CN111666094B - Real-time firmware upgrading system and method - Google Patents
Real-time firmware upgrading system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111666094B CN111666094B CN202010497325.0A CN202010497325A CN111666094B CN 111666094 B CN111666094 B CN 111666094B CN 202010497325 A CN202010497325 A CN 202010497325A CN 111666094 B CN111666094 B CN 111666094B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/60—Software deployment
- G06F8/65—Updates
- G06F8/656—Updates while running
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/60—Software deployment
- G06F8/65—Updates
- G06F8/654—Updates using techniques specially adapted for alterable solid state memories, e.g. for EEPROM or flash memories
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for updating real-time firmware. The system comprises at least two program memories, a central processing unit, a download control circuit, a communication interface, a check and a status register, wherein the central processing unit runs current firmware in the program memories, when the download control circuit detects new firmware, an interrupt request is sent to the central processing unit, after the central processing unit responds, the download control circuit is instructed to download the new firmware into another program memory while running the current firmware, and after the download is completed, the central processing unit is switched to another program memory with the new firmware and runs the new firmware. The invention can download and run the new firmware without stopping the current running program of the system and restarting the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of system firmware upgrading, in particular to a firmware upgrading system and a firmware upgrading method.
Background
In the prior art, when the system firmware is upgraded, all programs currently running must be stopped. When the new firmware is downloaded and burned, the system is restarted, and then the system is allowed to run the new firmware and other programs. More and more embedded control systems use flash memory to store firmware, but flash memory has a limitation on the number of times of writing. When the number of times of flash memory burning is close to the maximum limit value, the system is in downtime risk.
However, some special industries do not allow for system downtime and require that the current program cannot be stopped from running in firmware upgrades, such as: security systems, power systems, etc. Once the current program ceases to operate, it affects public benefits or affects the normal operation of the enterprise.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention solves the problems of the prior art and provides a new firmware upgrade system and method. The system can realize that the currently running system program is not stopped in the firmware upgrading process, and new firmware can be run without restarting the system.
In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention provides a real-time firmware upgrade system, which includes a central processing unit, at least two program memories for independently storing firmware, wherein the program memories are electrically connected with the central processing unit. The system also comprises a communication interface and a download control circuit electrically connected with the communication interface, wherein the download control circuit is also electrically connected with the program memory respectively. When the download is completed correctly, the CPU switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein.
The program memories are two independent program memories, namely a first program memory and a second program memory, and the first program memory and the second program memory are electrically connected with the central processing unit through check boxes.
The CPU reads the firmware version information in the status register, and selects the program memory storing the latest downloaded firmware to run in the initial running process.
When the firmware with new version is needed to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit. After the CPU responds to the interrupt request, the idle program memory is selected for the download control circuit to download the new firmware.
When the firmware with new version is needed to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit. After the CPU responds to the interrupt request, it checks whether another idle program memory is normal. If normal, the CPU downloads the new version firmware to the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
After the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is checked. When the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again. After the CPU responds to the interrupt request, the CPU switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the verification is wrong, the CPU does not switch, and the firmware in the original program memory is still run.
When the CPU switches to the newly downloaded program memory, it will first access the switching firmware area of the current program memory. When the CPU executes the program for switching the firmware area, the CPU can switch to the program processor with new firmware stored therein and run the new firmware.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a real-time program upgrading method based on a real-time program upgrading system, comprising the steps of:
the firmware operates, the CPU is electrically connected with at least two program memories which independently store the firmware, and only firmware in one program memory is operated currently;
when the firmware of a new version is needed to be downloaded, the central processing unit downloads the firmware into other idle program memories which are not operated through a downloading control circuit;
and switching firmware, namely switching the CPU to a newly downloaded program memory to run new firmware therein after the downloading is correctly completed.
The program memory comprises a first program memory and a second program memory, and in the program running step, the CPU only runs the firmware in the first program memory or only runs the firmware in the second program memory.
In the firmware downloading step, when the downloading control circuit detects that new firmware needs to be downloaded, the downloading control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit responds to the interrupt request and then selects an idle program memory for the downloading control circuit to download the new firmware.
When the download control circuit detects that new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit. After the central processor responds to the interrupt request, the central processor checks whether the other idle program memory is normal. If normal, the CPU downloads the new firmware to the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
After the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is checked. When the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again. After the CPU responds to the interrupt request, the CPU is switched to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the error is checked, the CPU does not switch, and the firmware in the original program memory is still run.
