CN111509117A - A thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermoelectric conversion device for a lunar surface, which comprises the following components from top to bottom: the heat sink, the thermoelectric module group, the upper vapor chamber, the heat transfer module and the lower vapor chamber; the heat sink is attached to the upper surface of the thermoelectric module group, and the upper vapor chamber is attached to the lower surface of the thermoelectric module group; the heat transfer module comprises N parallel reciprocating heat pipes which are arranged in an array, N is an integer not less than 1, and the reciprocating heat pipes are fixedly connected between the upper vapor chamber and the lower vapor chamber; the heat sink, the thermoelectric module group and the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe are exposed above the surface of the moon, and the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe and the lower soaking plate are positioned in the lunar soil. The cold end and the hot end of the thermoelectric conversion device provided with the reciprocating heat pipe integrated heat transfer module can be automatically exchanged along with the change of the day and night temperature on the surface of the moon, and can continuously work in day and night to generate electricity; the energy storage device is not needed, the structure is simple, no moving part is contained, and the safety and the reliability are realized.

Description

A thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric conversion devices, in particular to a thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface.

Background technique

Solving the problem of effective energy supply is the basis for the smooth development of manned lunar missions, and the construction of lunar bases requires long-term and stable energy supply. The manned lunar mission has very strict requirements on its energy system. Generally, it should have the advantages of light weight, small size, safety and reliability, modularization, high efficiency and intensiveness. At present, space energy supply methods mainly include photovoltaic power generation, space nuclear power supply, and fuel cells. The above-mentioned energy supply methods have problems such as discontinuous supply, short continuous working time or poor environmental adaptability.

The lunar surface is an extreme environment with the characteristics of near vacuum and extreme temperature difference. Humans cannot survive. However, there is a constant temperature layer in the lunar soil below the lunar surface with a depth of less than 1m. The temperature is maintained at around -20 °C for a long time. A lunar base inside the lunar soil can be built in the constant temperature layer, and even a large-scale permanent human settlement can be built. Since there is almost no atmosphere and atmospheric activity on the lunar surface, and there is no atmospheric heat conduction, the temperature of the lunar surface caused by solar radiation during the day is very high, up to about 127 ℃, and the temperature of the lunar surface at night is very low, the lowest can reach about -183 ℃. The temperature difference between day and night on the surface is very large; this extremely unfavorable living condition is expected to provide another possibility for the energy supply of the lunar base. Although some scholars have proposed to use the temperature difference between the lunar soil and the lunar surface to use heat pipes and thermoelectric direct conversion methods to supply power to facilities on the lunar surface, the existing thermoelectric conversion systems can only work during the day or night to generate electricity in one direction. continuous.

Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved and developed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface, which aims to solve the problems of discontinuous supply, short continuous working time or poor environmental adaptability in the existing power generation system for the lunar surface. .

The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface, comprising from top to bottom: a heat sink, a thermoelectric module group, an upper soaking plate, a heat transfer module and a lower soaking plate; the heat sink is attached to the upper part of the thermoelectric module group The upper vaporizing plate is attached to the lower surface of the thermoelectric module group; the heat transfer module includes N parallel reciprocating heat pipes arranged in an array, where N is an integer not less than 1, and the reciprocating heat pipes are arranged in an array. The upper part of the heat sink, the thermoelectric module group and the reciprocating heat pipe is exposed above the surface of the moon, and the reciprocating heat pipe The lower part and the lower soaking plate are located in the lunar soil.

Beneficial effects: In the present invention, the heat transfer module integrated with the reciprocating heat pipe is arranged in the thermoelectric conversion device, the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe is exposed to the lunar surface, and is connected with the thermoelectric module group through the upper soaking plate; the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe It is located in the lunar soil and is fixedly connected to the lower soaking plate, which can largely overcome the problem of poor thermal conductivity of lunar soil rocks. The hot ends are interchanged, so that the thermoelectric device can work continuously during the day and night to achieve continuous power generation during the day and night; in addition, the thermoelectric conversion device does not need to be equipped with energy storage facilities, which simplifies the structure of the power supply system; the thermoelectric conversion device does not contain Moving parts, safe and reliable.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the working principle diagram of the thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a heat sink;

Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the upper soaking plate;

Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of lower soaking plate;

FIG. 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an additional soaking plate;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of two adjacent first fixing fins or two adjacent second fixing fins.

