CN111426300A - Method and device for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence by zone and layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a ground subsidence zone layered monitoring and early warning method and device. The method comprises the following steps: dividing the ground settlement unit based on each index factor in the ground settlement partition and layered early warning index system; in every ground subsides the unit, set up the polymorphic type monitoring means, the polymorphic type monitoring means includes: precision leveling, GNSS and InSAR; classifying and optimizing the multi-type monitoring means, and establishing a ground settlement information resolving model; obtaining data to be monitored, calculating to obtain a layered settlement value in each ground settlement unit through a ground settlement information resolving model; and determining the ground settlement risk level according to the calculated layered settlement value, and performing early warning. The ground settlement subarea layered monitoring and early warning method and the ground settlement subarea layered monitoring and early warning device provided by the invention solve the problem that the existing early warning method cannot realize accurate settlement position distinguishing and low-precision early warning, and realize high-precision real-time ground settlement subarea and layered monitoring and early warning.

Description

Method and device for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence by zone and layer

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering geology, in particular to a method and a device for early-warning and monitoring of land subsidence by division and layering.

Background technique

Land subsidence, as a kind of "slowly changing geological disaster", has the characteristics of long duration, slow generation, wide influence, complex genetic mechanism and difficult prevention and control. It has become a global environmental geological problem. With the intensification of land subsidence, its impact on urban planning development and economic construction has gradually become prominent, such as inducing ground fissures, causing damage to buildings (structures), and causing loss of use value of land resources within a certain range; reducing ground elevation , resulting in a decline in the defense capability of urban flood control facilities, resulting in cracking and damage of underground tunnels, affecting the safe operation of subways and increasing maintenance costs.

The current land subsidence early warning only considers surface deformation information such as regional cumulative subsidence and subsidence rate, and cannot reflect the layered deformation characteristics and distribution of land subsidence, and cannot accurately identify the main subsidence layers. The relevant norms of land subsidence in my country lack a clear land subsidence zoning and layered early warning index system, which makes it difficult to achieve accurate early warning for disaster-stricken bodies built in different layers of underground space, which increases the difficulty of implementing land subsidence prevention and control measures. At the same time, the monitoring and early warning facilities are unevenly laid out, and there is a lack of effective unit restrictions, which reduces the early warning accuracy. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a stratified and regional early warning index system for land subsidence to carry out high-precision monitoring and early warning of land subsidence.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a land subsidence subdivision and layered monitoring and early warning method and device, to solve the problem that the existing pre-warning method cannot realize the accurate identification of subsidence layers and low-precision pre-warning, and to achieve high-precision, real-time land subsidence subdivision, classification and pre-warning. Layer monitoring and early warning.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a land subsidence subdivision and layered monitoring and early warning method, the method includes: based on each index factor in the land subsidence subdivision and layered early warning index system, dividing the land subsidence unit; In each land subsidence unit, set up multiple types of monitoring methods, including: precision leveling, GNSS and InSAR; classify and optimize the multiple types of monitoring methods, and establish a land subsidence information calculation model; obtain the data to be monitored, through The land subsidence information solution model is used to calculate the layered subsidence value in each land subsidence unit; according to the calculated layered subsidence value, the land subsidence risk level is determined and early warning is given.

In some embodiments, the land subsidence zoning and layered early warning indicator system includes: a target layer, a standard and criterion layer, and an indicator layer.

In some embodiments, the index layer includes: a land subsidence zonal index and a land subsidence stratified index.

In some embodiments, the stratified index of land subsidence reflects: the vertical development depth of land subsidence, the main contribution layer and sensitive layer of land subsidence, the land subsidence index reflecting the characteristics of surface deformation, and the degree, depth and scale of underground space development and utilization.

In some embodiments, the land subsidence information calculation model includes: a leveling point correction model, a deformation projection transformation model, and a groundwater-land subsidence coupling model.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: before dividing the land subsidence unit based on each index factor in the land subsidence zoning and stratified early warning index system, establishing a land subsidence zoning and stratifying early warning index system, and obtaining each index through PCA Weights.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: designing a framework structure of land subsidence partitions and a hierarchical early warning index system, and performing index system screening based on regional land subsidence research results.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: before obtaining the data to be monitored, solving the model through the land subsidence information, and calculating the layered subsidence value in each land subsidence unit, classifying and optimizing the multi-type monitoring means, and establishing the land subsidence After the information calculation model, the frame structure of the land subsidence zone and layered early warning index system is designed, and the index system is screened based on the research results of regional land subsidence.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: after determining the land subsidence risk level in combination with the grading standard of land subsidence early warning, and after performing the early warning, comprehensively applying cloud computing, big data, and WebGIS technologies to realize the division and layered display of the early warning results.

