CN1116047C - Liver-protecting functional food made from loach and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to fully develop the health care function of loach resources, the present invention utilizes the medicinal effects of loach of tonifying the spleen and replenishing qi, protecting the liver and removing jaundice, clearing away heat and detoxifying, and eliminating lumps and dispersing nodules. The loach is dried and made into fine powder or meat paste, and various auxiliary materials are added to prepare various forms of liver-protecting functional foods with precise liver-protecting effects and significant preventive and therapeutic effects, as well as a preparation method.

Description

Liver-protecting functional food made from loach and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to a food with liver-protecting function prepared by using loach and a preparation method thereof.

Loach (Misgurus angillicaudatus Cantor) is an animal of Loach family. The meat or whole body is used as medicine. Recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" and "Dictionary of Chinese Medicine" and other documents. Folk prescriptions use loach to treat carbuncle, dysentery, impotence and other diseases, and loach powder or loach soup is also used to treat infectious hepatitis. According to the method introduced in the "Dictionary of Chinese Medicine", after drying the loach, grind it into a powder, 10 grams each time, three times a day, to treat infectious hepatitis. The disadvantage of this method is that it needs to be prepared and eaten now, and it is inconvenient to eat. So far, there has been no report about the active ingredients in loach for treating hepatitis. And also do not also utilize loach as the product of the liver-protecting and nourishing-liver functional food that raw material is made to appear on the market. my country is the country with the highest incidence of hepatitis in the world, with hundreds of millions of patients infected with various hepatitis viruses. In order to fully develop the health care function and medicinal value of loach resources, the present invention utilizes loach to make new natural biochemical medicine for preventing and treating hepatitis and functional food for protecting liver with remarkable prevention and treatment effect.

The method of the invention is as follows: feed fresh loach with clear water for 1-3 days and wash, dry the loach and use a pulverizer to make 50-500 mesh fine powder, or further process into nano-scale ultrafine powder. You can also grind the loach into a meat slurry with a meat grinder, add 0 to 10% protease (such as: pepsin, trypsin, papain, streptothric protease E, protease V8 or protease K, etc.), and control the pH=1～1. 8.5, incubate at 10-50°C for 5-48 hours, separate, remove the residue, and after drying, use a pulverizer to make a 50-500 mesh fine powder, or further process the powder into a nano-scale ultrafine powder. The above-mentioned fine powder is used as the main raw material of the liver-protecting functional food. Can be 1～98% loach dry powder (or its hydrolyzate) with liver-protecting function with this content, mix following batching: 1～90% of the adjuvant that contains starch, as: flour, starch, oatmeal, bean flour, konjac Flour, sesame powder, peanut powder; excipients and thickeners 0-10%, such as: starch, dextrin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, agar, gelatin, alginate, pectin; flavoring agent 0-5% , such as: salt, sugar, honey, milk powder, chocolate, protein sugar, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, saccharin, monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, yeast essence, vinegar, vinegar (acid) essence, five-spice powder, pepper powder, pepper powder, Curry powder, chili powder, onion, ginger powder, garlic powder, mint; vitamins 0-2%, such as: vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin P; food coloring 0-2% 3%, such as: bean paste, soy sauce, carotene, caramel pigment, chocolate pigment, coffee pigment, gardenia flavin, orange pigment, sunset yellow; food flavor 0-2%, such as: lychee flavor, apple flavor, pineapple Flavors, strawberry flavors, peach flavors, coconut flavors, milk flavors, beef flavors, chicken flavors, coffee flavors; preservatives 0-1%, such as: benzoate, paraffin ester, antimicrobial peptide, sorbate. It can be made into various forms of functional food such as special-shaped tablets, sugar pills, biscuits, cakes, instant noodles, oral liquids, granules, porridge paste or dry powder for paste mixing. Effects of the present invention are as follows: 1 liver-protecting effect of loach homogenate and loach mucus 1.1 inhibition of liver damage in mice caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl ₄ )

48 male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to body weight: normal control group, normal saline group (NS), loach homogenate group (LS), loach mucus group (LM), bifendate group (DDB) and Longdan Xiegan pill group (LD). Except for the normal control group, the other 6 groups were weighed 2 hours after the last administration on the 6th day, and were poisoned by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2% carbon tetrachloride paraffin oil solution at a dose of 10 ml/kg. After 16 hours of clean food, blood was taken from the head to measure the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the liver was weighed to detect the content of lipid peroxide (LPO) in the liver tissue, and the liver weight per unit weight was calculated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in weight and liver tissue. The results (Table 1) showed that carbon tetrachloride could significantly increase the transaminase activity in serum and the LPO content in liver tissue of mice, and enlarge the liver. Both loach homogenate and loach mucus can significantly inhibit the activity of transaminase in serum, the content of LPO in liver tissue and hepatomegaly in mice with elevated carbon tetrachloride.

