CN111658577A - 抗菌挥发油及其制备方法、抗菌挥发油冻干粉、抗菌剂及应用 - Google Patents
抗菌挥发油及其制备方法、抗菌挥发油冻干粉、抗菌剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111658577A CN111658577A CN202010735810.7A CN202010735810A CN111658577A CN 111658577 A CN111658577 A CN 111658577A CN 202010735810 A CN202010735810 A CN 202010735810A CN 111658577 A CN111658577 A CN 111658577A
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- volatile oil
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- cumin
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- antibacterial volatile
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Abstract
本发明公开抗菌挥发油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:采用蒸馏法从风干、粉碎处理后的原料中提取获得挥发油料液,对所述挥发油料液进行干燥处理,获得抗菌挥发油;所述原料选自芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实和孜然中的任一种或至少两种。本发明以芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实和孜然中的任一种或至少两种作为原料,从粉碎处理后的原料中提取出挥发油料液,对所述挥发油料液进行干燥处理,获得抗菌挥发油,该抗菌挥发油属于天然抗菌剂,没有化学抗菌剂的致敏感和致炎甚至神经毒性和致癌等副作用,可以广泛应用于化妆品、保健品以及环境卫生领域,具有良好的抗菌效果。本发明提取速度快、纯度高,得率高,提取率达5%以上,操作方便,在萃取过程中同时实现分离,安全可靠,是一种高效节能的提取分离方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌技术领域,具体涉及抗菌挥发油的制备方法、采用该制备方法制得的抗菌挥发油、由抗菌挥发油制得的抗菌挥发油冻干粉以及包含该抗菌挥发油或抗菌挥发油冻干粉的的抗菌剂以及抗菌挥发油或抗菌挥发油冻干粉在化妆品、保健品和环境卫生领域中的应用。
背景技术
寻求安全、高效的天然抗菌药物一直是生物领域及中药学中的重要课题。我国植物资源十分丰富,尤其是我国新疆地区,由于其独特的地理位置以及气候特征,复杂多样的地貌和土壤,因而特产资源十分丰富,分布着众多亟待开发的有独特植被。如芹菜子,阿育魏实,小茴香,孜然,麻黄等。植物挥发油具有良好的口味、丰富的营养和较多的保健功能,而且低毒,开发安全、高效、经济、营养的天然抗菌药物是我国抗菌药物领域今后发展的主要方向。
从芳香植物或草本的根、树皮、茎叶、花、果实或种子中提取的油脂状物称为香精油,又称挥发油。不同来源的挥发油具有较强的抗菌谱,对细菌、真菌、病毒、原核生物、昆虫等都具有一定的抑制作用。一般来说,挥发油的组成成分、结构及功能性基团决定了它们的抗菌能力大小。挥发油中含有的萜类、醇类、酚类赋予了挥发油具有较强的抗菌能力。
芹菜子,从欧芹科两年生植物芹菜的种子萃取制成,体形非常细小,呈卵形,浅棕色,与味道微辛而香,含多种有效成份,对风湿症、风湿关节炎、痛风、高尿酸症等具有舒解作用,亦是极佳的利尿剂,并对中枢神经系统有镇安作用,能安神、舒解胀气及消化不良的毛病。目前没有发现任何有关芹菜子的专利申请。
阿育魏实,中药名。为伞形科糙果芹属植物阿育魏的成熟果实。分布于新疆和田、喀什地区等地。成熟果实入药,性温味辛、苦,具有祛寒除湿、理气开胃、止痛之功效。常用于瘫痪,抽搐,胃寒腹痛,消化不良,膀胱及尿道结石。目前没有发现任何有关阿育魏实的专利申请。
