CN111632632A - A ridge array structure for directional transport of droplets on a high temperature surface and its preparation method - Google Patents
A ridge array structure for directional transport of droplets on a high temperature surface and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于高温表面液滴定向输运的脊阵列结构及其制备方法，属于金属基材表面处理技术领域。包括：选用基材，对基材进行研磨抛光预处理；采用线切割精加工技术在基材表面加工一级微米级斜脊阵列结构；利用湿法刻蚀在一级微米级斜脊阵列结构表面制备二级微纳米球颗粒结构。该微斜脊阵列结构表面为非对称表面，液滴撞击在高温表面上时，其底部产生沿斜脊间槽方向向下流动的气流，驱动液滴沿微脊倾斜的反方向定向运动，与常温浸润性梯度表面液滴定向运输效果相比，高温微斜脊结构表面上液滴定向运动的速度更快；且采用室温下在通用性不锈钢基材上加工微斜脊阵列结构的方法实现，制备方法简单、易于操作、效率高、成本低、可用于大规模生产。
A ridge array structure for directional transport of droplets on a high temperature surface and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of surface treatment of metal substrates. Including: selecting the base material, grinding and polishing the base material as pretreatment; using wire cutting finishing technology to process the first-level micron-level inclined ridge array structure on the surface of the base material; using wet etching on the surface of the first-level micron-level inclined ridge array structure Preparation of secondary micro-nano sphere particle structure. The surface of the micro-slanted ridge array structure is an asymmetrical surface. When the droplet hits the high-temperature surface, the bottom of the droplet generates an air flow that flows downward along the direction of the groove between the inclined ridges, and drives the droplet to move in the opposite direction of the inclination of the micro-ridge. Compared with the directional transport effect of droplets on the wettability gradient surface at room temperature, the directional movement of droplets on the surface of the high-temperature micro-slope ridge structure is faster; The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, high in efficiency and low in cost, and can be used for large-scale production.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于金属基材表面处理技术领域，涉及一种通过线切割精加工技术和湿法刻蚀技术，实现具有一级微米级斜脊阵列结构和二级微纳米级粗糙结构的可用于高温表面液滴定向运输的微斜脊结构的制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment of metal substrates, and relates to a wire-cut finishing technology and wet etching technology to realize a high-temperature surface with a first-level micron-level inclined ridge array structure and a second-level micro-nano-level rough structure. Preparation method of micro-slope ridge structure for directional transport of droplets.
背景技术Background technique
液滴的自发定向运输在各种尺度上以不同的形态广泛存在于自然系统和实际工程中，例如毫秒级的雨滴、微米级的晨露和雾气等，涵盖了从干旱沙漠中的水收集到潮湿雨林中的除湿、从芯片实验室中的微流控制到能源电力系统中的冷凝换热、从飞机表面的抗结冰到油气运输的界面减阻等多种多样的环境系统，是国内外学者研究的热点和前沿领域。液滴目前实验研究中实现液滴自发定向运输的方法主要通过设计非对称的表面结构和化学组成，打破固/液界面三相接触线的对称性，提供非机械方向性驱动力，从而推动微液滴自发定向运输。但是，这些表面的粘附和摩擦会限制液滴运输的速度和距离。并且，其制备大多需要精密的加工技术，制备过程复杂，很难大规模、高精度的生产。Spontaneous directional transport of droplets exists widely in natural systems and practical engineering in different morphologies at various scales, such as millisecond-scale raindrops, micron-scale morning dew and fog, etc., covering everything from water harvesting in arid deserts to Dehumidification in humid rainforests, from microfluidic control in lab-on-a-chip to condensation heat transfer in energy power systems, from anti-icing on aircraft surfaces to interface drag reduction for oil and gas transportation, etc. Hotspots and frontier areas of scholarly research. In the current experimental research of droplets, the method to achieve spontaneous directional transport of droplets is mainly by designing asymmetric surface structures and chemical compositions, breaking the symmetry of the three-phase contact line at the solid/liquid interface, and providing non-mechanical directional driving force, thereby promoting the microscopic Spontaneous directional transport of droplets. However, the adhesion and friction of these surfaces can limit the speed and distance of droplet transport. In addition, most of its preparation requires precise processing technology, the preparation process is complicated, and it is difficult to produce large-scale and high-precision.
