CN111303698B - 疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用 - Google Patents
疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用。螺旋桨遭受腐蚀时推进性能大大受损。本发明将疏水性材料涂抹在螺旋桨表面。本发明在疏水性材料的科学配合下可以极大提升涂层的耐腐蚀性，使得螺旋桨表面有优异的化学品腐蚀和电化学腐蚀性能，在海洋深处能够抗酸、盐和绝大多数有机物的腐蚀，能适应水下多种多样恶劣气，一定程度上减小螺旋桨与水流之间的粘性阻力，降低能量损失，提高螺旋桨的推进效率；适用于各种海洋环境，可以有效减小螺旋桨在水中的粘性阻力，从而增加螺旋桨的流动效率；此外，有效减少深水处多种生物在螺旋桨表面附着的可能性，降低了螺旋桨维护的成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及螺旋桨表面涂料技术领域，尤其涉及疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用。
背景技术
船舶螺旋桨在使用过程中，影响船舶的速度主要有两个方面因素：船舶的阻力性能和螺旋桨的推进性能；若水下螺旋桨遭受海水的腐蚀、多相流腐蚀等复杂严重的腐蚀，则螺旋桨的推进性能大大受损。而目前船舶螺旋桨所用材料主要采用金属材料制备，船舶在运行到海洋中停泊时，在螺旋桨表面会附着各种动植物性海洋生物，产生海生物的污损，特别是硬壳类海生物，极大可能会增加船舶的航行阻力和燃油消耗，降低了航速，降低螺旋桨的输出效率，加速螺旋桨的腐蚀，增加了船舶的维修费用，降低出航率。
另外，水下流体阻力在很多情况下构成了能量损耗的重要部分。流体阻力也因此成为决定系统性能的重要参数，特别是在动力输出限制成为提升系统性能的瓶颈时，流体阻力的影响变得更加重要。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的问题，采用合理科学的表面工程技术对船舶螺旋桨表面进行处理，成为提高螺旋桨性能的技术关键。本发明提供疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用，所涂抹疏水性材料要求是一种无污染、可回收、环保涂料，是使静态水与表面的接触角大于90度甚至150度的一类低表面涂料。本发明螺旋桨表面能够防污染、防腐蚀以及抗氧化，疏水性材料涂刷性能和成膜性更是促使其广泛的应用。由于该疏水性材料涂抹于螺旋桨叶片表面，故疏水性材料要求具有良好的工艺性能，比如有良好柔韧性、耐磨性以及固化后硬度大，有较高的附着力。
本发明疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用，将疏水性材料涂抹在螺旋桨表面。
进一步，疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用，用于减小螺旋桨表面与水流的粘性阻力和降低螺旋桨表面与水发生电化学反应产生腐蚀。
进一步，疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用，用于提高螺旋桨的耐磨性。
进一步，所述疏水性材料的制备过程如下：将75g丙基三甲氧基硅烷、2.5g二氧化硅纳米粒子和10g PDMS溶解在200mL对二甲苯溶液中加热到60摄氏度反应3h，随后加入20g聚丙烯以及1.5g缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷，得到超疏水性聚丙烯纳米复合材料。
进一步，所述疏水性材料的制备过程如下：将10g ZnO纳米颗粒溶于50g无水乙醇中，在常温下进行超声分散，分散均匀后加0.5g硅烷偶联剂，升温至40摄氏度均匀搅拌至乙醇完全挥发，将乙醇完全挥发后的颗粒溶于5g甲苯溶液中，然后倒入盛有60g含氢聚硅氧烷、DBTDL催化剂及硅烷偶联剂的密封四口烧瓶中，升温至40-45摄氏度搅拌3小时后成均匀半透明状，减压蒸馏得到ZnO-PDHS接枝聚合物。将30g聚二甲基硅氧烷、0.5g硅烷偶联剂和0.1g铂催化剂倒入装有氮气的密闭四口烧瓶中；接着，添加15g ZnO-PDHS接枝聚合物和10g甲基乙烯基MQ硅树脂，并加入0.5g二甲基硅油进行黏度调和，得到超疏水性薄膜材料。