In addition, the present invention also provides a land subsidence subdivision and layered monitoring and early warning device, the device includes: one or more processors; a storage device for storing one or more programs, when the one or more programs Executed by the one or more processors, so that the one or more processors implement the method for downward continuation of gravity and magnetic data as described above.

After adopting such a design, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

Aiming at the defect that the traditional early warning method can only perform early warning based on the surface deformation information, and cannot realize the early warning of stratified and partitioned, the invention is designed on the basis of identifying the main control influencing factors of ground subsidence, and constructs a multi-source ground subsidence monitoring technical framework system, and obtains partitions. , layered, real-time subsidence information, overcome the limitations of existing monitoring technologies, combine regional and key project land subsidence evaluation standards, establish a land subsidence early warning evaluation index system, and comprehensively apply cloud computing, big data, and WebGIS technologies to realize land subsidence zoning , Hierarchical monitoring and early warning.

Description of drawings

The above is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the ground subsidence subregional layered monitoring and early warning method provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a ground subsidence zone-layered monitoring and early warning device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for early-warning and monitoring of land subsidence by zone and layer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Figure 1, the methods for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence by zoning and zoning include:

S11, design the framework structure of land subsidence zoning and layered early warning index system, and carry out index system screening based on regional land subsidence research results.

The framework structure includes three parts, the target layer, the standard and criterion layer, and the index layer.

Among them, the target layer is to realize the monitoring and early warning of land subsidence, and the standard and guideline layer. The standard is to follow the current relevant norms and standards related to the monitoring and evaluation of land subsidence. Each index reflects the consolidation and compression of underground loose rock layers caused by natural factors or human engineering activities. And lead to the slow-moving geological disasters that reduce the ground elevation in a certain area. In the process of index selection, (1) the selection index is expressed in numerical form (quantitative); (2) it highlights the characteristics of land subsidence and deformation; (3) each index is irreplaceable and unique. The indicator layer is a variety of indicators that reflect the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of land subsidence and support the early warning of land subsidence.

The index layer consists of two parts: land subsidence zoning and land subsidence stratification.

The selection of land subsidence zoning indicators should highlight the following four parts: (1) The natural factors that affect the development of land subsidence mainly include: geological structure, the thickness of the compressible layer, and the characteristics of the aquifer; (2) The human factors that affect the development of land subsidence mainly include: Underground resource mining level, underground resource mining volume, building static load and vehicle dynamic load; (3) urban planning and major projects, lifeline projects, etc.; (4) existing land subsidence disaster areas. The selection of the stratified index of land subsidence should highlight the following four parts: (1) the vertical development depth of land subsidence; (2) the main contribution layer and sensitive layer of land subsidence; (3) the land subsidence index reflecting the characteristics of surface deformation; (4) ) The degree, depth and scale of underground space development and utilization.

S12, establish a land subsidence zoning and hierarchical early warning index system, and obtain the weight of each index.

The early warning index system includes land subsidence zonal index and land subsidence stratified index. This step mainly adopts the means of expert consultation and statistical analysis to comprehensively determine the early warning indicator system. The specific determination steps are as follows:

Based on the research results of urban planning and land subsidence mechanism, indicators that can fully reflect the characteristics of regional land subsidence are selected and distributed to experts in relevant fields. Different indicators are scored from multiple perspectives such as geological background and structural damage. Very important (10-8 points), relatively important (8-6 points), generally important (6-4 points), not important (4-2 points). Remove the unimportant parts, quantify the indicators selected from the remaining three levels, and analyze the relationship between each indicator and land subsidence (including the impact on the development of land subsidence and the degree of influence by land subsidence) based on statistical principles. Analysis methods Mainly through the correlation analysis method combined with the principal component analysis (PCA), the comprehensive screening of each index was carried out again. Finally, it is selected as the monitoring and early warning index of land subsidence, and the monitoring and early warning index system of land subsidence is established.

S13, based on each index factor, divide the land subsidence unit.

