CN111334320B - Biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification device and method - Google Patents
Biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111334320B CN111334320B CN202010214070.2A CN202010214070A CN111334320B CN 111334320 B CN111334320 B CN 111334320B CN 202010214070 A CN202010214070 A CN 202010214070A CN 111334320 B CN111334320 B CN 111334320B
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/16—Features of high-temperature carbonising processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物质高温热解气化装置及方法。所述生物质高温热解气化装置设置有载体下落段、卧式搅拌段及载体落入通道及气体导出通道，实现了生物质与高温固体热载体的快速均匀混合，并且将卧式搅拌段产生的热解蒸汽与高温热载体进行接触，提高了焦油的裂解程度，并且在高温条件发生气化反应，较少了生物焦油的产率，提高了高热值燃气产率。
The invention discloses a biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification device and method. The biomass high temperature pyrolysis gasification device is provided with a carrier falling section, a horizontal stirring section, a carrier falling channel and a gas outlet channel, which realizes the rapid and uniform mixing of the biomass and the high temperature solid heat carrier, and the horizontal stirring section is The generated pyrolysis steam is contacted with the high temperature heat carrier, which improves the cracking degree of tar, and gasification reaction occurs under high temperature conditions, which reduces the yield of biological tar and improves the yield of high calorific value gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device and a method, which are mainly used for pyrolysis gasification treatment of biomass such as crop straws, trees, agricultural and forestry wastes and the like outside grains and fruits, and belong to the field of biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification treatment.
Background
Biomass has the properties of wide sources, low pollutant content, renewability and the like, and the biomass energy accounts for 14 percent of world primary energy consumption and is the fourth energy source following main fossil energy coal, petroleum and natural gas. Under the severe conditions of energy conservation and emission reduction caused by the current shortage of energy and the serious pollution caused by burning a large amount of fossil energy, the agricultural and forestry wastes are developed and utilized and converted into clean energy, and the method has important strategic significance in terms of environmental protection and energy source. 3 products of gas, bio-oil and biomass charcoal can be obtained by a biomass pyrolysis gasification technology, the high-grade gas can be used as industrial or civil fuel for direct combustion in production and life, and can also be used for power generation through an internal combustion engine or a gas turbine for combined heat and power supply, or further synthesized to produce liquid fuel and organic chemical products; the biological oil can be prepared into fuel oil, chemical raw materials and the like through further separation or extraction; the biomass charcoal can be used as an active carbon raw material or further gasified to generate a gas fuel, and the gas fuel can be used as a fluidized bed boiler fuel to produce steam heat energy, so that the efficient and clean utilization of the biomass energy is realized.
The current biomass pyrolysis heat supply modes comprise a gas heat carrier and a solid heat carrier. The gas heat carrier mainly takes hot flue gas or heating inert gas as a main part, and the reactor is represented by a fluidized bed reactor, so that the gas heat carrier has the advantages of simple structure and mature application. But lackThe point is that a large amount of non-combustible gas such as CO in flue gas2、N2Or other inert gases are introduced into the system, so that the load of a subsequent processing system is greatly increased, and the quality of the pyrolysis gas is reduced due to the introduction of the non-combustible gas to be mixed with the pyrolysis gas. The solid heat carrier is added into the biomass pyrolysis system by taking high-temperature solids as heat carriers, the biomass and the high-temperature solid heat carrier are rapidly and uniformly mixed, and the heat transfer efficiency is high. The combustible component content of the generated pyrolysis gas is high, which is beneficial to the subsequent utilization. However, the existing biomass solid heat carrier pyrolysis technology generally has the defects of low pyrolysis temperature, large amount of produced biological oil, difficulty in utilization due to the fact that pyroligneous liquor which is difficult to separate is produced in a condensation separation unit. The biomass has the characteristic of high volatile content, and is suitable for being efficiently utilized in a pyrolysis gasification mode. The temperature of the biomass is gradually increased in the pyrolysis process, firstly, a primary pyrolysis product comprises biological tar, a gaseous micromolecule product is generated, the biological tar is subjected to a cracking reaction along with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, and CO and CH are released4And other hydrocarbon gases, the tar yield is reduced, and the combustible gas yield is improved. The solid charcoal produced in the pyrolysis process has developed porosity and high specific surface area, the biological charcoal has high gasification reaction activity, and when the temperature reaches above 700 ℃, the biological charcoal and water vapor in pyrolysis gas can generate water gas reaction C + H2O＝CO+H2And the degree of water gas reaction deepens with the increase of the reaction temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device and a method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art;
