROS可促进免疫、修复、存活和生长等。当ROS生成 超过抗氧化系统的清除能力时,ROS将对细胞脂质、蛋白质和DNA造成氧化损伤,甚至导 致细胞死亡。因此,ROS在细菌的生理和病理发展中都起着十分重要的作用。
研究显示,大多数革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌均可吸附三价铁离子(Fe3+),并迅速将Fe3+还原为二价铁离子(Fe2+),生成的Fe2+通过参与Fenton反应(公式1)产生羟自由基,其可无选择性地造成细胞膜脂质过氧化、蛋白质损伤和DNA损伤,其中以DNA损伤最为严重。 当羟自由基水平过高时,生物分子的严重氧化损伤可直接导致细胞死亡。此外,过多的Fe2+还可通过Haber-Weiss反应(公式2)催化ROS大量生成,从而对细菌生长产生一定的抑制作用。
β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类和喹诺酮类为临床常用抗生素。这些抗菌药存在共同的杀菌机 制:上述药物在杀菌时,首先与各自相应的初级靶位点结合,然后通过三羧酸循环电子传递 链产生超氧化物,损坏铁硫簇,释放Fe2+,Fe2+再通过Fenton反应生成·OH,损伤细菌的核 酸、蛋白质和脂质。当ROS水平超过细菌解毒作用和修复能力时,将导致细菌死亡。因此, 这条基于Fenton反应生成ROS的共有杀菌通路,为抗菌药物的研发提供了独特机制。然而, 单纯的四氧化三铁纳米粒子(Fe3O4NPs)因其结构中存在的电子耦合作用,使Fe2+的氧化活性被抑制。因此,纯Fe3O4NPs的抗菌作用非常有限。目前纳米材料医学界解决这个 问题的通常做法是将Fe3O4纳米粒子作为药物传输体,将其他已知的抗菌药物修饰,以增强 穿透细胞膜的实际效果。
Fe2++H2O2=Fe3++OH-+·OH [公式1]
发明内容:
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种具有非常优良的抗菌效果的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子。
本发明的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子,其结构式为Cu(II) xFe(II) 1-xFe(III) 2O4,其中1≥X≥0.5。
本发明进一步通过将Fe3O4纳米粒子中1/2的二价铁(Fe2+)用二价铜(Cu2+)进行取代, 合成了新的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4(以下简称为Cu@Fe NPs),从而对在 Fe3O4纳米粒子中的的电子耦合作用进行消除。所获得的Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4纳米 粒子具有非常优良的抗菌效果,由此,优选所述的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子,其结构式为 Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的制备方法,其是将Fe3O4纳米粒 子中X的二价铁用二价铜进行取代,得到含铜铁氧体纳米粒子,其中1≥X≥0.5。
优选,将Fe2+和Gu2+按照物质的量之比(1-X):X加入到水中、并加入过量的Fe3+,以及聚乙烯吡咯酮,制得铜铁前驱体溶液,加热条件下,再加入含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液,反应生成含铜铁氧体纳米粒子。
进一步优选,是将CuCl2、FeCl2、FeCl3溶于水中,使得Cu2+,Fe2+,Fe3+物质的量之比为1:1:4,加入聚乙烯吡咯酮,制得铜铁前驱体溶液,将铜铁前驱体溶液加热至85℃至90℃,然后滴加预热至85℃至90℃的含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液进行反应,反应后取出固 体产物,依次用水、乙醇、丙酮和水洗涤,获得洗涤后的产物,即为含铜铁氧体纳米粒子Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4。
进一步优选,所述的铜铁前驱体溶液,其含0.1mM的CuCl2,0.1mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3和5mg/ml的聚乙烯吡咯酮,所述的含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液是含1.6mM的NaOH和5mg/ml的聚乙烯吡咯酮;将铜铁前驱体溶液加热至85℃至90℃,然后滴加预热 至85℃至90℃的含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液进行反应,反应后取出固体产物,依次用水、乙醇、丙酮和水洗涤,获得洗涤后的产物。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述含铜铁氧体纳米粒子在制备抗菌药物中的应用。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种抗菌药物,其含有上述含铜铁氧体纳米粒子作为活性成 分。
所述的抗菌药物是抗金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和泛 耐药铜绿假单胞菌的药物。
本发明还提供一种包含含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的喷雾剂。含铜铁氧体纳米粒子可以与稀释 的酒精溶液或其他的溶剂形成胶体悬浮液的喷剂。
本发明还提供一种包含所述含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的用于伤口或手术的防菌、抗菌的绷带。
本发明还提供一种包含含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的医疗设备的表面涂层。含铜铁氧体纳米粒 子可以和药膏混合在一起,用于伤口涂抹。
本发明还提供一种包含含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的过滤器。
本发明还提供一种包含所述含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的食品加工设备、工具的涂料或混合食 品包装膜。含铜铁氧体纳米粒子可以与生物相容性的高分子材料混合、拉丝,可以纺成线或 做成绷带,或者用于制作过滤器的过滤芯;或者与塑料混合造成薄膜,应于食品包装。纳米 颗粒可以和油漆用的粘合剂混合,形成新的杀菌漆。
