CN111758407A - Peach seedling grafting method based on grafting technology - Google Patents
Peach seedling grafting method based on grafting technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758407A CN111758407A CN202010655060.2A CN202010655060A CN111758407A CN 111758407 A CN111758407 A CN 111758407A CN 202010655060 A CN202010655060 A CN 202010655060A CN 111758407 A CN111758407 A CN 111758407A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/12—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using odoriferous substances, e.g. aromas, pheromones or chemical agents
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of: (1) cultivating stock seedlings; (2) preparing scions; (3) grafting: grafting is started when buds grow on the surfaces of the stock seedlings and obviously have a tendency of swelling in 2-4 months in the next year; binding the grafted branches by using cut film strips, then cutting the top ends of the branches, binding and sealing the top ends of the branches, and binding and wrapping the outside of the film by using a rubber rope to form an insect-expelling medicine bag; (4) and (5) planting and managing. The invention realizes the grafting of peach seedlings by utilizing the grafting technology, is suitable for large-scale centralized processing and is beneficial to the production of seedlings. Meanwhile, the invention ensures the survival rate through reasonable fertilization and material preservation in the process of grafting. Finally, the invention provides a structure capable of expelling insects and keeping dry aiming at the grafting position, thereby ensuring the survival rate and the quality of peach seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grafting method, in particular to a peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology.
Background
The grafting propagation is to graft one part of plant nutritive organ onto other plant. The branch used for grafting is called scion, the bud used is called grafting bud, the grafted plant is called stock, and the grafted seedling is called grafted seedling. Grafting propagation is a method for propagating clone excellent varieties, and is commonly used for plum blossom, Chinese rose and the like. The principle of grafting survival is that the cambium of the combination between two plants with affinity generates a healing phenomenon, so that a conduit and a sieve tube are communicated with each other to form a new individual.
The grafting method using a branch as a scion material is called scion grafting. There are generally various methods such as a cut-grafting method, a cleft-grafting method, an abdominal-grafting method, and an abutment method. The branch grafting is a grafting method that one section of a branch of a mother tree (1-3 buds need to be arranged on the branch) is cut into a cut surface which is easy to be tightly connected with a cut of a stock at the base part, then the cut surface is inserted into the cut of the stock, the cambium of the stock is matched with the body of the stock, and the stock is bound and covered with soil to be combined into a new plant and the branch is used as a scion material, namely the branch grafting. There are generally various methods such as a cut-grafting method, a cleft-grafting method, an abdominal-grafting method, and an abutment method. The branch grafting is to cut one section of the branch of the mother tree (1-3 buds need to be arranged on the branch) into a cut surface which is easy to be closely connected with the cut of the stock, then the cut surface is inserted into the cut of the stock, the cambium of the stock is matched with the body, and the stock is bound and covered with soil to ensure that the stock and the cut surface are combined into a new plant.
At present, the branch grafting is used for producing plant seedlings in batches so as to meet the market demand, and the branch grafting of each kind of tree seedling needs to be adjusted according to the kind of the tree seedling, namely in the production process of peach seedlings, because peach gum substances are easily secreted at the wounds of the peach seedlings, the damage of insects is easily received, and the condition that the quality of the plants is reduced once the insects are invaded in the batch production is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) stock seedling cultivation: collecting needed stock seedling seeds in autumn, selecting full particles, sterilizing, refrigerating, tidying a seedbed in a greenhouse in the spring of the next year, sowing the seeds on the seedbed, ensuring the stability of the humidity and the temperature in the greenhouse, improving the germination rate of the seeds, and transplanting the seeds into a stock seedling planting field after the seeds germinate;
(2) preparing scions: collecting peach seedling branches to be grafted, removing leaves and only keeping buds, then sterilizing and killing insects on the branches, placing the peach seedling branches subjected to sterilization and killing insects in a cool and ventilated place for drying for 6-8 days, finally wrapping all the peach seedling branches with a preservative film, and placing the peach seedling branches in a low-temperature environment for preservation until grafting for use in the next year;
(3) grafting: grafting is started when buds grow on the surfaces of the stock seedlings and obviously have a tendency of swelling in 2-4 months in the next year; cutting off the middle part of the stock seedling and the position closest to 8-10cm of the spore and grafting the cut stock seedling with the scion branch cut from the peach seedling branch; binding the grafted branches by using cut film strips, then cutting the top ends of the branches, binding and sealing the top ends of the branches, and binding and wrapping the outside of the film by using a rubber rope to form an insect-expelling medicine bag;
(4) planting and managing: and (3) planting the grafted nursery stock, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, removing the germinated tender shoots on the stock in time, supplying nutrition to the scion in a centralized manner, removing the wrapped plastic film strip two months after the grafted seedling survives, and topdressing the compound fertilizer, deinsectization and the like in the whole growth period.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (1), in the planting field of the stock seedlings, rooting powder is scattered into the planting holes during transplanting, and during the cultivation period of the stock, root increasing is mainly performed, namely, the root system of the stock seedlings is ensured to be fully developed by applying fertilizer and sufficient moisture.
