Sample preparation device and method for chemical composition analysis of overhead conductor aluminum wire
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical component analysis of overhead conductor aluminum wires, in particular to a sample preparation device and method for chemical component analysis of overhead conductor aluminum wires.
Background
The overhead conductor is used as an important component of the transmission line and plays roles in conducting current and transmitting electric energy, such as steel-cored aluminum stranded wires. The conductor is generally made of a nonferrous metal wire having excellent conductivity such as aluminum as a main carrier conductor for power transmission, which is the most essential and essential main member for current information transmission. The quality of the overhead wire aluminum wire directly affects the engineering quality and the life and property safety of consumers.
The chemical composition is a major factor in determining the performance and quality of metallic materials. The chemical composition of wires such as aluminum is specified in the standards such as aluminum and aluminum alloy drawn round wire (GB/T3195-2016). Meanwhile, when the failure analysis is carried out on the overhead conductor, the chemical composition analysis is also a necessary testing means. At present, chemical analysis and spectroscopic analysis are commonly used for chemical component analysis of metal materials. The chemical analysis method determines the composition of metal according to chemical reaction, and has high accuracy, but large workload and strict requirements on step operation. The spectrum analysis method excites a sample by means of external energy sources such as electric arcs, electric sparks, lasers and the like, so that the detected element emits a characteristic spectrum, and the chemical components and the content of the metal are determined according to the characteristic spectrum generated after the element is excited. At present, when a direct-reading spectrometer is adopted for testing, as for small-section aluminum wires with diameters below 5mm, the excitation section size of a sample is insufficient, excitation is large, errors are large, the aluminum wires cannot be accurately tested by the direct-reading spectrometer, even the data deviation of chemical component indexes of the aluminum wires is caused, and the judgment of test indexes is influenced.
At present, two treatment methods for the problems are carried out by firstly milling aluminum wires into scraps through a chemical analysis method and carrying out chemical reaction by adopting a chemical reagent, and secondly melting the aluminum wires into aluminum blocks with larger sections at high temperature and then carrying out chemical component analysis by adopting a direct-reading spectrometer. The two methods have complex procedures, certain dangers, large workload, low efficiency and long time consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a convenient and effective treatment method to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the analysis of the chemical composition of the aluminum wire of the overhead conductor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the sample preparation device for the analysis of the chemical components of the aluminum wire of the overhead conductor, which is convenient to operate and has obvious effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
The invention provides a sample preparation device for analysis of chemical components of an aluminum wire of an overhead wire, which comprises a driving mechanism, a winding mechanism and a driven mechanism, wherein the winding mechanism is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism.
Optionally, the winding mechanism includes a winding body, one end of the winding body is provided with a first connecting portion, the other end is provided with a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion is used for being connected with the driving mechanism, and the second connecting portion is used for being connected with the driven mechanism.
Optionally, the winding body is a conical body, the first connecting portion is disposed at the top end of the conical body, and the second connecting portion is disposed at the bottom end of the conical body.
Optionally, the first connection portion is provided with a sample fixing hole.
Optionally, the first connection portion and the second connection portion are both prismatic structures.
Optionally, the driving mechanism comprises a motor, a speed reducer, a driving support, a rotating shaft and a first plug, wherein the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the driving support, a power output end of the motor is in driving connection with the speed reducer, the speed reducer is in driving connection with the rotating shaft, and the first plug is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft.
Optionally, the first plug includes a first plug body, first plug body one end is provided with third connecting portion, third connecting portion are used for connecting winding mechanism's one end.
Optionally, the driven mechanism comprises a screw rod, a hand wheel, a driven bracket and a second plug, wherein the hand wheel is arranged at one end of the screw rod, the second plug is arranged at the other end of the screw rod, and the screw rod is movably arranged on the driven bracket.
