CN111357718A - A method for treating kitchen waste by using black soldier flies - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating kitchen waste by using hermetia illucens, which comprises the following steps: firstly, kitchen waste is pretreated, and the kitchen waste is filtered, sorted, crushed and stacked; secondly, inoculating larvae, namely flatly paving the pretreated kitchen waste in a waste treatment box, and then inoculating the larvae incubated by the hermetia illucens eggs into the kitchen waste; thirdly, separating feed worms, and collecting and separating the mature hermetia illucens larvae and feed residues after the breeding treatment is finished; according to the method for treating the kitchen waste by using the hermetia illucens, the consumption capacity of the kitchen waste is high, the treatment period of the kitchen waste is shortened, and the breeding of hermetia illucens larvae is facilitated, so that the hermetia illucens larvae can grow stably and quickly.

Description

A method for treating kitchen waste by using black soldier flies

technical field

The invention relates to a method for treating food waste by using black soldier flies, and belongs to the technical field of food waste treatment.

Background technique

Kitchen waste accounts for about 40-50% of the total urban waste. If it is stored for a long time, it will breed bacteria, mosquitoes and cockroaches, increase the odor in the kitchen, and affect the health of residents and the home environment. At present, the main treatment methods of urban kitchen waste are sanitary landfill and incineration, and a small part is treated by composting. Sanitary landfill has the largest processing capacity, relatively low operating cost, relatively simple process, and low investment. It is the final digestion method for residues generated by other treatment methods. However, this method has limited disposal sites, occupies a large area, and has a limited use period. Management High requirements, water and gas pollution cannot be completely solved; the incineration method has a high degree of reduction, the calorific value of garbage can be used, the ground has a high degree of harmlessness, occupies a small area, and has a large capacity reduction, which can reach 70~80%, but This method requires large investment, high operating costs, high water content in food waste, and low calorific value, which can easily lead to difficulty in incineration, extremely poor economy, difficult exhaust gas treatment, and easy formation of secondary pollution; the reduction and volume reduction of the composting method The effect is obvious, it has good adaptability to food waste with high water content, and is conducive to the harmlessness of waste, but its operation and management level is high, and the advanced equipment and process have a huge impact on the technical effect, and the utilization of resources and calorific value The rate is low and the processing speed is slow.

The biotransformation technology of black soldier flies uses black soldier flies as a resource insect. Through its own feeding behavior and digestion, the organic components in the kitchen waste are digested and decomposed in the body for their own growth and development. The food waste will be excreted from the larvae in the form of insect sand, and the food waste will be properly disposed of during this process. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize the black soldier flies to deal with kitchen waste is a very worthy research issue.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a method for treating kitchen waste by using black soldier flies, which has strong consumption capacity of kitchen waste, shortens the processing period of kitchen waste, and is beneficial to the cultivation of black soldier flies larvae, so that the Waterfly larvae are capable of stable and rapid growth.

The method for utilizing the black soldier flies to process the kitchen waste of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:

The first step, kitchen waste pretreatment, filtering, sorting, crushing and stacking the kitchen waste;

The second step is to inoculate larvae, spread the pretreated kitchen waste in the garbage disposal box, and then insert the hatched larvae of the black soldier fly eggs into the kitchen waste;

The third step, separation of feed and worms, collects and separates the mature black soldier fly larvae and feed residue after the breeding treatment is completed.

Further, the specific operation steps of the kitchen waste pretreatment of the first step are as follows:

1) Weighing. After the kitchen waste is transported into the site by a transport vehicle, it is weighed and recorded by an electronic truck scale, and then transported to the designated position in the receiving room, and the garbage in the vehicle is unloaded into the receiving hopper;

2) Filtration and sorting, first use the conveyor to transport the kitchen waste in the hopper to the three-phase separator, and preliminarily separate the grease, moisture and solid matter in the kitchen waste; then sort and remove the large diameter solid debris;

3) Pulverizing and stacking, firstly transport the decontaminated kitchen waste to the pulverizer for pulverization to obtain the kitchen waste slurry, and then put the crushed kitchen waste slurry into the covered storage tank, in the environment The temperature is 25~28℃ and it is naturally stacked for 3~6 days.

Still further, the particle diameter of the kitchen waste slurry is 0.4-0.7 cm.

Further, the inoculated larvae of described second step, its concrete operation steps are as follows:

1) Compounding of mixed breeding feed, the stacked kitchen waste is taken out and mixed with auxiliary materials in a ratio of 7:1~4:1 by weight to obtain a mixed breeding feed with a humidity of 70~76%RH ;

2) Inoculation, the mixed breeding feed is transported through the conveyor to the garbage disposal tray of each layer of the garbage disposal box of the garbage disposal box, and the 2-day-old black soldier fly larvae are inserted, and the black soldier fly larvae are used to eat the mixed breeding feed. Keep the ambient temperature at 25~28℃, the ambient air humidity at 60%~80%RH, and the irradiation conditions of 1000Lux iodine and tungsten light;

3) Regularly turn over and feed the material, conduct a regular turn over in the afternoon every day, and regularly add new mixed breeding feed to the garbage tray of the garbage disposal box.

