CN111765058A - A tangential field thruster with enhanced microwave-assisted ionization - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cusp field thruster for microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization, belongs to the field of electric thrusters, and particularly relates to a cusp field thruster for microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization. The problems of insufficient working medium utilization rate, low efficiency, low adjusting precision and the like which are difficult to overcome in the miniaturization process of the cusp field thruster are solved. The device comprises an SMA microwave input interface, an anode, an air supply pipe, a resonant antenna, a permanent magnet ring, a discharge channel, a microwave resonant cavity and a magnetic tip magnetic ring. The microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization device is mainly used for microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization of the cusp field thruster.

Description

A tangential field thruster with enhanced microwave-assisted ionization

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of electric thrusters, in particular to a tangential field thruster with enhanced microwave-assisted ionization.

Background technique

The electric propulsion system has the advantages of high specific impulse, high efficiency and long life, and has received more and more attention in space missions, and is gradually replacing traditional chemical propulsion. In recent years, the rise of micro-nano satellites and the new generation of space science missions have put forward further demands for thrust with low thrust, low noise, and high vector precision. However, due to the high complexity, narrow adjustable range and insufficient life span of several mainstream micro thrusters in the world - radio frequency ion thruster, field launch thruster, colloidal thruster and air-conditioning thruster, etc. It is necessary to carry out research on a new type of micro thruster.

The tangential field thruster is a new type of electric propulsion concept that has appeared in the world. Due to its special magnetic field type, it has the advantages of low complexity, wide adjustable range, low noise and long life. Its working principle is that there is a tangential magnetic field in the ceramic channel of the tangential field thruster. Except for the magnetic tip, most of the magnetic fields are parallel to the wall surface. The electrons mainly do spiral drift motion along the magnetic field lines, and it is difficult to cross the magnetic field to reach the wall surface. The particles bounce back and forth under the action of the magnetic mirror force until they collide with neutral particles and ionize, resulting in ions being ejected out of the channel under the action of the axial electric field, and neutralized with electrons to generate thrust. However, the research on the miniaturized meeting field thruster found that it still has two deficiencies: first, the size of the thruster is too small, resulting in insufficient ionization space and low utilization rate of working medium; second, the thrust can only pass through the flow rate. And the voltage is adjusted, there are few adjustment methods, and the adjustment accuracy is not high.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization tangential field thruster.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization meeting field thruster, which comprises an SMA microwave input interface, an anode, an air supply pipe, a resonant antenna, a permanent magnet ring, a discharge channel, and a microwave resonant cavity. The SMA microwave input interface is connected with the outer bottom surface of the microwave resonant cavity and is an integrated structure. The cavity of the SMA microwave input interface is filled with an SMA interface insulating medium, and the anode is installed in the microwave resonant cavity. On the bottom surface, the anode and the microwave resonator are insulated from each other by an anode insulating sleeve. The resonant antenna penetrates from the SMA microwave input interface end to the interior of the microwave resonator and is fixed at the axis of the microwave resonator. The microwave resonator side The wall is connected with the gas supply pipe for the neutral gas working medium to enter the microwave resonant cavity, the discharge channel is coaxially connected with the microwave resonant cavity, the outer wall of the discharge channel is sleeved with three permanent magnet rings, and the adjacent permanent magnet rings are Magnetic tip magnetic guide rings are installed between the three permanent magnet rings, the magnetization directions of the three permanent magnet rings are axial, and the polarity directions of the three permanent magnet rings are NS-SN-NS or SN-NS-SN.

Further, the outer wall of the microwave resonant cavity is sleeved with an insulating compensation ring, and the insulating compensation ring is connected with the thruster bottom plate and the thruster shell, and the thruster bottom plate and the thruster shell are fixedly connected by bolts, and the thruster bottom plate and the thruster shell are fixedly connected. The inner wall of the thruster shell is connected with the permanent magnet ring and the magnetic tip magnetic conducting ring, the outlet of the thruster shell is connected with the thruster top plate by bolts, and the gas supply pipe penetrates the thruster shell and the insulating compensation ring and is connected with the microwave resonant cavity. The side walls are connected.

Furthermore, the SMA microwave input interface, anode, thruster base plate, resonant antenna, thruster housing and microwave resonant cavity are all made of non-magnetic or weakly magnetically conductive materials.

Further, the insulating compensation ring, the discharge channel, the thruster top plate and the anode insulating sleeve are all made of boron nitride ceramic material.

