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CN1116631A - Method for producing thermoplastic styrenic resin composition - Google Patents

Method for producing thermoplastic styrenic resin composition Download PDF

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CN1116631A
CN1116631A CN 94109547 CN94109547A CN1116631A CN 1116631 A CN1116631 A CN 1116631A CN 94109547 CN94109547 CN 94109547 CN 94109547 A CN94109547 A CN 94109547A CN 1116631 A CN1116631 A CN 1116631A
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许文龙
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Chi Mei Corp
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Chi Mei Corp
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Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing thermoplastic styrene resin composition with excellent ball drop impact resistance, high tensile strength, good processing formability and high gloss, which is characterized in that a carboxyl-containing high-molecular agglutinant is added into a synthetic rubber emulsion in a two-stage or more-stage adding manner in the aggregation process of the synthetic rubber emulsion.

Description

热可塑性苯乙烯系树脂组成物的制造方法Method for producing thermoplastic styrenic resin composition

现有的聚苯乙烯系中的丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)树脂制造技术通常由橡胶乳液与苯乙烯(SM),丙烯腈(AN)或甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)等单体进行乳化聚合反应。且因良好的表面光泽度与高抗落球冲击性而被广泛使用于汽车零件、电器用品等日常生活。其中橡胶乳液的粒径大小对产品的加工性质及抗冲击性有关,即当粒径增大时抗冲击性强度增高。而粒径增大时,抗张强度及光泽却随之下降。所以增加橡胶乳液粒径以制备抗冲击性树脂却仍能维持高抗张强度及高光泽性是当今高分子研究者的重要课题。The existing polystyrene-based acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) resin manufacturing technology usually consists of rubber emulsion and styrene (SM), acrylonitrile (AN) or methyl methacrylate (MMA ) and other monomers undergo emulsion polymerization. And because of its good surface gloss and high resistance to falling ball impact, it is widely used in daily life such as auto parts and electrical appliances. Among them, the particle size of the rubber emulsion is related to the processing properties and impact resistance of the product, that is, the impact resistance strength increases when the particle size increases. When the particle size increases, the tensile strength and gloss decrease. Therefore, increasing the particle size of rubber latex to prepare impact-resistant resins while still maintaining high tensile strength and high gloss is an important topic for polymer researchers today.

本发明揭示一种制造方法以制备一种热可塑性苯乙烯系树脂组成物,它具有聚集化的粒径特质的优异高抗落球冲击性并具良好的加工成型性、高抗张强度及高光泽等特性。橡胶粒子聚集化的技术是多年来高分子研究者致力开发的重要课题之一,在橡胶粒子的聚集化制备方法中有:利用酸酐技术(U.S.Pat.3652721,Dalton等)或含羧酸的技术(U.S.Pat.3944630,Fumio等)适用于聚集颗粒粒径在窄分布范围;使用加压或剪切的技术(ISRC—U.K.Pat.976212,297213,976214和1039727)可用于连续性操作以得广范围分布的聚集性颗粒粒径;利用亲水性聚合物在胶乳制程作为拒水性弹性体的聚集剂(叁考Wesslaw等的“对高分子晶格聚集化的观察”,″Inves-tigationsintotheAgglomerationofPolymerLatices″,Ange-wandteMakaromolekulareChemie,2,No.20,Apr.30,1969,PP.1—25),及(U.S.Pat.3825621,Ford等)其中须依产物特性而对聚集剂与接枝聚合反应条件有所选择。The present invention discloses a manufacturing method to prepare a thermoplastic styrenic resin composition, which has the characteristics of aggregated particle size, excellent high ball impact resistance, good processability, high tensile strength and high gloss and other characteristics. The technology of rubber particle aggregation is one of the important topics that polymer researchers have been devoting to develop for many years. In the preparation method of rubber particle aggregation, there are: using acid anhydride technology (U.S.Pat.3652721, Dalton, etc.) or technology containing carboxylic acid (U.S.Pat.3944630, Fumio, etc.) are suitable for aggregated particle sizes in a narrow distribution range; techniques using pressurization or shearing (ISRC—U.K.Pat.976212, 297213, 976214 and 1039727) can be used for continuous operation to obtain a wide range of Agglomerative particle size distribution in a range; using hydrophilic polymers in the latex process as an aggregating agent for water-repellent elastomers (refer to Wesslaw et al. "Observation on the Aggregation of Polymer Lattice", "Inves-tigations into the Agglomeration of Polymer Latices", Ange-wandte Makaromolekulare Chemie, 2, No.20, Apr.30, 1969, PP.1-25), and (U.S.Pat.3825621, Ford, etc.) wherein the aggregation agent and the graft polymerization reaction conditions must be adjusted according to the product characteristics choose.