近年来，关于“Leidenfrost effect”的研究成为国内外研究的热点。液滴“Leidenfrost effect”是当液滴接触在远高于其沸点的固体表面时，其与固体之间由于固液换热而迅速产生一层蒸气膜，从而使液滴悬浮在蒸气层之上的现象。研究表明，Leidenfrost状态下的液滴运动不受界面粘附力的影响，因此表现较大的运输速度和距离，这为具有快速长程的液滴定向运输功能的表面的设计提供了灵感。In recent years, the research on the "Leidenfrost effect" has become a hot research topic at home and abroad. The "Leidenfrost effect" of the droplet is that when the droplet contacts the solid surface far above its boiling point, a vapor film is rapidly generated between it and the solid due to the solid-liquid heat exchange, so that the droplet is suspended above the vapor layer. The phenomenon. The study shows that the droplet motion in the Leidenfrost state is not affected by the interfacial adhesion force, so it exhibits a large transport speed and distance, which provides inspiration for the design of surfaces with fast and long-range directional transport of droplets.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明针对以上问题，提供一种通过线切割精加工技术和湿法刻蚀技术，实现具有一级微米级斜脊阵列结构和二级微纳米级粗糙结构的可用于高温表面液滴定向运输的微斜脊结构的制备方法。液滴该微斜脊结构表面为非对称表面，液滴撞击在高温表面上时，液滴底部能够产生沿斜脊间槽方向向下流动的气流，驱动液滴沿微脊倾斜的反方向定向运动，与常温非对称表面液滴定向运输效果相比，高温微斜脊结构表面上液滴定向运动的速度更快，最大水平平均速度达到46cm/s。并且，本发明制备方法简单，周期短，产品成本低，使用方便，可以大规模生产。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a wire-cut finishing technology and wet etching technology to achieve a first-level micron-level inclined ridge array structure and a second-level micro-nano-level rough structure that can be used for high-temperature surface droplet directional transportation. Preparation method of micro-slope ridge structure. The surface of the micro-slope ridge structure of the droplet is an asymmetric surface. When the droplet hits the high-temperature surface, the bottom of the droplet can generate an airflow that flows downward along the direction of the groove between the sloped ridges, driving the droplet to orient in the opposite direction of the slope of the micro-ridge. Compared with the directional transport effect of droplets on the asymmetric surface at room temperature, the directional movement of droplets on the surface of the high-temperature micro-slope ridge structure is faster, and the maximum horizontal average speed reaches 46cm/s. In addition, the preparation method of the invention is simple, the period is short, the product cost is low, the use is convenient, and large-scale production is possible.
本发明具体技术方案如下：The specific technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种用于高温表面液滴定向输运的脊阵列结构，所述的微斜脊结构包括一级微米级斜脊阵列结构和二级微纳米级粗糙结构，所述一级微米级斜脊阵列结构加工在金属基底材料上，二级微纳米级粗糙结构附着于一级微斜脊阵列结构的上表面。A ridge array structure for directional transport of liquid droplets on a high temperature surface, the micro-slope ridge structure includes a first-level micron-level inclined ridge array structure and a second-level micro-nano-level rough structure, the first-level micron-level inclined ridge array The structure is processed on the metal base material, and the second-level micro-nano-level rough structure is attached to the upper surface of the first-level micro-slope ridge array structure.
所述的金属基底材料为不锈钢，型号为201、202、302、304、316及410等。所述的一级微米级斜脊阵列结构为脊宽为50～400μm，脊间距为100～800μm，脊高度为100～400μm，脊倾角(与加工表面垂直法线之间的夹角)为15°～60°。所述的二级微纳米级粗糙结构为直径0.1～5μm的球状颗粒。The metal base material is stainless steel, and the models are 201, 202, 302, 304, 316 and 410, etc. The first-level micron-level oblique ridge array structure has a ridge width of 50 to 400 μm, a ridge spacing of 100 to 800 μm, a ridge height of 100 to 400 μm, and a ridge inclination (the angle between the vertical normal to the machined surface) of 15 °～60°. The secondary micro-nano rough structures are spherical particles with a diameter of 0.1-5 μm.
