CN111385952B - Distributed X-ray light source emission control device - Google Patents
Distributed X-ray light source emission control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111385952B CN111385952B CN201811631309.5A CN201811631309A CN111385952B CN 111385952 B CN111385952 B CN 111385952B CN 201811631309 A CN201811631309 A CN 201811631309A CN 111385952 B CN111385952 B CN 111385952B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
- H05G1/08—Electrical details
- H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
- H05G1/30—Controlling
- H05G1/32—Supply voltage of the X-ray apparatus or tube
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present disclosure discloses a distributed X-ray light source emission control device including a controller configured to output a digital pulse sequence signal, a pulse selection circuit connected to the controller and including a plurality of switches, the pulse selection circuit configured to receive the digital pulse sequence signal and select one of the plurality of switches to be turned on according to the digital pulse sequence signal to output a first pulse signal, and a pulse generation circuit connected to the pulse selection circuit and including a plurality of pulse generation units respectively connected to the plurality of switches, wherein the pulse generation unit connected to the switch outputting the first pulse signal generates a second pulse signal according to a positive voltage signal, a negative voltage signal, and the first pulse signal and outputs the generated second pulse signal to a cathode module, the second pulse signal having an amplitude greater than an amplitude of the first pulse signal.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of electronics, and in particular, to a distributed X-ray source emission control device.
Background
Since X-rays were found in 1895 in the ethical industry, X-rays have been widely used in various fields such as industrial nondestructive inspection, security inspection, medical diagnosis, and treatment, and X-ray fluoroscopic imaging apparatuses made by using high penetrating power of X-rays play an important role in daily life of people. Such imaging devices have undergone the development of earlier film-type planar perspective imaging devices to the present digital, multi-view, and high-resolution stereoscopic imaging devices.
A computer tomography (Computed Tomography (CT)) device is used as an advanced imaging device, and a computer three-dimensional reconstruction technology is adopted to obtain a high-definition three-dimensional stereo image or slice image. In the existing popular CT equipment, an X-ray generating device needs to move around a detected object on a slip ring, when the detected object is in a moving state or is required to be detected rapidly, the requirement on the moving speed of the X-ray generating device is very high, so that the reliability and stability of the equipment are reduced, and the defects of motion artifact, poor definition and the like are generated in images.
The distributed X-ray light source is widely studied at home and abroad in recent years, and the working principle of the distributed X-ray light source is that cathodes of an electron emission unit are arranged in an array, and electrons are emitted by utilizing voltage between the cathodes and a grid mesh, so that each cathode is controlled to emit electrons in sequence, and targets are bombarded on anodes according to corresponding sequence positions, so that the distributed X-ray source is formed. The electronic switching trigger of the cathode is used for replacing the mechanical motion of the traditional CT, so that the imaging speed and definition are improved.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a distributed X-ray light source emission control device including:
A controller configured to output a digital pulse train signal;
A pulse selection circuit connected to the controller and including a plurality of switches, the pulse selection circuit configured to receive the digital pulse train signal and to selectively turn on one of the plurality of switches to output a first pulse signal according to the digital pulse train signal, and
And a pulse generating circuit connected to the pulse selecting circuit and including a plurality of pulse generating units respectively connected to the plurality of switches, wherein the pulse generating unit connected to the switch outputting the first pulse signal generates a second pulse signal according to a positive voltage signal, a negative voltage signal, and the first pulse signal, and outputs the generated second pulse signal to the cathode module, wherein the second pulse signal has a larger amplitude than that of the first pulse signal, and during a high level of the first pulse signal, the generated second pulse signal is the positive voltage signal, and during a low level of the first pulse signal, the generated second pulse signal is the negative voltage signal.
In one embodiment, the cathode module includes a plurality of cathode units, one ends of the plurality of cathode units are connected to the plurality of pulse generating units, respectively, and the other ends of the plurality of cathode units are connected to each other, and the cathode module is configured to generate the pulse signal according to the second pulse signal through the cathode unit connected to the pulse generating unit that outputs the second pulse signal.
