CN111450236B - 一种用于阻断冠状病毒感染的制剂 - Google Patents
一种用于阻断冠状病毒感染的制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种用于阻断冠状病毒感染的制剂,该制剂直接作用于口腔和咽部,也可雾化成气溶胶,随着呼吸,直接进入呼吸道和肺部。该制剂包含有半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构。通过增加口腔、咽部、呼吸道和肺部半乳糖和唾液酸化糖蛋白的浓度,冠状病毒被结合在半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构上,中和并抑制冠状病毒对人体细胞表面特异受体的识别,起到封闭冠状病毒的作用,从而阻断冠状病毒对人的侵袭。该制剂的有效成分优选从牛奶中分离纯化的富含半乳糖和唾液酸化的糖蛋白。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种用于阻断冠状病毒感染的制剂,尤其针对新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2。
背景技术
冠状病毒(Coronavirus,CoV)是一种具有包膜的单股正链RNA病毒,主要以人类和其 他哺乳动物细胞为宿主。尽管大多数人类冠状病毒感染者发病较轻,但由于其较高的传染 性仍不可疏忽怠慢。急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)两种β属CoV的流行在过去20年中累计造成了10000多病例,其中SARS-CoV 的致死率为10%,MERS-CoV的致死率为37%。2020年2月11日世界卫生组织和国际病毒分 类委员会将新型冠状病毒命名为“Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2”(SARS-CoV-2)。
SARS-CoV-2具有向人传播及人传人的能力,对人类的健康具有极大的危害性。通过 分析,冠状病毒的spike(S)蛋白由1160-1400个氨基酸组成,包含21-35个N-糖基化位点, 属于第一类膜融合蛋白,同类的病毒膜融合蛋白还包括HIV的包膜糖蛋白(Env),流感病 毒的糖蛋白血凝素(HA),以及埃博拉病毒的糖蛋白(GP)等。CoV的嗜性决定于S蛋白 和宿主细胞受体的配对关系。病毒通过与宿主细胞的特异性受体结合,进入易感宿主细胞 内完成入侵。最新的研究发现SARS-CoV-2与SARS-CoV使用相同的细胞受体ACE2进入宿 主细胞。目前,冠状病毒的部分细胞受体已经得到确定,其多数为糖蛋白,如癌胚抗原相 关细胞黏附分子1(CEACAM1)、氨基肽酶N(Aminopeptidase N,APN)、血管紧张素转化酶 2(Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,ACE2)、丝氨酸蛋白酶(Dipeptidyl peptidase 4,DPP4)等。 另外冠状病毒自身的的S蛋白也高度糖基化,病毒可以利用自身的糖链结构以宿主细胞表 面的糖结合蛋白(凝集素)为受体进入细胞,如SARS-CoV、IBV和FCoV感染细胞时有钙 依赖性凝集素(C型凝集素)的参与。也有报道唾液酸和肝素是冠状病毒的受体。但总体来说 对于冠状病毒是否有糖链受体还没有定论。
随着分子生物学及细胞生物学的发展,糖链的诸多生物功能不断被认识,如糖蛋白糖 链、蛋白多糖、糖脂糖链及糖结合蛋白等参与许多重要的生命活动,且还与许多疾病,如 癌症、细菌和病毒感染等疾病有着密切的关系。
牛奶是营养均衡的极好来源同时还表现出一系列影响消化,对吸收营养物质的代谢反 应,生长以及特定器官的发育和抗病性。羊奶在自然界是最接近完美的食物。它的化学结 构与母乳惊人地相似。而绵羊奶中的乳固形物(脂肪和蛋白质)含量明显较高,其脂肪含 量大约是牛奶或山羊奶的两倍。和山羊奶一样,它是天然均质的,有更小的脂肪球和更多 的中等脂肪链酸。羊奶中还富含A2蛋白、维生素B12和叶酸。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的是研究一种制剂,能够阻断冠状病毒感染。
申请人通过研究,发现并明确了以下结论:增加口腔、咽部、呼吸道以及肺部半乳糖 和唾液酸化糖蛋白的浓度,冠状病毒将会被结合在半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构上,中和并抑 制冠状病毒对人体呼吸道细胞表面特异受体的识别,起到封闭冠状病毒的作用,从而阻断 冠状病毒对人的侵袭。
具体可得出以下方案:
第一方面,一种用于阻断冠状病毒感染的制剂,其包含有半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构, 该制剂直接作用于口腔、咽部、呼吸道和/或肺部(即其产品型式满足该制剂能够直接作用 于口腔和咽部,或者也可雾化成气溶胶,随着呼吸,直接进入呼吸道和肺部)。