一种用于高温表面液滴定向输运的脊阵列结构的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A preparation method of a ridge array structure for directional transport of droplets on a high temperature surface, comprising the following steps:
第一步，选用不锈钢为基底材料，对不锈钢基底进行研磨抛光预处理；In the first step, stainless steel is selected as the base material, and the stainless steel base is subjected to grinding and polishing pretreatment;
所述的金属基底材料为不锈钢，型号为201、202、302、304、316及410等。尺寸为50mm×20mm×3mm。所述的对不锈钢基底进行研磨抛光预处理是指采用粒度为800目、1000目、1500目的砂纸对不锈钢薄片研磨抛光，去除表面杂质和划痕，再使用抛磨步抛磨表面使其光整，表面粗糙度范围为0.1～1μm。The metal base material is stainless steel, and the models are 201, 202, 302, 304, 316 and 410, etc. The size is 50mm×20mm×3mm. The grinding and polishing pretreatment on the stainless steel substrate refers to grinding and polishing the stainless steel sheet with sandpaper with a particle size of 800 mesh, 1000 mesh and 1500 mesh to remove surface impurities and scratches, and then use the polishing step to polish the surface to make it smooth. , the surface roughness ranges from 0.1 to 1 μm.
第二步，采用线切割精加工技术在不锈钢基材表面加工一级微米级斜脊阵列结构；The second step is to use the wire cutting finishing technology to process the first-level micron-scale inclined ridge array structure on the surface of the stainless steel substrate;
所述的线切割精加工技术是指在基材表面利用线切割精加工方法加工出微斜脊阵列结构，线切割丝直径为100μm，加工次数为循环走丝1～5次，丝进给速度为1～20mm/min，尺寸加工精度小于0.015mm。The wire cutting finishing technology refers to processing the micro-slope ridge array structure on the surface of the substrate by the wire cutting finishing method. It is 1～20mm/min, and the dimensional machining accuracy is less than 0.015mm.
第三步，利用湿法刻蚀在一级微米级斜脊阵列结构表面制备二级微纳米球颗粒结构。In the third step, a second-level micro-nanosphere particle structure is prepared on the surface of the first-level micron-scale inclined ridge array structure by wet etching.
所述的利用湿法刻蚀在一级微米级斜脊阵列结构表面制备二级微纳米球颗粒结构是指用浓度为1～4mol/L的稀盐酸溶液浸泡1～5min，而后依次用丙酮、无水乙醇和去离子水超声清洗8～20min，之后用氮气吹干。The preparation of the second-level micro-nanosphere particle structure on the surface of the first-level micron-level inclined ridge array structure by wet etching refers to soaking in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 1-4 mol/L for 1-5 minutes, and then sequentially using acetone, Absolute ethanol and deionized water were ultrasonically cleaned for 8-20 min, and then dried with nitrogen.
本发明的优点在于：The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)本发明通过结合线切割精加工技术和湿法刻蚀技术，实现具有一级微米级斜脊阵列结构和二级微纳米级粗糙结构的可用于高温表面液滴定向运输的微斜脊结构的制备。(1) The present invention realizes a micro-slope ridge with a first-level micron-level inclined ridge array structure and a second-level micro-nano-level rough structure that can be used for directional transport of droplets on a high-temperature surface by combining wire cutting finishing technology and wet etching technology. Preparation of the structure.
(2)本发明制备的微斜脊阵列结构表面为非对称结构表面，液滴撞击在高温表面上时，液滴底部能够产生沿斜脊间槽方向向下流动的气流，驱动液滴沿微脊倾斜的反方向定向运动，与常温浸润性梯度表面液滴定向运输效果相比，高温微斜脊结构表面上液滴定向运动的速度更快，最大水平平均速度达到46cm/s。(2) The surface of the micro-slope ridge array structure prepared by the present invention is an asymmetric structure surface. When the droplet hits the high-temperature surface, the bottom of the droplet can generate an airflow that flows downward along the direction of the groove between the sloped ridges, and drives the droplet along the micro-slope. Compared with the directional transport effect of droplets on the surface of the wetted gradient surface at room temperature, the directional movement of the ridge in the opposite direction of the ridge slope is faster, and the maximum horizontal average speed is 46cm/s.