In one embodiment, the controller further comprises:
A counter configured to count the digital pulse train signal to generate a count value, generate a binary code according to the count value, and send the binary code to the pulse selection circuit.
In one embodiment, the pulse selection circuit is further configured to:
the binary code is received, and it is determined to turn on one of the plurality of switches to output the first pulse signal according to the received binary code.
In one embodiment, the pulse selection circuit includes a number of switches greater than or equal to the number of cathode units.
In one embodiment, when the pulse selection circuit includes a number of switches greater than the number of cathode cells, a binary bit 0 is input to the unused switches.
In one embodiment, the distributed X-ray source emission control device further includes:
and a positive voltage pulse train signal generator connected between the controller and the pulse generation circuit and configured to receive the digital pulse train signal and generate the positive voltage signal according to the digital pulse train signal.
In one embodiment, the positive voltage pulse train signal generator includes:
a digital-to-analog converter connected to the controller and configured to receive the digital pulse train signal and convert the digital pulse train signal to an analog pulse train signal, and
A first operational amplifier connected between the digital-to-analog converter and the pulse generation circuit and configured to receive the analog pulse train signal and amplify the analog pulse train signal to output the amplified analog pulse train signal as the positive voltage signal to the pulse generation circuit.
In one embodiment, the distributed X-ray source emission control device further includes:
And a feedback circuit connected between the controller and the cathode module and configured to integrate the cathode pulse signals output from the cathode module to generate a composite pulse sequence signal, process the composite pulse sequence signal, and feed back the processed signal to the controller.
In one embodiment, the feedback circuit includes:
A sampling resistor, one end of which is connected with the pulse generating circuit and the ground voltage, and the other end of which is connected with the cathode module;
A preprocessor connected with the cathode module and configured to integrate the cathode pulse signals output by the cathode module to generate a synthesized pulse sequence signal, and preprocess the synthesized pulse sequence signal to generate a preprocessed synthesized pulse sequence signal, and
An analog-to-digital converter is connected to the preprocessor and configured to analog-to-digital convert the preprocessed synthesized pulse train signal to generate a digital synthesized pulse train signal and output the generated digital synthesized pulse train signal to the controller.
In one embodiment, preprocessing the composite pulse train signal includes:
amplifying the synthesized pulse sequence signal.
In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to:
And receiving the generated digital synthesized pulse sequence signal, calculating an output current pulse sequence signal of the cathode module according to the digital synthesized pulse sequence signal and the resistance value of the sampling resistor, comparing the output current pulse sequence signal with a reference current pulse sequence signal stored in the controller, and outputting a comparison result to the digital-to-analog converter.
In one embodiment, the digital-to-analog converter is further configured to:
the comparison result is received, the amplitude of the analog pulse train signal is adjusted according to the comparison result, and the adjusted analog pulse train signal is output to the first operational amplifier.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cathode unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a distributed X-ray light source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of a distributed X-ray source emission control device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 illustrates a timing diagram of a digital pulse train signal and a multi-path first pulse signal generated from the pulse train in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a pulse generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 illustrates a timing diagram of a first operational amplifier output value and a multi-path second pulse signal generated from the first operational amplifier output value according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of a first operational amplifier according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and
Fig. 8 shows a circuit diagram of a feedback circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The drawings do not show all the circuits or structures of the embodiments. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or features.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The words "a", "an", and "the" as used herein are also intended to include the meaning of "a plurality", etc., unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a cathode unit 100 included in a distributed X-ray source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The cathode unit 100 may be a grid electron gun, and may be composed of a cathode emitter 110, a grid 120, and an anode target 130. When a negative voltage is applied to the grid 120, the cathode emitter 110 does not emit electrons, and thus the cathode unit 100 does not generate X-rays, and when a positive voltage is applied to the grid 120, the electrons emitted by the cathode emitter 110 strike the anode target 130 through the grid 120 to generate X-rays. The amount of electrons emitted can be adjusted by controlling the voltage value on the grid 120, thereby adjusting the X-ray yield.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a distributed X-ray light source 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The distributed X-ray source 200 may comprise a plurality of cathode units. When the distributed X-ray source 200 is operated, electrons emitted by the respective cathode emitters may alternately pass through the respective grid and strike different locations of the anode target to generate X-rays.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a distributed X-ray source emission control device 300 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The distributed X-ray source emission control device 300 is used to control the distributed X-ray source 200 shown in fig. 2 to generate X-rays. The distributed X-ray source emission control device 300 may include a controller 310, a pulse selection circuit 320, and a pulse generation circuit 330. The controller 310 may be configured to output a digital pulse train signal. The controller 310 may also include a counter configured to count the digital pulse train signal to generate a count value, generate a binary code from the count value, and send the binary code to the pulse selection circuit 320. The pulse selection circuit 320 may be connected to the controller 310 and include a plurality of switches. The pulse selection circuit 320 may be configured to receive the digital pulse train signal and select one of the plurality of switches to be turned on to output the first pulse signal according to the digital pulse train signal. The pulse selection circuit 320 may be a programmable logic device, a data selector, a decoder, or a shift register.
