CN111322635B - A low oxygen combustion cracking furnace and control method thereof - Google Patents
A low oxygen combustion cracking furnace and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111322635B CN111322635B CN201811525234.2A CN201811525234A CN111322635B CN 111322635 B CN111322635 B CN 111322635B CN 201811525234 A CN201811525234 A CN 201811525234A CN 111322635 B CN111322635 B CN 111322635B
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- damper
- side wall
- burner
- cracking furnace
- air door
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/005—Regulating air supply or draught using electrical or electromechanical means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/20—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert heated gases or vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
- F23N2900/05003—Measuring NOx content in flue gas
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-oxygen combustion cracking furnace and a control method thereof. The side wall burner side of the cracking furnace is provided with an air door adjusting mechanism, and the air inlet quantity of the air door can be adjusted in an equal proportion by adjusting the opening degree of an air door adjusting valve. The control method is that the air door adjusting mechanism is used, the synchronous adjustment of the air doors is matched and implemented according to the ignition condition of the burner through the grouping linkage of the air doors on the side wall, and the problem of overhigh oxygen content can be effectively reduced in time. The control method can reduce the oxygen content of the cracking furnace by 2-3% under special working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ethylene industry, and particularly relates to a cracking furnace in a steam cracking process and a control method thereof.
Background
At present, large ethylene enterprises exceed the megaton level, and a plurality of domestic enterprises synchronously advance the development of ethylene industry, so that not only is the traditional petroleum cracking, including the ethylene preparation by the emerging ethane cracking, but also a large number of cracking furnaces are required to be matched for implementation. Different types of cracking furnaces are configured for producing ethylene by the steam cracking process, and the cracking furnaces of more patent providers currently adopt a design of combining bottom and side wall heat supply, and the scale of a single cracking furnace gradually develops to 20 ten thousand tons and 30 ten thousand tons. All cracking furnaces are involved with four special stages of ignition and heating, hot standby, burning, cooling and furnace shutdown, wherein the four stages are usually high in oxygen content and are not regulated. The GB 31571-2015 standard executed on 7.1.2017 is used for carrying out conversion and assessment of 3% standard oxygen content on the smoke emission concentration, and the cracking furnace does not adjust the air door of the side wall burner during four working conditions, so that the NOx conversion is easily out of standard while the high oxygen content is caused.
At present, the emission of NOx of an industrial furnace in the national environmental protection standard needs to be reduced to 3% of standard oxygen content for examination. Through a large number of industrial tests, the oxygen content in the flue gas has positive promotion effect on the generation of NOx, and the excessive oxygen content is beneficial to the generation of NOx, so that the traditional burning method which does not control the oxygen content originally cannot guarantee a strict environment-friendly index. The lateral wall burner of the cracking furnace is more, the air door is basically adjusted by manpower in the daily operation process, the labor intensity is quite high, the air door cannot be uniformly adjusted, after the low-nitrogen combustion of the cracking furnace is reformed, the conversion value of NOx is closely related to the oxygen content, the higher oxygen content can cause the conversion of NOx of the cracking furnace to exceed the standard, and particularly, the oxygen content of the cracking furnace is quite high in the ignition and temperature rise processes of the cracking furnace and under the working conditions of combustion Jiao Rebei and the like, so that the conversion of NOx is caused to exceed the standard.
In summary, the process for producing ethylene by steam cracking has a cracking furnace, and at present, more than 80% of the cracking furnaces at home and abroad are used as a mode of combined heat supply of the bottom and the side wall, and meanwhile, due to the improvement of environmental protection pressure, an adjusting mechanism and a method for the oxygen content of the side wall burner are urgently needed to realize low oxygen control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the problems, provides a low-oxygen combustion cracking furnace and a control method thereof, and solves the technical problem that the cracking furnace has high oxygen content under special working conditions.
The invention provides a low-oxygen combustion cracking furnace which comprises a cracking furnace body, a bottom combustor, a side wall combustor, a lower mixed superheater, a high-pressure steam superheater II, a high-pressure steam superheater I, an upper mixed superheater, a boiler water supply preheater, a raw material preheater, a fan and a control system.
After the opening of the air door regulating valve is set through the control system, the corresponding air door regulating valve connecting rod enables the connecting rod main shaft to rotate, the connecting rod main shaft rotates through rotating the air door regulating handle connecting rod to realize rotation of the air door regulating handle, and the rotation of the air door regulating handle enables air door blades of the side wall combustor to rotate.