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device comprises a carrier falling section and a horizontal stirring section, wherein the carrier falling section comprises a carrier falling section shell, a solid heat carrier inlet, a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet, a baffle, a carrier falling channel and a gas leading-out channel, the top end of the vertical cylindrical carrier falling section shell is provided with the solid heat carrier inlet, and a high-temperature heat carrier is added from the solid heat carrier inlet; a plurality of baffles which are alternately arranged at intervals in an inclined and alternate manner are arranged in the shell of the carrier falling section, and the baffles are provided with baffle air holes; a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet is arranged on the side surface of the top of the carrier falling section shell; the bottom end of the carrier falling section shell is provided with two fork-shaped openings which are respectively used as a carrier falling channel and a gas leading-out channel, and the bottom ends of the carrier falling channel and the gas leading-out channel are communicated with the top surface of the horizontal stirring section.
As a preferable embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the baffle and the horizontal direction is 15-30 degrees; the baffle is provided with 5-10 layers in the up-down direction of the carrier falling section, and the aperture of the air holes of the baffle is 0.3 mm-0.8 mm.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carrier dropping channel is coaxial with the carrier dropping section housing; the gas leading-out channel is inclined, and the axial included angle between the gas leading-out channel and the shell of the horizontal stirring section is 45-60 degrees. And heat insulation layers are arranged on the outer sides of the carrier falling section shell (12) and the horizontal stirring section shell (11).
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the horizontal stirring section comprises a biomass inlet, a variable frequency motor, a spiral, a scraper, a solid outlet and a horizontal stirring section shell; a biomass inlet is arranged on the top of the head end of a horizontally arranged cylindrical horizontal stirring section shell, and a solid outlet is arranged below the tail end; the section of the bottom of the horizontal stirring section shell is in a semi-circular arc shape, a spiral is rotatably arranged on the axis of the semi-circular arc shape, and one end of the spiral penetrates out of the horizontal stirring section shell and is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a variable frequency motor; a scraper is arranged between adjacent spiral blades on the spiral; two connectors are arranged on the shell of the horizontal stirring section beside the biomass inlet, wherein the connector close to the biomass inlet is connected with the bottom end of the carrier falling channel of the carrier falling section and is vertical to the horizontal stirring section; the other interface is correspondingly connected with the bottom end of the gas leading-out channel.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the scraper consists of a connecting rod and a scraping head, two ends of the connecting rod are respectively welded with the scraping head and a spiral shaft, and the scraping head forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two sets of the screws are horizontally arranged in parallel, and each set of the screws is driven by one variable frequency motor or one variable frequency motor through a transmission mechanism.
The invention further provides a method for implementing biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification by adopting the biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the high-temperature solid heat carrier is added from a solid heat carrier inlet of the carrier falling section, and then zigzagged and falls down through a plurality of baffles, and enters the horizontal stirring section through a carrier falling channel at the lower end of the carrier falling section;
(2) the biomass raw material is added into a horizontal stirring section from a biomass inlet, is conveyed and stirred by a screw and a scraper driven by a variable frequency motor, and is mixed and contacted with a high-temperature solid heat carrier which falls into the horizontal stirring section through a carrier falling channel, so that the biomass raw material is subjected to pyrolysis gasification reaction;
(3) high-temperature steam generated by pyrolysis gasification reaction of biomass raw materials in the horizontal stirring section flows upwards through the gas guide channel to enter the carrier falling section, contacts with a descending high-temperature heat carrier in the carrier falling section to generate secondary cracking and polycondensation reaction, and is discharged from a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet at the top of the carrier falling section;
(4) and discharging a mixture of the biochar and the solid heat carrier generated by pyrolysis of the biomass raw material in the horizontal stirring section from a solid outlet at the tail end of the horizontal stirring section.