在上述美国专利中加酸、盐或溶剂等化学方法或加压等物理方法的聚集法中,加入速度及搅拌速度都可能影响粒径大小,且因生产期间条件不易控制而易产生粒径超大或凝块,酸及盐类也会部分破坏乳化的安定性。尤其对含羧酸基的高分子凝集剂(以下简称C.A.latex)以一次(段)方式添加聚集橡胶粒子时,通常仅得到一分布相当窄的粒径,对于欲制造的高冲击性树脂会因粒径增大使得抗张强度及光泽度都下降。而用现有的连续添加C.A.latex方式来聚集橡胶粒子时(添加时间多超过5分钟),会因粒径分布不易控制,使得在接枝聚合时无法针对各种不同粒径的接枝构造作接枝调整,造成接枝聚合比例无法控制,以致物性变差。此种缺点对于含小粒径的ABS树脂而言,因其比同一重量的大粒子橡胶在树脂内的粒子分散距离短,使加工成型过程中因熔融和剪断而容易引起橡胶粒子的不良凝集,反而使成品的落球冲击强度降低。尤其在高温射出成型时因橡胶粒子不良凝集使得成型品表面光泽明显下降。In the aggregation method of chemical methods such as adding acid, salt or solvent or physical methods such as pressurization in the above-mentioned U.S. patent, the adding speed and stirring speed may affect the particle size, and the particle size is easy to be super large due to the difficult control of the conditions during the production period. Or clots, acids and salts will also partially destroy the stability of emulsification. Especially when adding aggregated rubber particles in one (segment) way to polymer coagulants containing carboxylic acid groups (hereinafter referred to as C.A.latex), usually only a fairly narrow particle size distribution is obtained, which may be difficult for the high-impact resin to be manufactured. The increase in particle size leads to a decrease in tensile strength and gloss. However, when using the existing method of continuously adding C.A.latex to aggregate rubber particles (the addition time is more than 5 minutes), the particle size distribution is not easy to control, so that it is impossible to make graft structures for various particle sizes during graft polymerization. Graft adjustment, resulting in uncontrollable graft polymerization ratio, resulting in poor physical properties. For ABS resin with small particle size, because the particle dispersion distance in the resin is shorter than that of large particle rubber of the same weight, it is easy to cause bad aggregation of rubber particles due to melting and shearing during processing and molding. On the contrary, the falling ball impact strength of the finished product is reduced. Especially during high-temperature injection molding, the surface gloss of molded products is significantly reduced due to poor aggregation of rubber particles.

本发明为解决上述不易得到同时具抗冲击性,高抗张强度及高光泽性热塑性树脂的难题,经锐意研究结果发展出一新颖性制造方法,即将C.A.latex分别以特定比例,特定时间间隔以两段或两段以上添加方式来聚集橡胶粒子,使接枝聚合比例容易控制,而获得优异的高落球冲击性、高抗张强度、良好加工成型性、和高光泽性的热可塑性苯乙烯系树脂组成物。In order to solve the above problems that it is difficult to obtain thermoplastic resins with impact resistance, high tensile strength and high gloss, the present invention develops a novel manufacturing method through dedicated research results, that is, to use C.A.latex in a specific ratio and a specific time interval Add two or more stages to aggregate rubber particles, so that the proportion of graft polymerization is easy to control, and obtain excellent high falling ball impact, high tensile strength, good processability, and high gloss thermoplastic styrene Resin composition.

以下所述及有关合成橡胶乳液或C.A.latex的重量份除非特别指出,均表示是在干重状态。本制造方法的特征在于:Unless otherwise specified, the parts by weight of the synthetic rubber emulsion or C.A.latex described below are all expressed in dry weight state. This manufacturing method is characterized in that:

(1)含100重量份的合成橡胶乳液添加1.0~6.7重量份的C.A.latex以实施聚集化,聚集化后乳液的pH值不小于6;(1) Add 1.0 to 6.7 parts by weight of C.A.latex to 100 parts by weight of synthetic rubber emulsion to implement aggregation, and the pH value of the emulsion after aggregation is not less than 6;

(2)C.A.latex采用两段或两段以上添加方式来聚集橡胶粒子,且第一段与第二段C.A.latex添加的时间间隔为10~60分钟;其中:(a)对100重量份橡胶,第一段C.A.latex添加量为0.2~0.8重量份;(b)对100重量份橡胶,第一段以后的C.A.latex添加量总和为0.8~5.9重量份;(c)第一段添加量与第一段以后的C.A.latex添加量总合的比例为1∶1至1∶20;(2) C.A.latex adopts two or more stages of addition to gather rubber particles, and the time interval between the first stage and the second stage of C.A.latex addition is 10 to 60 minutes; wherein: (a) for 100 parts by weight of rubber, The addition amount of C.A.latex in the first section is 0.2-0.8 parts by weight; (b) for 100 parts by weight of rubber, the sum of the addition amount of C.A.latex after the first section is 0.8-5.9 parts by weight; (c) the addition amount of the first section and the first section The ratio of the total amount of C.A.latex added after a period is 1:1 to 1:20;

(3)聚集化后的橡胶乳液在100重量份的存在下,可从芳香族乙烯系单体、不饱和腈系单体、甲基丙烯酸酯系单体中选出二种或二种以上单体10~150重量份,以及可与前述单体共聚合的含不饱合基的单体0~50重量份进行接枝聚合而成本发明的特征组成物。(3) In the presence of 100 parts by weight of the aggregated rubber emulsion, two or more monomers can be selected from aromatic vinyl monomers, unsaturated nitrile monomers, and methacrylate monomers. 10 to 150 parts by weight of monomers, and 0 to 50 parts by weight of unsaturated group-containing monomers that can be copolymerized with the aforementioned monomers are grafted and polymerized to form the characteristic composition of the present invention.

本发明对于此特征组成物的制造方法,按照其反应步骤分别将其特点详述于后:The present invention is for the manufacture method of this characteristic composition, according to its reaction step its feature is described in detail in the back respectively:

一.合成橡胶胶乳的制备1. Preparation of synthetic rubber latex

本发明的制造方法中所使用的合成橡胶乳液包括聚丁二烯系、丙烯酸酯系的均聚物、或可与此等单体所组成的共聚物、三聚物、多聚物橡胶。例如聚丁二烯、聚丙烯酸丁酯及丁二烯-不饱合脂肪族化合物的单乙烯化共聚物,如丁二烯-苯乙烯、丁二烯-α-甲基苯乙烯等的共聚物;丁二烯-不饱合腈共聚物,如丁二烯-丙烯腈、丁二烯-甲基丙烯腈等的共聚物;丁二烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物,如丁二烯-丙烯酸甲酯、丁二烯-丙烯酸正丁酯共聚物;丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸酯等的共聚物,如丁二烯-甲基丙烯酸乙酯。此于合成橡胶乳液中的橡胶粒子通常在0.04~0.18μm间。The synthetic rubber emulsion used in the production method of the present invention includes polybutadiene-based and acrylate-based homopolymers, or copolymers, terpolymers, and polymer rubbers that can be formed with these monomers. For example, polybutadiene, polybutyl acrylate and butadiene-unsaturated aliphatic compound monovinyl copolymers, such as butadiene-styrene, butadiene-α-methylstyrene, etc. ; Butadiene-unsaturated nitrile copolymers, such as butadiene-acrylonitrile, butadiene-methacrylonitrile, etc.; butadiene-acrylate copolymers, such as butadiene-methyl acrylate , Butadiene-n-butyl acrylate copolymer; butadiene-methacrylate copolymer, such as butadiene-ethyl methacrylate. The rubber particles in the synthetic rubber emulsion are usually between 0.04 and 0.18 μm.

二.C.A.latex的制备Two. Preparation of C.A.latex

本发明所述的C.A.latex通常包含羧基羧酸单体及丙烯酸烷酯单体的共聚物。烷基羧酸单体可为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、2-亚甲基丁二酸及丁烯酸等。而丙烯酸烷酯单体包括:丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸十二酯和类似。The C.A.latex of the present invention generally comprises a copolymer of carboxycarboxylic acid monomers and alkyl acrylate monomers. Alkyl carboxylic acid monomers can be acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-methylene succinic acid, crotonic acid and the like. Whereas the alkyl acrylate monomers include: methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and the like.

适当的乳化剂亦可加入此步骤的反应中,此类乳化剂包括阴离子表面活性剂如脂肪酸的钠盐、脂肪酸的钾盐、烷基苯磺酸钠、松脂酸钠、苯基乙氧基磺酸盐和类似化合物。Appropriate emulsifiers can also be added to the reaction of this step, such emulsifiers include anionic surfactants such as sodium salts of fatty acids, potassium salts of fatty acids, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, sodium rosinate, phenylethoxysulfonate salts and similar compounds.

当本发明的基底橡胶胶乳被C.A.latex聚集时,基底橡胶粒子仅需将上述两者胶乳在室温下混合并搅拌即可达到聚集效果。When the base rubber latex of the present invention is aggregated by C.A.latex, the base rubber particles only need to mix and stir the two latexes at room temperature to achieve the aggregation effect.

C.A.latex的pH值如果小于4,便无显着的聚集化的效果。当与橡胶胶乳混合后,pH值则不小于6,较好的是在pH7至13间。当pH值小于6时,无法得到良好的聚集效果,高于13时则使聚集化后的橡胶胶乳不稳定。If the pH value of C.A.latex is less than 4, there will be no significant aggregation effect. When mixed with rubber latex, the pH value is not less than 6, preferably between pH 7 and 13. When the pH value is less than 6, a good aggregation effect cannot be obtained, and when the pH value is higher than 13, the aggregated rubber latex is unstable.

三.聚集化反应3. Aggregation reaction

对100重量份橡胶的第一段C.A.latex添加量为0.2~0.8,而以0.3~0.6最佳;当第一段添加量少于0.2时,则与一段添加法相似,无法在高橡胶含量时得到高光泽树脂,当高于0.8时则会有超聚集粒子产生,使得抗张强度降低。对100重量份橡胶的第一段以后的C.A.latex添加量总和为0.8~5.9,而以1~3最佳;当第一段以后的添加量总和少于0.8时无法获得高落球冲击性的树脂,当高于5.9时将使加工成型性变差,反而造成生产成本的不经济。The addition amount of C.A.latex in the first stage to 100 parts by weight of rubber is 0.2-0.8, and 0.3-0.6 is the best; when the addition amount of the first stage is less than 0.2, it is similar to the one-stage addition method and cannot be used at high rubber content. A high-gloss resin is obtained. When it is higher than 0.8, super-aggregated particles will be generated, which will reduce the tensile strength. The total amount of C.A.latex added to 100 parts by weight of rubber after the first stage is 0.8 to 5.9, and 1 to 3 is the best; when the total amount added after the first stage is less than 0.8, a resin with high falling ball impact cannot be obtained , when it is higher than 5.9, the formability of processing will be deteriorated, which will cause uneconomical production cost.

本发明对C.A.latex的每一段添加皆需在3分钟内添加完毕,较佳为1.5分钟内,更佳为30秒内。而且第一段与第二段C.A.latex添加的时间间隔为10~60分钟,而以20~40分钟最佳;若间隔时间少于10分钟时,会因第一段聚集不完全反而使得在高温成型时表面光泽变得极差,而高于60分钟时对光泽性及落球冲击性并无进一步改善。且经本发明方法聚集化的橡胶粒子,其平均粒径在0.23~1.00μm间。In the present invention, each addition of C.A.latex needs to be completed within 3 minutes, preferably within 1.5 minutes, more preferably within 30 seconds. Moreover, the time interval between the first stage and the second stage of adding C.A.latex is 10 to 60 minutes, and 20 to 40 minutes is the best; The surface gloss becomes extremely poor during molding, and there is no further improvement in gloss and falling ball impact for more than 60 minutes. Moreover, the rubber particles aggregated by the method of the present invention have an average particle diameter between 0.23 and 1.00 μm.

