CN111457385A - Plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device for medical waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device for medical wastes, which comprises a gasification cracking furnace, wherein a main body of the gasification cracking furnace is vertically arranged, a first plasma torch, a feed inlet, an ash outlet and an air supplementing port are arranged on the main body of the gasification cracking furnace, a first push rod is arranged at the feed inlet, and a closed ash outlet is arranged at the ash outlet. The invention changes the intermittent operation into continuous feeding and continuous slag discharging, and is convenient to operate; by means of the high-temperature and high-energy characteristics of the plasma torch, under the auxiliary action of air, medical waste is more thoroughly treated; gasifying and cracking in a reducing atmosphere to generate synthesis gas for secondary combustion, and generating low Nox; the plasma torch can thoroughly destroy the dioxin generated precursor, thereby avoiding the generation of the dioxin.

Description

A plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device for medical waste

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a plasma continuous gasification and cracking treatment device for medical waste.

Background technique

Although the current medical waste disposal industry has achieved rapid development, it still exposes many problems. At present, my country has a variety of medical waste disposal technologies:

(1) The high-temperature incineration method is suitable for all kinds of medical waste. After incineration, the volume and weight of the waste are significantly reduced, and the disinfection and sterilization and pollutant removal effects are good. The technology is mature, but the construction and operation costs are high, and dioxins, etc. Highly toxic substances and other harmful gases;

(2) The high-pressure steam sterilization method has low investment, low operating costs, and low risk of residues, but it is easy to produce foul odors and may have air pollution emissions, and medical waste must be crushed to a size less than 50mm;

(3) The gasification cracking method is suitable for various types of medical waste. Secondary pollution and the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of in landfills.

The current gasification cracking methods are mostly intermittent gasification cracking, which has problems such as small processing capacity, poor operation stability and low cracking efficiency, which restrict the application of gasification cracking technology in medical waste.

Therefore, there is a need for a device for efficient, stable and continuous treatment of medical waste, which can realize continuous gasification and cracking of medical waste, reduce the frequency of cleaning slag, reduce energy consumption, complete the cracking of waste furnace materials, no organic waste gas, and high cracking efficiency. , will not pollute the environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a plasma continuous gasification and cracking treatment device for medical waste, which can realize the continuous gasification and cracking operation of medical waste, reduce the frequency of cleaning slag, reduce energy consumption, complete the cracking of waste materials, and produce no organic waste gas. , the cracking efficiency is high, and the environment will not be polluted, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a plasma continuous gasification and cracking treatment device for medical waste, including a gasification and cracking furnace, the main body of the gasification and cracking furnace is vertically arranged, and a first gasification and cracking furnace is arranged on the main body of the gasification and cracking furnace. A plasma torch, a feeding port, an ash outlet and an air supply port are provided. The feeding port is provided with a first push rod, and the ash outlet is provided with a closed ash discharging device.

Further, the medical waste in the gasification and cracking furnace includes bottom-up oxidation zone, reduction zone, cracking zone and drying zone according to the position from the plasma torch and the air inlet.

Further, the oxidation zone produces a large amount of carbon dioxide and releases heat at the same time; the medical waste in the reduction zone undergoes a reduction reaction with the help of the heat generated by the oxidation zone and carbon dioxide; the oxidation zone and the reduction zone are the cracking reaction of the cracking zone and The drying of materials in the drying zone provides a heat source; the hot gas generated in the oxidation zone and the reduction zone causes the medical waste in the cracking zone to undergo a cracking reaction; the gas products in the oxidation zone, the reduction zone and the cracking zone rise to the drying zone, which is harmful to the medical treatment. waste is heated.

Further, a second push rod is arranged at the ash outlet to push the ash residue at the ash outlet into the airtight ash discharge device.

Further, an emergency discharge device is provided on the top of the gasification and cracking furnace, and the emergency discharge device is a heavy hammer type explosion-proof valve.

Further, an outlet flue is arranged on the top of the gasification and cracking furnace, and a second plasma torch is arranged at the outlet flue, which is used to realize the cracking of tar and other substances and prevent them from entering the subsequent flue gas treatment process.

Further, the gasification and cracking furnace adopts refractory material, and the refractory material is a heat-resistant layer, a support layer and a compressible layer from the inside to the outside, the heat-resistant layer is a brick structure, and the compressible layer is a fiberboard. .

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) In the present invention, the intermittent operation is changed to continuous feeding, continuous slag discharge, and convenient operation; with the help of the high temperature and high energy characteristics of the plasma torch, under the auxiliary action of air, the disposal of medical waste is more thorough; the gasification and cracking of the reducing atmosphere produces Syngas secondary combustion, low NOx generation; plasma torch can completely destroy dioxin generation precursors and avoid dioxin generation.

(2) Compared with the batch pyrolysis gasifier, the volume of the same furnace body of the present invention increases the processing capacity, the operation flexibility can reach 120%, and the specific feeding method is selected according to the characteristics of the medical waste.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the gasification cracking furnace of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the refractory material of the present invention;

In the figure: 1, the first push rod; 2, the gasification cracking furnace; 3, the supplementary air outlet; 4, the airtight slag discharge device; 5, the second push rod; 6, the first plasma torch; 7, the emergency discharge device; 8 , outlet flue; 9, second plasma torch; 10, feed inlet; 11, ash outlet; 21, drying zone; 22, cracking zone; 23, reduction zone; 24, oxidation zone; 310, heat-resistant layer; 320, a support layer; 330, a compressible layer.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations are the same. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element qualified by the phrase "comprising a..." does not preclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that includes the element.