Further, the cracking furnace is provided with one or more side wall burners, the throttle regulating valves on one side of the side wall burners are connected in series through a connecting rod spindle, and the unified action of all throttle can be achieved by adjusting the opening degree of the throttle regulating valve.
Preferably, a damper adjustment mechanism is applied, and every 5% opening of the damper adjustment valve is increased, the damper is increased by 1 grid of air inlet.
The invention also provides a control method of the low-oxygen combustion cracking furnace, which comprises the following steps:
s1, ignition and heating and hot standby processes:
s11, before ignition and temperature rise of the cracking furnace, closing all air doors of the side wall burner through a controller;
S12, igniting a bottom burner to heat the cracking furnace, and controlling heat supply by using the bottom burner;
S13, when the material is ready to be fed into the cracking furnace, igniting the side wall burner, and observing that the highest value of the test value of the furnace cavity NOx is not more than 90mg/Nm 3 along with the addition of the material;
S14, carrying out linkage adjustment control on the air door in time according to a NOx test value, wherein the specific control scheme is that an air door adjusting mechanism is used, accurate gear spacing is matched, and each time the air door adjusting valve is increased by 5%, the air door is increased by 1 grid of air inlet;
When the test value of NOx is higher than 90mg/Nm 3, firstly closing the bottom combustor air door regulating mechanism, assisting in introducing steam for reducing the content of NOx, reducing the oxygen content and reducing the conversion value, so that the NOx is stabilized below 90mg/Nm 3;
When the test value of NOx is lower than 80mg/Nm 3, gradually opening the air door adjusting mechanism of the bottom burner, and gradually opening the air door adjusting mechanism of the side wall burner along with the temperature rise;
When the temperature is stabilized above 800 ℃, the opening degree of the air door of the side wall burner is kept as follows, wherein the opening degree of the top two rows is kept at 100%, and the opening degree of the bottom two rows is kept at 50-60%;
s2, burning, and stopping the furnace for cooling:
s21, gradually extinguishing the side wall burner along with the exit of the raw materials, wherein the air door of the side wall burner needs to be synchronously closed to 50 percent of opening;
s22, keeping a side wall burner air door closed during the burning period of the cracking furnace;
s23, closing all the side wall burner air doors in the cooling process after the burning is finished, and gradually opening the air doors to a full-open state after flameout.
The key protection point of the invention is that the side surface of the side wall burner is provided with the air door adjusting mechanism, so that linkage adjustment of the air door is realized, each time the air door adjusting valve is increased by 5%, the air door is increased by 1 grid of air inlet, and the stability of the air inlet is ensured. If the opening degree is large, the air intake quantity is small, the combustion is insufficient, and if the opening degree is small, the air intake quantity is large, and the oxygen content is excessive.
The low-oxygen combustion cracking furnace and the control method thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages:
(1) The side wall air door adjusting mechanism is arranged on the side face of the side wall burner to realize linkage adjustment of the side wall air door groups, and the method for adjusting the side wall air door in the four processes of burning, hot standby, ignition, heating, cooling and furnace shutdown in the original operation is thoroughly subverted by matching and implementing synchronous integral adjustment of the air door according to the ignition condition of the burner.
(2) The air inlet proportion of the side wall is controlled by a special mode of adjusting the oxygen content, homogenization is achieved, and the problem that the oxygen content is too high due to incapability of timely and effectively adjusting in the past can be solved. The oxygen content can be reduced by 2-3% under special working conditions by adjusting the method.
(3) The invention can also be used for controlling the air door of the daily burner, and the uniformity of the air inlet of each group of burners is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis furnace with low oxygen combustion.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a damper adjustment mechanism.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the damper adjustment mechanism to the plurality of sidewall burners.