(3)本发明以线切割精加工技术为基础，采用室温下在通用性不锈钢基材上加工微斜脊阵列结构的方法实现，制备方法简单、易于操作、效率高、成本低。(3) The present invention is based on the wire cutting finishing technology, and is realized by processing the micro-slope ridge array structure on a universal stainless steel substrate at room temperature. The preparation method is simple, easy to operate, high in efficiency and low in cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为微斜脊阵列结构SEM图；其中，图1(a)脊倾角为15°的一级微斜脊阵列结构侧视SEM图。图1(b)脊倾角为60°的一级微斜脊阵列结构侧视SEM图。图1(c)脊倾角为15°的一级微斜脊阵列结构俯视SEM图。图1(d)二级微纳米球颗粒的SEM图。Fig. 1 is a SEM image of a micro-slope ridge array structure; wherein, Fig. 1(a) is a side view SEM image of a first-level micro-slope ridge array structure with a ridge inclination angle of 15°. Figure 1(b) Side view SEM image of the first-level micro-slope ridge array structure with a ridge inclination angle of 60°. Figure 1(c) Top SEM image of the first-level micro-slope ridge array structure with a ridge inclination angle of 15°. Figure 1(d) SEM image of secondary micro-nanosphere particles.
图2为样品表面温度为380℃时，直径为2.85mm的液滴在微斜脊阵列表面定向运动时序图；其中，图2(a)样品表面温度为380℃时，直径为2.85mm的液滴在脊倾角为15°微斜脊阵列表面定向运动时序图；图2(b)样品表面温度为380℃时，直径为2.85mm的液滴在脊倾角为60°微斜脊阵列表面定向运动时序图。Figure 2 is a timing diagram of the directional movement of a droplet with a diameter of 2.85mm on the surface of the micro-slope ridge array when the sample surface temperature is 380°C. The timing diagram of the directional movement of the droplet on the surface of the micro-slope ridge array with the ridge inclination angle of 15°; Fig. 2(b) When the surface temperature of the sample is 380°C, the droplet with a diameter of 2.85mm moves directionally on the surface of the micro-slope ridge array with the ridge inclination angle of 60° Timing diagram.
图3为温度为350～480℃时，直径为2.85mm液滴的水平最大速度均值。Figure 3 shows the average maximum horizontal velocity of droplets with a diameter of 2.85 mm when the temperature is 350-480 °C.
具体实施形式specific implementation form
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供一种用于高温表面液滴定向输运的脊倾角为15°的脊阵列结构的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：This embodiment provides a method for preparing a ridge array structure with a ridge inclination angle of 15° for directional transport of droplets on a high-temperature surface, including the following specific steps:
第一步、选用不锈钢为基底材料，对不锈钢基底进行研磨抛光预处理；The first step is to select stainless steel as the base material, and carry out grinding and polishing pretreatment on the stainless steel base;
在本实例中，选用的基材为304不锈钢，尺寸为50mm×20mm×3mm。采用粒度为1500目的砂纸对不锈钢薄片研磨抛光，去除表面杂质和划痕，使表面光整。In this example, the selected base material is 304 stainless steel, and the size is 50mm×20mm×3mm. The stainless steel sheet is ground and polished with 1500-mesh sandpaper to remove surface impurities and scratches and make the surface smooth.
第二步，采用线切割精加工技术在不锈钢基材表面加工一级微斜脊阵列结构；In the second step, the first-level micro-slope ridge array structure is processed on the surface of the stainless steel substrate by using the wire cutting finishing technology;
线切割精加工所使用的线切割机型号为MV2400S数控线切割放电加工机，线切割丝直径为100μm，加工次数为循环走丝1次，丝进给速度为8mm/min，尺寸加工精度小于0.015mm，在经过预处理的不锈钢基底表面加工出脊宽为300μm，脊间距为600μm，脊高度为300μm，脊倾角为15°的微米级斜脊阵列结构，结构侧视和俯视SEM图分别如图1(a)、(c)所示。The wire cutting machine model used for wire cutting finishing is MV2400S CNC wire cutting electrical discharge machine, the wire cutting wire diameter is 100μm, the number of processing is 1 cycle wire, the wire feed speed is 8mm/min, and the dimensional machining accuracy is less than 0.015mm, a ridge width of 300μm, a ridge spacing of 600μm, a ridge height of 300μm, and a ridge inclination angle of 15° were processed on the surface of the pretreated stainless steel substrate. Figure 1 (a), (c).
第三步，利用湿法刻蚀在一级微米级斜脊阵列结构表面制备二级微纳米球颗粒结构。In the third step, a second-level micro-nanosphere particle structure is prepared on the surface of the first-level micron-scale inclined ridge array structure by wet etching.
