CN111659619B - Screening device for separating moss from soil and application method of screening device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sifting device for separating moss and soil and its use method, which belongs to the technical field of soil experiment devices; it includes a base; a bracket is arranged along the vertical direction on the base; and a screen is installed on the top of the bracket. plate; a vibration motor is installed on the sieve plate, and a reducing funnel is also provided at the lower end of the sieve plate; a collection tank is also installed on the base; the opening of the collection tank is set opposite to the lower discharge end of the reducing funnel; in An air supply device is installed on the bracket, and the air outlet end of the air supply device is positioned directly between the collection tank and the variable diameter funnel; both the vibration motor and the air supply device are powered by an external power supply; the invention effectively solves the current problem of The selection of native mosses in the soil can only be done manually by operators, which is inefficient and prone to errors, missed selections and other problems.

Description

A sorting device for separating moss and soil and its use method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil experimental devices, and in particular to a screening device for separating moss and soil and a method of using the same.

Background technique

Biological soil crusts, also known as biological soil crusts, soil microbial crusts, etc., are composed of microbacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, mosses and other cryptophytes and their hyphae, secretions, etc. that adhere to soil gravel. The complex formed by knots is an important surface cover type (more than 40%) in arid and semi-arid areas. Biological crusts are also one of the most distinctive biological landscapes in some soil desertifications. The existence of biological crusts is of great significance to the fixation of deserts, the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil surfaces, and soil resistance to wind and water erosion. Biological crust is also a pioneer species in desert vegetation succession and plays an important role in promoting the evolution of desert vegetation. The fragile geological environment and intense human activities in the karst environment cause rocky desertification to occur frequently, and the surface soil is directly exposed to erosion, which is typical. Soil environment with serious water and soil erosion. Moss crust is an important surface cover in rocky desertification ecosystems. The study of local crust soil conditions is often a focus in the process of investigating the ecological functions of moss crust. In the routine operation process, from the field The collected soil samples need to undergo a series of processes such as drying and grinding to remove moisture, and the original moss biocrusts need to be removed from the dry soil samples to obtain higher purity soil for subsequent research; however, At present, the selection of moss is mainly done manually by operators using tweezers and other devices; due to the high mixing degree of moss and soil, the manual selection process is very inconvenient, which is a major problem currently faced.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a screening device for separating moss and soil, so as to solve the problem that currently, the selection of native moss from the soil can only be handled manually by the operator, which has low work efficiency and is prone to problems. Wrong, missed selection, etc.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A sifting device for separating moss and soil, which includes a base; a bracket is arranged in the vertical direction on the base; a sieve tray is installed on the top of the bracket; a vibration motor is installed on the sieve tray, and the sieve tray is There is also a reducing funnel at the lower end; a collection tank is also installed on the base; the opening of the collection tank is opposite to the lower discharge end of the reducing funnel; an air supply device is installed on the bracket, and the air outlet of the air supply device is correct Set between the collection tank and the reducing funnel; the vibration motor and air supply device are powered by external power sources.

Preferably, the bracket includes an outer ring support frame and an inner ring support frame; the outer roll support frame is installed along the outer wall of the screen tray; the inner ring support frame is arranged below the reducing funnel; and the air supply device is installed on the inner ring support frame. side.

Further, the upper top of the outer ring support frame is a ring structure that matches the size of the side wall of the screen tray, and the screen tray is detachably installed on the outer ring support frame.

Further, the inner ring support frame is an inverted barrel-shaped structure; the lower bottom of the barrel-shaped structure is installed on the base, and the upper top of the barrel-shaped structure is also opened with a size similar to the outer wall of the middle part of the reducing funnel. Matching through holes; the reducing funnel is installed on the inner ring support frame through the through hole; an air supply device and corresponding diversion vents are respectively provided on the side walls of the inner ring support frame.

Furthermore, a vibration-absorbing ring pad is installed on the inner ring support frame at the position where it meets the reducing funnel; the diversion and ventilation holes are provided on the side end surfaces of the bottom of the inner ring support frame.

Preferably, the air supply device is a fan structure with adjustable power.

Preferably, the discharge end of the lower bottom of the variable diameter funnel has a flat duckbill structure; the air outlet end of the air supply device is arranged parallel to the duckbill structure; the mouth of the collection tank has a square structure; the outlet on the air supply device The size of the air end and the mouth of the collection tank are not less than the length of the duckbill structure on the discharge end of the reducing funnel.