In the step (1), the biomass raw material comprises crop straws, sawdust and agricultural and forestry waste, and has a particle size range<10mm, having a density of 500kg/m3～600kg/m3(ii) a The solid heat carrier comprises ceramic balls, quartz sand and dolomite, and the particle size range is 1-2 mm.
In the step (2), the temperature of the high-temperature heat carrier at the inlet of the solid heat carrier is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃, the high-temperature heat carrier enters a carrier falling section (P1) to be controlled to be 800-900 ℃ (the temperature value of the heat carrier at the carrier falling section), and the retention time of the biomass in a horizontal stirring section (P2) is controlled to be 10-30 min;
in the step (3), the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction in the horizontal stirring section is 500-600 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) the biomass is uniformly heated in the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis tar is cracked and gasified to a great extent, and the yield of the biomass high-calorific-value gas is improved;
(2) the effective control of the pyrolysis and gasification process of the biomass solid heat carrier is realized, and the flexible regulation and control of the pyrolysis process can be realized by the residence time, the pyrolysis and gasification temperature and the like;
(3) the problem of uneven mixing of the biomass and the heat carrier caused by density difference of the biomass and the solid heat carrier in the traditional biomass solid heat carrier pyrolysis is solved;
(4) the coking phenomenon in the pyrolysis process of the conventional biomass pyrolysis technology is solved, and the device can run for a long period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the baffle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the squeegee of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a left side view of fig. 4.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a biomass inlet; 2. a solid heat carrier inlet; 3. a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet; 4. a baffle plate; 41. air holes of the baffle plate; 5. the carrier falls into the channel; 6. a gas lead-out channel; 7. a variable frequency motor; 8. spiraling; 9. a squeegee; 91. scraping the head; 92. a connecting rod; 10. a solids outlet; 11. a horizontal stirring section shell; 12. a carrier drop section housing; p1, carrier drop section; p2, horizontal stirring section.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device comprises a carrier falling section P1 and a horizontal stirring section P2, wherein the carrier falling section P1 comprises a carrier falling section shell 12, a solid heat carrier inlet 2, a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet 3, a baffle 4, a carrier falling channel 5 and a gas outlet channel 6, a middle solid heat carrier inlet 2 is arranged at the top end of the vertical cylindrical carrier falling section shell 12, and a high-temperature heat carrier is added from the middle solid heat carrier inlet 2; a plurality of baffles 4 which are alternately arranged at intervals in an inclined and alternate mode are arranged in the shell 12 of the carrier falling section, the included angle between the baffles 4 and the horizontal direction is 15-30 degrees, 5-10 layers of the baffles 4 are arranged in the up-down direction of the carrier falling section P1, the baffles 4 are provided with baffle air holes 41, and the aperture is 0.3-0.8 mm. A high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet 3 is arranged on the top side surface of the carrier falling section shell 12, and high-temperature pyrolysis steam is led out. Two branch ports are provided at the bottom end of the carrier drop section casing 12 as a carrier drop passage 5 and a gas discharge passage 6, respectively.
The carrier falling channel 5 and the carrier falling section shell 12 are coaxial; the gas leading-out channel 6 is inclined, and an axial included angle a between the gas leading-out channel and the horizontal stirring section shell 11 of the horizontal stirring section P2 is 45-60 degrees.