Optionally, the second plug includes a second plug body, a fourth connecting portion is provided at one end of the second plug body, and the fourth connecting portion is used for connecting the other end of the winding mechanism.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing a sample device based on the analysis of the chemical composition of the overhead conductor aluminum wire, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Sampling, namely cutting and straightening an aluminum wire sample with a certain length, cleaning the surface of the aluminum wire sample by using sand paper, and scrubbing the aluminum wire sample by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
(2) Fixing the sample, namely enabling one end of the aluminum wire sample to pass through a sample fixing hole of the winding body and be fixed, then inserting a first connecting part of the winding body into a third connecting part in the first plug, winding a hand wheel, enabling a moving device to move leftwards through a screw rod, and enabling a second connecting part of the winding body to be inserted into a fourth connecting part in the second plug;
(3) The sample preparation, namely starting a driving mechanism to drive the winding body to rotate, wherein the winding speed is 5-6r/min, forcibly pulling the aluminum wire sample to perform regular winding, and determining the winding number according to the required cross-sectional area;
(4) Taking down the winding sample, namely cutting off the fixed end and the residual end of the aluminum wire sample after winding is finished, reversely winding the hand wheel, and taking down the wound metal wire to obtain the aluminum wire sample;
(5) The contact surface of the line pressing backing plate and the aluminum wire sample is scrubbed by absolute ethyl alcohol, the small section of the wound aluminum wire sample is arranged between the two line pressing backing plates at the upper and the lower sections, and then the line pressing backing plates are extruded by a press;
(6) Polishing, namely selecting a dense and smooth area on the surface of the extruded aluminum wire sample, polishing by using sand paper or a grinder, and scrubbing the polished surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
(7) And (3) testing, namely adopting a direct-reading spectrometer to analyze chemical components of the grinding area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
The sample preparation device for the chemical composition analysis of the aluminum wire of the overhead conductor mainly comprises a driving mechanism, a winding mechanism and a driven mechanism, wherein the winding mechanism is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism and the driven mechanism. The sample preparation device for the chemical composition analysis of the aluminum wire of the overhead wire can effectively solve the problems that the excitation cross section size of the aluminum wire with a small cross section is insufficient and the direct-reading spectrometer cannot be used for accurate test, avoid the problem that the error of the aluminum wire with the small cross section is large due to insufficient excitation, avoid the problem that the test index is influenced due to the deviation of the index data of the chemical composition of the aluminum wire, and avoid the problems of large workload, low efficiency and long time consumption caused by adopting a chemical analysis method and melting the aluminum wire at high temperature.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sample preparation device for analysis of chemical components of an overhead conductor aluminum wire provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a winding body according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a winding body according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a driving mechanism according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a winding body plug according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wire pressing pad provided by the invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile device according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the support of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of aluminum wire winding provided by the invention;
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum wire wound according to the present invention.
The reference numerals indicate 1, a winding body, 2, a sample fixing hole, 3, a driving mechanism, 31, a motor, 32, a speed reducer, 33, a gear, 34, a transmission chain, 35, a bearing, 36, a first plug, 37, a second plug, 38, a rotating shaft, 4, a driven mechanism, 41, a screw rod, 42, a hand wheel, 5, a support, 6, a wire pressing backing plate and 7, an aluminum wire sample.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a sample preparation device for analysis of chemical components of an aluminum wire of an overhead wire, which comprises a driving mechanism 3, a winding mechanism and a driven mechanism 4, wherein the winding mechanism is detachably arranged between the driving mechanism 3 and the driven mechanism 4.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 10, the winding mechanism includes a winding body 1, the winding body 1 is a conical body, a quadrangular prism structure disposed at a top end of the conical body is a first connection portion, and a quadrangular prism structure disposed at a bottom end of the conical body is a second connection portion.
The first connecting portion is provided with a sample fixing hole 2.
The driving mechanism 3 comprises a motor 31, a speed reducer 32, a driving bracket, a rotating shaft 38 and a first plug 36, wherein the rotating shaft 38 is rotatably arranged on the driving bracket, the power output end of the motor 31 is in driving connection with the speed reducer 32, the speed reducer 32 is in transmission connection with the rotating shaft 38 through a chain, and the first plug 36 is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft 38.
The first plug 36 includes a first plug 36 body, a third connection portion is disposed at one end of the first plug 36 body, the third connection portion is a polygonal hole, in this embodiment, the third connection portion is a quadrangular hole, and the winding body 1 is in driving connection with the first plug 36 by inserting the first connection portion into the third connection portion.
The driven mechanism 4 comprises a screw rod 41, a hand wheel 42, a driven bracket and a second plug 37, wherein the hand wheel 42 is arranged at one end of the screw rod 41, the second plug 37 is arranged at the other end of the screw rod 41, and the screw rod 41 is movably arranged on the driven bracket.