Preferably, the collection tank is detachably installed on the base, and the inner cavity of the collection tank is divided into a first collection area and a second collection area through a partition plate; wherein the first collection area is provided directly below the reducing funnel, and the second collection area is The collection area is set on the side away from the air supply device.

Preferably, the upper part of the collection tank is an inclined plane structure; the side of the inclined plane structure close to the air supply device is higher, and the side away from the air supply device is lower.

The invention also provides a method for using a screening device for separating moss and soil, which includes the following steps:

S1. Connect each component and confirm that the functions of each component are normal;

S2. Place the soil sample to be processed into the sieve tray; adjust the power of the air supply device;

S3. Turn on the switches of the air supply device and the vibration motor in sequence; then, under the action of the vibration motor, the soil in the screen tray will carry the moss and spill downward along the duckbill-shaped discharge end of the reducing funnel. At this time, through the conveyor The wind device separates the lighter moss from the heavier soil and blows the moss away from the mouth of the lower collection tank, while the soil will fall into the collection tank accordingly;

S4. Turn off the vibration motor and air supply device; remove the collection tank from the base, and pour out the soil in the first collection area and the second collection area respectively. After observation, if the soil in the first collection area and the second collection area If there is still a large amount of obvious moss remaining in the soil, put all the soil back into the sieve tray, increase the power of the air supply device, and proceed to step S3; if there is no obvious moss in the soil in the first collection area, and the If there is a large amount of obvious moss remaining in the soil in the second collection area, put the soil obtained from the second collection area back into the sieve tray and enter step S3;

S5. Save the soil until there is no obvious moss in the soil in the first collection area and the second collection area to complete the separation operation. At the same time, it is also necessary to clean up the scattered moss between the collection tank and the second inner ring support frame.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The present invention improves the existing method of separating moss and soil. It installs a vibrating screen assembly on a bracket, uses a variable-diameter funnel to concentrate the mixed soil dropped by the vibrating screen to the air outlet position of the air supply device, and uses wind pressure to The soil and moss of different specific gravity are separated; the soil can fall directly into the collection tank below, while the moss is blown away; this process is more effective than the previous solution that can only be manually processed and selected by the operator. Solving the latter is inefficient and prone to problems such as making mistakes and missing selections.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the inventive device in this embodiment;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the variable diameter funnel in this embodiment;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the collection tank in this embodiment.

Explanation of reference signs: 1. Base, 2. Bracket, 2A, Outer ring support frame, 2B, Inner ring support frame, 3. Screen plate, 4. Vibration motor, 5. Reducing funnel, 6. Collection tank, 6A, First collection area, 6B, second collection area, 7, air supply device.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

Example:

Referring to Figure 1, this embodiment provides a sifting device for separating moss and soil, which includes a base 1; a bracket 2 is provided on the base 1 in a vertical direction; a sieve tray 3 is installed on the top of the bracket 2; A vibration motor 4 is installed on the sieve tray 3, and a reducing funnel 5 is provided at the lower end of the sieve tray 3; a collection tank 6 is also installed on the base 1; the opening of the collection tank 6 is connected to the lower end of the reducing funnel 5. The material ends are arranged oppositely; an air supply device 7 is installed on the bracket 2, and the air outlet end of the air supply device 7 is located directly between the collection tank 6 and the reducing funnel 5; both the vibration motor 4 and the air supply device 7 pass through External power supply provides power. The sieve tray in this embodiment uses a standard sieve tray.

The bracket 2 includes an outer ring support frame 2A and an inner ring support frame 2B; the outer roll support frame 2A is installed along the outer wall of the screen tray 3; the inner ring support frame 2B is arranged below the reducing funnel 5; the air supply device 7 is installed on The side of the inner ring support frame 2B.

The upper top of the outer ring support frame 2A is a ring structure that matches the size of the side wall of the screen tray 3, and the screen tray 3 is detachably installed on the outer ring support frame 2A.

The inner ring support frame 2A is an inverted barrel-shaped structure; the lower bottom of the barrel-shaped structure is installed on the base 1, and the upper top of the barrel-shaped structure also has an outer wall of the same size as the middle part of the reducing funnel 5. The matching through hole; the reducing funnel 5 is installed on the inner ring support frame 2A through the through hole; an air supply device 7 and corresponding diversion ventilation holes are respectively provided on the side walls of the inner ring support frame 2A.