Still further, the auxiliary material includes at least one of peanut bran, wheat bran, rice husk flour and corn flour.

As a preferred embodiment, in the inoculation process of the second step, the inoculation density of black soldier fly larvae is 4000-5000 heads/kg dry matter.

Further, the feed insects of the third step are separated, and its specific operation steps are as follows: when the black soldier flies larvae clean the mixed culture feed in the garbage disposal box, and grow to 5～8 days of age, the garbage disposal The black soldier fly larvae and slag in the box are sieved, and the sieved black soldier fly larvae are dried and made into feed for aquatic or poultry breeding, and the slag sifted out is used as fertilizer after being decomposed.

Further, in the separation of feed and insects in the third step, when the black soldier fly larvae and slag in the garbage disposal box are sieved, first add sawdust to the garbage disposal box and stir evenly, so that the black soldier fly in the garbage disposal box is evenly mixed. The humidity of the mixture of soldier fly larvae and slag is reduced to 30~40% RH, and then a vibrating screening device is used to separate the black soldier fly larvae and the slag.

Still further, the sieve aperture of the vibrating screening device is 5-8 mm.

As a preferred embodiment, in the inoculated larvae in the second step, the pretreated kitchen waste is laid flat in the garbage disposal box, and the laying thickness is 10-15 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention using black soldier flies to treat kitchen waste, the kitchen waste is stacked and processed and then used for the cultivation and digestion of black soldier flies, which is conducive to stabilizing the pH value of the kitchen waste and the temperature of the transformation material, so that the black soldier fly larvae can grow stably and rapidly when consuming food waste; the black soldier fly larvae at the peak of growth and development are selected as the larvae for food waste treatment, which have strong feeding ability and fast weight gain. , improves the consumption capacity of kitchen waste, shortens the treatment cycle of kitchen waste, and is conducive to the cultivation of larvae, making the black soldier fly larvae screened after the kitchen waste treatment large, and improving economic benefits; after inoculation with larvae, Turn the material once a day in the afternoon to ensure that the black soldier fly larvae can get sufficient oxygen supply, and make the black soldier fly larvae can consume food waste to the maximum extent, and improve the food waste consumption capacity of the black soldier fly larvae; When the black soldier fly larvae and slag in the garbage disposal box are sieved, first add sawdust to the garbage disposal box to stir, so that the humidity of the mixture of black soldier fly larvae and the slag in the garbage disposal box is reduced to 30~40%RH , which is beneficial to reduce the water content of the black soldier fly larvae and the slag, and facilitate the vibration separation of the black soldier fly larvae and the slag.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for treating kitchen waste by using black soldier flies according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Example 1:

As shown in Figure 1, the method of utilizing black soldier flies to process kitchen waste, the method comprises the following steps:

The first step, kitchen waste pretreatment, filtering, sorting, crushing and stacking the kitchen waste;

The specific operation steps are as follows:

1) Weighing. After the kitchen waste is transported into the site by a transport vehicle, it is weighed and recorded by an electronic truck scale, and then transported to the designated position in the receiving room, and the garbage in the vehicle is unloaded into the receiving hopper;

2) Filtration and sorting, first use the conveyor to transport the kitchen waste in the hopper to the three-phase separator, and preliminarily separate the grease, moisture and solid matter in the kitchen waste; then sort and remove the large diameter solid debris;

3) Pulverizing and stacking, firstly, the kitchen waste after impurity removal is transported to the pulverizer to be pulverized to obtain the kitchen waste slurry. The particle diameter of the kitchen waste slurry is 0.6cm, and then the crushed kitchen waste slurry is As for the material in the covered storage tank, it should be naturally stacked for 5 days at an ambient temperature of 28°C;

The second step is to inoculate larvae, spread the pretreated kitchen waste in the garbage disposal box, and then insert the hatched larvae of the black soldier fly eggs into the kitchen waste;

The specific operation steps are as follows:

1) For the compounding of mixed breeding feed, the stacked kitchen waste is taken out and mixed with auxiliary materials in a ratio of 6:1 by weight to obtain a mixed breeding feed with a humidity of 74% RH;