Detailed ways

The present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface, as shown in FIG. 1 , comprising: a heat sink 1 , a thermoelectric module group 2 , an upper soaking plate 3 , a heat transfer module 4 and a lower soaking plate 5 ; the The heat sink 1 is attached to the upper surface of the thermoelectric module group 2, and the upper soaking plate 3 is attached to the lower surface of the thermoelectric module group 2; the heat transfer module 4 includes N pieces arranged in an array. For the parallel reciprocating heat pipes 41, N is an integer not less than 1, and the reciprocating heat pipes 41 are fixedly connected between the upper soaking plate 3 and the lower soaking plate 5; the heat sink 1, the The thermoelectric module group 2 and the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe 41 are exposed above the lunar surface (as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1 ), and the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe 41 and the lower soaking plate 5 are located in the lunar soil.

In this embodiment, the heat transfer module integrated with the reciprocating heat pipe is installed in the thermoelectric conversion device, the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe is exposed to the lunar surface, and is connected to the thermoelectric module group through the upper soaking plate; the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe is It is located in the lunar soil and is fixedly connected to the lower soaking plate, which can largely overcome the problem of poor thermal conductivity of lunar soil rocks. The hot ends are interchanged, so that the thermoelectric device can work continuously during the day and night to achieve continuous power generation during the day and night; in addition, the thermoelectric conversion device does not need to be equipped with energy storage facilities, which simplifies the structure of the power supply system; the thermoelectric conversion device does not contain Moving parts, safe and reliable.

In one embodiment, the thermoelectric module group is formed by connecting a plurality of thermoelectric modules in series.

In a preferred embodiment, N≧4; the specific value of N is determined according to the output power of the thermoelectric conversion device and the size of the thermoelectric module group.

In one embodiment, the lower soaking plate 11 is located in the lunar soil at a depth of 4-5 m. In the lunar soil within this depth range, the temperature at a certain depth is constant, and the constant temperature in this depth range is comparable to the day and night temperatures on the lunar surface (for example, the day and night temperatures are 127°C and -183°C, respectively). The formation of a great temperature difference above 100°C enables a great temperature difference to be formed between the upper and lower sides of the thermoelectric module group, which provides the possibility to realize more continuous thermoelectric conversion.

In one embodiment, M additional heat soaking plates 6 and additional heat transfer modules 7 alternately arranged from top to bottom are further included between the heat transfer module 2 and the lower heat soaking plate. The additional heat soaking plates The plate 6 is fixedly connected to the reciprocating heat pipe 41 in the additional heat transfer module 7, M is an integer not less than 1; of course, the additional heat soaking plate 6 and the additional heat transfer module 7 are both located in the lunar soil. The soaking plate located in the lunar soil is also connected by a heat transfer module integrated with a reciprocating heat pipe, which plays a role in increasing the partial heat exchange area of the lunar soil, which can largely overcome the problem of poor thermal conductivity of lunar soil rocks; day and night Continuous operation eliminates the need for energy storage facilities, which greatly simplifies the drawbacks of general aerospace power systems that must use energy storage facilities, simplifies the structure of the power supply system, and improves safety.

As shown in FIG. 2, in a preferred embodiment, M=1. Setting too many additional heat soaking plates 6 and additional heat transfer modules 7 may lead to a complicated structure of the thermoelectric conversion device. On the other hand, the temperature difference between two adjacent heat soaking plates may be too small to be effective. The heat transfer can not play the role of increasing the heat exchange area. When M=1, there may be a large temperature difference between the additional soaking plate 6 and the lower soaking plate 5 at different depths in the lunar soil, and the two are connected by the heat transfer module 4 integrated with the reciprocating heat pipe 41 to form As a whole, it is equivalent to making the heat exchange part in the lunar soil have a larger heat exchange area. Whether the soaking plate in the lunar soil is used as the cold end or the hot end, the heat transfer will be improved, thereby improving the power generation of the thermoelectric conversion device. efficiency.