A vibration-absorbing ring pad is also installed on the inner ring support frame 4 at the location where it meets the reducing funnel 5;

The air supply device 7 is a fan structure with adjustable power.

The discharge end of the lower bottom of the variable diameter funnel 5 has a flat duckbill structure; the air outlet end of the air supply device 7 is arranged parallel to the duckbill structure; the mouth of the collection tank 6 has a square structure; the top of the air supply device 7 The size of the outlet end and the mouth of the collection tank 6 are not less than the length of the duckbill structure on the discharge end of the reducing funnel 5 .

The collection tank 6 is detachably installed on the base 1, and the inner cavity of the collection tank 6 is divided into a first collection area 6A and a second collection area 6B by a partition plate; Below, the second collection area 6B is provided on the side away from the air blower 7 .

The upper part of the collection tank 6 is an inclined plane structure; the side of the inclined plane structure close to the air supply device 7 is higher, and the side 6 away from the air supply device 6 is lower.

The invention also provides a method for using a screening device for separating moss and soil, which includes the following steps:

S1. Connect each component and confirm that the functions of each component are normal;

S2. Place the soil sample to be processed into the sieve tray 3; adjust the power of the air supply device 7;

S3. Turn on the switches of the air supply device 7 and the vibration motor 4 in sequence; then, under the action of the vibration motor 4, the soil in the screen tray 3 will be sprinkled with moss downward along the duckbill-shaped discharge end of the variable diameter funnel 5. , at this time, the lighter moss is separated from the heavier soil through the air supply device 7, and the moss is blown away from the mouth of the lower collection tank 6, and the soil will fall into the collection tank 6 accordingly;

S4. Turn off the vibration motor 4 and the air supply device 6; remove the collection tank 6 from the base, and pour out the soil in the first collection area 6A and the second collection area 6B respectively. After observation, if the first collection area 6A If there is still a large amount of obvious moss remaining in the soil in both the first collection area 6A and the second collection area 6B, put all the soil back into the sieve tray 3, increase the power of the air blower 7, and proceed to step S3; if the first collection area 6A There is no obvious moss in the soil, and if there is a large amount of obvious moss remaining in the soil in the second collection area 6B, the soil obtained from the second collection area 6B will be put back into the sieve tray 3, and step S3 will be entered;

S5. Until there is no obvious moss in the soil in the first collection area 6A and the second collection area 6B, save the soil to complete the separation operation. At the same time, it is also necessary to remove the scattered moss between the collection tank and the second inner ring support frame. Clean up.

The fan used in this embodiment is a 3004 standard 4mm thick fan structure produced by Shenzhen Jufeng Cooling Co., Ltd., which can perform PWM speed regulation; the opening size of the duckbill end at the bottom of the corresponding variable diameter funnel 5 is 25mm*3mm; The collection tank is a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a length of 60mm, a width of 50mm, and a height of 80mm, in which the cross-section of the first collection area is 60mm*35mm;

In this example, soil with three different types of moss crusts, including Phytophthora purpurea, Phytophthora spiculata, and Phytophthora spiculata, were used for experiments. Among them, the dry weight of Phytophthora vulgaris was 0.021g/ml; The dry weight of Erythrodonta paniculata is 0.019g/ml; the dry weight of Phosphorus trichostomata is 0.013g/ml; the corresponding specific gravity of the three soils are all in the range of 1.4~1.7g/ml.

After testing, when the power of this type of fan does not exceed 50W, it can make all the soil falling from the variable diameter funnel 5 fall into the collection tank 6;

After two operations on the gray feather moss with fan power of 30W and 35W respectively, no obvious traces of gray feather moss appeared in the second collection area;

After two operations on R. paniculata with fan power of 28W and 35W respectively, no obvious traces of R. paniculata appeared in the second collection area;

After three operations on pilostomia with fan power of 20W, 25W and 30W respectively, no obvious traces of pilostomia appeared in the second collection area.

In another set of experiments, when the fan power of 35W was directly used to operate the gray feather moss and the red root moss, it was found that there were still obvious traces of moss in the second collection area; therefore, in this embodiment, the use of small to large The method of gradually increasing the fan power is practical and effective.