Based on the screening results and weights of the zoning indicators, the index factors representing natural factors are selected, and the factors are superimposed and analyzed by the linear weighted synthesis method (equation 1) to obtain the ground foundation subsidence unit. This unit mainly reflects the ground subsidence foundation pattern, and the results are superimposed. Human factors and land subsidence disaster index factors are used to obtain the dynamic unit of land subsidence, which represents the severity and development range of land subsidence. Finally, the index factors reflecting the deformation characteristics of major projects are superimposed to obtain a comprehensive unit of land subsidence, which represents the impact of land subsidence on urban construction.

In the formula: y——comprehensive evaluation value; _xj ——evaluation index; _wj ——evaluation index; corresponding weight coefficient of _xj ; n——the number of evaluation index.

S14, in each land subsidence unit, multiple types of monitoring means are set up, and each monitoring means can obtain surface deformation information or vertical deformation characteristics of the formation.

Based on the results of the comprehensive unit of land subsidence, and according to the internal main control impact indicators/receptors, monitoring methods or means that can effectively reflect the characteristics of each indicator are selected. The main means include distributed optical fiber, CMT multi-level monitoring wells, GNSS, InSAR and other monitoring technologies that can obtain real-time data information.

S15, classify various types of monitoring means, perform integrated optimization, and establish a land subsidence information solution model.

According to different monitoring scales, they are generally classified into surface monitoring systems and vertical monitoring systems. Surface monitoring systems include regional monitoring methods and small-scale monitoring methods for key projects. For different projects, the monitoring methods are slightly different, and refer to the monitoring standards for different engineering methods. specification. At present, regional monitoring methods mainly include precision leveling, GNSS and InSAR. Among them, precision leveling obtains surface deformation information by laying out a multi-level leveling network, and obtaining surface deformation information through adjustment calculation and spatial interpolation. This method cannot meet the requirements of real-time dynamic monitoring of land subsidence. Requirements, precision leveling is usually used to verify the accuracy of land subsidence monitoring technology due to its high precision. GNSS measurement technology has the advantages of short cycle, high positioning accuracy, rapid network deployment, and all-weather. However, what GNSS measurement obtains is the point-like distribution of ground monitoring point deformation information, so this method is mainly used for ground subsidence information monitoring in subsidence center areas or areas with severe differential subsidence. Synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry technology can be real-time, fast, large-scale and high-precision, and the monitoring accuracy of obtaining vertical deformation information can reach mm level, which can be used for real-time monitoring of regional subsidence. However, its detection ability is limited in horizontal deformation monitoring, and it is not sensitive to horizontal deformation. In addition, the phase unwrapping is seriously affected by atmospheric delay and space-time de-correlation, so it is necessary to eliminate the influence of these errors in the solution. Based on the above analysis, the comprehensive multi-interpretation method of InSAR data is selected as the main method for real-time dynamic monitoring of regional land subsidence, and the results of GNSS and precision leveling are used to correct the results.

Benchmarking model

Using the spatial projection transformation model, the precision leveling point and the PS point are corrected to the same coordinate system. Taking the leveling point as the center of the circle, the cumulative settlement of the PS point within a range of 100m is averaged, and the measured value of the precision leveling point is compared. Calculate the correlation coefficient and root mean square error. Specific steps are as follows:

Convert the PS point line-of-sight deformation variable into the vertical direction deformation variable by formula a.

Calculate the error value (E _vari ) between the level point and the transformed PS deformation variable, which includes orbital error, atmospheric delay, and random error.

Atmospheric delay and terrain-induced errors (E _s ) are calculated using a systematic error model, and regional error estimates (E _a ) are calculated in combination with variograms.

Use formula b to perform PS point correction.

V _v =V _los /cosθ (a)

E _vair =V _v -V _b

E _vair =E _s +E _a (b)

V _verif =V _v -E _vair

In the above formula, V _v is the deformation amount in the vertical direction of the PS value, V _Los is the deformation amount in the LOS direction of the PS value, ΔH is the displacement of the ground surface in the vertical direction, and θ is the imaging side view of the SAR satellite.