优选地,制剂类型(产品型式)为口腔喷雾剂或含片。
优选地,所述半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构源自牛奶或羊奶。这里,半乳糖和唾液酸糖链 结构所属制剂成分可以是对牛奶或羊奶以半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构为提取目标的任何一 个处理阶段的产物。当然,除了牛奶、羊奶,也可以考虑从富含半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的其他物料(例如黄豆和花生匀浆物、猪血清等)中提取。也可以用化学的方法合成含有 半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的物质。
进一步优选地,所述半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构所属制剂成分为从牛奶或羊奶中分离纯 化的富含半乳糖和唾液酸化的糖蛋白。
进一步优选地,所述半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构所属制剂成分为基于五羟色胺-磁性微粒 复合物从牛奶中分离纯化的富含半乳糖和唾液酸化的糖蛋白。
第二方面,具有半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的活性成分在制备用于阻断冠状病毒感染的 制剂方面的用途,该制剂可以是针对于口腔和咽部直接作用的制剂,也可雾化成气溶胶, 随着呼吸,直接进入呼吸道和肺部。
第三方面,牛奶或羊奶制品在制备用于阻断冠状病毒感染的制剂方面的用途,所述牛 奶或羊奶制品包含有半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构。
需要强调的是,在医药领域,“阻断##病毒感染”通常对应有特定的药品制剂(如“## 阻断剂”等)。所以,这里利用牛奶或羊奶制品“阻断冠状病毒感染”显然并不是通常人们所认为的“喝牛奶提高免疫力”。
第四方面,牛奶或羊奶的提取物在制备用于阻断冠状病毒感染的制剂方面的用途,所 述牛奶或羊奶的提取物为通过分离纯化得到的富含半乳糖和唾液酸化的糖蛋白。
采用上述本申请的方案,冠状病毒不容易通过粘膜进入人体。
本制剂可以开发成口腔喷雾剂或含片,直接作用在口腔和咽部,也可雾化成气溶胶, 随着呼吸,直接进入呼吸道和肺部,简便有效地预防和治疗冠状病毒对人的侵染。
即使对于确诊感染的人,使用本制剂也能起到封闭病毒的作用,减少病毒进一步传播 的概率。
附图说明
图1为表达SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白鉴定的凝胶电泳示意图。
图2为细胞抑制实验(提取物D抑制SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白与Vero E6细胞结合)的结果。
图3为牛奶提取液中糖蛋白种类的示意图。
图4为牛奶提取液中富含半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的糖蛋白N-糖链谱。
图5为蛋白去糖基化后的细胞抑制实验(去糖基化提取物D抑制SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白与 Vero E6细胞结合)的结果。
具体实施方式
以下详细介绍有关本发明的实验分析。当然,申请人关于本发明的研发工作不限于此。
一、实验部分
(1)HEK293细胞表达SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白(常规方法)
①SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白的质粒构建;
②稳定表达S蛋白细胞系的建立;
③免疫细胞化学染色评价转染效果;
④蛋白印迹法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳;
⑤SEC-MALS对S蛋白的分析;
⑥S蛋白的纯化:洗脱液使用Vivaspin 20(GE Healthcare)浓缩,整个浓缩过程在一 支管中进行,分子量截留为100kDa。最后添加完全不含EDTA的蛋白酶抑制剂,分装, 在液氮中速冻,并在-80℃下储存,直到进一步使用。
(2)提取富含半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的物质(常规方法)
提取方法一:通过能识别半乳糖和唾液酸结构的凝集素,从富含半乳糖和唾液酸糖链 结构的物料中提取。具体可参照中国专利文献(预防流感病毒的含片,申请号:201610654636.7)。