Table 1 Inhibitory effect of drugs on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice (n=8, x±SD) Group Individual Dose Serum ALT Serum AST AST/ALT Liver MDA Liver weight/body weight

/mg·kg-1×d /U·L-1 /U·L-1 /nmol·g-1 /g·kg-1 normal control—— 188±47 286±38 1.52 25.8±3.7 35.2±5.1NS +CCl4 150×6 896±33## 579±87## 0.65 40.6±4.5## 47.2±1.8##LS+CCl4 150×6 439±97 ^** 358±94 ^** 0.82 35.2±4.1 ^** 43.2± 3.3 ^** LM+CCl4 150×6 533±48 ^* 446±60 ^* 0.84 36.5±5.0 ^** 45.1±3.9 ^* DDB+CCl4 150×6 276±23 ^** 288±26 ^** 1.04 39.7±3.5 40.6±6.5 ^** LD+CCl4 150×6 457±79 ^** 401±67 ^** 0.88 29.6±3.1 ^** 41.8±3.4 ^** Compared with normal group: #P＜0.05, ##P＜0.01 Compared with group: ^* P ＜0.05, ^** P＜0.011.2 Inhibition of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in mice

Grouping of mice, route of administration, dosage, frequency of administration and number of consecutive days were all the same as in 1.2. Except for the normal control group, the other 6 groups were weighed 2 hours after the last administration on the 6th day, and then injected 0.2% thioacetamide solution intraperitoneally at a dose of 80ml/kg to intoxicate them. After 16 hours of clean food, the blood was taken by decapitation to measure serum ALT and AST, the liver was weighed, the LPO content was detected, and the liver weight per unit body weight and MDA content in liver tissue were calculated. The results (Table 2) show that thioacetamide can significantly increase the activity of transaminase in serum and the content of LPO in liver tissue of mice, and enlarge the liver. Loach homogenate, loach mucus and its extracts can significantly inhibit the activity of transaminase in serum, the content of LPO in liver tissue and hepatomegaly in mice with elevated thioacetamide.

Table 2 Inhibitory effect of drugs on thioacetamide-induced liver injury in mice (n=8, x±SD) Groups Individual Dosage Serum ALT Serum AST AST/ALT Liver MDA Liver weight/body weight

/mg·kg-1×d /U·L-1 /U·L-1 /nmol·g-1 /g·kg-1 normal control—— 188±47 286±38 1.52 25.8±3.7 35.2±5.1NS +TAA 150×6 937±22## 693±78## 0.74 41.6±2.8## 50.8± ^2.5 ##LS+TAA 150×6 541±26 ^{** 436±92 **} 0.81 32.6±4.0 ^** 45.9± 4.3 ^* LM+TAA 150×6 638±14 ^* 528±18 ^* 0.83 34.3±3.5 ^** 45.6±3.2 ^* DDB+TAA 150×6 306±13 ^** 297±25 ^** 0.97 40.2±3.6 45.8±2.5 ^* LD+TAA 150×6 460±49 ^** 421±68 ^** 0.92 30.8±3.2 ^** 43.7±4.5 ^** Compared with normal group: #P＜0.05, ##P＜0.01 Compared with group: ^* P＜0.05 , ^** P<0.01

Liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide is a commonly used pathological model to study the action and mechanism of hepatoprotective drugs. Large-dose attack can cause severe liver cell damage, lead to energy metabolism disorder, increase the permeability of liver cell membrane, and release intracellular transaminase into the blood due to the huge concentration gradient. Therefore, elevated serum transaminase activity is a sensitive indicator of liver cell damage. It was observed in this work that loach homogenate and loach mucus can significantly inhibit the increase of serum transaminases in mice caused by these two model substances. At the same time, it was also observed that the two model substances could cause the increase of lipid peroxide content in mouse liver tissue and liver swelling, and loach homogenate and loach mucus could significantly inhibit the increase of these indicators. It can be seen that loach and its mucus have many inhibitory effects on experimental liver injury. 2 Hepatoprotective effect of loach polysaccharide 2.1 Inhibitory effect on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl ₄ ) in mice

40 mice, half male and half female, were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, normal saline (NS) group, high-dose loach polysaccharide (HPS) group, low-dose loach polysaccharide (LPS) group and bifendate ( DDB) group, intragastric administration dosage and consecutive days are carried out according to Table 3. Except the normal control group, the other 6 groups were weighed 2 hours after the last administration on the 6th day, and were poisoned by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2% carbon tetrachloride paraffin oil solution at a dose of 10 ml/kg. After 16 hours of clean food, the blood was taken by decapitation to measure serum ALT and AST, and the liver was weighed to calculate the liver weight per unit body weight. The results (Table 3) showed that carbon tetrachloride could significantly increase the activity of transaminases in serum of mice and cause liver enlargement. Loach polysaccharides can significantly inhibit the activity of transaminases and liver swelling in the serum of mice with elevated carbon tetrachloride.