2. Deformation projection conversion model of GPS and InSAR

(1) GPS data projection transformation model

Suppose the actual deformation vector of the ground surface is V, the deformation components along the east, north and vertical directions are (ΔE, ΔN, ΔH), and the horizontal deformation components in the east and north directions obtained by GPS observation are (ΔE _GPS , ΔN _GPS ), let V _GPS =(ΔE _GPS , ΔN _GPS ). Assuming that the included angle between the SAR satellite running track direction (SAR image azimuth) and the north direction is Φ, the GPS horizontal displacement (ΔE _GPS , ΔN _GPS ) is converted to its range (Range) and azimuth in the SAR image with the help of the Φ angle. The deformation projection component (ΔR, ΔA) to (Azimuth), let V _SAR = (ΔR, ΔA), the conversion relationship between the two is:

The azimuth direction is perpendicular to the range direction and the LOS direction, so the deformation variable ΔA in the azimuth direction is projected to be zero in the LOS direction, and the angle between the deformation variable ΔR in the range direction and the LOS direction is θ, so ΔR The deformation projection component in the LOS direction is (ΔE _GPS cosΦ+ΔN _GPS sinΦ) sinθ, the deformation component ΔH in the vertical direction in the LOS direction is ΔH cosθ, the sum of the two is the projection of the three-dimensional surface deformation to the radar Line of sight direction (LOS deformation Δr, therefore:

Δr=ΔH·cosθ+(ΔE _GPS cosΦ+ΔN _GPS sinΦ)·sinθ

In the above formula, Δr is the deformation amount in the LOS direction measured by InSAR, ΔH is the displacement of the ground surface in the vertical direction, and θ is the imaging side view of the SAR satellite. Rewrite the above formula into the following form:

The above formula establishes the conversion relationship between the LOS deformation of the radar and the deformation in the vertical direction of the surface. It can be seen from this formula that if the horizontal displacement of the ground surface (ΔE _GPS , ΔN _GPS ) and the angles Φ and θ calculated based on the satellite orbit parameters have been measured, using (3), the InSAR can be placed in the radar line-of-sight direction ( The LOS) deformation amount Δr is converted into the deformation amount ΔH of the ground surface in the vertical direction.

(2) Mean Atmospheric Delay Model

①Using the GPS calculation results to calculate the high-precision tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD) during the transit time of the SAR satellite. The zenith static delay (ZHD) is calculated using the ground meteorological data, and then the zenith wet delay (ZWD) is obtained by ZTD-ZHD. The zenith wet delay GPS (ZWD) calculated by GPS combined with ground meteorological data and the zenith wet delay MODIS (ZWD) obtained by inversion of MODIS data are regressed and fitted to realize the correction of MODIS (ZWD) by GPS (ZWD).

为GPS站点纬度，H为GPS站点高程值。where P _s is the surface atmospheric pressure,

is the GPS site latitude, and H is the GPS site elevation value.

② Calculate the differential atmospheric delay phase at the time of acquisition of the main and auxiliary SAR images. The formula is:

进行低通滤波。where θ _inc is the radar incident angle. In order to attenuate the effects of noise and operating errors, it is necessary to

Perform low-pass filtering.

与GPS/MODIS数据联合反演得到的大气延迟相位

做均值融合处理，建立高精度、高时空分辨率的大气延迟均值模型。Atmospheric delay phase separated from PS-InSAR residual phase

Atmospheric delay phase obtained by joint inversion with GPS/MODIS data

Perform mean fusion processing to establish an atmospheric delay mean model with high precision and high spatial and temporal resolution.

(3) Atmospheric delay correction model

相位图与初始差分干涉相位图进行配准，达到像元尺度的统一，才能进行栅格计算，求取消除大气延迟影响的高精度差分干涉相位图。Since the removal of the atmospheric delay phase is carried out for the pixel, it is also necessary to

The phase map is registered with the initial differential interferometric phase map to achieve the unity of the pixel scale, and then the grid calculation can be performed to obtain a high-precision differential interferometric phase map that eliminates the influence of atmospheric delay.

为大气延迟改正后的差分干涉相位图，

为初始差分干涉相位图。In the formula,

is the differential interferometric phase diagram after atmospheric delay correction,

is the initial differential interference phase map.