When the CPU switches to the newly downloaded program memory, it accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory. When the CPU executes the program for switching the firmware area, the CPU can switch to the program processor with new firmware stored therein and run the new firmware.
The system and the method for upgrading the real-time firmware can download the new firmware into the idle program memory by arranging at least two program memories for independently storing the firmware, and the CPU directly operates the new firmware in the program memory after the downloading is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a real-time firmware upgrade system, in which a check box is connected to a CPU and two program memories, and the CPU can only run firmware in one of the program memories;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a third embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system, in which a CPU selects a program memory storing the latest firmware to run by reading information of a status register;
FIG. 4 shows a switch firmware region in the program memory of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a real-time firmware upgrade method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a real-time firmware upgrade method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system, which includes at least two program memories 1 for independently storing firmware, a central processing unit 2, a download control circuit 3, and a communication interface 4.
Fig. 1 shows an example as two program memories 1, the program memories 1 being electrically connected to a central processor 2; such an electrical connection allows the central processor 2 to execute, invoke, modify, store firmware or programs in the program memory 1, but in other embodiments, an equal number of program memories 1, such as 3 or 4, may be used, as the invention is not limited thereto.
The firmware is software embedded in hardware, and is a system software. The firmware is typically updated according to the system requirements.
Further, the program memory 1 is a storage medium for storing firmware in the present invention. One of ordinary skill in the art may select a storage medium to which to read and write when implementing the present invention. At least two program memories 1 are provided for implementing the invention. The central processing unit 2 only runs the firmware of 1 in one program memory at the same time, and when the firmware of a new version exists in the other program memory serving as a standby program memory, the central processing unit 2 downloads the firmware into the standby program memory.
The central processing unit 2 is a core component in the system responsible for reading instructions, decoding the instructions and executing the instructions. The system is electrically connected with a download control circuit 3, a central processing unit 2 selects a program memory 1, and when the system needs to run the current firmware or the new version firmware, the central processing unit 2 selects the program memory storing the current firmware or the program memory storing the new version firmware to run. The central processing unit 2 responds to the interrupt request of the download control circuit 3 to control the download control circuit 3 to download, store and check the new firmware.
The download control circuit 3 is electrically connected to the communication interface 4, and the download control circuit 3 is also electrically connected to the program memory 1, respectively. The communication interface 4 here includes an interface having a communication transmission function such as a network communication interface, a wireless communication interface, and a USB interface. The download control circuit 3 is mainly used for detecting when the communication interface 4 receives new firmware, interacting with the central processing unit 2, completing the downloading, checking and selectively storing the new firmware into the corresponding program memory 1. When the download is completed correctly, the CPU 2 switches to the newly downloaded program memory 1 to run the new firmware therein.
The download control circuit 3 is electrically connected with the communication interface 4 and the central processing unit 2. When the download control circuit 3 detects an external new version of firmware while communicating with the communication interface 4, an interrupt request is issued to the central processing unit 2. After the central processing unit 2 responds to the interrupt request, the download control circuit 3 is required to download new firmware to the program memory 1.
And a communication interface 4 electrically connected with the download control circuit 3 for transmitting data.
It can be seen that, here, by means of the plurality of program memories 1, on one hand, normal running of the current firmware program is guaranteed, on the other hand, when new firmware is downloaded, the current firmware program does not need to stop executing, but is stored into the other program memory 1 under the action of the download control circuit 3 and the central processing unit 2, and when the downloading is completed, the firmware program is directly switched to the program memory 1 where the new firmware is located to execute.
Preferably, if an operation obstacle or a fault such as an infectious virus, unstable program operation, etc. is faced in the program memory 1 where the new firmware is executed, the program memory may be returned to the previous program memory for operation. Thus, a standby safety protection mechanism or safety mode can be provided, and the operation stability of the system is enhanced.
Further preferably, in order to reduce the amount of information transmission of the new firmware, the new firmware includes only information different from the firmware in the standby program memory 1, and therefore, when the new firmware is received, the firmware of the standby program memory 1 is subjected to the update processing using the information in the new firmware, thereby completing the update of the firmware of the standby program memory 1. This way, the transmission amount of new firmware can be reduced, and the firmware content in the standby program memory 1 can be utilized to update only the places where the updating and modification are needed, which is beneficial to improving the processing speed.