提取方法二:基于五羟色胺-磁性微粒复合物,从富含半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的物料 中分离纯化富含半乳糖和唾液酸化的糖蛋白。具体可参照中国专利文献(五羟色胺-磁性微 粒复合物及富集唾液酸化糖蛋白的方法,申请号:201711206127.9)。
采用上述提取方法一,分别从牛奶、山羊奶和绵羊奶中分离纯化到了3种提取物,分 别记为A、B、C。
采用上述提取方法二,分别从牛奶、山羊奶和绵羊奶中分离纯化到了3种提取物,分 别记为D、E、F。
(3)细胞抑制实验:
利用表达的SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白模拟冠状病毒攻击宿主细胞(Vero E6 cells),检测 分离纯化的6种提取物抑制S蛋白结合宿主细胞的能力,以此评估6种提取物中哪一种抑制冠状病毒的能力最强。
1)SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白的荧光标记
取纯化的S蛋白100μL(约100μg)加入离心管内,加入100μL 0.1M Na2CO3缓冲液(pH 9.4),充分混匀后加入5μL活化后的Cy5荧光染料,室温下震荡反应3小时,然后 用Sephadex G-25脱盐柱分离荧光标记的S蛋白。Nano-photometer测定荧光标记的S蛋白 的浓度,-20℃避光保存备用。
2)细胞结合抑制实验
a)将培养瓶中生长至80%融合度的Vero E6细胞消化,用培养液调整细胞浓度大约 为1胞消化4,取500μL接种于3.5cm共聚焦显微镜培养皿中, 并用培养液补足2mL,置于37℃,5%CO2孵箱内培养;
b)观察细胞生长状态,待细胞生长至70-80%融合度时,用移液器移除培养皿内的培 养液,并用PBS清洗3次(去除残余的细胞培养液和死细胞)后,加入1ml 4%多 聚甲醛,室温条件下放置15min,使细胞固定于培养皿底部,反应结束后,弃去多 聚甲醛,并用PBS清洗3次;
c)移除PBS,加入含有5%BSA的PBS,每个培养皿中加入1mL,室温条件下反应 1小时;
d)反应结束后,移除培养皿内的BSA溶液,分别加入0,1,4,10,20,30μg的富 含半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的糖蛋白,15μg Cy5标记的S蛋白,并用PBS补足 200μL,4℃湿盒内孵育过夜。
e)反应结束后,弃去培养皿中的溶液,用PBS清洗3次,每次清洗5min;
f)细胞核染色:加入DAPI细胞核染色液,室温染色10min,染色结束后,加入200μLPBS溶液以保持细胞适度;
3)共聚焦显微镜下观察,并拍照。
(4)蛋白质种类和其上糖链结构的分析
①蛋白质种类鉴定
提取物首先经变性、还原和烷基化修饰,然后利用胰蛋白酶进行酶解处理,酶解后的多肽片段经HLB柱纯化后,用电喷雾-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱仪(Orbitrap FusionLumos MS)鉴定多肽。通过质谱方法可以确定糖蛋白的种类。
②利用MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS技术对提取物N-糖链结构进行解析
对于富含唾液酸的糖蛋白首先经过衍生化修饰,以确保唾液酸结构在质谱鉴定过程中 的完整性,然后利用利用PNGase F糖苷酶对提取物进行N-糖链释放。再利用亲水色谱柱 进行糖链分离,并对其进行除盐纯化。纯化后的糖链经MALDI-TOF-MS质谱解析,获取 糖链结构信息。
(5)去蛋白质糖基化
用100mmol/L高碘酸钠对提取物进行氧化处理,破坏糖蛋白表面的糖链结构。然后再 测试其用于抑制S蛋白与宿主细胞的结合能力。判断是蛋白质本身还是其上的糖链结构能 抑制S蛋白与宿主细胞的结合。
二、结果与讨论
(1)表达SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白鉴定:
利用SDS-PAGE对表达SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白进行凝胶电泳后,将蛋白转移至PVDF 膜上,并与荧光标记的ACE2蛋白孵育,检测S蛋白与其受体ACE2的结合。结果如图1 所示,所表达SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白分子量为大于150kDa。
(2)细胞抑制实验:
利用表达的SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白模拟冠状病毒攻击宿主细胞(Vero E6 cells),检测 6种提取物抑制S蛋白结合宿主细胞的能力。结果表明,6种提取物都是随着用量的增加,结合到细胞表面的SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白明显减少,表明6种提取物都能抑制S蛋白与细 胞的结合。其中,对于基于五羟色胺-磁粒复合物从牛奶中提取的糖蛋白(提取物D)的实 验结果如图2所示,当基于五羟色胺-磁粒复合物从牛奶中提取的糖蛋白的量(30μg)为S 蛋白(15μg)的2倍时,能完全抑制S蛋白与细胞的结合。然而其它5种提取物能完全抑 制S蛋白(15μg)与细胞的结合时的用量都超过40μg,说明基于五羟色胺-磁粒复合物从 牛奶中提取的糖蛋白抑制冠状病毒与宿主细胞结合的能力最强。
(3)五羟色胺-磁粒复合物从牛奶中提取的蛋白(提取物D)的分析
糖蛋白种类鉴定:利用蛋白质谱技术对五羟色胺-磁粒复合物从牛奶中富集到的糖蛋白 种类进行鉴定,共鉴定到38种蛋白质,如图3所示;
N-糖链的解析:对该类糖蛋白进行PNGase F水解酶处理,释放与糖蛋白结合的N-糖 链,并进行质谱分析,总鉴定到24种N-糖链,其中23种糖链含有半乳糖结构,17种含 有唾液酸化糖链,如图4所示。
(4)五羟色胺-磁粒复合物从牛奶中提取的蛋白去糖基化后的细胞抑制实验:
利用表达的SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白模拟冠状病毒攻击宿主细胞(Vero E6 cells),检测 五羟色胺-磁粒复合物提取的蛋白去糖基化后抑制S蛋白结合宿主细胞的能力。如图5所示, 去糖基化的提取物随着用量的增加,结合到细胞表面的SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白没有明显减 少,表明是蛋白质其上的半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构抑制了S蛋白与宿主细胞的结合。
因此,可以肯定,通过富含半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的制剂(特别优选以五羟色胺-磁 粒复合物从牛奶中提取的蛋白为活性成分的制剂)直接作用于口腔和咽部,增加口腔和咽 部半乳糖和唾液酸化糖蛋白的浓度,冠状病毒将会被结合在半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构上, 中和并抑制冠状病毒对人体呼吸道细胞表面特异受体的识别,起到封闭冠状病毒的作用, 从而阻断冠状病毒对人的侵袭。
由此,也可以预期,饮用牛奶或羊奶制品(例如纯牛奶)或用其漱口,通过增加口腔和咽部半乳糖和唾液酸化糖蛋白的浓度,一定程度上也能够起到封闭冠状病毒的作用,从而阻断冠状病毒对人的侵袭。
Claims (6)
1.具有半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的活性成分在制备用于阻断新型冠状病毒感染的制剂方面的用途,该制剂直接作用于呼吸道;
所述具有半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的活性成分是从牛奶或羊奶中分离纯化的具有半乳糖和唾液酸化的糖蛋白。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述具有半乳糖和唾液酸糖链结构的活性成分为基于五羟色胺-磁性微粒复合物从牛奶中分离纯化的具有半乳糖和唾液酸化的糖蛋白。
3.根据根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:所述制剂类型为口腔喷雾剂或含片。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用途,其特征在于:所述制剂直接作用于肺部。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用途,其特征在于:所述制剂直接作用于口腔。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的用途,其特征在于:所述制剂直接作用于咽部。
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| WO2022057444A1 (zh) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 糖链及其组合物以及在预防和/或治疗冠状病毒感染中的应用 |
| CN114762694B (zh) * | 2021-01-13 | 2023-07-14 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院 | 寡糖转移酶抑制剂在预防和/或治疗新型冠状病毒感染中的应用 |
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