四.接枝聚合反应4. Graft polymerization reaction

接枝共聚物的制备通常是利用现有的接枝聚合技术在聚集化的弹性体(橡胶)存在下与单体混合物进行接枝聚合反应,利用化学性的结合或接枝至少一种聚合物于弹性体上。按单体与弹性体的比例及聚合的条件,可同时获得接枝在弹性体上为人们所需要接枝程度的聚合物。通常,接枝聚合反应中,聚合的条件、弹性体的化学性质及粒子大小、单体加入的速率、链转移剂、催化剂等均有影响。The preparation of graft copolymers usually uses the existing graft polymerization technology to carry out graft polymerization reactions with monomer mixtures in the presence of aggregated elastomers (rubbers), using chemical combination or grafting of at least one polymer on the elastic body. According to the ratio of the monomer to the elastomer and the polymerization conditions, the polymer grafted on the elastomer to the desired degree of grafting can be obtained at the same time. Usually, in the graft polymerization reaction, the polymerization conditions, the chemical properties and particle size of the elastomer, the rate of monomer addition, the chain transfer agent, the catalyst, etc. are all affected.

引发剂或催化剂通常在可聚合单体的0.01~5.0重量份的范围内,最好在0.1~3.0,按单体及所需的聚合反应而定。引发剂可增量加入以利接枝聚合反应的进行。The initiator or catalyst is usually in the range of 0.01 to 5.0 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer, preferably 0.1 to 3.0 parts, depending on the monomer and the desired polymerization reaction. Initiator can be added incrementally to facilitate graft polymerization.

接枝聚合物的分子量大小,可藉由接枝聚合反应时的温度控制,和/或配合相当少量比例现有的分子量调节剂,如硫醇、卤化物和萜烯等(例:正十二烷基硫醇、第三(十二烷)基硫醇和萜品油烯)加以调控。接枝聚合反应亦可藉由改变聚合物在弹性体上(橡胶)的接枝量来控制。通常,此效应可利用单体混合物以连续或增量地加入聚合反应,并最好同时连续或增量地加入引发剂。各种现有的乳化自由基聚合反应引发剂可使用于接枝聚合反应,包括现有的过氧化物及偶氮化合物,其添加方式可在接枝聚合反应中一次加入或连续地或增量地加入。适当的过氧化物引发剂,例如碱金属过氧化物、过硫酸盐、过硼酸盐、过醋酸盐、过碳酸盐、过氧化氢。另外,油溶性引发剂亦可包括在内,如过氧化双-叔丁基、过氧化苯酰、过氧化十二烷基、过氧化油基、过氧化甲苯酰、双过酞酸酰-叔丁基酯、过醋酸叔丁基酯、过苯甲酸叔丁基酯、过氧化异丙苯基、过氧化叔丁基、重碳酸异丙基过氧基酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(第三丁基过氧基)己烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(第三丁基过氧基)-己烷-3、叔丁基化过氧氢、对异丙基苯化过氧氢、对甲基化过氧氢、环戊基化过氧氢、二异丙基苯化过氧氢、对叔丁基异丙基苯化过氧氢、蒎烷化过氧氢、2,5-二甲基己基-2,5-二过氧化氢等,或以上的混合物。另有其他方式的自由基催化剂亦被使用,例如光化照射。The molecular weight of the grafted polymer can be controlled by the temperature during the graft polymerization, and/or a relatively small amount of existing molecular weight regulators, such as mercaptans, halides and terpenes, etc. (for example: positive twelve Alkylthiol, tertiary (dodecyl) mercaptan and terpinolene) to regulate. Graft polymerization can also be controlled by varying the amount of polymer grafted onto the elastomer (rubber). In general, this effect can be achieved by continuously or incrementally adding the monomer mixture to the polymerization reaction, preferably simultaneously with the continuous or incrementally adding the initiator. Various existing emulsified radical polymerization initiators can be used in graft polymerization, including existing peroxides and azo compounds, which can be added at one time or continuously or incrementally during graft polymerization to join. Suitable peroxide initiators, for example alkali metal peroxides, persulfates, perborates, peracetates, percarbonates, hydrogen peroxide. In addition, oil-soluble initiators can also be included, such as bis-tert-butyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lauryl peroxide, oleyl peroxide, toluyl peroxide, bis-perphthalic acid-tert Butyl ester, tert-butyl peracetate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, cumyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, isopropyl peroxy dicarbonate, 2,5-dimethyl- 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane-3, tert-butylated Oxyhydrogen, p-Cymene Hydroperoxide, p-Methylated Hydroperoxide, Cyclopentylated Hydroperoxide, Diisopropylbenzene Hydroperoxide, p-Tert-Butyl Isopropyl Hydroperoxide, Pinane hydroperoxide, 2,5-dimethylhexyl-2,5-dihydroperoxide, etc., or a mixture of the above. Other forms of free radical catalysts have also been used, such as actinic irradiation.

聚集化后的橡胶乳液及单体混合物在温度范围20~100℃的惰性气体下搅拌以做聚合反应,亦可加压至0~100p.s.i.g.。聚合反应持续至至少90%的单体被聚合,此聚合反应时间通常需时2~10小时,且最好为4~8小时。最后,残留的单体及其他挥发性化合物中用脱水、洗涤、及干燥的方式分离。胶乳可以喷雾干燥、加盐凝结或其他方式来脱水。The aggregated rubber emulsion and monomer mixture are stirred under an inert gas with a temperature range of 20-100°C for polymerization, or pressurized to 0-100 p.s.i.g. The polymerization is continued until at least 90% of the monomers are polymerized. The polymerization time usually takes 2-10 hours, and preferably 4-8 hours. Finally, residual monomers and other volatile compounds are separated by dehydration, washing, and drying. Latex can be spray dried, coagulated with salt, or otherwise dehydrated.

对聚集化后的橡胶乳液进行接枝聚合反应时,在100重量份(干重)的存在下,可从芳香族乙烯系单体、不饱和腈系单体、甲基丙烯酸酯系单体中选出二种或二种以上单体10~150重量份,以及可与前述单体聚合的含不饱合基的单体0~50重量份进行接枝聚合。When the rubber emulsion after aggregation is carried out graft polymerization, in the presence of 100 parts by weight (dry weight), it can be obtained from aromatic vinyl monomers, unsaturated nitrile monomers, and methacrylate monomers. 10-150 parts by weight of two or more monomers are selected, and 0-50 parts by weight of monomers containing unsaturated groups that can be polymerized with the aforementioned monomers are used for graft polymerization.