Further preferably, the new firmware only includes information different from the firmware in the current running program memory 1, so that when the new firmware is received, the firmware in the current running program memory 1 can be upgraded by using the information in the new firmware, and the new firmware obtained after the upgrade is stored in the standby program memory 1 as the updated new firmware. The method is more beneficial to the combination of the new firmware and the currently operated firmware, and improves the timeliness and accuracy of firmware upgrading.
Preferably, in the present invention, the meaning of two program memories 1 or more program memories 1 includes not only two or more independent memory chips but also two or more independent program memory spaces divided in the same program memory chip, which are accessed by addressing, so that different program memory spaces can be distinguished by dividing different address segments, and thus the problem of address overlapping does not occur.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system, which includes a check box 55 in addition to the program memory 11, the cpu 22, the download control circuit 33, and the communication interface 44, based on the embodiment shown in fig. 1. The program memory 11 is two separate program memories, namely a first program memory and a second program memory, which are electrically connected to the central processor 22 via a check 55. Of course, a plurality of program memories may be used, and the cpu 22 performs selection control of these program memories 11 by a check. The path of the check 55 may be matched to the number of program memories 11.
Preferably, when the new firmware needs to be downloaded to the program memory 11, the central processor 22 checks whether the idle program memory 11 is normal or not through the check device 55, and if so, stores the new firmware; if not, the CPU 22 still runs the current firmware.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system, which includes a status register 666 for indicating firmware version information in the first program memory and the second program memory, in addition to the program memory 111, the cpu 222, the download control circuit 333, the communication interface 444, and the check 555, based on the second embodiment shown in fig. 2. The status register 666 is electrically connected to the download control circuit 333 and the cpu 222. The cpu 222 selects the program memory 111 storing the firmware of the initial version at the initial run time to run by reading the firmware version information in the status register 666. After downloading the new firmware, the cpu 222 selects the program memory 111 storing the new firmware to run by reading the firmware version information in the status register 666.
Preferably, the status register 666 has a power-down protection function, i.e., status information therein is still stored after power is turned off. Which is used to store state information of the program memory 111, such as firmware version information, CRC check information. After the new firmware in the program memory passes the CRC check, the status register 666 is notified of the firmware version information and the check information.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), abbreviated as cyclic code, is a commonly used check code with error detection and correction capabilities, and is widely used in communications. Cyclic redundancy check codes are commonly used for data checking in synchronous communication between external memory and a computer. The invention is used when checking the new version firmware, and the person skilled in the art is not limited to the CRC checking method when implementing the invention, and other checking methods which can realize the same function and effect can be used.
Preferably, when there is a need to download an external new version of firmware to the system, the download control circuit 333 issues an interrupt request to the central processor 222, and after the central processor 222 responds to the interrupt request, the idle program memory 111 is selected for the download control circuit 333 to download the new firmware.
Preferably, when there is an external new version of firmware to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit 333 issues an interrupt request to the central processor 222, and the central processor 222 checks whether another idle program memory 111 is normal, and if so, the central processor downloads the new version of firmware to the idle program memory 111 through the download control circuit 333. By checking the performance status of the further idle program memory 111, the reliability of firmware download and storage can be further improved.
Preferably, the download control circuit 333 checks the new firmware after downloading the new firmware. When the verification is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit 222 again, and the central processing unit 222 responds to the interrupt request and then switches to the newly downloaded program memory 111 to run the new firmware therein. Otherwise, if the error is checked, the cpu 222 does not perform the switching, and still runs the firmware in the original program memory 111.
Fig. 4 is a switchover firmware area 777 in program memory in a third embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade system. When the cpu 222 prepares to switch to the newly downloaded program memory 111, it accesses the switching firmware area 777 of the current program memory 111, and after the cpu 222 executes the program of the switching firmware area 777, it can switch to the program processor storing the new firmware and run the new firmware. The switching firmware area 777 is set in the program memory. When a memory switch is required, the CPU 222 accesses the area. After the execution of the area program, the conversion of the program memory 111 can be completed.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrading method, and based on the same concept, the invention also provides a real-time firmware upgrading method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, firmware running, wherein a central processing unit is electrically connected with at least two program memories which independently store the firmware, and only firmware in one program memory is currently run;
s2, downloading the firmware, wherein when the firmware of a new version is required to be downloaded outside, the CPU downloads the firmware into other idle program memories which are not operated through a downloading control circuit;
and S3, switching the firmware, namely switching the CPU to a newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware when the downloading is correctly completed.