Table 3 Inhibitory effect of drugs on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice (n=8, x±SD) Group Individual Dose Serum ALT Serum AST AST/ALT Liver weight/body weight

/mg·kg-1×d /U·L-1 /U·L-1 /g·kg-1 normal control—— 120±31 266±39 2.22 35.2±5.1NS+CCl4 150×6 727±19# # 510±29## 0.70 47.2±1.8##HPS+CCl4 300×6 352±38 ^** 347±75 ^** 0.99 42.7±3.8 ^** LPS+CCl4 150×6 438±21 ^** 426±74 ^** 0.97 43.2±3.3 ^** DDB+CCl4 150×6 270±23 ^** 278±16 ^** 1.03 40.6±6.5 ^** LD+CCl4 150×6 457±79 ^** 401±67 ^** 0.88 41.8±3.4 ^** Compared with the normal group: #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 Compared with the group: ^* P<0.05, ^** P<0.012.2 Inhibition of liver injury in mice induced by thioacetamide (TAA)

Grouping of mice, route of administration, dosage, frequency of administration and number of consecutive days are the same as those in 2.1. Except the normal control group, the other 6 groups were weighed 2 hours after the last administration on the 6th day, and were poisoned by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2% thioacetamide solution at a dose of 80ml/kg. After 16 hours of clean food, the blood was taken by decapitation to measure serum ALT and AST, and the liver was weighed to calculate the liver weight per unit body weight. The results (Table 4) indicated that thioacetamide could significantly increase the activity of transaminase in mouse serum and enlarge the liver. Loach polysaccharide can significantly inhibit the transaminase activity and liver swelling in the serum of mice with elevated thioacetamide.

Table 4 Inhibitory effect of drugs on thioacetamide-induced liver injury in mice (n=8, x±SD) Group Individual Dose Serum ALT Serum AST AST/ALT Liver weight/body weight

/mg·kg-1×d /U·L-1 /U·L-1 /g·kg-1 normal control—— 120±31 266±39 2.22 35.2±5.1NS+TAA 150×6 737±22# # 471±29## 0.64 50.8±2.5##HPS+TAA 300×6 368±15 ^** 424±18 ^** 1.15 43.6±2.2 ^** LPS+TAA 150×6 414±32 ^** 388±48 ^** 0.94 45.9±4.3 ^* DDB+TAA 150×6 306±13 ^** 297±25 ^** 0.97 45.8±2.5 ^* LD+TAA 150×6 460±49 ^** 421±68 ^** 0.92 43.7±4.5 ^** and normal Group comparison: #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 Compared with group: ^* P<0.05, ^** P<0.012.3 Inhibition of liver injury induced by naphthalene isothiocyanate (NAIT) in mice

Grouping of mice, route of administration, dosage, frequency of administration and number of consecutive days are the same as those in 2.1. Except for the normal control group, the other 6 groups weighed their body weight 2 hours after the last administration on the sixth day, and administered 15 mg/ml naphthalene isothiocyanate salad oil solution to the stomach at a dose of 80 ml/kg to intoxicate them. After 16 hours of clean food, blood was taken by beheading to measure serum ALT and AST, and the liver and gallbladder were weighed to calculate the liver and gallbladder weight per unit body weight. The results (Table 5) indicated that NAIT could significantly increase the transaminase activity and jaundice index in serum of mice, and enlarge the liver. Loach polysaccharides can significantly inhibit the increase of transaminase activity and jaundice index in mouse serum caused by NAIT, and can significantly reduce the liver swelling and jaundice stasis of mice.

Table 5 Inhibitory effect of drugs on naphthalene isothiocyanate (NAIT)-induced liver injury in mice (n=8, x±SD) Groups Dosage Serum ALT Serum AST Liver Weight/Body Weight Bile Weight/Body Weight Jaundice Index

/mg·kg-1×d /U·L-1 /U·L-1 /g·kg-1 /g·kg-1 normal control—— 120±31 266±39 35.2±5.1 0.41±0.12 9.3± 1.16NS+NAIT 150×6 787±13## 529±9## 49.4±4.4## 1.85±0.95## 29.5±1.60##HPS+NAIT 300×6 319±20 ^** 353±29 ^** 45.5± 1.9 ^** 0.92±0.91 ^** 15.7±1.07 ^** LPS+NAIT 150×6 350±32 ^** 377±26 ^** 45.3±2.1 ^* 1.41±0.90 17.8±1.31 ^** DDB+NAIT 150×6 243±11 ^** 286±77 ^** 49.7±6.9 ^* 0.88±0.39 ^** 18.5±1.06 ^** LD+NAIT 150×6 460±49 ^** 421±68 ^** 43.7±4.5 ^** 1.63±0.97 27.3±1.52 vs normal Group comparison: #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 Compared with group: ^* P<0.05, ^** P<0.01

Based on the above results: loach is used to make health food or extract natural polysaccharides, glycoproteins and polypeptides with a molecular weight of 1,000-150,000. Animal experiments have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, transaminase-reducing, jaundice-removing and liver-protecting effects . The dosage for adults is 0.1 mg to 100 g/day.