芳香族乙烯系单体可为:苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、α-氯苯乙烯、p-t-丁基苯乙烯、p-甲基苯乙烯、o-氯苯乙烯、p-氯苯乙烯、2,5-二氯苯乙烯、3,4-二氯苯乙烯、2,4,6-三溴苯乙烯、2,5-二溴苯乙烯等,其中以苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯较佳。Aromatic vinyl monomers can be: styrene, α-methylstyrene, α-chlorostyrene, p-t-butylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene , 2,5-dichlorostyrene, 3,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,4,6-tribromostyrene, 2,5-dibromostyrene, etc., in which styrene or α-methylbenzene Ethylene is preferred.

不饱和腈系单体可为:丙烯腈、α-甲基丙烯腈、异丁烯腈、丙二腈、反丁烯腈等,其中以丙烯腈较佳。The unsaturated nitrile monomers can be: acrylonitrile, α-methacrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, malononitrile, fumacronitrile, etc., among which acrylonitrile is preferred.

甲基丙烯酸酯系单体可为:甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸十二酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯及甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯等,其中以甲基丙烯酸甲酯较佳。Methacrylate monomers can be: methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid Cyclohexyl ester, lauryl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, among which methyl methacrylate is preferred.

可共聚合的单体如马来酰亚胺系单体可为:马来酰亚胺、N-甲基马来酰亚胺、N-异丙基马来酰亚胺、N-丁基马来酰亚胺、N-己基马来酰亚胺、N-辛基马来酰亚胺、N-十二基马来酰亚胺、N-环己基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺、N-2,3-或4-甲苯基马来酰亚胺、N-2,3-或4-乙苯基马来酰亚胺、N-2,3-或4-丁苯基马来酰亚胺、N-2,6-甲苯基马来酰亚胺、N-2,3-或4-氯苯基马来酰亚胺、N-2,3-或4-溴苯基马来酰亚胺。Copolymerizable monomers such as maleimide monomers can be: maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, N-butylmaleimide Laimide, N-hexylmaleimide, N-octylmaleimide, N-dodecylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide Laimide, N-2,3- or 4-tolylmaleimide, N-2,3- or 4-ethylphenylmaleimide, N-2,3- or 4-butane Phenylmaleimide, N-2,6-tolylmaleimide, N-2,3- or 4-chlorophenylmaleimide, N-2,3- or 4-bromo Phenylmaleimide.

除上述者之外,其他可共聚合单体尚有:丙烯酸系单体、无水马来酸、无水次甲基丁二酸、无水甲基顺丁烯二酸、无水二十五酸、一及二羟酯等不饱和碳酸以及其酯系单体、乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、氯化乙烯基、氯化乙烯叉四氟化乙烯、一氯三氟化乙烯、六氟化丙烯、丁二烯、丙烯基胺、异丁烯基胺、醋酸乙烯基、乙烯基一氮伍圆酮、乙烯基一氮三烯陆圜、乙烯基二氨脲、乙烯基醚、乙烯基酮、苯并环丙烯、萘并乙烯等。In addition to the above, other copolymerizable monomers include: acrylic monomers, anhydrous maleic acid, anhydrous methine succinic acid, anhydrous methylmaleic acid, anhydrous 25 Acids, unsaturated carbonic acids such as mono- and dihydroxy esters and their ester monomers, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, vinyl chloride, vinyl chloride Ethylene tetrafluoride, ethylene chlorotrifluoride, propylene hexafluoride, butadiene, propenylamine, isobutenylamine, vinyl acetate, vinyl azotriene, vinyl azotriene , Vinyl diaminocarbamide, vinyl ether, vinyl ketone, benzocyclopropene, naphthoethylene, etc.

五.聚合物的掺合5. Blending of polymers

本发明制程中的接枝聚合反应程序的最终产物常是较高橡胶含量的聚合物混合物。接枝聚合物常被混合入前述接枝用单体所成的共聚物,如苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物等,以增加基体聚合物的量及降低橡胶含量。用来稀释接枝共聚物的此类树脂共聚物可经由乳化、悬浮或本体聚合技术制造。通常,最终掺合物含有2~50重量百分率的橡胶弹性体成份,较好为7~35重量百分率,且最好的是10~25重量百分率。The end product of the graft polymerization procedure in the process of the present invention is often a higher rubber content polymer mixture. Graft polymers are often mixed into copolymers of the aforementioned grafting monomers, such as styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers, etc., to increase the amount of matrix polymer and reduce rubber content. Such resin copolymers used to dilute the graft copolymers can be produced via emulsification, suspension or bulk polymerization techniques. Typically, the final blend contains 2 to 50 weight percent of the rubber elastomer component, preferably 7 to 35 weight percent, and most preferably 10 to 25 weight percent.

以下的实施例可详细说明本发明的优异性,但并非用以限制本发明的保护范围,其中提及成份是以重量份为基准。The following examples can describe the superiority of the present invention in detail, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, and the mentioned ingredients are based on parts by weight.