小茴香,中药名,为伞形科植物茴香的干燥成熟果实。又名蘹香《药性论》,蘹香子《新修本草》,茴香子《开宝本草》,茴香、土茴香《本草图经》,野茴香《履巉岩本草》,大茴香《朱氏集验方》,谷苗香、谷香《现代实用中药》,香子《中国药用植物志》。有散寒止痛,理气和中的功效。表面黄绿色或淡黄色,两端略尖,顶端戏留有黄棕色突起的柱基,基部有时有细小的果梗。小茴香用于寒疝腹痛,睾丸偏坠,痛经,少腹冷痛,脘腹胀痛,食少吐泻。有特异香气,味微甜、辛。中国专利申请号CN104946462B描述了一种小茴香酒的制备方法,采用小茴香与高粱公混发酵酿造而成,具有养生保健功效。中国专利申请号CN105267262A提供了一种小茴香挥发油组成的食品,药品,保健品组合物用于促进小肠运动,增加胃蛋白酶活性。然而目前尚且没有任何文献或专利报道小茴香挥发油的抗菌作用。
孜然又名安息茴香,维吾尔族称之为“孜然”,来自于中亚、伊朗一带,在我国只产于新疆。它主要用于调味、提取香料等,是烧、烤食品必用的上等佐料,口感风味极为独特,富有油性,气味芳香而浓烈。优质孜然大都呈黄绿色,香辣味浓郁,无霉变,无杂质。中国专利申请公布号CN101358159A公开了一种孜然精油的提取方法,该方法先将孜然冷冻,然后粉碎,与水混合浸泡后用微波照射加热,再蒸馏提取,静置后油水分离得到孜然精油。中国专利申请公布号CN104257741A公开了一种治疗功能性消化不良的复方薄荷孜然挥发油硬胶囊。可见孜然的挥发油的功能已经得到广泛认可,但没有将孜然挥发油用于抗菌剂的专利。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种抗菌挥发油及其制备方法,采用该制备方法可以从植物的果实或者种子中提取到出天然抗菌剂,该抗菌挥发油没有化学抗菌剂的致敏感和致炎甚至神经毒性和致癌等副作用,可以广泛应用于化妆品、保健品以及环境卫生领域,具有良好的抗菌效果。本发明提取速度快、纯度高,得率高,提取率达5%以上,操作方便,在萃取过程中同时实现分离,安全可靠,是一种高效节能的提取分离方法。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种抗菌挥发油冻干粉,便于低温保存。
本发明的目的之三在于提供所述抗菌挥发油或者所述抗菌挥发油冻干粉在化妆品、保健品以及环境卫生领域中中的应用。
本发明的抗菌挥发油特别适用于口以及皮肤等局部施用。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一方面,提供一种抗菌挥发油的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
采用蒸馏法从风干、粉碎处理后的原料中提取获得挥发油料液,对所述挥发油料液进行干燥处理,获得抗菌挥发油;
所述原料选自芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实和孜然中的任一种或至少两种。
进一步地,采用无水硫酸钠对所述挥发油料液进行干燥处理。
进一步地,采用研磨机对风干后的所述原料进行粉碎处理,粉碎时间为30~120s,粉碎后过12~40目筛。
进一步地,蒸馏时间为3~8h,蒸馏后的所述挥发油料液的料液比为1:4~1:16。
另一方面,提供一种抗菌挥发油,采用所述的制备方法制得。
再一方面,提供一种抗菌挥发油冻干粉,对所述的抗菌挥发油进行冻干处理,获得抗菌挥发油冻干粉。
又一方面,提供一种抗菌剂,包含所述的抗菌挥发油或抗菌挥发油冻干粉。
还提供了所述的抗菌挥发油或抗菌挥发油冻干粉在化妆品中的应用。其中,芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实和孜然挥发油对各种细菌(包括革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性细菌)和真菌(包括酵母等)都具有显示出抑制效果,因此具有较为广谱的抑菌活性。此外,本发明的芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实和孜然挥发油对于美容/化妆品以及保健品的物理性质不构成负面影响,而且对人体具有安全性。同时适用于环境卫生等领域。