本发明通过将Fe3O4纳米粒子中的二价铁用二价铜进行取代,从而对在Fe3O4纳米粒子中 的的电子耦合作用进行消除。所获得的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子具有非常优良的抗菌 效果,并且可以有效避免细菌向耐药性菌进展,具有广泛的应用前景。
本发明制备的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子可用在许多抗菌应用中。在医疗上,可以使将其制成 喷雾剂或者混于绷带中用于伤口或手术的防菌、抗菌。也可以将它用作医疗设备的表面涂层。 这些材料对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌的快速灭杀作用可确保特殊工具(医疗以及食品设备、工 具)的无菌要求。在环境应用中,这些材料可以在水中或加水过滤器中,避免使用紫外光或其 他化学制品。在食品工业应用中,它们可用作食品加工设备、工具的涂料,或混合到食品包 装膜中,用作防菌包装。该材料的合成过程简单、可大规模生产,并且可以用于廉价的原材 料生产。
附图说明:
图1是含铜铁氧体纳米粒子Cu@Fe NPs反应装置的组成图,A:三颈圆底烧瓶;B:冷凝管; C:温度计;D:注射器;
图2是Fe3O4NPs和Cu@Fe NPs的X射线衍射分析图;
图3是(A)为Cu@Fe NPs的3D结构图,蓝球(图中的1):Cu2+/Fe2+;棕球(图中的2):Fe3+;白球:O;(B)为Cu@Fe NPs的透射电镜图(50μM);(C)为Cu@Fe NPs的动态光 散射图(DLS);
图4是金黄色葡萄球菌对Cu@Fe NPs的耐药实验;
图5是耐甲氧西林金黄葡萄球菌对Cu@Fe NPs的耐药实验;
图6是铜绿假单胞菌对Cu@Fe NPs的耐药实验;
图7是泛铜绿假单胞菌对Cu@Fe NPs的耐药实验。
具体实施方式:
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
1、本发明的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子Cu@Fe NPs的制备与鉴定。
将CuCl2、FeCl2、FeCl3溶于100ml水中,使得浓度为0.1mM的CuCl2,0.1mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3,并加入500mg聚乙烯吡咯酮(K40),混合均匀得到Cu2+,Fe2+,Fe3+摩尔比为1:1: 4的铜铁前驱体溶液。将NaOH溶解于装有100mL去离子水的三颈圆底烧瓶中,使NaOH浓度为 1.6mM,并加入500mg聚乙烯吡咯酮(K40),保持在800rpm~1200rpm的转速下混合均匀,在 油浴中加热至85℃至90℃。按照图1所示在铁架台上组装冷凝管B、烧瓶A、温度计C和注射器 D,将铜铁前驱体溶液放入冷凝管下的烧瓶中。当NaOH溶液温度达到85℃至90℃时,使用注 射器以3.5mL/min的速度滴加铜铁前驱体溶液,反应30min后,取出产物,在转速为5000rpm 的条件下后,离心产物依次经5mL水、5mL乙醇、5mL丙酮和5mL水离心洗涤,最后得到 洗涤后的产物(即为Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4纳米粒子,命名为Cu@Fe NPs),将洗涤后的产物分 散于水中,得到Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4纳米粒子溶液。经X射线衍射分析显示,Cu@FeNPs为物 相组分单一且纯度高的纳米粒子,无其他杂质物相组分(图2)。经透射电镜(TEM)和动态 光散射(DLS)检测,Cu@Fe NPs的粒径为10nm至60nm(图3)。
2、本发明的Cu@Fe NPs的抗菌作用评价。
2.1菌株的选择:本实验选择金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单 胞菌和泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌进行Cu@Fe NPs的抗菌作用评价。金黄色葡萄球菌是人类化脓感 染中最常见的病原菌,是革兰氏阳性菌的代表,可引起许多严重感染;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡 萄球菌为广谱耐药菌,除了对甲氧西林耐药外,对其它所有与甲氧西林相同结构的β-内酰胺 类和头孢类抗生素均耐药,仅对万古霉素敏感,现已成为院内和社区感染的重要病原菌之一; 铜绿假单胞菌是一种常见的条件致病菌,属于非发酵革兰氏阴性杆菌,为医院内感染的主要 病原菌之一;铜绿假单胞菌可以通过获得各种β-内酰胺酶编码基因、广谱或超广谱β-内酰胺 酶和氨基糖苷类修饰酶等方式对抗菌药物或消毒剂产生耐药。当铜绿假单胞菌对头孢菌素类 (如头孢他啶或头孢砒腭)、碳青霉烯类(如亚胺培南)、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂(如头孢哌酮/舒巴坦)、 氟奎洛酮类(如环丙沙星)和氨基糖苷类(如阿米卡星),以上5类抗菌药中的3类及以上药物耐药 时,则被称为泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌(PDR-PA)。
2.2细菌的培养:选取金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和泛 耐药铜绿假单胞菌落,分别放入5mL胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤(TSB)培养基中,35℃和180rpm 在振荡培养箱中培养过夜。然后,将50μL培养基转移到5mL新鲜TSB培养基中,在35℃和 180rpm下孵育4小时。将10uL孵育后的细菌液使用TSB培养基稀释106倍,然后使用玻璃 涂抹器将50μL稀释的悬浮液均匀涂抹于琼脂平板上,将该平板在35℃温育24小时,计数每 个平板中的菌落数(一个细菌会长出一个菌落),菌落数乘以稀释倍数106后转化成CFU/mL 值。所有测量均重复三次,获得细菌初始浓度。
2.3半数抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度的测定:
(1)半数抑菌浓度(Half maximal Inhibitory Concentration,IC50)的IC50测定:准备不同浓 度的Cu@Fe NPs溶液(水为溶剂):400μg/mL为最高浓度组,2倍稀释后,形成7个浓度组 (6.25μg/mL、12.5μg/mL、25μg/mL、50μg/mL、100μg/mL、200μg/mL和400μg/mL)。在15mL 管中加入980μL蛋白酶大豆肉汤(TSB),细菌浓度为105CFU/mL,加入20μL含有给定量的Cu@Fe NPs溶液处理,以同体积的水溶液作为对照组,在35℃细菌培养箱孵育24小时后,取出10μL该溶液,使用TSB培养基稀释106倍。然后使用玻璃涂抹器将50μL稀释的悬浮液 均匀涂抹在琼脂平板上。将该平板在35℃温育24小时后,计数每个平板中菌落数(一个细 菌会长出一个菌落),菌落数乘以稀释倍数106,转化成CFU/mL值。抑制一半细菌生长的 药物浓度,即为受试菌的IC50。所有测量均重复三次,利用Excel的FORECAST命令计算 IC50,结果见表1。
(2)最小抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)的测定:准备不同浓度的 Cu@Fe NPs溶液,以同体积的水溶液作为对照,参照步骤(1)半数抑菌浓度的实验方法。 以肉眼观察,完全抑制细菌生长的最小药物浓度,即为受试菌的MIC。所有测量均重复三次, 结果见表1。
表1.Cu@Fe NPs对不同细菌菌株的IC50和MIC值
本实施例的Cu(II) 0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4纳米粒子,是以四氧化三铁为起点构建的,芬顿催化中 心是Fe(II),这是得益于通过增加使用二价铜离子取代Fe(II) 1Fe(III) 2O4中一半的二价铁离子,消 除了四氧化三铁之间Fe2+与Fe3+的电子耦合,从而提高了Fe2+的还原活性。
2.4Cu@FeNPs的细菌耐药性实验:
(1)金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄葡萄球菌对Cu@Fe NPs的耐药实验:
金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄葡萄球菌培养及MIC测定方法同2.3中(2),分别收 取仅次于MIC剂量的细菌继续培养,用给定剂量的Cu@FeNPs处理,并计算新的MIC。在重复进行31次传代后终止细菌耐药实验,不同代数的MIC记为MICn,n代表代数。金黄色 葡萄球菌以环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin)为对照药,耐甲氧西林金黄葡萄球菌以万古霉素(vancomycin)为对照药。结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌在使用环丙沙星培养后的初始MIC(MIC1)为0.25μg/mL,MIC5为MIC1的8倍,MIC11为MIC1的16倍,MIC18为MIC1的 64倍,MIC24为MIC1的128倍,MIC31为MIC1的256倍,这说明随着培养代数的增加,金 黄色葡萄球菌对环丙沙星的耐药性逐渐增强。与此相对照,Cu@Fe NPs对金黄色葡萄球菌的 MIC1为1.0μg/mL,在连续进行31次传代培养后,其MIC值基本未变(图4),这表明Cu@Fe NPs可以有效避免金黄色葡萄球菌向耐药性菌进展。
在耐甲氧西林金黄葡萄球菌的耐药性实验中,使用万古霉素(vancomycin)培养的MIC1为1.0μg/mL,在第8代其MIC增加了2倍,在13代时增加了4倍,在18代时增加了8倍, 在23代时增加了16倍,在28传代时达到了32倍。相比之下,Cu@Fe NPs对耐甲氧西林金 黄葡萄球菌的MIC1为1.0μg/mL,在连续进行31次传代培养后,其MIC值基本未变(图5)。 这表明耐甲氧西林金黄葡萄球菌不能对Cu@Fe NPs产生耐药性。
(2)铜绿假单胞菌和泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌对Cu@Fe NPs的耐药实验:
实验方法同2.4中(1),铜绿假单胞菌以氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)为对照药,泛耐药铜绿假 单胞菌以生理盐水为阴性对照。在铜绿假单胞菌的耐药实验中,氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)的初 始MIC为0.125μg/mL,在5代后增加了2倍,在10代时增加了4倍,在16代时增加了16 倍,在23代时增加了32倍,在29传代时达到了64倍。相比之下,Cu@Fe NPs对铜绿假单 胞菌和泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌的耐药实验中的初始MIC为1.0μg/mL,在-+-+经历31次传代后 未发生明显改变(图6和图7)。
3.不同铜、铁投入比例的铜铁纳米络合物的抗菌作用评价:
按照1中含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的合成方法,通过调整氯化铜、氯化亚铁和氯化铁的用量, 合成具有不同铜、铁比例的铜铁纳米络合物,具体参见公式:Cu(II) xFe(II) 1-xFe(III) 2O4,其中X=0、 0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9或1。
X=0时,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.2mM的FeCl2、0.4mM的FeCl3,产物即 为四氧化三铁纳米粒子。
X=0.1,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.02mM的CuCl2,0.18mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=0.2,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.04mM的CuCl2,0.16mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=0.3,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.06mM的CuCl2,0.14mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=0.4,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.08mM的CuCl2,0.12mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=0.5,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.1mM的CuCl2,0.1mM的FeCl2,0.4mM的 FeCl3;