实施例1~5Embodiment 1-5

五种因C.A.latex的不同添加方式而得的接枝聚合物,依下述步骤(A)-(D)制备而得:Five kinds of graft polymers obtained by adding C.A.latex in different ways are prepared according to the following steps (A)-(D):

(A)未聚集橡胶胶乳(A-1)的制造方法 组成物    重量份 1,3-丁二烯     150.00 过硫酸钾溶液(1%)     15.00 十二烷基硫酸钠溶液(10%)     20.00 蒸馏水     190.00 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯     0.13 (A) Manufacturing method of non-aggregated rubber latex (A-1) Composition parts by weight 1,3-butadiene 150.00 Potassium persulfate solution (1%) 15.00 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution (10%) 20.00 distilled water 190.00 Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 0.13

依以上配方在反应温度65℃下反应12小时,得到转化率为94%,固体含量约40%,而重量平均粒径约0.1μm的橡胶胶乳(A-1)。According to the above formula, react at a reaction temperature of 65° C. for 12 hours to obtain a rubber latex (A-1) with a conversion rate of 94%, a solid content of about 40%, and a weight average particle size of about 0.1 μm.

(B)C.A.latex(B-1)的制造方法 组成物    重量份 丙烯酸乙酯     90.0 丙烯酸     10.0 过硫酸钾溶液(1%)     0.5 十二烷基硫酸钠溶液(10%)     0.5 蒸馏水     200.0 (B) Manufacturing method of CAlatex (B-1) Composition parts by weight ethyl acrylate 90.0 acrylic acid 10.0 Potassium persulfate solution (1%) 0.5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Solution (10%) 0.5 distilled water 200.0

依以上配方在反应温度75℃下反应5小时,得到转化率约95%,pH6.0的C.A.latex(B-1)。According to the above formula, react at a reaction temperature of 75°C for 5 hours to obtain C.A.latex (B-1) with a conversion rate of about 95% and a pH of 6.0.

(C)聚集化橡胶胶乳(C-1)的制造方法将含100重量份(干重)的橡胶胶乳(A-1),依表1中的C.A.latex(B-1)成份用两段(或以上)添加方式来聚集橡胶粒子,所得的聚集化橡胶胶乳(C-1)pH值约8.5。(C) The manufacture method of aggregation rubber latex (C-1) will contain the rubber latex (A-1) of 100 weight parts (dry weight), according to the C.A.latex (B-1) composition in Table 1 with two stages ( or above) to aggregate rubber particles, and the resulting aggregated rubber latex (C-1) has a pH value of about 8.5.

(D)将聚集化橡胶胶乳(C-1)进行接枝聚合反应,以制造接枝共聚物(D-1)(D) Graft polymerization of the aggregated rubber latex (C-1) to produce a graft copolymer (D-1)

组成物    重量份 聚集化后的聚丁二烯胶乳(干重)     100.0 苯乙烯     75.0 丙烯腈     25.0 第三-十二烷基硫醇     2.0 二-异丙基过氧化氢苯     3.0 硫酸亚铁溶液(0.2%)     3.0 甲醛化次硫酸钠溶液(10%)     0.9 乙二胺四醋酸溶液(0.25%)     3.0 实施例6 Composition parts by weight Aggregated polybutadiene latex (dry weight) 100.0 Styrene 75.0 Acrylonitrile 25.0 tertiary-dodecylmercaptan 2.0 Di-isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide 3.0 Ferrous sulfate solution (0.2%) 3.0 Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate solution (10%) 0.9 EDTA solution (0.25%) 3.0 Example 6

如实施例1~5的实验步骤,且C.A.latex(B-1)的添加方式同实施例1(表1),除了(D)步骤的接枝聚合单体改为:As in the experimental procedures of Examples 1 to 5, and the addition method of C.A.latex (B-1) is the same as in Example 1 (Table 1), except that the graft polymerization monomer in step (D) is changed to:

单体monomer    重量份parts by weight 苯乙烯Styrene     70.070.0 丙烯腈Acrylonitrile     20.020.0 甲基丙烯酸甲酯Methyl methacrylate     5.05.0  N-苯基马来酰亚胺N-Phenylmaleimide     5.05.0

在混合单体连续加入下,接枝聚合反应进行8.5小时,得到转化率约95%的接枝共聚物。Under the continuous feeding of mixed monomers, the graft polymerization reaction was carried out for 8.5 hours, and a graft copolymer with a conversion rate of about 95% was obtained.

表1:实施例1~6的C.A.latex(B-1)添加方式 实施例 添加方式 第一段添加量(#) 第二段添加量(#) 第三段添加量(#) 总添加量(#) 第一、二段添加间隔(分) 比率(*)     1 两段 0.3  2.2   0     2.5     20  7.3     2 两段 0.4  2.4   0     2.8     20  6.0     3 两段 0.4  2.4   0     2.8     40  6.0     4 两段 0.6  2.2   0     2.8     20  3.7     5 三段 0.6  2.0   0.4($)     3.0     20  4.0     6 两段 0.3  1.8   0     2.1     20  6.0 Table 1: CAlatex (B-1) addition method of Examples 1-6 Example Add method The amount added in the first paragraph (#) The amount added in the second paragraph (#) The amount added in the third paragraph (#) Total amount added (#) The interval between adding the first and second paragraphs (minutes) ratio(*) 1 two sections 0.3 2.2 0 2.5 20 7.3 2 two sections 0.4 2.4 0 2.8 20 6.0 3 two sections 0.4 2.4 0 2.8 40 6.0 4 two sections 0.6 2.2 0 2.8 20 3.7 5 Three sections 0.6 2.0 0.4 ($) 3.0 20 4.0 6 two sections 0.3 1.8 0 2.1 20 6.0

(#):单位为重量份(#): The unit is parts by weight

(*):第二段以后C.A.latex总量/第一段C.A.latex量(*): Total amount of C.A.latex after the second paragraph/C.A.latex amount in the first paragraph

($):第二及第三段添加间隔时间为10分钟($): The interval between adding the second and third paragraphs is 10 minutes

比较例1~8Comparative Examples 1-8

依实施例1~6同样配方制造未聚集橡胶胶乳(A-1)、C.A.latex(B-1)及接枝共聚物(D-1)。唯C.A.latex的添加方式采用如表2的两段(比较例1~4),一段或连续(比较例5~8)。Unaggregated rubber latex (A-1), C.A.latex (B-1) and graft copolymer (D-1) were produced according to the same formulation as in Examples 1-6. Only C.A.latex is added in two stages (comparative examples 1-4), one stage or continuous (comparative examples 5-8) as shown in Table 2.