2) Inoculation, the mixed breeding feed is transported to the garbage disposal tray of each layer of the garbage disposal box through the conveyor. The mixed breeding feed is tiled with a thickness of 13cm, and the 2-day-old black soldier fly larvae are connected to the black water. The inoculation density of the horsefly larvae was 4300 heads/kg dry matter, and the black soldier flies larvae were used to eat mixed culture feed, and the ambient temperature was 26 °C, the ambient air humidity was 72% RH, and the iodine-tungsten light irradiation conditions of 1000Lux;

3) Regularly turning and feeding materials, regularly turning the material once every afternoon, and regularly adding new mixed breeding feed to the garbage tray of the garbage disposal box;

The third step, separation of feed worms, collecting and separating the black soldier fly mature larvae and feed residue after the cultivation treatment is completed;

The specific operation steps are as follows: when the black soldier fly larvae eat the mixed culture feed in the garbage disposal box and grow to 5 days of age, sieve the black soldier fly larvae and the slag in the garbage disposal box, and The sifted black soldier fly larvae are dried and made into feed for aquatic or poultry breeding, and the slag sifted out is used as fertilizer after being decomposed.

Wherein, the auxiliary materials include peanut bran and rice husk powder, and the weight ratio of peanut bran and rice husk powder is 1:1.

In the method for treating kitchen waste by using the black soldier flies, the kitchen waste is stacked and processed and then used for the cultivation and digestion of the black soldier flies, which is conducive to stabilizing the pH value of the kitchen waste and the temperature of the transformation material, and makes the black soldier flies The larvae can grow stably and rapidly when consuming food waste; the black soldier fly larvae at the peak of growth and development are selected as the larvae for food waste treatment, which have strong feeding ability and fast weight gain, which improves the consumption capacity of food waste. , shortens the processing cycle of kitchen waste, and is conducive to the cultivation of larvae, making the black soldier fly larvae screened out after the kitchen waste treatment is large, and improving economic benefits; To ensure that the black soldier fly larvae can get sufficient oxygen supply, and make the black soldier fly larvae can consume food waste to the maximum extent, and improve the food waste consumption capacity of the black soldier fly larvae.

Example 2:

The method for utilizing the black soldier flies to process the kitchen waste of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:

The first step, kitchen waste pretreatment, filtering, sorting, crushing and stacking the kitchen waste;

The specific operation steps are as follows:

1) Weighing. After the kitchen waste is transported into the site by a transport vehicle, it is weighed and recorded by an electronic truck scale, and then transported to the designated position in the receiving room, and the garbage in the vehicle is unloaded into the receiving hopper;

2) Filtration and sorting, first use the conveyor to transport the kitchen waste in the hopper to the three-phase separator, and preliminarily separate the grease, moisture and solid matter in the kitchen waste; then sort and remove the large diameter solid debris;

3) Pulverizing and stacking, firstly, the kitchen waste after impurity removal is transported to the pulverizer to be pulverized to obtain the kitchen waste slurry. The particle diameter of the kitchen waste slurry is 0.6cm, and then the crushed kitchen waste slurry is As for the material in the covered storage tank, it should be naturally stacked for 5 days at an ambient temperature of 28°C;

The second step is to inoculate larvae, spread the pretreated kitchen waste in the garbage disposal box, and then insert the hatched larvae of the black soldier fly eggs into the kitchen waste;

The specific operation steps are as follows:

1) For the compounding of mixed breeding feed, the stacked kitchen waste is taken out and mixed with auxiliary materials at a ratio of 5:1 by weight to obtain a mixed breeding feed with a humidity of 71% RH;

2) Inoculation, the mixed breeding feed is transported to the garbage disposal tray of each layer of the garbage disposal box through the conveyor. The mixed breeding feed is tiled with a thickness of 13cm, and the 2-day-old black soldier fly larvae are connected to the black water. The inoculation density of horsefly larvae is 4700 heads/kg dry matter, and the black soldier flies larvae are used to eat mixed culture feed, and the ambient temperature is 27 °C, the ambient air humidity is 76% RH, and the iodine-tungsten light irradiation conditions of 1000Lux;

3) Regularly turning and feeding materials, regularly turning the material once every afternoon, and regularly adding new mixed breeding feed to the garbage tray of the garbage disposal box;

The third step, separation of feed worms, collecting and separating the black soldier fly mature larvae and feed residue after the cultivation treatment is completed;

The specific operation steps are as follows: when the black soldier fly larvae eat the mixed breeding feed in the garbage disposal box and grow to 6 days of age, sieve the black soldier fly larvae and the slag in the garbage disposal box; Time-sharing, first add sawdust into the garbage disposal box and stir evenly, so that the humidity of the mixture of black soldier fly larvae and slag in the garbage disposal tank is reduced to 32% RH, and then use a vibrating screening device to separate the black soldier fly larvae and the slag. , The screen hole diameter of the vibrating screening device is 6mm; the screened black soldier fly larvae are dried and made into feed for aquatic products or poultry breeding, and the screened slag is used as fertilizer after being decomposed.