With reference to Figures 2 and 3, the working process of the thermoelectric device is described: by setting the heat transfer module integrated with the reciprocating heat pipe in the thermoelectric conversion device, and using the surface tension of the working medium in the reciprocating heat pipe to drive the operation of the heat pipe, it is possible to Two-way operation is realized: during the day, the heat sink 1 located above the thermoelectric module group 2 (its temperature and the temperature of the lunar surface) serve as the hot end, and the upper soaking plate 3 located under the thermoelectric module group 2 (the temperature of which is determined by the The part in the lunar soil is determined) as the cold end, and the cold and hot ends are reversed at night, thus realizing continuous work day and night and providing continuous and stable power supply. That is to say, for the part above the lunar surface, in the daytime, the heat sink 1 on the thermoelectric module group 2 is equivalent to the hot end (at night, it is the cold end), and the part below the thermoelectric module group 2 is the cold end of the thermoelectric module group. Through the integrated heat transfer module of the reciprocating heat pipe, the cold and hot ends are automatically converted with the change of day and night, thereby ensuring the continuous operation of the thermoelectric conversion device. In terms of plates (upper soaking plate, additional soaking plate, and lower soaking plate), the upper soaking plate is the cold end (hot end at night) of the thermoelectric module group 2, and the transmission through the two sets of reciprocating heat pipes 41 is integrated. After the thermal module 4 is connected, a channel for reciprocating heat transfer is formed; during the day, the heat is transferred from the lunar surface to the lunar soil, and at night from the lunar soil to the lunar surface. A certain temperature difference is formed on both sides of the thermoelectric module group to realize the continuous conversion of thermoelectricity; the generated electricity finally passes through the electrode wires drawn out from the thermoelectric module group 2 (the real symbols with "+(-)" shown in Figures 1 and 2 line) for output.

Further in an embodiment, the additional soaking plate 6 is located in the lunar soil at a depth of 1-2 m, and the lower soaking plate 5 is located in the lunar soil at a depth of 4-5 m. There is also a certain temperature difference between the additional soaking plate 6 at different depths in the lunar soil and the lower soaking plate 5, and the two are connected by the heat transfer module 4 integrated with the reciprocating heat pipe 41 to form a whole, which is equivalent to making the moon The heat exchange part in the soil has a larger heat exchange area. No matter the soaking plate in the lunar soil is used as the cold end or the hot end, the heat transfer will be improved, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric conversion device.

As shown in FIG. 4 , in one embodiment, the heat sink 1 includes a base plate 11 and a plurality of fins 12 that are spaced on the base plate 11 and arranged in an array. The base plate 11 is attached to the base plate 11 . The upper surface of the thermoelectric module group 2 . The heat sink 1 adopts a design with fins 12, which increases the radiation area of the heat sink 1, thereby increasing the heat absorbed or released, making the temperature difference between the two sides of the thermoelectric module group larger, and improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 , in one embodiment, the upper vapor chamber 3 includes a vapor chamber substrate 31 , and a plurality of first vapor chambers arranged in an array under the vapor chamber substrate 31 at intervals. The fixing rib 32, the side of the first fixing fin 32 close to the reciprocating heat pipe 41 is recessed with a plurality of first positioning grooves arranged in an array for fixing the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe 41 33.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 , in one embodiment, the lower vapor chamber 5 includes a vapor chamber substrate 31 and second fixing ribs arranged in an array on the vapor chamber substrate 31 at intervals. The side of the sheet 32 ′ and the second fixing fin 32 ′ close to the reciprocating heat pipe 41 is recessed with a plurality of second positioning grooves arranged in an array for fixing the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe 41 33'.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 , in one embodiment, the additional vapor chamber 6 includes a vapor chamber substrate 31 , and a plurality of first fixing plates arranged in an array under the vapor chamber substrate 31 at intervals. The fins 32 and a plurality of second fixing fins 32 ′ arranged in an array on the top of the vapor chamber substrate 31 and used for fixing the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe 41 , the first fixing fins 32 ′. The side close to the reciprocating heat pipe 41 is recessed with a plurality of first positioning grooves 33 arranged in an array for fixing the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe 41. The second fixing fins 32' are close to the One side of the reciprocating heat pipe 41 is recessed with a plurality of second positioning grooves 33 arranged in an array for fixing the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe.

In one embodiment, the reciprocating heat pipe 41 is an S-shaped reciprocating heat pipe. Setting the reciprocating heat pipe into an S shape can effectively increase the heat exchange area in the lunar soil, improve the heat transfer in the lunar soil, and thus improve the power generation efficiency of the entire system.

The inner diameter of the S-type reciprocating heat pipe is a common size, such as 2 to 3 mm.