用1mol/L的稀盐酸溶液浸泡1min，然后依次用丙酮、无水乙醇和去离子水超声清洗8～20min，之后用氮气吹干，制得直径为0.1～5μm的二级微米球颗粒结构，SEM图如图1(d)右图所示。Soak in 1 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 1 min, then ultrasonically clean with acetone, absolute ethanol and deionized water for 8 to 20 min in turn, and then dry with nitrogen to obtain a secondary microsphere particle structure with a diameter of 0.1 to 5 μm. The SEM image is shown in the right panel of Fig. 1(d).
在温度大于350℃时，直径为2.85mm的液滴在脊倾角为15°的微斜脊阵列结构上实现快速定向运动，运动方向与斜脊倾斜方向相反,最大运动速度为23.255±1.45cm/s(如图2a和3所示)。When the temperature is greater than 350°C, the droplet with a diameter of 2.85mm can achieve rapid directional movement on the micro-slope ridge array structure with a ridge inclination angle of 15°. s (as shown in Figures 2a and 3).
实施例2Example 2
本实施例的一种用于高温表面液滴定向输运的脊倾角为60°的脊阵列结构的制备方法，包括以下具体步骤：A method for preparing a ridge array structure with a ridge inclination angle of 60° for directional transport of droplets on a high-temperature surface in this embodiment includes the following specific steps:
第一步、选用不锈钢为基底材料，对不锈钢基底进行研磨抛光预处理；The first step is to select stainless steel as the base material, and carry out grinding and polishing pretreatment on the stainless steel base;
在本实例中，选用的基材为304不锈钢，尺寸为50mm×20mm×3mm。采用粒度为1500目的砂纸对不锈钢薄片研磨抛光，去除表面杂质和划痕，使表面光整。In this example, the selected base material is 304 stainless steel, and the size is 50mm×20mm×3mm. The stainless steel sheet is ground and polished with 1500-mesh sandpaper to remove surface impurities and scratches and make the surface smooth.
第二步，采用线切割精加工技术在不锈钢基材表面加工一级微斜脊阵列结构；In the second step, the first-level micro-slope ridge array structure is processed on the surface of the stainless steel substrate by using the wire cutting finishing technology;
线切割精加工所使用的线切割机型号为MV2400S数控线切割放电加工机，线切割丝直径为100μm，加工次数为循环走丝3次，丝进给速度为2mm/min，尺寸加工精度小于0.015mm，在经过预处理的不锈钢基底表面加工出脊宽为300μm，脊间距为500μm，脊高度为300μm，脊倾角为60°的微米级斜脊阵列结构，结构侧视SEM图如图1(b)所示。The wire cutting machine model used for wire cutting finishing is MV2400S CNC wire cutting electrical discharge machine, the wire cutting wire diameter is 100μm, the number of processing cycles is 3 times, the wire feed speed is 2mm/min, and the dimensional processing accuracy is less than 0.015mm, a ridge width of 300μm, a ridge spacing of 500μm, a ridge height of 300μm, and a ridge inclination angle of 60° were machined on the surface of the pretreated stainless steel substrate. b) shown.
第三步，利用湿法刻蚀在一级微斜脊阵列结构表面制备二级微纳米球颗粒结构。In the third step, the second-level micro-nanosphere particle structure is prepared on the surface of the first-level micro-slope ridge array structure by wet etching.
用3mol/L的稀盐酸溶液浸泡3min，然后依次用丙酮、无水乙醇和去离子水超声清洗8～20min，之后用氮气吹干，制得直径为0.1～5μm的二级微纳米球颗粒结构。Soak in 3 mol/L dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 3 min, then ultrasonically clean with acetone, absolute ethanol and deionized water for 8 to 20 min in turn, and then dry with nitrogen to obtain secondary micro-nano spheres with a diameter of 0.1 to 5 μm. .
构，SEM图如图1(d)右图所示。The SEM image is shown in the right panel of Fig. 1(d).
在温度大于350℃时，直径为2.85mm的液滴在脊倾角为15°的微斜脊阵列结构上实现快速定向运动，运动方向与斜脊倾斜方向相反,最大运动速度为40.4±2.14cm/s(如图2a和3所示)。When the temperature is higher than 350°C, the droplet with a diameter of 2.85mm realizes rapid directional movement on the micro-slope ridge array structure with a ridge inclination angle of 15°. s (as shown in Figures 2a and 3).
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些均属于本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments only represent the embodiments of the present invention, but should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, Several modifications and improvements can also be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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