Preparation example:

Example 1. Loach liver protection tablet: Take 5-6 kg of fresh loach, feed it with clean water for 1 day, wash it, dry the loach, and use a pulverizer to make a 100-mesh fine powder. Prepare according to the following formula: 880 grams of loach dry powder, 100 grams of starch, 17.5 grams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2 grams of mint, 0.5 grams of sodium benzoate, add distilled water to granulate, and press into 1 gram/granule loach liver-protecting special-shaped tablets .

Example 2. Loach Liver Capsule: Take 5-6 kg of fresh loach, feed it with water for 1 day, wash it, dry the loach, and use a pulverizer to make a 150-mesh fine powder. Prepare according to the following formula: 900 grams of loach dry powder, 80 grams of starch, 19.5 grams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 0.5 grams of sodium benzoate. liver capsules.

Claims (6)

1. method for preparing functional food for protecting liver, it is characterized in that: clean with the fresh and alive Misgurni anguillicaudati that clear water was fed 1～3 day, to make 50 orders after these Misgurni anguillicaudati dryings to nano level fine powder, can be 1～98% thin dry powder of Misgurni anguillicaudati with liver-protecting function with this content, sneaking into batching and making the food that hepatoprotective becomes function.

2. method for preparing functional food for protecting liver, it is characterized in that: Misgurni anguillicaudati is twisted into the meat slurry with meat grinder, add 0～10% protease, control PH=1～8.5, in 10～50 ℃ of following incubations 5～48 hours, will make after the hydrolyzed solution drying of telling 50 orders to nano level fine powder, can be 1～98% thin dry powder of Misgurni anguillicaudati with liver-protecting function with this content, sneaking into prepares burden makes the food that hepatoprotective becomes function.

3. according to a kind of method for preparing functional food for protecting liver of claim 2 indication, it is characterized in that: described protease can be pepsin, trypsin, papain, Streptothrix protease E, protease V8 or E.C. 3.4.21.64.

4. adopt the functional food for protecting liver of Misgurni anguillicaudati preparation, it is characterized in that: the food of liver-protecting function is to be that the thin dry powder of 1～98% Misgurni anguillicaudati is as primary raw material with content, and sneak into following batching: amyloid adjuvant 1～90%, excipient and thickening agent 0～10%, flavoring agent 0～5%, vitamins 0～2%, food coloring 0～3%, edible essence 0～2%, antiseptic 0～1% is made the food of liver-protecting function.

5. according to the functional food for protecting liver of the employing Misgurni anguillicaudati of claim 4 indication preparation, it is characterized in that: said functional food for protecting liver can be special-shaped sheet, sugar pill, cookies, cake, instant noodles, oral liquid, electuary, medicated porridge is stuck with paste or the dry powder used for mixing batter.

6. according to the functional food for protecting liver of the Misgurni anguillicaudati of claim 4 indication preparation, it is characterized in that: the amyloid adjuvant of indication is: flour, starch, oatmeal, Semen Glycines powder, Rhizoma amorphophalli powder, black sesame powder, Semen arachidis hypogaeae powder; Excipient and thickening agent are: starch, dextrin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, gelatin, alginate jelly, pectin; Flavoring agent is: Sal, sugar, Mel, milk powder, chocolate, protein sugar, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, glucide, monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, yeastex, acetic acid, five spice powder, Fructus Piperis powder, Zanthoxyli Bungeani powder, curry powder, Fructus Capsici powder, Herba Alii fistulosi, Rhizoma Zingiberis powder, Bulbus Allii powder, Herba Menthae; Vitamins is: vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, Citrin; Food coloring is: bean sauce, soy sauce, carotene, caramel color, chocolate pigment, coffee pigment, gardenin, Fructus Citri tangerinae pigment, sunset yellow; Edible essence is: lychee flavor, apple essence, flavoring pineapple essence, strawberry essence, honey peach essence, cocoanut flavour, milk flavour, beef flavor, chicken essence, coffee aroma; Antiseptic is: benzoate, mud moor gold ester, antibacterial peptide, sorbate.