The vertical monitoring system currently mainly includes bedrock-layered markers, distributed optical fibers and groundwater monitoring wells. The bedrock marker-layered marker monitoring method realizes the acquisition of high-precision vertical layered ground subsidence deformation information by placing the benchmarks in different subsidence layers, and its accuracy reaches 0.01-0.1mm. However, due to the complex operation, large area, high construction technology and high cost, this method is only used for the verification of the stratified monitoring model of land subsidence and the study of the subsidence mechanism of the destination. Distributed optical fiber technology refers to the technical method of laying sensing optical cables in the object under test to realize the continuity test of multi-physical parameters in one-dimensional direction. Brillouin scattering can reflect the characteristics of optical fiber strain. It is calculated by formula that the construction process of this method is relatively simple, and multi-level continuous settlement information can be obtained. It is widely used, but its construction cost is relatively high, and it can be used for settlement center/level Central stratified monitoring.

分别表示与光纤类型有关的应变和温度的比例系数。In the formula, υ _B (ε, T) is the drift of the fiber Brillouin frequency when the ambient temperature is T and the strain is ε; υ _B (0, T ₀ ) is the fiber cloth when the temperature is T ₀ and the strain is 0 The amount of drift in the Leeuon frequency;

are the scaling factors for strain and temperature, respectively, related to the fiber type.

FBGs reflect light of a specific wavelength that satisfies the following conditions:

λ _B =2n _eff Λ

In the formula, λ _B is the center wavelength of the reflected light; n _eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber core; Λ is the spatial period of the refractive index modulation of the fiber grating.

External stress and temperature changes will cause changes in refractive index and grating pitch, resulting in the shift of FBG wavelength λ _B , which satisfies the linear relationship:

where Δλ is the wavelength change of the FBG, ε is the axial strain of the fiber, ΔT is the temperature change, P _s is the photoelastic coefficient of the fiber, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber, and ζ is the thermo-optic coefficient of the fiber.

Groundwater overexploitation is the main influencing factor in the severely developed areas of land subsidence in my country. The decrease of groundwater level leads to dissipation of pore water pressure, and the increase of effective stress leads to subsidence of compressed soil layers. Therefore, the amplitude of groundwater level variation can indicate the subsidence of the aquifer system.

Layered monitoring of land subsidence is realized through groundwater-land subsidence coupled model or empirical model. Its formula is as follows:

where: Ω—seepage area; h—water level elevation of groundwater; K—permeability coefficient; w—source-sink term of aquifer; _{h0 —} initial water level; _Ss —water storage rate; ₂ —the second type of boundary; K _n —the permeability coefficient in the normal direction of the second type of boundary interface, n—the normal direction of the second type of boundary interface; Δb—the amount of deformation; b—the thickness of the soil layer; S _sk —the skeleton water storage (when the water level is lower than the previous minimum water level, the parameter is S _skv —the inelastic skeleton water storage rate, when the water level is higher than the previous minimum water level, the parameter is S _skv — the elastic skeleton water storage rate).

Where: S _sk and S _skv are elastic water storage rate and inelastic water storage rate, respectively:

where: C _c compression index; C _r rebound index; γ _w water bulk density; σ effective stress; e ₀ initial void ratio.

S16, based on the multi-objective land subsidence evaluation standard, establish a land subsidence early warning classification standard in each land subsidence unit.

Based on the comprehensive unit of land subsidence, the internal early warning standard of each unit is established. The early warning standard integrates the "National Land Subsidence Prevention and Control Plan", "Regional Land Subsidence Prevention and Control Plan", the threshold of each building/linear engineering deformation caused by the land subsidence in the unit, and the "regional land subsidence disaster risk assessment factor level". Comprehensive comparison, according to the thresholds of receptors in different subsidence layers, the early warning levels are divided from small to large. The first warning level is

S17, the data to be monitored is obtained, and the layered settlement value in each unit is calculated by solving the model.

In S18, combined with the grading standard, determine the risk level of land subsidence, and carry out early warning.

S19, comprehensively apply cloud computing, big data, and WebGIS technologies to realize partitioned and hierarchical display of early warning results.