FIG. 1 shows the plasma continuous gasification and cracking treatment device for medical waste in this embodiment, including a gasification and cracking furnace 2, a first push rod 1, a second push rod 5, a first plasma torch 6, and a second plasma torch 9. The airtight ash discharge device 4 and the emergency discharge device 7; the main body of the gasification and cracking furnace 2 is vertically arranged, and the main body of the gasification and cracking furnace 2 is provided with a feed port 10, an ash outlet 11 and an outlet flue 8.

The feeding port 10 is arranged on the upper part of the gasification and cracking furnace 2, and the medical waste is pushed into the feeding port 10 by the first push rod 1. The feeding is a fully closed process, and there is no leakage of peculiar smell.

The ash outlet 11 is arranged at the bottom of the gasification and cracking furnace 2. In order to prevent the ash discharge temperature from being too high, the unburned material is removed, and the ash discharge hangs on the wall, the ash discharge section is designed with a cone shape and a section of ash layer is left. structure. The ash slag is pushed out of the ash outlet 11 by the second push rod 5 and enters the closed ash outlet device 4; the gas outlet flue 8 is arranged on the top of the gasification and cracking furnace 2, and the continuously generated synthesis gas enters the subsequent flue gas through the gas outlet flue 8 treatment process.

The medical waste is gasified and cracked in the furnace with the help of the high temperature and high energy characteristics of the first plasma torch 6 and the assistance of the air entering the air supply port 3 .

The medical waste in the gasification and cracking furnace 2 is divided into an oxidation zone 24 , a reduction zone 23 , a cracking zone 22 and a drying zone 21 from bottom to top according to the distance from the first plasma torch 6 and the air inlet 3 .

The oxidation zone 24 generates a large amount of carbon dioxide and releases heat at the same time; the medical waste in the reduction zone 23 undergoes a reduction reaction with the help of the heat generated by the oxidation zone 24 and carbon dioxide; the oxidation zone 24 and the reduction zone 23 are collectively referred to as the gasification zone, A heat source is provided for the cracking reaction in the cracking zone 22 and the drying of materials in the drying zone 21; the hot gas generated in the oxidation zone 24 and the reduction zone 23 makes the medical waste in the cracking zone 22 undergo a cracking reaction; the oxidation zone 24, reduction The gaseous products from zone 23 and cracking zone 22 rise to drying zone 21, where the medical waste is heated.

With the progress of the gasification and cracking reaction in the furnace, the accumulated materials gradually move down, the materials in the previous zone enter the next zone, and the feeding port replenishes the materials in the furnace in time, realizing the continuous and stable operation of gasification and cracking.

The top of the gasification cracking furnace 2 is provided with an emergency discharge device 7, and the emergency discharge device 7 is a heavy hammer type explosion-proof valve. When the furnace is overpressured, the valve plate is automatically opened by pressure, and after the pressure is released, the valve plate is automatically released by gravity. reset.

A plasma torch is provided at the outlet flue 8 at the top of the gasification cracking furnace 2, which is used to realize the cracking of tar and other substances and prevent them from entering the subsequent flue gas treatment process.

The above-mentioned gasification cracking furnace adopts refractory material, and the refractory material is a heat-resistant layer 310, a support layer 320 and a compressible layer 330 from the inside to the outside. The heat-resistant layer 310 is a brick structure, and the compressible layer 330 is fiberboard.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, which are therefore intended to fall within the scope of the claims. All changes within the meaning and range of the equivalents of , are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment only includes an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. a plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device of medical waste, is characterized in that, comprises gasification cracking furnace, described gasification cracking furnace main body is vertically arranged, and described gasification cracking furnace main body is provided with the first plasma torch, A feed inlet, an ash outlet and an air supply outlet, the feed inlet is provided with a first push rod, and the ash outlet is provided with a closed ash discharge device. 2 . The plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the medical waste in the gasification cracking furnace includes bottom-up oxidation according to the distance from the plasma torch and the air inlet. 3 . zone, reduction zone, cracking zone and drying zone. 3 . The plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device according to claim 2 , wherein the oxidation zone produces a large amount of carbon dioxide and simultaneously emits heat; the medical waste in the reduction zone is assisted by the heat and carbon dioxide generated by the oxidation zone. 4 . A reduction reaction occurs; the oxidation zone and the reduction zone provide a heat source for the cracking reaction in the cracking zone and the drying of the material in the drying zone; the hot gas generated in the oxidation zone and the reduction zone causes the medical waste in the cracking zone to undergo a cracking reaction; The gaseous products in the oxidation zone, reduction zone and cracking zone rise to the drying zone to heat the medical waste. 4 . The plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein a second push rod is arranged at the ash outlet. 5 . 5 . The plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein an emergency discharge device is provided on the top of the gasification cracking furnace, and the emergency discharge device is a heavy hammer type explosion-proof valve. 6 . 6 . The plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein an outlet flue is arranged on the top of the gasification and cracking furnace, and a second plasma torch is arranged at the outlet flue. 7 . 7 . The plasma continuous gasification cracking treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the gasification cracking furnace adopts refractory material, and the refractory material is a heat-resistant layer, a support layer and a compressible material from inside to outside. 8 . layer, the heat-resistant layer is a brick structure, and the compressible layer is a fiberboard.

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