X=0.6,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.12mM的CuCl2,0.08mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=0.7,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.14mM的CuCl2,0.06mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=0.8,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.16mM的CuCl2,0.04mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=0.9,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.18mM的CuCl2,0.02mM的FeCl2,0.4mM 的FeCl3;
X=1,其100ml的铜铁前驱体溶液,含浓度为0.2mM的CuCl2,0.4mM的FeCl3。
然后,按照2中的方法进行抗菌作用评价,得出其抗金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值,具体结果 见表2。
表2.Cu(II) xFe(II) 1-xFe(III) 2O4对金黄葡萄球菌的抗菌效果
Claims (10)
1.含铜铁氧体纳米粒子,其结构式为Cu(II) xFe(II) 1-xFe(III) 2O4,其中1≥X≥0.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子,其特征在于,所述的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子,其结构式为Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4。
3.一种权利要求1所述的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,其是将Fe3O4纳米粒子中X的二价铁用二价铜进行取代,得到含铜铁氧体纳米粒子,其中1≥X≥0.5。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,将Fe2+和Cu2+按照物质的量之比(1-X):X加入到水中、并加入过量的Fe3+,以及聚乙烯吡咯酮,制得铜铁前驱体溶液,加热条件下,再加入含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液,反应生成含铜铁氧体纳米粒子。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,是将CuCl2、FeCl2、FeCl3溶于水中,使得Cu2+,Fe2+,Fe3+物质的量之比为1:1:4,加入聚乙烯吡咯酮,制得铜铁前驱体溶液,将铜铁前驱体溶液加热至85℃至90℃,然后滴加预热至85℃至90℃的含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液进行反应,反应后取出固体产物,依次用水、乙醇、丙酮和水洗涤,获得洗涤后的产物,即为含铜铁氧体纳米粒子Cu0.5Fe(II) 0.5Fe(III) 2O4。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的铜铁前驱体溶液,其含0.1mM的CuCl2,0.1mM的FeCl2,0.4mM的FeCl3和5mg/ml的聚乙烯吡咯酮,所述的含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液是含1.6mM的NaOH和5mg/ml的聚乙烯吡咯酮;将铜铁前驱体溶液加热至85℃至90℃,然后滴加预热至85℃至90℃的含氢氧化钠和聚乙烯吡咯酮的水溶液进行反应,反应后取出固体产物,依次用水、乙醇、丙酮和水洗涤,获得洗涤后的产物。
7.权利要求1或2所述的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子在制备抗菌药物中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的抗菌药物是抗金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌或泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌的药物。
9.一种抗菌药物,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1或2所述的含铜铁氧体纳米粒子作为活性成分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的抗菌药物,其特征在于,所述的抗菌药物是抗金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌或泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌的药物。
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| CN115072856A (zh) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-20 | 赣南医学院 | 铜铁氧纳米酶在清除有色印染染料中的应用和用于清除印染染料的试剂盒 |
| CN118924787A (zh) * | 2024-04-22 | 2024-11-12 | 广州医科大学附属第三医院(广州重症孕产妇救治中心、广州柔济医院) | 一种抗菌用人造纳米细胞及其制备方法和应用 |
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