As a further scheme of the invention: fertilizing the rootstock seedlings in the step (1) mainly by using an organic fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, simultaneously controlling the seedling spacing to be 15X15, and covering soil with the thickness of 10-20 cm; picking the top and removing lateral buds of the seedling, keeping the seedling bead at 60-80cm to ensure that the trunk of the seedling reaches the diameter required by grafting as early as possible, and spraying carbendazim to the seedling once every 10-15 days.
As a further scheme of the invention: the storage of the peach seedling branches in the step (2) can be performed by selecting a cellar or a constant temperature room, the storage temperature is kept at 10-15 ℃, and the humidity in the environment is relatively kept at 60-70%.
As a further scheme of the invention: and (3) covering a wax layer on the peach seedling branches before the peach seedling branches are stored in the step (2), and prolonging the storage time.
As a further scheme of the invention: the method for disinfecting the peach seedling branches in the step (2) comprises the following steps: drying outdoors in the sunny day, or sterilizing in a sealed space for 1-2 hours by using ultraviolet rays.
As a further scheme of the invention: the insecticidal method of the peach seedling branches in the step (2) comprises the following steps: diluting with 10% imidacloprid or 50% pirimicarb with 1800-fold and 2200-fold water, and spraying the diluted solution onto the surfaces of peach seedling branches by spraying.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step (3), a cut is vertically cut at the position 2/3 inward of the cross section edge of the stock seedling, and the length of the cut is 8-12 mm; simultaneously taking out the peach seedling branches, spraying clear water, selecting 1-2 full buds to be cut short to form scions, cutting one side of each peach seedling branch to 2/3 parts of the cross section of the branch to form an oblique opening, and cutting the other side of each peach seedling branch to form a 1/3 oblique opening; the cut scion is vertically inserted into the cut of the stock, so that cambium layers on two sides of the scion and the stock are aligned.
As a further scheme of the invention: the insect-repelling medicine bag is mainly composed of a drying agent area A, an insect-repelling medicine agent area and a drying agent area B which are arranged from top to bottom, and the bag body of the insect-repelling medicine bag is formed by sewing non-woven fabrics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes the grafting of peach seedlings by utilizing the grafting technology, is suitable for large-scale centralized processing and is beneficial to the production of seedlings. Meanwhile, the invention ensures the survival rate through reasonable fertilization and material preservation in the process of grafting. Finally, the invention provides a structure capable of expelling insects and keeping dry aiming at the grafting position, thereby ensuring the survival rate and the quality of peach seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the grafted graft of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the insect repellent pouch.