Claims (2)

1. A screening device for separating moss and soil, characterized by: including a base (1); a bracket (2) is arranged on the base (1) in the vertical direction; and is installed on the top of the bracket (2) There is a sieve tray (3); a vibration motor (4) is installed on the sieve tray (3), and a reducing funnel (5) is also provided at the lower end of the sieve tray (3); a vibration motor (4) is also installed on the base (1) Collection tank (6); the opening of the collection tank (6) is set opposite to the lower discharge end of the reducing funnel (5); an air supply device (7) is installed on the bracket (2), and the air supply device (7) The air outlet end is located directly between the collection tank (6) and the reducing funnel (5); the vibration motor (4) and the air supply device (7) are both powered by external power sources; the bracket (2) includes an outer ring support frame (2A) and inner ring support frame (2B); the outer ring support frame (2A) is installed along the outer wall of the screen tray (3); the inner ring support frame (2B) is set below the reducing funnel (5); The air supply device (7) is installed on the side of the inner ring support frame (2B); the upper top of the outer ring support frame (2A) is a ring structure that matches the size of the side wall of the screen plate (3), and the screen plate (2A) 3) Detachably installed on the outer ring support frame (2A); the inner ring support frame (2B) is an inverted barrel-shaped structure; the lower bottom of the barrel-shaped structure is installed on the base (1), and in the barrel The upper top of the like structure also has a through hole that matches the size of the outer wall of the middle part of the reducing funnel (5); the reducing funnel (5) is installed on the inner ring support frame (2B) through this through hole; the inner ring The side walls of the support frame (2B) are respectively provided with air supply devices (7) and corresponding guide ventilation holes; the inner ring support frame (2B) is also installed at the position where it meets the reducing funnel (5). Vibration-absorbing ring pad; the diversion and ventilation holes are arranged on the side end surface of the bottom of the inner ring support frame (2B); the discharge end of the lower bottom of the reducing funnel (5) has a flat duckbill structure; the air supply device (7 ) is arranged parallel to the duckbill structure; the mouth of the collection tank (6) is a square structure; the size of the air outlet on the air supply device (7) and the mouth of the collection tank (6) are not the same. Less than the length of the duckbill structure on the discharge end of the variable diameter funnel (5); the collection tank (6) is detachably installed on the base (1), and the inner cavity of the collection tank (6) is separated into the first collection tank by a partition plate area (6A) and the second collection area (6B); the first collection area (6A) is set directly below the reducing funnel (5), and the second collection area (6B) is set far away from the air supply device (7) One side; the upper part of the collection tank (6) is an inclined plane structure; the side of the inclined plane structure close to the air supply device (7) is higher and the side away from the air supply device is lower; the use method of the screening device includes the following step: S1. Connect each component and confirm that the functions of each component are normal; S2. Place the soil sample to be processed into the sieve tray (3); adjust the power of the air supply device (7); S3. Turn on the switches of the air supply device (7) and the vibration motor (4) in sequence; then, under the action of the vibration motor (4), the soil in the screen tray (3) will carry moss along the diameter of the reducing funnel (5). The duckbill-shaped discharge end spills downward. At this time, the lighter moss is separated from the heavier soil through the air supply device (7), and the moss is blown away from the mouth of the lower collection tank (6). , and the soil will fall into the collection tank (6) accordingly; S4. Turn off the vibration motor (4) and air supply device (7); remove the collection tank (6) from the base, and pour out the soil in the first collection area (6A) and the second collection area (6B) respectively. After observation, if there is still a large amount of obvious moss remaining in the soil in the first collection area (6A) and the second collection area (6B), put all the soil back into the sieve tray (3) and increase the air supply. The power of the device (7) is entered into step S3; if there is no obvious moss in the soil in the first collection area (6A), and there is a large amount of obvious moss remaining in the soil in the second collection area (6B), the second collection area (6B) will be used. Put the soil obtained in the collection area (6B) back into the sieve tray (3) and enter step S3; S5. Until there is no obvious moss in the soil in the first collection area (6A) and the second collection area (6B), save the soil to complete the separation operation. At the same time, it is also necessary to scatter the soil between the collection tank and the inner ring support frame. Moss to clean. 2. A screening device for separating moss and soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air supply device (7) is a fan structure with adjustable power.