In one embodiment, the materials of the heat sink 1, the upper soaking plate 3, the additional soaking plate 6, the lower soaking plate 5, and the reciprocating heat pipe 41 are independently selected from materials with good thermal conductivity, such as copper, Ceramics etc.

To sum up, the present invention provides a thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface. In the present invention, a heat transfer module integrated with a reciprocating heat pipe is provided in the thermoelectric conversion device, and the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe is exposed to the lunar surface, which passes through The upper soaking plate is connected to the thermoelectric module group; the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe is located in the lunar soil and is fixedly connected to the lower soaking plate, which can largely overcome the problem of poor thermal conductivity of lunar soil rocks; The reciprocating heat pipe in the heat transfer module can exchange the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric device, so that the thermoelectric device can work continuously during the day and night to realize continuous power generation during the day and night; in addition, the thermoelectric conversion device does not need to be equipped with energy storage facilities, simplifying the structure of the power supply system; the thermoelectric conversion device does not contain moving parts, and is safe and reliable.

It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or transformations can be made according to the above descriptions. The shape, size and bending number of the heat pipe, the heat soaking plate, structure and size, the heat sink structure, the fixing method of the reciprocating heat pipe, the material and size of the thermoelectric module, changing the position and quantity of the soaking plate under the lunar soil, etc.; all All these improvements and transformations should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a lunar surface thermoelectric conversion device is characterized in that, comprising from top to bottom: heat sink, thermoelectric module group, upper soaking plate, heat transfer module and lower soaking plate; The upper surface of the thermoelectric module group, and the upper soaking plate is attached to the lower surface of the thermoelectric module group; the heat transfer module includes N parallel reciprocating heat pipes arranged in an array, and N is not less than 1 an integer of , the reciprocating heat pipe is fixedly connected between the upper vapor chamber and the lower vapor chamber; the upper part of the heat sink, the thermoelectric module group and the reciprocating heat pipe is exposed above the lunar surface , the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe and the lower soaking plate are located in the lunar soil. 2 . The thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface according to claim 1 , wherein the lower soaking plate is located in the lunar soil at a depth of 4-5 m. 3 . 3. The thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface according to claim 1, characterized in that, between the heat transfer module and the lower soaking plate, M additional soaking plates and An additional heat transfer module, the additional heat soaking plate is fixedly connected to the reciprocating heat pipe in the additional heat transfer module, M is an integer not less than 1. 4 . The thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface according to claim 3 , wherein M=1. 5 . 5 . The thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface according to claim 4 , wherein the additional soaking plate is located in the lunar soil at a depth of 1-2 m, and the lower soaking plate is located in the lunar soil at a depth of 4-5 m. 6 . middle. 6 . The thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface according to claim 1 , wherein the heat sink comprises a base plate and a plurality of fins arranged at intervals on the base plate in an array, and the base plate is attached to the base plate. 7 . the upper surface of the thermoelectric module group. 7 . The thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface according to claim 1 , wherein the upper soaking plate comprises a soaking plate substrate, and first heat soaking plates arranged in an array at intervals below the soaking plate substrate. 8 . A fixing fin, one side of the first fixing fin close to the reciprocating heat pipe is recessed with a plurality of first positioning grooves arranged in an array for fixing the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe. 8 . The thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface according to claim 1 , wherein the lower soaking plate comprises a soaking plate substrate, and a second heat soaking plate that is arranged in an array on top of the soaking plate substrate at intervals. 9 . Fixing fins, a side of the second fixing fins close to the reciprocating heat pipe is recessed with a plurality of second positioning grooves arranged in an array for fixing the lower part of the reciprocating heat pipe. 9 . The thermoelectric conversion device for the lunar surface according to claim 2 , wherein the additional heat-spreading plate comprises a heat-spreading plate base plate, and first fixing plates arranged in an array at intervals below the heat-spreading plate base plate. 10 . fins, and second fixing fins arranged at intervals on the upper surface of the soaking plate substrate in an array, the side of the first fixing fins close to the reciprocating heat pipe is concavely arranged in an array There are a plurality of first positioning grooves for fixing the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe, and a side of the second fixing fin close to the reciprocating heat pipe is recessed with a plurality of fixing positions arranged in an array. The second positioning groove in the upper part of the reciprocating heat pipe. 10 . The thermoelectric conversion device for lunar surface according to claim 1 , wherein the reciprocating heat pipe is an S-type reciprocating heat pipe. 11 .

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