Wherein, the auxiliary materials include peanut bran and corn flour, and the weight ratio of peanut bran and corn flour is 1:0.8.

In the method for treating kitchen waste by using black soldier flies of the present invention, when the black soldier fly larvae and slag in the garbage disposal box are sieved, sawdust is first added to the garbage disposal box to stir, so that the black water in the garbage disposal box is stirred. The humidity of the mixture of horsefly larvae and slag is reduced to 30~40%RH, which is beneficial to reduce the moisture content of the black soldier fly larvae and the slag, and facilitate the vibration separation of the black soldier fly larvae and the slag.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, so all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the structures, features and principles described in the scope of the patent application of the present invention are included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a method utilizing black soldier flies to process kitchen waste, is characterized in that, described method may further comprise the steps: The first step, kitchen waste pretreatment, filtering, sorting, crushing and stacking the kitchen waste; The second step is to inoculate the larvae, spread the pretreated kitchen waste in the garbage disposal box, and then insert the hatched larvae of the black soldier fly eggs into the kitchen waste; The third step, separation of feed and worms, collects and separates the mature black soldier fly larvae and feed residue after the breeding treatment is completed. 2. the method for utilizing black soldier flies to process kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the kitchen waste pretreatment of described first step, its concrete operation steps are as follows: 1) Weighing. After the kitchen waste is transported into the site by a transport vehicle, it is weighed and recorded by an electronic truck scale, and then transported to the designated position in the receiving room, and the garbage in the vehicle is unloaded into the receiving hopper; 2) Filtration and sorting, first use the conveyor to transport the kitchen waste in the hopper to the three-phase separator, and preliminarily separate the grease, moisture and solid matter in the kitchen waste; then sort and remove the large diameter solid debris; 3) Pulverizing and stacking, firstly transport the decontaminated kitchen waste to the pulverizer for pulverization to obtain the kitchen waste slurry, and then put the crushed kitchen waste slurry into the covered storage tank, in the environment The temperature is 25~28℃ and it is naturally stacked for 3~6 days. 3 . The method for treating food waste by using black soldier flies according to claim 2 , wherein the particle diameter of the food waste slurry is 0.4 to 0.7 cm. 4 . 4. the method for utilizing black soldier flies to process kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the inoculated larva of described second step, its concrete operation steps are as follows: 1) Compounding of mixed breeding feed, the stacked kitchen waste is taken out and mixed with auxiliary materials in a ratio of 7:1~4:1 by weight to obtain a mixed breeding feed with a humidity of 70~76%RH ; 2) Inoculation, the mixed breeding feed is transported to the garbage disposal tray of each layer of the garbage disposal box through the conveyor, and the 2-day-old black soldier fly larvae are inserted, and the black soldier fly larvae are used to eat the mixed breeding feed. Keep the ambient temperature at 25~28℃, the ambient air humidity at 60%~80%RH, and the irradiation conditions of 1000Lux iodine and tungsten light; 3) Regularly turn over and feed the material, conduct a regular turn over in the afternoon every day, and regularly add new mixed breeding feed to the garbage tray of the garbage disposal box. 5 . The method for treating food waste by black soldier flies according to claim 4 , wherein the auxiliary material comprises at least one of peanut bran, wheat bran, rice husk flour and corn flour. 6 . 6. the method for utilizing black soldier flies to process food waste according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in the inoculation process of described second step, the inoculation density of black soldier flies larvae is 4000～5000 head/kg dry matter . 7. the method that utilizes black soldier flies to process kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the feed worm of described 3rd step is separated, and its concrete operation steps are as follows: The mixed breeding feed is clean, and when it grows to 5~8 days of age, the black soldier fly larvae and slag in the garbage disposal box are screened, and the screened black soldier fly larvae are dried and made into aquatic products Or feed for poultry breeding, the slag screened out is used as fertilizer after being decomposed. 8. the method that utilizes black soldier flies to process kitchen waste according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in the material worm separation of described 3rd step, the black soldier flies larvae and the slag in the garbage disposal box are sieved Time-sharing, first add sawdust to the garbage disposal box and stir evenly, so that the humidity of the mixture of black soldier fly larvae and slag in the garbage disposal tank is reduced to 30~40% RH, and then a vibrating screening device is used to separate the black soldier fly larvae and the slag. slag. 9 . The method for utilizing black soldier flies to process kitchen waste according to claim 8 , wherein the sieve aperture of the vibrating screening device is 5-8 mm. 10 . 10. The method for utilizing black soldier flies to process food waste according to claim 1, wherein, in the inoculated larvae of the second step, the pretreated food waste is laid flat in a garbage disposal box, and the The tile thickness is 10~15cm.

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