Fig. 2 shows the typical structure of the ground subsidence zone-layered monitoring and early warning device. For example, the apparatus 200 for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence zones and layers may be used as a computing device for the downward extension process. As described in this paper, the device 200 for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence zones and layers can be used to implement the function of downward continuation calculation of gravity or magnetic field data in a computing device. The apparatus 200 for monitoring and pre-warning of land subsidence by zoning and stratification may be implemented in a single node, or the functions of the apparatus 200 for monitoring and early-warning of land subsidence by zoning and stratification may be implemented in multiple nodes in the network. Those skilled in the art should realize that the term land subsidence zonal and layered monitoring and early warning device includes equipment in a broad sense, and the land subsidence zonal and layered monitoring and early warning device 200 shown in FIG. 2 is just one example. The ground subsidence zonal and layered monitoring and early warning device 200 is included for clarity, and is not intended to limit the application of the present invention to a specific embodiment of the land subsidence zonal and layered monitoring and early warning device or a certain type of land subsidence zonal and layered monitoring and early warning device. Example. At least some of the features/methods described in the present invention may be implemented in a network device or component, for example, the land subsidence subdivision and layered monitoring and early warning device 200 . For example, the features/methods of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or software installed and running on hardware. The apparatus 200 for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence zones and layers may be any device that processes, stores and/or forwards data frames through a network, for example, a server, a client, a data source, and the like. As shown in FIG. 2 , the ground subsidence zone-layered monitoring and early warning device 200 may include a transceiver (Tx/Rx) 210 , which may be a transmitter, a receiver, or a combination thereof. The Tx/Rx 210 may be coupled to multiple ports 250 (eg, upstream and/or downstream interfaces) for sending and/or receiving frames from other nodes. The processor 230 may be coupled to the Tx/Rx 210 to process the frame and/or determine which nodes to send the frame to. Processor 230 may include one or more multi-core processors and/or memory device 232, which may function as data storage, buffers, and the like. The processor 230 may be implemented as a general-purpose processor, or may be part of one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and/or digital signal processors (DSPs).

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Those skilled in the art make some simple modifications, equivalent changes or modifications by using the technical contents disclosed above, all of which fall within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. a land subsidence zonal layered monitoring and early warning method, is characterized in that, comprises: Based on each index factor in the land subsidence zoning and layered early warning index system, the land subsidence unit is divided; In each land subsidence unit, set up multiple types of monitoring methods, including: precision leveling, GNSS and InSAR; Categorize and optimize multiple types of monitoring methods, and establish a land subsidence information solution model; Obtain the data to be monitored, and calculate the layered subsidence value in each land subsidence unit through the calculation model of the land subsidence information; According to the calculated layered subsidence value, determine the risk level of land subsidence and carry out early warning. 2 . The land subsidence subregional and hierarchical monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1 , wherein the land subsidence subregional and hierarchical early warning indicator system comprises: a target layer, a standard and criterion layer, and an indicator layer. 3 . 3 . The method for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence by zoning and stratification according to claim 2 , wherein the index layer comprises: a zoning index of land subsidence and a stratified index of land subsidence. 4 . 4. The land subsidence zonal and layered monitoring and early warning method according to claim 3, wherein the land subsidence layered index reflects: the vertical development depth of land subsidence, the main contribution layer and sensitive layer of land subsidence, and the characteristics of surface deformation. The index of land subsidence and the degree, depth and scale of underground space development and utilization. 5 . The method for monitoring and early warning of land subsidence by zone and layer according to claim 1 , wherein the land subsidence information calculation model comprises: a leveling point correction model, a deformation projection conversion model, and a groundwater-land subsidence coupling model. 6 . 6. The land subsidence zonal layered monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, further comprising: Before the division of land subsidence units based on the index factors in the land subsidence zoning and stratified early warning index system, the land subsidence zoning and stratified early warning index system is established, and the weight of each index is obtained through PCA. 7. The land subsidence zonal layered monitoring and early warning method according to claim 2, further comprising: Design the frame structure of land subsidence zone and layered early warning index system, and carry out index system screening based on regional land subsidence research results. 8. The land subsidence zonal layered monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises: Before obtaining the data to be monitored and calculating the layered subsidence value in each land subsidence unit through the land subsidence information solution model, after classifying and optimizing the multi-type monitoring methods and establishing the land subsidence information solution model, design the land subsidence The framework structure of the early warning index system by division and layer is carried out based on the research results of regional land subsidence to carry out the index system screening. 9. The land subsidence zonal layered monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises: Combined with the classification standard of land subsidence early warning, the risk level of land subsidence is determined, and after early warning, cloud computing, big data, and WebGIS technologies are comprehensively applied to realize the division and layered display of early warning results. 10. A land subsidence zonal layered monitoring and early warning device, characterized in that, comprising: one or more processors; storage means for storing one or more programs, When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method for downward extension of gravity and magnetic data according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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