Further, the magnetic tip magnetic conductive ring adopts electrical pure iron DT4C material.

Further, the neutral gas working medium is xenon gas or krypton gas.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by feeding microwaves upstream of the thruster channel, the electrons captured in the magnetic field form a cyclotron resonance between the antenna and the resonant cavity, thereby enhancing the discharge channel. The upstream ionization, while maintaining the long life of the thruster in the meeting field, greatly improves the working medium utilization rate and overall efficiency of the thruster, and realizes the full ionization and acceleration of the thruster under low working medium density and low power. Improve the efficiency and specific impulse of the thruster, and improve the performance of the thruster in the meeting field. At the same time, a thruster control method for microwave adjustment of the ionization process is introduced, so that the thruster can effectively adjust the thruster working conditions by changing the parameters such as the power and frequency of the input microwave, providing more options for the on-board thrust adjustment strategy. In terms of thruster life, system complexity and overall performance, it has advantages over the current mainstream small electric propulsion systems.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a tangential field thruster for microwave enhanced assisted ionization according to the present invention

FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a tangential field thruster for microwave enhanced assisted ionization according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front plan view of a tangential field thruster with microwave enhanced assisted ionization according to the present invention

4 is a schematic cross-sectional three-dimensional structure diagram of a microwave-enhanced-assisted ionization meeting field thruster according to the present invention

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a tangential field thruster for microwave enhanced assisted ionization according to the present invention.

1-SMA microwave input interface, 2-SMA interface insulating medium, 3-Anode, 4-Thrustor base plate, 5-Insulation compensation ring, 6-Air supply pipe, 7-Resonant antenna, 8-Permanent magnet ring, 9-Thruster Shell, 10-discharge channel, 11-microwave resonant cavity, 12-magnetic tip magnetic conducting ring, 13-thrust top plate, 14-anodic insulating sleeve

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIGS. 1-5 , this embodiment is described, a microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization tangential field thruster, which includes an SMA microwave input interface 1 , an anode 3 , a gas supply pipe 6 , a resonant antenna 7 , a permanent magnet ring 8 , and a discharge channel 10 , a microwave resonant cavity 11 and a magnetic tip magnetic conducting ring 12, the SMA microwave input interface 1 is connected with the outer bottom surface of the microwave resonant cavity 11, and is an integrated structure, and the cavity of the SMA microwave input interface 1 is filled with an SMA interface insulating medium 2 , the anode 3 is installed on the inner bottom surface of the microwave resonant cavity 11, the anode 3 and the microwave resonant cavity 11 are insulated from each other by the anode insulating sleeve 14, and the resonant antenna 7 penetrates from the SMA microwave input interface 1 end to the microwave resonant cavity 11 is fixed inside the microwave resonant cavity 11 and is fixed at the axis of the microwave resonant cavity 11. The side wall of the microwave resonant cavity 11 is connected to the gas supply pipe 6 for the neutral gas working medium to enter the microwave resonant cavity 11. The discharge channel 10 is the same as the microwave resonant cavity 11. The shafts are connected to each other, the outer wall of the discharge channel 10 is sleeved with three permanent magnet rings 8, and the magnetic tip magnetic conducting rings 12 are installed between the adjacent permanent magnet rings 8. The magnetization directions of the three permanent magnet rings 8 All are axial, and the polar directions of the three permanent magnet rings 8 are NS-SN-NS or SN-NS-SN.

When the tangential field thruster described in this embodiment is in operation, the neutral gas working medium enters the microwave resonant cavity 11 through the gas supply pipe 6, and the microwave source feeds the microwave into the resonant antenna 7 through the SMA microwave input interface 1, In the microwave resonant cavity 11, the microwave frequency and the electrons in the magnetic field generate electron cyclotron resonance, and the microwave energy is fed into the electrons to generate ionization in the microwave resonant cavity 11. When a high potential is applied, the neutral gas working medium and the plasma generated in the microwave resonant cavity 11 enter the discharge channel 10 and collide with electrons under the action of the shearing magnetic field to form sufficient ionization, and are accelerated by the axial electric field generated by the anode 3 ejected, creating thrust. During the operation of the tangential field thruster, effective and precise flow control can be realized by adjusting the input parameters of the microwave, and the actual operation can be carried out according to different requirements. The temperature of the electrons increases, which changes the ionization intensity in the microwave resonant cavity 11 and the proportion of high-priced ionized ions; by adjusting the input frequency of the microwave, the electrons with different cyclotron frequencies undergo cyclotron resonance, and the space of the ionization zone in the microwave cavity 11 changes. distributed.