The horizontal stirring section P2 comprises a biomass inlet 1, a variable frequency motor 7, a spiral 8, a scraper 9, a solid outlet 10 and a horizontal stirring section shell 11, wherein the biomass inlet 1 is arranged on the upper surface of the head end of the horizontally arranged cylindrical horizontal stirring section shell 11, and the solid outlet 10 is arranged below the tail end; the section of the bottom of the horizontal stirring section shell 11 is an omega-shaped bottom formed by two arcs corresponding to the spiral 8, the rotating directions of the two spirals 8 are consistent, the spiral 8 is rotatably installed on the axis of the semi-arc, and one end of the spiral 8 penetrates through the horizontal stirring section shell 11 and is in transmission connection with the output shaft of the variable frequency motor 7; a scraper 9 is arranged between adjacent helical blades on the helix 8. Two connectors are arranged on the horizontal stirring section shell 11 beside the biomass inlet 1, wherein the connector close to the biomass inlet 1 is connected with the bottom end of the carrier falling channel 5 of P1 and is vertical to the horizontal stirring section P2; the other interface is correspondingly connected with the bottom end of the gas leading-out channel 6.
The scraper 9 consists of a connecting rod 92 and a scraping head 91, two ends of the connecting rod 92 are respectively welded with the scraping head 91 and the shaft of the spiral 8, and the scraping head 91 (or the upper part of the scraping head 91) forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction (the length direction of the connecting rod 92).
The outer sides of the shell carrier falling section shell 12 and the horizontal stirring section shell 11 of the whole device are provided with heat insulation layers (not shown) for heat insulation, and the heat insulation materials are rock wool or glass wool materials generally.
The working process of the biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification method, namely the device, comprises the following steps:
1. the high-temperature solid heat carrier is added from a solid heat carrier inlet 2 of the carrier falling section P1, and then zigzagged and falls down through a plurality of baffles 4, and enters the horizontal stirring section P2 through a carrier falling channel 5 at the lower end of the carrier falling section P1;
2. the biomass raw material is added into a horizontal stirring section P2 from a biomass inlet 1, conveyed and stirred by a screw 8 and a scraper 9 driven by a variable frequency motor 7, and mixed and contacted with a high-temperature solid heat carrier which falls into a horizontal stirring section P2 through a carrier falling channel 5, so that the biomass raw material is subjected to pyrolysis gasification reaction;
3. high-temperature steam generated by pyrolysis gasification reaction of biomass raw materials in the horizontal stirring section P2 ascends through the gas guide channel 6 to enter the carrier falling section P1, contacts with a descending high-temperature heat carrier in the carrier falling section P1 to generate secondary cracking and polycondensation reaction, and is discharged from the high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet 3 at the top of the carrier falling section P1;
4. the mixture of the biochar and the solid heat carrier generated by the pyrolysis of the biomass raw material in the horizontal stirring section P2 is discharged from a solid outlet 10 at the tail end of the horizontal stirring section P2. The specific process is as follows:
(1) biomass raw materials are added into a horizontal stirring section P2 from a biomass inlet 1 and are conveyed and stirred by a screw 8 and a scraper 9 which are driven by a variable frequency motor 7;
(2) the high-temperature solid heat carrier is added into the falling section from the solid heat carrier inlet 2, enters the horizontal stirring section P2 through the carrier falling channel 5 after passing through the baffle 4, is mixed and contacted with the biomass through the conveying and stirring of the spiral 8 and the scraper 9, and is conveyed to the tail end of the horizontal stirring section P2. The residence time of the biomass in the horizontal stirring section P2 is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the variable frequency motor 7 (the residence time is controlled to be 10 min-30 min). The baffle 4 is used for prolonging the contact path and the contact opportunity of the descending solid heat carrier and the ascending pyrolysis gas and improving the heat conduction efficiency.
(3) The biomass is dehydrated and pyrolyzed along with the contact of the biomass and the high-temperature heat carrier, the generated high-temperature steam enters a carrier falling section P1 through the gas outlet channel 6 and contacts the high-temperature heat carrier to generate secondary cracking and polycondensation reaction; the generated high-temperature pyrolysis steam is led out from a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet 3;
(4) the mixture of the biochar and the solid heat carrier generated by the pyrolysis of the biomass in the horizontal stirring section P2 is discharged from the solid outlet 10.
The biomass suitable for pyrolysis gasification in the invention comprises agricultural straws, wood chips, agricultural and forestry wastes and the like except grains and fruits, and the particle size range is less than 10 mm.