具体地,化妆品可以为美容或化妆组合物,其包含上述芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实或孜然挥发油;优选地,所述美容或化妆组合物是基于水通过专用乳化剂进行混合制作的美容或化妆组合物,例如洗液(护肤液)、乳液(例如保湿乳液)、精华液等。所述基于水的美容或化妆组合物较容易受到微生物的污染,因此本发明的抗菌剂特别适用于这样的组合物。
根据一些实施方式,美容或化妆组合物为用于传统皮肤外部制剂的任何形式,包括但不限于面部美容诸如洗液(护肤液)、乳液、霜剂或美容涂敷剂;补妆美容诸如预补妆、粉底、颊着色、唇膏、唇霜、眼睑膏、眼线笔、睫毛膏或遮光剂;体用美容;香味美容;皮肤清洁剂诸如补妆去除剂、面部清洁剂或体用香波;气溶胶、粉饼、霜剂、软膏、乳剂、香精、泡沫、凝胶、洗液、摩丝、糊剂、药膏(补片)、笔、浆液、溶液、小毛巾、面膜、体膜或喷雾剂。例如,所述美容或化妆组合物可为溶液剂或混悬剂,例如基于水的溶液剂或混悬剂。
还考虑的是,除了美容或化妆组合物之外,本发明的芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实或孜然挥发油可用于其他局部施用的组合物、皮肤施用的组合物或者口腔组合物,例如局部施用或皮肤施用的药物,包括如外用溶液剂、洗剂、搽剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、糊剂或贴剂等;和例如口腔清洁产品或牙齿清洁用品,包括牙膏、牙粉、漱口水、口腔喷雾剂或牙线等。
还提供了所述的抗菌挥发油或抗菌挥发油冻干粉在保健品中的应用。优选地,所述保健品是基于液体挥发油或冻干粉末挥发油,例如胶囊、喷雾、药片等。所述保健品也可以是包含所述抗菌挥发油的胶囊、喷雾、药片等。
还提供了所述的抗菌挥发油或抗菌挥发油冻干粉在环境卫生领域中的应用,例如用作喷雾、抗菌液等。
本文所述的术语“抗菌剂”,是指对细菌、酵母和霉菌等微生物的生长和繁殖具有抑制作用甚至杀伤所述微生物的物质。可被本发明抗菌剂抑制或杀伤的细菌包括:革兰氏阳性细菌例如金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌,和革兰氏阴性细菌例如肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。可被本发明抗菌剂抑制或杀伤的酵母包括白色念珠菌。可被本发明抗菌剂抑制或杀伤的霉菌包括黑曲霉。
本文所述的芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实或孜然挥发油亦可以用作防腐剂。本发明所述的“防腐剂”是指用于加入食品、保健品、特别是化妆/美容品等的物质,以延迟在这些工业产品中微生物生长引起的腐败。当用作防腐剂时,期望的是这种防腐剂对于各种微生物(包括细菌、酵母和霉菌)具有广谱的抑制效果。
本发明的有益效果:本发明以芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实和孜然中的任一种或至少两种作为原料,从粉碎处理后的原料中提取出挥发油料液,对所述挥发油料液进行干燥处理,获得抗菌挥发油,该抗菌挥发油属于天然抗菌剂,没有化学抗菌剂的致敏感和致炎甚至神经毒性和致癌等副作用,可以广泛应用于化妆品、保健品以及环境卫生领域,具有良好的抗菌效果。本发明提取速度快、纯度高,得率高,挥发油提取率达5%以上,操作方便,在萃取过程中同时实现分离,安全可靠,是一种高效节能的提取分离方法。
具体实施方式
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有科学术语都和本领域一般技术人员通常理解的含义一致。下文描述了示例方法和材料,可以使用其等同物。本文提及的所有出版物和其它参考文献都通过引用整体结合到本文中。
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如无具体说明,本发明的各种原料均可市售购得,或根据本技术领域的常规方法制备得到。
实施例1
芹菜子挥发油的制备:
1.取1kg风干的芹菜子,用机械研磨机粉碎60s后过20目筛,水蒸气蒸馏6h,获得料液比为1:10的挥发油料液。