Preferably, in step S1, the program memory includes a first program memory and a second program memory, and in the program operation, the central processor currently only operates the firmware in the first program memory or only operates the firmware in the second program memory.
Preferably, in step S2, when the download control circuit detects that the new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processor, and the central processor selects an idle program memory for the download control circuit to download the new firmware into after responding to the interrupt request.
Preferably, when the download control circuit detects that the new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit checks whether the other idle program memory is normal; if normal, the CPU downloads the new firmware to the idle program memory through the download control circuit.
Preferably, in step S3, after the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is checked, and when the check is correct, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the check is incorrect, the central processing unit does not switch, and still keeps running the firmware in the original program memory.
Preferably, after the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the new firmware is checked, when the check is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again, the central processing unit responds to the interrupt request and then switches to the newly downloaded program memory to operate the new firmware therein, and if the check is incorrect, the central processing unit does not switch and still operates the firmware in the original program memory.
Preferably, when the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory, it accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory first, and after the central processing unit executes the switching firmware area program, it can switch to the program processor storing the new firmware and runs the new firmware.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a second embodiment of a real-time firmware upgrade method, which includes the following steps:
s11, a central processing unit is electrically connected with a program memory, at least two program memories are arranged, and the central processing unit runs current firmware in a first program memory;
s12, the download control circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the central processing unit and the program memory, and the download control circuit detects the firmware of the next new version;
s13, after the download control circuit detects the new version firmware, an interrupt instruction request is sent to the central processing unit;
s14, the central processing unit responds to the interrupt instruction request, otherwise, the download control circuit sends the interrupt instruction request to the central processing unit again until the central processing unit responds to the interrupt instruction request;
s15, after the central processing unit responds to the interrupt instruction request, judging whether other idle program processors are normal, namely judging whether a second program memory is normal, and if the second program memory is abnormal, the central processing unit still operates the current firmware;
s16, after judging that the second program memory is normal, the CPU controls the download control circuit to download the new version firmware into the second program memory;
s17, after the downloading is completed, the downloading control circuit checks the new version firmware, and if the checking result is wrong, the central processing unit still operates the current firmware;
s18, checking that the result is correct, and sending an interrupt instruction request to the central processing unit by the download control circuit again;
s19, the central processing unit responds to the interrupt instruction request, otherwise, the download control circuit sends the interrupt instruction request to the central processing unit again until the central processing unit responds to the interrupt instruction request;
and S20, the central processing unit is switched to the second memory, and a new version of firmware is run in the second memory.
Preferably, when the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory, it accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory first, and after the central processing unit executes the switching firmware area program, it can switch to the program processor storing the new firmware and runs the new firmware.
The foregoing description is only of embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and the contents of the present application or other related technical fields are included in the scope of the patent application.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention ensures that the system firmware in certain special industries does not need to stop running the system program in the upgrading process and does not need to restart the system after the system firmware is downloaded. If the system is infected with virus or has other faults, another backup firmware can be run immediately, so that the system works normally and the running stability of the system is ensured. If the new firmware only comprises information different from the old firmware, the information transmission quantity of the new firmware can be reduced in the system updating process, and the system processing speed can be improved.
Claims (12)
1. The real-time firmware upgrading system comprises a central processing unit and is characterized by also comprising at least two program memories which independently store firmware, wherein the program memories are electrically connected with the central processing unit;
the system also comprises a communication interface and a download control circuit electrically connected with the communication interface, wherein the download control circuit is also electrically connected with the program memory respectively;
when the external firmware needs to be downloaded to the system, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit selects an idle program memory for the download control circuit to download the new firmware after responding to the interrupt request;
the CPU downloads the information different from the firmware in the other idle program memories which are not operated into the other idle program memories which are not operated through the download control circuit, after the download is correctly completed, the information in the new firmware is used for updating the firmware in the other idle program memories which are not operated to obtain the new firmware after the upgrade processing, or the information different from the firmware in the current operating program memory in the new firmware is downloaded into the other idle program memories which are not operated through the download control circuit, after the download is correctly completed, the information in the new firmware is used for carrying out the upgrade processing on the firmware in the current operating program memory, and the new firmware after the upgrade processing is stored into the other idle program memories which are not operated;
after the download control circuit verifies the new firmware after the upgrade processing, the central processing unit switches to a newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein.