The temperature of the heat carrier at the solid heat carrier inlet 2 is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃; the temperature of the carrier entering the falling section P1 is controlled between 800 ℃ and 900 ℃. The reaction temperature of pyrolysis in the horizontal stirring section P2 is 500-600 ℃.
The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device is provided with the carrier falling section, the horizontal stirring section, the carrier falling channel and the gas leading-out channel, so that biomass and a high-temperature solid heat carrier are quickly and uniformly mixed, pyrolysis steam generated by the horizontal stirring section is contacted with the high-temperature heat carrier, the cracking degree of tar is improved, gasification reaction is performed under a high-temperature condition, the yield of the biological tar is reduced, and the yield of high-heat-value gas is improved. The invention effectively solves the technical difficulties faced by the conventional biomass pyrolysis device and has strong innovation and advancement.
The following is a specific embodiment of the method for high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification of biomass, which takes wood chips as raw materials, and has the following specific industrial analysis:
by adopting the pyrolysis gasification process described above,the wood chips are crushed to a particle size range<10 mm; in the step (2), the temperature of the high-temperature heat carrier at the solid heat carrier inlet 2 is controlled at 1000 ℃, and the retention time of the biomass in the horizontal stirring section P2 is controlled to be 15 min. In the step (3), the pyrolysis reaction temperature is 500 ℃ in the horizontal stirring section P2, and the temperature of the carrier falling section P1 is controlled to be 850 ℃. Taking the wood chip receiving base as a reference, and counting the yield of the biochar after the solid heat carrier is separated from the biochar: 18 wt%, and performing condensation and separation on high-temperature pyrolysis steam to obtain: the yield of the bio-oil is 6 wt%, the yield of the pyrolysis gas is 60 wt%, and the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas is 19.87MJ/Nm3。
Claims (11)
1. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device is characterized by comprising a carrier falling section (P1) and a horizontal stirring section (P2), wherein the carrier falling section (P1) comprises a carrier falling section shell (12), a solid heat carrier inlet (2), a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet (3), a baffle (4), a carrier falling channel (5) and a gas leading-out channel (6), the top end of the vertical cylindrical carrier falling section shell (12) is provided with the solid heat carrier inlet (2), and a high-temperature heat carrier is added; a plurality of baffles (4) which are alternately arranged at intervals in an inclined and alternate manner are arranged in the carrier falling section shell (12), and baffle air holes (41) are formed in the baffles (4); a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet (3) is arranged on the side surface of the top of the carrier falling section shell (12); two branch openings are arranged at the bottom end of the carrier falling section shell (12) and are respectively used as a carrier falling channel (5) and a gas leading-out channel (6), and the bottom ends of the carrier falling channel (5) and the gas leading-out channel (6) are communicated with the top surface of the horizontal stirring section (P2).
2. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the included angle between the baffle plate (4) and the horizontal direction is 15-30 degrees; the baffle (4) is provided with 5-10 layers in the up-down direction of the carrier falling section (P1); the aperture of the air holes (41) of the baffle is 0.3 mm-0.8 mm.
3. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier falling channel (5) is coaxial with the carrier falling section shell (12); the gas leading-out channel (6) is inclined, and the axial included angle between the gas leading-out channel and the horizontal stirring section shell (11) of the horizontal stirring section (P2) is 45-60 degrees.
4. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal stirring section (P2) comprises a biomass inlet (1), a variable frequency motor (7), a spiral (8), a scraper (9), a solid outlet (10) and a horizontal stirring section shell (11); a biomass inlet (1) is arranged on the top of the head end of a horizontally arranged cylindrical horizontal stirring section shell (11), and a solid outlet (10) is arranged below the tail end; the section of the bottom of the horizontal stirring section shell (11) is in a semi-circular arc shape, a spiral (8) is rotatably installed on the axis of the semi-circular arc shape, and one end of the spiral (8) penetrates out of the horizontal stirring section shell (11) and is in transmission connection with an output shaft of a variable frequency motor (7); a scraper (9) is arranged between adjacent helical blades on the helix (8); two interfaces are arranged on the horizontal stirring section shell (11) beside the biomass inlet (1), wherein the interface close to the biomass inlet (1) is connected with the bottom end of the carrier falling channel (5) of the carrier falling section (P1) and is vertical to the horizontal stirring section (P2); the other interface is correspondingly connected with the bottom end of the gas outlet channel (6).
5. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 4, wherein the scraper (9) comprises a connecting rod (92) and a scraping head (91), two ends of the connecting rod (92) are respectively welded with the scraping head (91) and the shaft of the spiral (8), and the scraping head (91) forms an included angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction.
6. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 4, wherein two sets of the screws (8) are arranged in parallel horizontally, and are driven by one variable frequency motor (7) or one variable frequency motor (7) through a transmission mechanism.
7. The biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 4, wherein the outer sides of the carrier falling section shell (12) and the horizontal stirring section shell (11) are provided with heat insulation layers.
8. A method for high-temperature pyrolysis gasification of biomass by using the biomass high-temperature pyrolysis gasification device of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that (I) a high-temperature solid heat carrier is added from a solid heat carrier inlet (2) of a carrier falling section (P1), and then the high-temperature solid heat carrier passes through a plurality of baffles (4) and then falls in a zigzag mode, and then enters a horizontal stirring section (P2) through a carrier falling channel (5) at the lower end of the carrier falling section (P1);
(II) adding a biomass raw material into a horizontal stirring section (P2) from a biomass inlet (1), conveying and stirring the biomass raw material by a screw (8) and a scraper (9) driven by a variable frequency motor (7), and mixing and contacting the biomass raw material with a high-temperature solid heat carrier which falls into the horizontal stirring section (P2) through a carrier falling channel (5) to ensure that the biomass raw material is subjected to pyrolysis gasification reaction;
(III) high-temperature steam generated by pyrolysis gasification reaction of the biomass raw material in the horizontal stirring section (P2) ascends through the gas guide channel (6) and enters the carrier falling section (P1) to contact with a descending high-temperature heat carrier in the carrier falling section (P1) to generate secondary cracking and polycondensation reaction, and the generated high-temperature pyrolysis steam is discharged from a high-temperature pyrolysis steam outlet (3) at the top of the carrier falling section (P1);
(IV) discharging a mixture of the biochar and the solid heat carrier generated by pyrolysis of the biomass raw material in the horizontal stirring section (P2) from a solid outlet (10) at the tail end of the horizontal stirring section (P2).
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step (I), the biomass feedstock comprises agricultural and forestry waste in a particle size range<10mm, having a density of 500kg/m3～600kg/m3(ii) a The solid heat carrier comprises ceramic balls, quartz sand and dolomite, and the particle size range is 1-2 mm.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the agricultural and forestry waste comprises crop straw or wood chips.
11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that in the step (II), the temperature of the high-temperature heat carrier at the solid heat carrier inlet (2) is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃, the high-temperature heat carrier enters the carrier falling section (P1) to be controlled to be 800-900 ℃, and the retention time of the biomass in the horizontal stirring section (P2) is controlled to be 10-30 min; in the step (III), the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction in the horizontal stirring section (P2) is 500-600 ℃.
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| CN101818080A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-09-01 | 武汉凯迪科技发展研究院有限公司 | Process and system for manufacturing synthesis gas from biomass by pyrolysis |
| CN103374377A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Carbonaceous material pyrolysis device, pyrolysis system comprising pyrolysis device, and method for pyrolyzing carbonaceous material |
| CN106010616A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-12 | 山东理工大学 | Device for directly heating ceramic ball heat carrier for biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction |
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| CN101818080A (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2010-09-01 | 武汉凯迪科技发展研究院有限公司 | Process and system for manufacturing synthesis gas from biomass by pyrolysis |
| CN103374377A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Carbonaceous material pyrolysis device, pyrolysis system comprising pyrolysis device, and method for pyrolyzing carbonaceous material |
| CN106010616A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-10-12 | 山东理工大学 | Device for directly heating ceramic ball heat carrier for biomass pyrolysis and liquefaction |
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