2.收集获得的挥发油料液并经无水硫酸钠干燥,获得芹菜子挥发油(提取率为5.86%)。
3.将获得的芹菜子挥发油放在4℃冰箱保存。
可将通过以上步骤获得的芹菜子挥发油进一步冻干,获得芹菜子挥发油冻干粉。
实施例2
小茴香挥发油的制备:
1.取1kg风干的小茴香,用机械研磨机粉碎30s后过40目筛,水蒸气蒸馏3.5h,获得料液比为1:5的挥发油料液。
2.收集获得的挥发油料液经无水硫酸钠干燥,获得小茴香挥发油(提取率为5.52%)。
3.将获得的小茴香挥发油放在4℃冰箱保存。
可将通过以上步骤获得的小茴香挥发油进一步冻干,获得小茴香挥发油的冻干粉。
实施例3
阿育魏实挥发油的制备:
1.取1kg风干的阿育魏实,用机械研磨机粉碎90s后过20目筛,水蒸气蒸馏6h,获得料液比为1:15的挥发油料液。
2.收集获得的挥发油料液经无水硫酸钠干燥,获得阿育魏实挥发油(提取率为5.26%)。
3.将获得的阿育魏实挥发油放在4℃冰箱保存。
可将通过以上步骤获得的阿育魏实挥发油进一步冻干,获得阿育魏实挥发油的冻干粉。
实施例4
孜然挥发油的制备:
1.取1kg风干的孜然,用机械研磨机粉碎60s后过20目筛,水蒸气蒸馏5h,获得料液比为1:8的挥发油料液。
2.收集获得的挥发油料液经无水硫酸钠干燥,获得孜然挥发油(提取率为5.18%)。
3.将获得的孜然挥发油放在4℃冰箱保存。
可将通过以上步骤获得的孜然挥发油进一步冻干,获得孜然挥发油的冻干粉。
成分检测分析
采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术所鉴定出的成分分别占挥发油色谱总峰面积的99.61%,99.8%,,99.75%,98.94%。其述孜然的主要化学成分为:α-Terpinen-7-al、苯己醇、枯醛、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯、邻-异丙基苯、邻伞花烃、水芹醛、4-异丙基苯甲醇等;小茴香的主要化学成分为:茴香脑、柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、葑酮、p-伞花烃、蒈烯、α-侧柏烯、β-月桂烯、反式-罗勒烯等;阿育魏实的主要化学成分为:p-伞花烃、γ-萜品烯、百里香酚、β-月桂烯、α-侧柏烯等;芹菜子的主要化学成分为:柠檬烯、(+)-莰烯、β-桉叶烯、β-月桂烯、α-丁基苯甲醇、β-蒎烯等,占总挥发油成分的85~95%。
本发明提取速度快、纯度高,收得率高,提取率达5%以上,操作方便,在萃取过程中同时实现分离,安全可靠,是一种高效节能的提取分离方法。
抗菌活性检测
根据滤纸片/牛津杯周围透明抑菌圈的直径大小来观察和对比试验药物的抑菌效果。抗菌剂在加入微生物后会在周围扩散开来,导致微生物无法存活。把加入了试验药物的透明抑菌圈的直径大小与空白对照组的透明抑菌圈的直径大小比较,便可知试验药物对于微生物的抑制效果。
分别使用实施例1~4制备的芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实、孜然挥发油,检测对于金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉菌的抑制效果,石油醚作为空白对照,结果如下。
表1.中药精油抑菌圈直径(mm)
注:
本表中“-”表示滤纸片上长菌,无抑菌效果;
有“*”数字表示抑菌圈为透明,范围内菌被杀灭;
无“*”数字表示菌落密度降低,菌的生长被抑制,未出现透明圈。
抗菌活性检测方法如下:
1.实验菌株
实验菌株包括:金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌和黑曲霉菌。
2.抗菌活性试验的步骤:
A.培养基配制:各培养基按产品说明书所写比例加入去离子水溶解(LB营养琼脂培养基40g/L,孟加拉红培养基36.6g/L,LB肉汤培养基25g/L,YPD液体培养基50g/L,霉菌液体培养基21.6g/L)。包好防水膜,121℃灭菌15min(注:孟加拉红培养基灭菌20min)。液体培养基灭菌后自然冷却至室温备用,固体培养基在灭菌后可趁热倒入培养皿,每个培养皿倒入培养基5~10ml,摇晃培养皿铺平培养基。自然冷却至室温,放入4℃冰箱保存。