In the figure, a cracking furnace body 1, a bottom burner 2, a side wall burner 3, a lower mixing superheater 4, a high-pressure steam superheater (II) 5, a high-pressure steam superheater (I) 7, an upper mixing superheater 8, a boiler feed water preheater 9, a raw material preheater 10, a fan 11, a throttle adjusting mechanism 12, a throttle adjusting valve 13, a throttle adjusting valve connecting rod 14, a connecting rod main shaft 15, a throttle adjusting handle connecting rod 16, a throttle adjusting handle 17 and a throttle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that several modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept. These are all within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The cracking furnace used in the embodiment is a cracking furnace provided with an air door adjusting valve on a side wall burner, and naphtha is used as a raw material, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, ignition and heating and hot standby processes:
s11, before ignition and temperature rise of the cracking furnace, closing all air doors of the side wall burner through a controller;
S12, igniting a bottom burner to heat the cracking furnace, and controlling heat supply by using the bottom burner;
S13, when the material is ready to be fed into the cracking furnace, igniting the side wall burner, and observing that the highest value of the test value of the furnace cavity NOx is not more than 90mg/Nm 3 along with the addition of the material;
S14, carrying out linkage adjustment control on the air door in time according to a NOx test value, wherein the specific control scheme is that an air door adjusting mechanism is used, accurate gear spacing is matched, and each time the air door adjusting valve is increased by 5%, the air door is increased by 1 grid of air inlet;
When the test value of NOx is higher than 90mg/Nm 3, firstly closing the bottom combustor air door regulating mechanism, assisting in introducing steam for reducing the content of NOx, reducing the oxygen content and reducing the conversion value, so that the NOx is stabilized below 90mg/Nm 3;
When the test value of NOx is lower than 80mg/Nm 3, gradually opening the air door adjusting mechanism of the bottom burner, and gradually opening the air door adjusting mechanism of the side wall burner along with the temperature rise;
When the temperature is stabilized above 800 ℃, the opening degree of the air door of the side wall burner is kept as follows, wherein the opening degree of the top two rows is kept at 100%, and the opening degree of the bottom two rows is kept at 50-60%;
s2, burning, and stopping the furnace for cooling:
s21, gradually extinguishing the side wall burner along with the exit of the raw materials, wherein the air door of the side wall burner needs to be synchronously closed to 50 percent of opening;
s22, keeping a side wall burner air door closed during the burning period of the cracking furnace;
s23, closing all the side wall burner air doors in the cooling process after the burning is finished, and gradually opening the air doors to a full-open state after flameout.
Comparative example 1
The same procedure as in comparative example 1 was followed except that no damper adjustment mechanism was used for adjustment.
Comparison of results:
In comparative example 1, under the condition that a throttle adjusting mechanism is not used, when the ignition temperature of the cracking furnace rises to 250 ℃, NOx can be instantly and rapidly increased to more than 100mg/Nm 3 from 20mg/Nm 3, and the process mainly comprises that the NOx generated after oxygen-enriched combustion is rapidly increased, and the oxygen content can reach more than 16%. Whereas example 1 used a damper adjustment mechanism and intervening in time on the damper, the oxygen level was reduced to below 14% and the NOx was reduced to about 10mg.
In the feeding stage, the air door adjusting mechanism is not used in the comparative example 1, and the air door is opened even though the side wall burner is not at the original point, so that the oxygen content is high and basically maintained at about 12%, but in the embodiment 1, after the air door is operated according to the regulated program S14 through the adjusting mechanism, the oxygen content can be reduced to be within 10%, meanwhile, the fan baffle is further optimized to ensure that the oxygen content is stable, and the process can reduce NOx from 150mg/Nm 3 (comparative example 1) to 110mg/Nm 3.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811525234.2A CN111322635B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | A low oxygen combustion cracking furnace and control method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811525234.2A CN111322635B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | A low oxygen combustion cracking furnace and control method thereof |
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| CN111322635A CN111322635A (en) | 2020-06-23 |
| CN111322635B true CN111322635B (en) | 2025-06-27 |
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| CN111678169A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-09-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 | An ignition device for improving the service cycle of oil-fired boilers |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106631659A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Steam cracking method |
| CN107477570A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-15 | 中航世新燃气轮机股份有限公司沈阳分公司 | The ultralow discharged nitrous oxides process of ethane cracking furnace combustion system |
| CN209622846U (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-11-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of pyrolysis furnace of low oxygen combustion |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2850392B1 (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2007-03-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | PROCESS FOR THERMALLY TREATING HYDROCARBON FILLERS WITH OVEN EQUIPPED WITH RADIANT BURNERS |
| CN101936529B (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-05-23 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Sidewall gas burner capable of reducing emission of nitrogen oxides |
| US8703064B2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2014-04-22 | Wpt Llc | Hydrocabon cracking furnace with steam addition to lower mono-nitrogen oxide emissions |
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- 2018-12-13 CN CN201811525234.2A patent/CN111322635B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106631659A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Steam cracking method |
| CN107477570A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-12-15 | 中航世新燃气轮机股份有限公司沈阳分公司 | The ultralow discharged nitrous oxides process of ethane cracking furnace combustion system |
| CN209622846U (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-11-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of pyrolysis furnace of low oxygen combustion |
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