The pulse selection circuit 320 may also be configured to receive the binary code and determine to turn on one of the plurality of switches to output the first pulse signal based on the received binary code. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, port I is a digital pulse train input and port E x～E0 is a switch select input. When the pulse currently input to the port I is the m (0= < m < = n, n is the number of cathode units described below) th pulse in the digital pulse train signal, the binary code of the value m is input to the port E x～E0 at the rising edge of the m-th pulse, the Y m -th switch is selected to be turned on to output the first pulse signal, and the remaining switches are turned off to output the low level signal. Similarly, when the pulse currently input to the port I is the (m+1) th pulse, the binary code of the value (m+1) is input to the port E x～E0 at the rising edge of the (m+1) th pulse, the Y m+1 th switch is selected to be turned on to output the first pulse signal, the remaining switches are turned off to output the low level signal, and so on, thereby achieving the switching of the pulse position.
Fig. 4 shows a timing diagram of a digital pulse train signal and a multi-path first pulse signal generated from the digital pulse train signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The number of the input digital pulse sequence is 0,1,2,..n, 0,1. When the pulse currently input to the port I is the pulse No. 0, the switch No. 0 is selected to be turned on according to the binary code of the value 0 and the first pulse No. 0 is output, when the pulse currently input to the port I is the pulse No. 1, the switch No. 1 is selected to be turned on according to the binary code of the value 1 and the first pulse No. 1 is output, when the pulse currently input to the port I is the pulse No. 2, the switch No. 2 is selected to be turned on according to the binary code of the value 2 and the first pulse No. 2 is output, and so on, when the pulse currently input to the port I is the pulse No. n, the switch No. n is selected to be turned on according to the binary code of the value n and the first pulse No. n is output, as shown in fig. 4.
The pulse generation circuit 330 may be connected to the pulse selection circuit 320 and may include a plurality of pulse generation units. The plurality of pulse generating units may be respectively connected to a plurality of switches in the pulse selection circuit 320. The pulse generating unit connected to the switch outputting the first pulse signal generates a second pulse signal according to the positive voltage signal, the negative voltage signal, and the first pulse signal, and outputs the generated second pulse signal to the cathode module 340, wherein the amplitude of the second pulse signal is greater than the amplitude of the first pulse signal. The positive voltage signal may be provided by the first operational amplifier 360 described below and the range of the positive voltage signal may be 36V-100V, and the negative voltage signal may be provided by the negative voltage source 390 and the range of the negative voltage signal may be-200V-80V. The generated second pulse signal is a positive voltage signal during a high level of the first pulse signal, and is a negative voltage signal during a low level of the first pulse signal.