In the figure: the drug comprises a stock seedling 1, a peach seedling branch 2, a rubber rope 3, a film 4, an insect-repellent medicine bag 5, a desiccant area A51, an insect-repellent agent area 52 and a desiccant area 53.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, a peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) stock seedling cultivation: collecting needed stock seedling seeds in autumn, selecting full particles, sterilizing, refrigerating, tidying a seedbed in a greenhouse in the spring of the next year, sowing the seeds on the seedbed, ensuring the stability of the humidity and the temperature in the greenhouse, improving the germination rate of the seeds, and transplanting the seeds into a stock seedling planting field after the seeds germinate;
in the rootstock seedling planting field, rooting powder is scattered into the planting holes during transplanting, and the rooting is mainly increased during the rootstock cultivation period, namely, the root system of the rootstock seedling is ensured to be fully developed by applying fertilizer and sufficient moisture;
organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are used as main materials, the seedling spacing is controlled to be 15X15, and the soil covering thickness is 10-20 cm; picking the top and lateral bud of the seedling, keeping the seedling bead at 60-80cm to ensure that the trunk of the seedling reaches the grafting thickness in the morning, and spraying carbendazim to the seedling every 10-15 days;
(2) preparing scions: collecting peach seedling branches to be grafted, removing leaves, only keeping buds, then sterilizing and killing insects, placing the peach seedling branches subjected to sterilization and killing insects in a shady and ventilated place for drying for 6-8 days, finally wrapping all the peach seedling branches with a preservative film, placing the peach seedling branches into a low-temperature environment for storage (such as a cellar, a conditioned constant-temperature room can be used) for grafting for the next year, keeping the storage temperature at 10-15 ℃, and relatively keeping the humidity in the environment at 60-70%;
in the actual operation process, a wax layer can be covered on the peach seedling branches, so that the storage time is prolonged;
the disinfection method comprises the following steps: drying outdoors in the sunny day, or sterilizing in a sealed space for 1-2 hours by using ultraviolet rays;
the insecticidal method comprises the following steps: diluting 10% imidacloprid or 50% pirimicarb with 1800-2200 times of water, and spraying the diluted solution on the surfaces of peach seedling branches by spraying;
(3) grafting: grafting is started when buds grow on the surfaces of the stock seedlings and obviously have a tendency of swelling in 2-4 months in the next year; cutting off the middle part of the stock seedling at the position closest to the spore (8-10 cm) and vertically cutting a notch at the position 2/3 inward from the edge of the cross section, wherein the length of the notch is 8-12 mm; simultaneously taking out the peach seedling branches, spraying clear water, selecting 1-2 full buds to be cut short to form scions, cutting one side of each peach seedling branch to 2/3 parts of the cross section of the branch to form an oblique opening, and cutting the other side of each peach seedling branch to form a 1/3 oblique opening; vertically inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stocks to enable cambiums on the two sides of the scions and the stocks to be aligned; binding the grafted branches by using cut thin film strips, and then cutting the top ends of the branches, binding and sealing;
referring to fig. 1-2, an insect-repellent medicine bag is bound and wrapped on the outer side of the film through a rubber rope, the insect-repellent medicine bag is mainly composed of a drying agent area A, an insect-repellent medicine area and a drying agent area B which are arranged from top to bottom, a bag body of the insect-repellent medicine bag is formed by sewing non-woven fabrics, so that the grafting positions can be kept dry from two sides, the situation that rot is caused by overlarge humidity of the interface position is avoided, meanwhile, the insect-repellent medicine can be effectively placed close to the grafting positions, and because peach gum substances are easily secreted at the wound of a peach plant, insects are easily;
(4) planting and managing: and (3) planting the grafted nursery stock, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, removing the germinated tender shoots on the stock in time, supplying nutrition to the scion in a centralized manner, removing the wrapped plastic film strip two months after the grafted seedling survives, and topdressing the compound fertilizer, deinsectization and the like in the whole growth period.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) stock seedling cultivation: collecting needed stock seedling seeds in autumn, selecting full particles, sterilizing, refrigerating, tidying a seedbed in a greenhouse in the spring of the next year, sowing the seeds on the seedbed, ensuring the stability of the humidity and the temperature in the greenhouse, improving the germination rate of the seeds, and transplanting the seeds into a stock seedling planting field after the seeds germinate;
(2) preparing scions: collecting peach seedling branches to be grafted, removing leaves and only keeping buds, then sterilizing and killing insects on the branches, placing the peach seedling branches subjected to sterilization and killing insects in a cool and ventilated place for drying for 6-8 days, finally wrapping all the peach seedling branches with a preservative film, and placing the peach seedling branches in a low-temperature environment for preservation until grafting for use in the next year;
(3) grafting: grafting is started when buds grow on the surfaces of the stock seedlings and obviously have a tendency of swelling in 2-4 months in the next year; cutting off the middle part of the stock seedling and the position closest to 8-10cm of the spore and grafting the cut stock seedling with the scion branch cut from the peach seedling branch; binding the grafted branches by using cut film strips, then cutting the top ends of the branches, binding and sealing the top ends of the branches, and binding and wrapping the outside of the film by using a rubber rope to form an insect-expelling medicine bag;
(4) planting and managing: and (3) planting the grafted nursery stock, applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, removing the germinated tender shoots on the stock in time, supplying nutrition to the scion in a centralized manner, removing the wrapped plastic film strip two months after the grafted seedling survives, and topdressing the compound fertilizer, deinsectization and the like in the whole growth period.