B.菌种活化:将安培管内的菌粉用指定液体培养基溶解(细菌用LB肉汤培养基,白色念珠菌用YPD液体培养基,黑曲霉菌用霉菌液体培养基)。用接种环挑取菌液与固体培养基中划线分离培养,细菌在36℃下恒温培养18h,霉菌在28℃下培养48h。再挑取固体培养基上的单一菌落接种至对应的培养基中,于36℃/28℃下恒温培养18h/48h。
C.菌种保存:用火焰烧灼后的接种环从有菌的液体培养基中挑取1环,在每种菌在对应的固体培养基上划线。划线完成的培养皿放入培养箱恒温湿培养(细菌为36℃,24h;真菌为30℃,48h),培养完成后封好放入4℃冰箱保存。每2个月左右,取200μL液体培养基中的菌液,加入200μL浓度30%的无菌甘油,混匀后放入-20℃冰箱冻存。
D.菌种增殖:取无菌具盖试管,向其中加入5mL对应的液体培养基,用接种环从之前保存的固体平板上挑取1~2个菌落(可挑取更多菌落以缩短培养时间)至对应的液体培养基中。盖紧试管盖,放入恒温气浴摇床中,调节温度到30℃,频率为150r/min,培养约12h。取出测量OD600,若大于0.3则放入4℃冰箱保存,否则继续培养。
E.微生物接种:调节含细菌的液体培养基的OD595至0.30~0.35(细菌密度为108cfu)。用无菌生理盐水稀释100倍(106cfu)。每种细菌吸取100μL加入LB营养琼脂培养基涂匀。真菌通过血球计数板计数,稀释到105cfu,每种真菌吸取100μL加入孟加拉红培养基涂匀。
F.样品制备:根据实验样品不同通过生理盐水、无水乙醇(醇提物)、石油醚(挥发油)按比例稀释至所需要的浓度,加入灭菌干燥后的滤纸片,浸泡3~4h。若样品量较多(>10mL)则可使用牛津杯法,不用浸泡滤纸片。
G.样品添加:将浸泡好的滤纸片(牛津杯)放置到接种过菌的培养基上,牛津杯中加入样品200μL,并静止30min,后放入培养箱恒温湿培养(细菌为36℃,24h;真菌为30℃,24h)。
H.抗菌活性检测:将达到培养时间的平皿取出,用游标卡尺测量滤纸片/牛津杯周围透明抑菌圈的直径,并记录。
I.灭菌处理:将测量完毕的培养基装好,放入高压灭菌锅内,121℃,灭菌20min。
以上实施例仅用来说明本发明的详细方法,本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明白,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗菌挥发油的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
采用蒸馏法从风干、粉碎处理后的原料中提取获得挥发油料液,对所述挥发油料液进行干燥处理,获得抗菌挥发油;
所述原料选自芹菜子、小茴香、阿育魏实和孜然中的任一种或至少两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌挥发油的制备方法,其特征在于,采用无水硫酸钠对所述挥发油料液进行干燥处理。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌挥发油的制备方法,其特征在于,采用研磨机对风干后的所述原料进行粉碎处理,粉碎时间为30~120s,粉碎后过12~40目筛。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌挥发油的制备方法,其特征在于,蒸馏时间为3~8h,蒸馏后的所述挥发油料液的料液比为1:4~1:16。
5.一种抗菌挥发油,其特征在于,采用权利要求1至4任一项所述的制备方法制得。
6.一种抗菌挥发油冻干粉,其特征在于,由权利要求5所述的抗菌挥发油经冻干处理后获得。
7.一种抗菌剂,其特征在于,包含权利要求5所述的抗菌挥发油或权利要求6所述的抗菌挥发油冻干粉。
8.一种权利要求5所述的抗菌挥发油或权利要求6所述的抗菌挥发油冻干粉在化妆品中的应用。
9.一种权利要求5所述的抗菌挥发油或权利要求6所述的抗菌挥发油冻干粉在保健品中的应用。
10.一种权利要求5所述的抗菌挥发油或权利要求6所述的抗菌挥发油冻干粉在环境卫生领域中的应用。
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