Fig. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a pulse generating unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. When the first pulse signal is input to the pulse generating unit, the first pulse signal may drive the switch S1 to be turned on via the open buffer Buff1 while the switch S2 is turned off, and the pulse generating unit may output the same positive voltage signal as the positive voltage signal applied to the switch S1 at this time, and during the low level of the first pulse signal, the first pulse signal may drive the switch S2 to be turned on via the reverse buffer Buff2 while the switch S1 is turned off, and the pulse generating unit outputs the same negative voltage signal as the negative voltage signal applied to the switch S2, thereby realizing the conversion of the first pulse signal to the second pulse signal. A timing diagram of the first operational amplifier output value (i.e., the positive voltage signal) and the multiple second pulse signals generated from the first operational amplifier output value is shown in fig. 6. The switches S1, S2 include, but are not limited to, transistors, MOSFETs, opto-electronic switches, IGBTs, and the Buff1, buff2 include, but are not limited to, discrete half-bridge drivers, integrated half-bridge drivers, opto-isolated drivers, and the like.
The distributed X-ray source emission control device 300 may further comprise a positive voltage pulse train signal generator 302. The positive voltage pulse train signal generator 302 may be connected between the controller 310 and the pulse generating circuit 330, and may be configured to receive the digital pulse train signal and generate the positive voltage signal according to the digital pulse train signal. The positive voltage pulse train signal generator 302 may include a digital-to-analog converter 350 and a first operational amplifier 360. The digital-to-analog converter 350 may be connected to the controller 310 and may be configured to receive the digital pulse train signal and convert the digital pulse train signal to an analog pulse train signal. The first operational amplifier 360 may be connected between the digital-to-analog converter 350 and the pulse generating circuit 330, and may be configured to receive the analog pulse train signal and amplify the analog pulse train signal to output the amplified analog pulse train signal to the pulse generating circuit 330 as the above-described positive voltage signal.
Fig. 7 shows a circuit diagram of a first operational amplifier 360 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The analog pulse train signal from the digital-to-analog converter 350 is input to the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier 360. The inverting input of the first operational amplifier 360 is grounded via a resistor Rx and connected to the output of the first operational amplifier 360 via a resistor Rf.
The amplification factor a of the first operational amplifier 360 may be determined by the following equation:
Where R x is the resistance value of resistor Rx and R f is the resistance value of resistor Rf. The first operational amplifier 360 may be composed of a class a operational amplifier and discrete components, or may be composed of a class B operational amplifier and discrete components, wherein the range of the output voltage of the class a operational amplifier is 0 to 200v, and the range of the output voltage of the class B operational amplifier is 0 to 36v. Of course, the first operational amplifier 360 is not limited thereto.
The cathode module 340 may include a plurality of cathode units. One ends of the plurality of cathode units may be connected to the plurality of pulse generating units, respectively, and the other ends of the plurality of cathode units may be connected to each other. A cathode unit connected to the pulse generating unit outputting the second pulse signal generates a cathode pulse signal based on the second pulse signal. It should be noted that the pulse selection circuit 320 includes the number of switches greater than or equal to the number of cathode cells. When the pulse selection circuit 320 includes a greater number of switches than the number of cathode cells, a binary bit 0 may be input to the unused switches.
The plurality of cathode units in the cathode module 340 respectively output cathode pulse signals, and since only one cathode unit is activated at each time, the plurality of cathode pulse signals may be integrated into a composite pulse train signal to correspond to the pulse train signal input to the pulse selection circuit.
The distributed X-ray source emission control device 300 may further comprise a feedback circuit 301. The feedback circuit 301 may be connected between the controller 310 and the cathode module 340 and configured to process the synthesized pulse train signal output by the cathode module 340 and to feed back the processed signal to the controller 310.
Fig. 8 shows a circuit diagram of a feedback circuit 301 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The feedback circuit 301 may include a sampling resistor Rs, a pre-processor 370, and an analog-to-digital converter 380 (e.g., ADC, etc.). One end of the sampling resistor Rs may be connected to the pulse generating circuit 330 and the ground voltage, and the other end of the sampling resistor Rs may be connected to the cathode block 340 and the preprocessor 370. The preprocessor 370 may be coupled to the cathode module 340 and may be configured to preprocess (e.g., amplify, impedance transform, etc.) the synthesized pulse train signal output by the cathode module 340 to generate a preprocessed synthesized pulse train signal. Analog-to-digital converter 380 may be coupled to preprocessor 370 and may be configured to analog-to-digital convert the preprocessed signal to generate a digital composite pulse train signal and output the generated digital composite pulse train signal to controller 310.