2. A peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the root-growing powder is scattered into the planting holes during transplanting in the planting field of the rootstock seedlings, and during the cultivation period of the rootstock, the root growth is mainly performed, that is, the root systems of the rootstock seedlings are fully developed by applying fertilizer and sufficient moisture.
3. A peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fertilization of the rootstock seedlings in the step (1) is mainly organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the seedling spacing is controlled to be 15X15, and the soil covering thickness is 10-20 cm; picking the top and removing lateral buds of the seedling, keeping the seedling bead at 60-80cm to ensure that the trunk of the seedling reaches the diameter required by grafting as early as possible, and spraying carbendazim to the seedling once every 10-15 days.
4. A peach seedling grafting method based on the grafting technology according to claim 1, wherein the peach seedling branches preserved in the step (2) are selected from a cellar or a constant temperature room, the storage temperature is kept at 10-15 ℃, and the humidity in the environment is relatively kept at 60-70%.
5. A peach seedling grafting method based on the grafting technology according to claim 1 or 4, wherein before the peach seedling branches are preserved in the step (2), the peach seedling branches are covered with a wax layer, so that the preservation time is prolonged.
6. A peach seedling grafting method based on the grafting technology according to claim 5, wherein the method for disinfecting peach seedling branches in the step (2) comprises the following steps: drying outdoors in the sunny day, or sterilizing in a sealed space for 1-2 hours by using ultraviolet rays.
7. A peach seedling grafting method based on the grafting technology according to claim 6, wherein the insecticidal method of peach seedling branches in the step (2) comprises the following steps: diluting with 10% imidacloprid or 50% pirimicarb with 1800-fold and 2200-fold water, and spraying the diluted solution onto the surfaces of peach seedling branches by spraying.
8. A peach seedling grafting method based on the grafting technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a cut is vertically cut at the position 2/3 inward of the cross section edge of the stock seedling, and the length of the cut is 8-12 mm; simultaneously taking out the peach seedling branches, spraying clear water, selecting 1-2 full buds to be cut short to form scions, cutting one side of each peach seedling branch to 2/3 parts of the cross section of the branch to form an oblique opening, and cutting the other side of each peach seedling branch to form a 1/3 oblique opening; the cut scion is vertically inserted into the cut of the stock, so that cambium layers on two sides of the scion and the stock are aligned.
9. A peach seedling grafting method based on a grafting technology according to claim 1, wherein the insect-repellent pouch is mainly composed of a desiccant area a, an insect-repellent agent area and a desiccant area B which are arranged from top to bottom, and a pouch body of the insect-repellent pouch is sewn from a non-woven fabric.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN119422673A (en) * | 2024-11-06 | 2025-02-14 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for mass-producing rubber tree seed grafting scion and seed grafting |
| US20250113778A1 (en) * | 2023-10-06 | 2025-04-10 | Matthew Ryan Bornstein | Grafting animal repellency |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN119422673A (en) * | 2024-11-06 | 2025-02-14 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for mass-producing rubber tree seed grafting scion and seed grafting |
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Application publication date: 20201013 |