表2:比较例1~8的C.A.latex(B-1)添加方式 比较例 添加方式 第一段添加量(#) 第二段添加量(#) 总添加量(#) 第一、二段添加间隔(分) 连续式添加时间(分) 比率(*)     1 两段 0.1  2.7  2.8     20  ——  27     2 两段 1.0  1.8  2.8     20  ——     3 两段 2.5  0.3  2.8     20  ——     4 两段 0.4  2.4  2.8     5  ——     5 一段 ——  ——  2.8     —  ——     6 一段 ——  ——  4.0     —  ——     7 连续 ——  ——  2.8     —  10     8 连续 ——  ——  2.8     —  20 Table 2: Addition methods of CAlatex (B-1) in Comparative Examples 1 to 8 comparative example Add method The amount added in the first paragraph (#) The amount added in the second paragraph (#) Total amount added (#) The interval between adding the first and second paragraphs (minutes) Continuous adding time (minutes) ratio(*) 1 two sections 0.1 2.7 2.8 20 —— 27 2 two sections 1.0 1.8 2.8 20 —— 3 two sections 2.5 0.3 2.8 20 —— 4 two sections 0.4 2.4 2.8 5 —— 5 section —— —— 2.8 —— 6 section —— —— 4.0 —— 7 continuous —— —— 2.8 10 8 continuous —— —— 2.8 20

(#):单位为重量份(#): The unit is parts by weight

(*):第二段以后C.A.latex总量/第一段C.A.latex量(*): Total amount of C.A.latex after the second paragraph/C.A.latex amount in the first paragraph

物理性能测试Physical Performance Test

将5%的硫酸水溶液加入接枝共聚物(D-1),于90℃搅拌10分钟后可得到凝结析出物,此析出物经脱水、水洗、干燥后得到接枝共聚物粉末。Add 5% sulfuric acid aqueous solution to the graft copolymer (D-1), and stir at 90°C for 10 minutes to obtain a condensed precipitate, which is dehydrated, washed with water, and dried to obtain a graft copolymer powder.

于AS树脂中加入2,6-二-叔丁基-4-甲基唑(0.1%),磷酸三苯酯(0.1%),乙烯双硬脂酰胺(2%)等,与上述的接枝共聚物粉末搭配成不同的橡胶含量,并共同混合后以挤压机挤压得到塑胶粒产品。光泽度及抗张强度物理性测试,测定方法如下:Add 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylazole (0.1%), triphenyl phosphate (0.1%), ethylene bis stearamide (2%), etc. to the AS resin, and the above-mentioned grafting The copolymer powder is mixed into different rubber content, and after being mixed together, it is extruded by an extruder to obtain a plastic pellet product. Gloss and tensile strength physical test, the determination method is as follows:

落球冲击强度Falling ball impact strength

以射出成型机射出半径50mm,厚度3mm的圆形试验板,于室温(23℃)下用5kg的钢球坠落撞击试验板中心,以求得试验板未被破坏的最大能量,其单位为kg.cm。表面光泽度Use an injection molding machine to inject a circular test plate with a radius of 50mm and a thickness of 3mm, and hit the center of the test plate with a 5kg steel ball at room temperature (23°C) to obtain the maximum energy that the test plate is not damaged. The unit is kg .cm. surface gloss

以射出成型机(震雄机械公司制的SM-90射出成型机)分别于230℃及280℃成型温度下,射出50mm(宽)×90mm(长)×3mm(厚)的板状成型物。成型平板用光泽计(Gardner制,Micro—TRI型设备)以60。入射角测定五组成型平板的平均数值,其单位为%。Using an injection molding machine (SM-90 injection molding machine manufactured by Chen Hsong Machinery Co., Ltd.) at molding temperatures of 230° C. and 280° C., a plate-shaped molding of 50 mm (width)×90 mm (length)×3 mm (thickness) was injected. The gloss meter (manufactured by Gardner, Micro-TRI type equipment) for the molded flat plate was 60. The average value of the five-component flat plate was determined by the incident angle, and the unit is %.

抗张强度tensile strength

依美规ASTMD—638法测试,其单位为kg/cm。It is tested according to the US standard ASTMD-638 method, and its unit is kg/cm.

测试结果Test Results

(A)在实施例1~6中依C.A.latex不同添加方式而得的接枝共聚物,再制得塑胶粒产品试验片施以上述物理性测试,结果如表3。(A) The graft copolymer obtained according to the different ways of adding C.A.latex in Examples 1-6, and then the test piece of the plastic particle product was subjected to the above physical test, and the results are shown in Table 3.

表3:经实施例1~6而得的塑胶产品试验片,其落球冲击强度、表面光泽度、抗张强度测试结果。Table 3: Test results of falling ball impact strength, surface gloss and tensile strength of the plastic product test pieces obtained in Examples 1-6.

实施例Example 橡胶含量(重量份)Rubber content (parts by weight) 落球冲击强度(kg·cm)Falling ball impact strength (kg cm)     表面光泽度  Surface Gloss     抗张强度(kg/cm)  Tensile strength (kg/cm) 射温230℃Shot temperature 230℃ 射温280℃Shooting temperature 280℃     1 1     2020     400400     9292     8282     402402     2 2     2020     400400     9393     8080     406406     33     2020     420420     9090     8282     395395     44     2020     380380     9191     8080     390390     55     2020     380380     8888     7878     386386     66     2020     380380     9090     8080     390390

显示,由本发明的方法以二段或二段以上方式添加C.A.latex可得优异高落球冲击强度,并具高抗张强度,高光泽性的经聚集化橡胶改质苯乙烯系树脂。It shows that by adding C.A.latex in two or more stages by the method of the present invention, an aggregated rubber-modified styrene resin with excellent high falling ball impact strength, high tensile strength and high gloss can be obtained.