2. The real-time firmware upgrade system of claim 1, wherein the program memories are two independent program memories, a first program memory and a second program memory, the first program memory and the second program memory being electrically connected to the central processor through a check.
3. The real-time firmware upgrade system of claim 2, further comprising a status register for indicating firmware version information in the first program memory and the second program memory, the central processor selecting a program memory storing the latest downloaded firmware to be run at an initial run time by reading the firmware version information in the status register.
4. A real time firmware upgrade system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said download control circuit issues an interrupt request to said central processing unit when there is an external new version of firmware to be downloaded to the system, and the central processing unit checks whether another idle program memory is normal after receiving said interrupt request, and if so, the central processing unit downloads the new version of firmware to said idle program memory through the download control circuit in response to said interrupt request.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the download control circuit checks the new firmware after downloading the new firmware, and when the new firmware is checked to be correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again, and the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein after responding to the interrupt request, otherwise, if the new firmware is checked to be incorrect, the central processing unit does not switch, and still runs the firmware in the original program memory.
6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the cpu is ready to switch to a newly downloaded program memory, it accesses a switching firmware area of the current program memory first, and after the cpu executes the switching firmware area program, it switches to a program processor storing new firmware and runs the new firmware.
7. A method for upgrading real-time firmware, based on the real-time firmware upgrading system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the firmware operates, the CPU is electrically connected with at least two program memories which independently store the firmware, and only firmware in one program memory is operated currently;
when the firmware of a new version is required to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, the central processing unit responds to the interrupt request and then selects an idle program memory for the download control circuit to download new firmware into the idle program memory, the central processing unit downloads information different from the firmware in the idle program memory into the idle program memory, after the download is completed correctly, the information in the idle program memory is used for updating the firmware in the idle program memory, so as to obtain updated new firmware, or downloads information different from the firmware in the idle program memory into the idle program memory, after the download is completed correctly, the information in the idle program memory is used for updating the firmware, and the updated new firmware is stored into the idle program memory;
and switching firmware, namely switching the CPU to a newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware after the download control circuit verifies the new firmware after the upgrade processing is correct.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the program memory includes a first program memory and a second program memory, and wherein the central processor currently runs only the firmware in the first program memory or only the firmware in the second program memory during the program running step.
9. The method for upgrading real-time firmware according to claim 8, wherein when the download control circuit detects that new firmware needs to be downloaded, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit, and the central processing unit checks whether another idle program memory is normal after receiving the interrupt request; if normal, the CPU responds to the interrupt request and downloads new firmware into the idle program memory through a download control circuit.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the program switching step, when the download control circuit has downloaded the new firmware, the new firmware is checked, and when the check is correct, the cpu switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, otherwise, if the check is incorrect, the cpu does not switch, and still keeps running the firmware in the original program memory.
11. The method for upgrading real-time firmware according to claim 10, wherein after the download control circuit downloads the new firmware, the download control circuit checks the new firmware, and when the check is correct, the download control circuit sends an interrupt request to the central processing unit again, and after responding to the interrupt request, the central processing unit switches to the newly downloaded program memory to run the new firmware therein, and if the check is incorrect, the central processing unit does not switch and still runs the firmware in the original program memory.
12. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein when the cpu is switched to the newly downloaded program memory, it accesses the switching firmware area of the current program memory first, and after the cpu executes the switching firmware area program, it can switch to the program processor storing the new firmware and execute the new firmware.
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| CN115437658A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-06 | 讯牧信息科技(上海)有限公司 | Firmware maintenance method and system thereof |
| CN116028085A (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-04-28 | 合肥市卓怡恒通信息安全有限公司 | System and method for updating firmware of computer starting |
| CN120335845B (en) * | 2025-06-18 | 2025-08-26 | 苏州元脑智能科技有限公司 | Firmware upgrade system and method |
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| CN109656609A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-19 | 浙江大学 | A kind of industrial control host and the method for on-line checking tool unperturbed downloading more new procedures |
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