In this embodiment, the outer wall of the microwave resonant cavity 11 is sleeved with an insulating compensation ring 5, and the insulating compensation ring 5 is connected with the thruster bottom plate 4 and the thruster shell 9, and the thruster bottom plate 4 and the thruster shell 9 pass through Bolted connection, the inner wall of the thruster housing 9 is connected with the permanent magnet ring 8 and the magnetic tip magnetic conducting ring 12, the outlet of the thruster housing 9 is connected with the thruster top plate 13 by bolts, and the air supply pipe 6 runs through The thruster housing 9 and the insulating compensation ring 5 are connected to the side wall of the microwave resonant cavity 11. The SMA microwave input interface 1, the anode 3, the thruster base plate 4, the resonant antenna 7, the thruster housing 9 and the microwave resonant cavity 11 all adopt Non-magnetic or weakly conductive materials, such as 303 stainless steel and 1060 aluminum alloy, etc., the insulating compensation ring 5, the discharge channel 10, the thruster top plate 13 and the anode insulating sleeve 14 are all made of boron nitride ceramic materials. The tip magnetic conducting ring 12 is made of electrical pure iron DT4C material, and the neutral gas working medium of the thruster is xenon gas or krypton gas.

A microwave-enhanced assisted ionization converging field thruster provided by the present invention has been described in detail above. The principles and implementations of the present invention are described with specific examples in this paper. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used for Help to understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification It should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a tangential field thruster of microwave enhanced auxiliary ionization, is characterized in that: it comprises SMA microwave input interface (1), anode (3), air supply pipe (6), resonant antenna (7), permanent magnet ring ( 8), a discharge channel (10), a microwave resonant cavity (11) and a magnetic tip magnetic permeable ring (12), the SMA microwave input interface (1) is connected to the outer bottom surface of the microwave resonant cavity (11) and is in an integrated structure, The cavity of the SMA microwave input interface (1) is filled with an SMA interface insulating medium (2). ) are insulated from each other by an anode insulating sleeve (14), the resonant antenna (7) penetrates from the end of the SMA microwave input interface (1) to the inside of the microwave resonator (11) and is fixed at the axis of the microwave resonator (11). , the side wall of the microwave resonant cavity (11) is connected to the gas supply pipe (6) for the neutral gas working medium to enter the microwave resonant cavity (11), and the discharge channel (10) is coaxially connected to the microwave resonant cavity (11) , the outer wall of the discharge channel (10) is sleeved with three permanent magnet rings (8), and a magnetic tip magnetic conducting ring (12) is installed between the adjacent permanent magnet rings (8). The magnetization directions of the rings (8) are all axial, and the polar directions of the three permanent magnet rings (8) are NS-SN-NS or SN-NS-SN. 2. A microwave-enhanced auxiliary ionization tangential field thruster according to claim 1, characterized in that: an insulating compensation ring (5) is sleeved on the outer wall of the microwave resonant cavity (11), and the insulating compensation ring ( 5) It is connected with the thruster base plate (4) and the thruster casing (9), the thruster base plate (4) and the thruster casing (9) are fixedly connected by bolts, and the inner wall of the thruster casing (9) It is connected to both the permanent magnet ring (8) and the magnetic tip magnetic conducting ring (12), the outlet of the thruster shell (9) is connected to the thruster top plate (13) by bolts, and the gas supply pipe (6) penetrates the thrust The outer casing (9) and the insulating compensation ring (5) are connected to the side wall of the microwave resonant cavity (11). 3. The tangential field thruster of a kind of microwave enhanced auxiliary ionization according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described SMA microwave input interface (1), anode (3), thruster base plate (4), resonant antenna (7), the thruster housing (9) and the microwave resonant cavity (11) are all made of non-magnetic or weakly conductive materials. 4. A microwave enhanced auxiliary ionization tangential field thruster according to claim 2, characterized in that: the insulating compensation ring (5), the discharge channel (10), the thruster top plate (13) and the anode insulation The sleeves (14) are all made of boron nitride ceramic materials. 5. A microwave-enhanced assisted ionization tangential field thruster according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetic tip magnetic conducting ring (12) is made of electrical pure iron DT4C material. 6 . A microwave-enhanced assisted ionization meeting field thruster according to claim 1 , wherein the neutral gas working medium of the thruster is xenon gas or krypton gas. 7 .

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