Specifically, a bearing 35 is disposed on the driven support, a screw nut is disposed on an inner ring of the bearing 35, the screw nut is matched with the screw rod 41, the screw rod 41 is rotated by rotating a hand wheel 42, and then a distance between the first plug 36 and the second plug 37 is changed, so that the winding mechanism is mounted and dismounted.
The second plug 37 includes a second plug 37 body, a fourth connection portion is provided at one end of the second plug 37 body, the fourth connection portion is a polygonal hole, in this embodiment, the fourth connection portion is a quadrangular hole, and the second connection portion is inserted into the fourth connection portion to enable the winding body 1 to be in driving connection with the second plug 37.
The sample preparation device for the chemical composition analysis of the aluminum wire of the overhead conductor further comprises a wire pressing backing plate 6, wherein the wire pressing backing plate 6 is formed by two identical plates.
When a sample is prepared, cutting out an aluminum wire with a certain length, straightening, cleaning the surface of the aluminum wire by using sand paper, scrubbing the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, penetrating one end of the aluminum wire through a sample fixing hole 2, fixing the aluminum wire, tightly winding the aluminum wire into an expected shape by axially rotating a winding mechanism, placing a wound aluminum wire sample 7 between two wire pressing backing plates 6, placing the wire pressing backing plates in a press for extrusion, polishing one end of the extruded aluminum wire sample 7 by using the sand paper or a grinder, and then adopting a direct-reading spectrometer for chemical component analysis.
Embodiment two:
The embodiment provides a sample preparation method of a sample preparation device based on the analysis of the chemical composition of an aluminum wire of an overhead wire, which comprises the following steps:
1. Sampling, namely cutting and straightening an aluminum wire sample 7 with a certain length, cleaning the surface of the aluminum wire sample 7 by using sand paper, and scrubbing by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
2. Fixing the aluminum wire sample 7 by penetrating one end of the aluminum wire sample 7 through the sample fixing hole 2 of the winding body 1, inserting the first connecting part of the winding body 1 into the third connecting part in the first plug 36, winding the hand wheel 42, moving the moving device 4 leftwards through the screw rod 41, and inserting the second connecting part of the winding body 1 into the fourth connecting part in the second plug 37;
3. The sample preparation, namely starting a driving mechanism 3 to drive a winding body 1 to rotate, wherein the winding speed is 5-6r/min, forcibly pulling an aluminum wire sample 7, carrying out regular winding according to the drawing figure 9, and determining the winding number according to the required cross-sectional area;
4. taking down the wound sample, namely cutting off the fixed end and the residual end of the aluminum wire sample 7 after winding is finished, reversely winding the hand wheel 42, and taking down the wound metal wire 7 to obtain the aluminum wire sample 7 shown in figure 10;
5. The contact surface of the line pressing backing plate 6 and the aluminum wire sample 7 is scrubbed by absolute ethyl alcohol, the small section of the wound aluminum wire sample 7 is arranged between the two line pressing backing plates 6 at the lower part of the upper large section, and then the line pressing backing plates are extruded by a press;
6. Polishing, namely selecting a dense and smooth area on the surface of the extruded aluminum wire sample 7, polishing by using sand paper or a grinder, and scrubbing the polished surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol;
7. and (3) testing, namely adopting a direct-reading spectrometer to analyze chemical components of the grinding area.
Through regularly winding, extruding and polishing the aluminum wire sample in the embodiment, then adopting a direct-reading spectrometer to analyze chemical components, the problems that the excitation section size of the small-section aluminum wire does not meet the requirement, the excitation is insufficient, and the direct-reading spectrometer cannot be used for accurately testing are effectively solved, the problem that the error of the small-section aluminum wire caused by insufficient excitation is large, the influence on the judgment of test indexes due to the deviation of the chemical component index data of the aluminum wire is avoided, the problems of large workload, low efficiency and long time consumption caused by adopting a chemical analysis method and melting the aluminum wire at a high temperature are avoided, and meanwhile, the method based on the sample preparation is convenient to operate, has remarkable effect and improves safety.
It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail in this application, the above examples are provided to facilitate understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas, and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings, both in the detailed description and the application scope. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.