The controller 310 may be further configured to receive the generated digital composite pulse train signal, calculate an output current pulse train signal of the cathode module 340 (i.e., an actual emission current of the cathode unit) according to the digital composite pulse train signal and the resistance value of the sampling resistor Rs, compare the output current pulse train signal with a reference current pulse train signal stored in the controller 340, and output the comparison result to the digital-to-analog converter 350. It should be noted that each pulse value output from the analog-to-digital converter 380 needs to be correlated with the number of pulse train signals to distinguish the pulse currents (emission currents) of different cathode units.
The controller may also include a communication interface. The communication interface may be configured to receive a parameter configuration (e.g., duty cycle, frequency, transmit current value, etc. of the digital current pulse train) and obtain a reference current pulse train signal according to the parameter configuration for comparison with the actual transmit current to adjust the output value of the digital-to-analog converter for purposes of stabilizing the transmit current. The controller includes, but is not limited to, a single-chip microcomputer, DSP, FPGA, CPLD, and any combination thereof.
The digital-to-analog converter 350 may be further configured to receive the comparison result, adjust the amplitude of the analog pulse train signal according to the comparison result, and output the adjusted analog pulse train signal to the first operational amplifier 360.
According to the distributed X-ray light source emission control device of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second pulse may be alternately output to the cathode units, thereby alternately generating the X-rays by the cathode units. In addition, by arranging a feedback circuit in the distributed X-ray light source emission control device, the adjustment of the digital pulse sequence signal from the controller can be realized, so that the adjustment of the consistency and the control of the stability of the X-rays emitted by the cathode unit are realized.
Some of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations are shown in the figures. It will be understood that some blocks of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, or combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the instructions, when executed by the processor, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart.
Thus, the techniques of this disclosure may be implemented in hardware and/or software (including firmware, microcode, etc.). Additionally, the techniques of this disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the computer program product being usable by or in connection with an instruction execution system (e.g., one or more processors). In the context of this disclosure, a computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the instructions. For example, a computer-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. Specific examples of a computer-readable medium include magnetic storage devices such as magnetic tape or hard disk (HDD), optical storage devices such as compact disk (CD-ROM), memory such as Random Access Memory (RAM) or flash memory, and/or wired/wireless communication links.
The foregoing detailed description has set forth numerous embodiments of the distributed X-ray source emission control devices via the use of schematics, flowcharts, and/or examples. Where such diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and/or operation of such diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of structures, hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, portions of the subject matter described in embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital Signal Processors (DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the software and/or firmware code therefor would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described in this disclosure are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an exemplary embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of signal bearing media include, but are not limited to, recordable media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, compact Discs (CDs), digital Versatile Discs (DVDs), digital magnetic tapes, computer memory, etc., and transmission media such as digital and/or analog communication media (e.g., fiber optic cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.).
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| US4361901A (en) * | 1980-11-18 | 1982-11-30 | General Electric Company | Multiple voltage x-ray switching system |
| JP4026976B2 (en) * | 1999-03-02 | 2007-12-26 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | X-ray generator, X-ray imaging apparatus, and X-ray inspection system |
| WO2008050283A2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2008-05-02 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Apparatus, imaging device and method for detecting x-ray radiation |
| US8810443B2 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2014-08-19 | Linear Technology Corporation | Analog-to-digital converter system and method |
| CN102781152B (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-09-17 | 合肥美亚光电技术股份有限公司 | Pulsed X-ray generation method and pulsed X-ray generation device |
| FR3066060B1 (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2020-03-27 | Stmicroelectronics (Rousset) Sas | CUT-OFF POWER CONTROL |
| CN107959416B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2020-04-14 | 苏州汇川联合动力系统有限公司 | Pulse train control type switching power supply and switching control method |
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