(B)于比较例1~8中依C.A.latex不同添加方式而得的接枝聚物,再制得塑胶粒产品试验片施以上述物理测试,(B) The graft polymers obtained by adding C.A.latex in different ways in Comparative Examples 1 to 8, and then the test pieces of plastic pellets were subjected to the above physical tests.

结果如表4。The results are shown in Table 4.

表4:经比较例1~8而得的塑胶产品试验片,其落球冲击强度、表面光泽度、抗张强度测试结果。 实施例 橡胶含量(重量份) 落球冲击强度(kg·cm)     表面光泽度     抗张强度(kg/cm) 射温230℃ 射温280℃     1     20     320     90     62     398     2     20     340     86     70     362     3     20     350     88     68     358     4     20     360     88     52     392     5     20     320     92     82     408     6     20     380     76     64     352     7     20     360     89     46     386     8     20     350     90     34     378 Table 4: Test results of falling ball impact strength, surface gloss and tensile strength of the plastic product test pieces obtained in Comparative Examples 1-8. Example Rubber content (parts by weight) Falling ball impact strength (kg cm) surface gloss Tensile strength (kg/cm) Shot temperature 230℃ Shooting temperature 280℃ 1 20 320 90 62 398 2 20 340 86 70 362 3 20 350 88 68 358 4 20 360 88 52 392 5 20 320 92 82 408 6 20 380 76 64 352 7 20 360 89 46 386 8 20 350 90 34 378

如表4所示,当第一段C.A.latex的添加量不足,如比较As shown in Table 4, when the amount of C.A.latex added in the first paragraph is insufficient, as compared

例1,则落球冲击强度及表面光泽度不佳;而当第一段C.A.latex的添加量过多,如比较例2及3,则抗张强度变差;若第一段与第二段添加的时间间隔不够,如比较例4,则高温加工成型性变差,无法得到高光泽特性树脂。而以现有的一段方式添加C.A.latex,如比较例5及6,欲获得高落球冲击强度时,却使抗张强度变差,光泽度也随之降低。若以现有的连续方式添加C.A.latex,如比较例7及8,欲获得高落球冲击强度时,则导致高温加工成型性变差,而大为降低了成型品的光泽度。Example 1, the falling ball impact strength and surface gloss are not good; and when the amount of C.A.latex added in the first section is too much, such as Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the tensile strength becomes poor; if the first section and the second section add The time interval is not enough, as in Comparative Example 4, the high-temperature processability deteriorates, and a high-gloss resin cannot be obtained. However, adding C.A.latex in the existing one-step method, such as Comparative Examples 5 and 6, when high falling ball impact strength is desired, the tensile strength is deteriorated, and the gloss is also reduced. If C.A.latex is added in the existing continuous way, such as Comparative Examples 7 and 8, to obtain high falling ball impact strength, it will lead to poor formability during high temperature processing, and greatly reduce the gloss of molded products.

Claims (6)

1. the manufacture method through gatheringization rubber modified styrene series resin comprises: (1) is that the rubber latex of 0.04~0.18 μ m is added polymer coagulant (C.A.latex) gatheringizations contain the carboxylic acid group with median size, and making the formation median size is the gathering rubber latex of 0.23~1.0 μ m; (2) rubber latex after the gatheringization is in the presence of 100 weight parts (dry weight), can be monomer from aromatic vinyl, unsaturated nitrile is a monomer, select two or more monomer 10~150 weight parts in the methacrylate ester monomer, and can carry out graft polymerization with the monomer that contains unsaturated group 0~50 weight part of aforementioned monomer copolymerization, it is characterized in that: the C.A.latex addition manner that contains the carboxylic acid group in described (1) is the mode that is divided into more than two sections or two sections, and in the presence of the rubber latex of 100 weight parts (dry weight), first section addition of C.A.latex is 0.2~0.8 weight part; First section later addition summation is 0.8~5.9 weight part.
2. according to the manufacture method of claim 1, it is characterized in that in the presence of the rubber latex of 100 weight parts (dry weight) that first section addition the best of C.A.latex is 0.3~0.6 weight part; First section later addition summation the best is 1~3 weight part.
3. according to the manufacturing processed of claim 1, it is characterized in that C.A.latex is 10~60 minutes first period timed interval with second section interpolation.
4. according to the manufacturing processed of claim 1, it is characterized in that C.A.latex is 20~40 minutes first section timed interval the best with second section interpolation.
5. according to the manufacturing processed of claim 1, it is characterized in that C.A.latex first section with first section after the ratio 1: 1~1: 20 of addition summation.
6. manufacturing processed according to claim 1 when it is characterized in that the C.A.latex addition manner is divided into more than two sections or two sections, is in 3 minutes during every section interpolation.
CN 94109547 1994-08-12 1994-08-12 Method for producing thermoplastic styrenic resin composition Pending CN1116631A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115043994A (en) * 2021-03-08 2022-09-13 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Emulsion polymerization preparation method of thermoplastic resin with improved heat resistance and thermoplastic resin obtained by emulsion polymerization preparation method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115043994A (en) * 2021-03-08 2022-09-13 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Emulsion polymerization preparation method of thermoplastic resin with improved heat resistance and thermoplastic resin obtained by emulsion polymerization preparation method
CN115043994B (en) * 2021-03-08 2023-07-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Emulsion polymerization preparation method of thermoplastic resin with improved heat resistance and thermoplastic resin obtained by emulsion polymerization preparation method

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