进一步，所述疏水性材料的制备过程如下：把AA6061铝合金基材打磨光滑后，用去离子水和乙醇进行超声清洗5min，然后放在干燥器中备用；接着，配置质量分数为6％的HCl水溶液和40％的FeCl3水溶液，以体积比2：1混合；将处理后的铝合金基材置于HCl和FeCl3混合溶液中超声刻蚀6min，再取出进行去离子水超声清洗5min，然后放入0.1mol/L的KMnO4溶液中反应1小时，最后放入1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷的摩尔体积为0.02mol/L的乙醇溶液中超声1小时和静置10h，最后固化2小时得到疏水性膜。
本发明具有的有益效果：
本发明疏水性材料使得螺旋桨表面与水流的粘性阻力减小，提高螺旋桨推进效率的同时也能够提高螺旋桨的推力。本发明疏水性材料为绝缘材料，且具有良好的附着力、耐磨性和疏水性，可以有效避免铜合金等材质的螺旋桨与船体发生电化学反应，提高螺旋桨的耐磨性、抗冲击性和耐腐蚀性能，起到隔离电流作用，同时保持足够的韧性，不易开裂，具有足够的抗冲击能力。其中，无机填料能够提升疏水性材料的耐磨性，微纳米级表面面料中的纳米疏水颗粒提升抗腐蚀的疏水性。本发明的疏水性材料减小了螺旋桨表面的摩擦力，从而降低海底深处具有吸附能力的生物和海洋深处的污浊物附着在螺旋桨表面的可能性。此外，疏水性材料通过工艺处理能够具有较好的自我清洁能力，有效地减少了水分在涂料表面的滞留，降低了水分通过漆膜渗透至基材的可能性，同时减少了空气中腐蚀性气体SO2、H2S等溶解于水中对漆膜产生的腐蚀性破坏，延长了涂层的使用寿命。本发明可以在螺旋桨表面形成膜物质，较好解决螺旋桨表面在海水中与异种金属的接触腐蚀，极大地提高了用于螺旋桨表面的疏水性能，以及韧性、强度和耐刮擦等性能。因此，本发明螺旋桨表面能够防污染、防腐蚀、抗氧化，疏水性材料涂刷性能和成膜性更是促使其广泛的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用，将疏水性材料涂抹在螺旋桨表面；疏水性材料的制备可以采用以下三种实施例。
实施例一：
本实施例采用的疏水性材料的制备：将75g丙基三甲氧基硅烷、2.5g二氧化硅纳米粒子和10g PDMS溶解在200mL对二甲苯溶液中加热到60摄氏度反应3h，随后加入20g聚丙烯以及1.5g缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷，得到超疏水性聚丙烯纳米复合材料。
实施例二：
本实施例采用的疏水性材料的制备：将10g ZnO纳米颗粒溶于50g无水乙醇中，在常温下进行超声分散，分散均匀后加0.5g硅烷偶联剂，升温至40摄氏度均匀搅拌至乙醇完全挥发，将乙醇完全挥发后的颗粒溶于5g甲苯溶液中，然后倒入盛有60g含氢聚硅氧烷(PDHS)、DBTDL催化剂及硅烷偶联剂的密封四口烧瓶中，升温至40-45摄氏度搅拌3小时后成均匀半透明状，减压蒸馏得到ZnO-PDHS接枝聚合物。将30g聚二甲基硅氧烷、0.5g硅烷偶联剂和0.1g铂催化剂倒入装有氮气的密闭四口烧瓶中；接着，添加15g ZnO-PDHS接枝聚合物和10g甲基乙烯基MQ硅树脂，并加入0.5g二甲基硅油进行黏度调和，得到超疏水性薄膜材料。
实施例三：
本实施例采用的疏水性材料的制备：把AA6061铝合金(化学成分质量分数百分比为：Cu 0.15～0.4,Mn 0.15,Mg 0.8～1.2,Zn 0.25,Cr 0.04～0.35,Ti 0.15,Si 0.4～0.8,Fe 0.7,Al余量)基材打磨光滑后，用去离子水和乙醇进行超声清洗5min，然后放在干燥器中备用；接着，配置质量分数为6％的HCl水溶液和40％的FeCl3水溶液，以体积比2：1混合；将处理后的铝合金基材置于HCl和FeCl3混合溶液中超声刻蚀6min，再取出进行去离子水超声清洗5min，然后放入0.1mol/L的KMnO4溶液中反应1小时，最后放入1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷的摩尔体积为0.02mol/L的乙醇溶液中超声1小时和静置10h，最后固化2小时得到疏水性膜。
流体通过螺旋桨表面时，由于两者的相互作用，会产生摩擦阻力从而造成能量的消耗，流体的粘性阻力消耗了大量的能量。本发明将疏水性材料涂抹于螺旋桨表面，主要关键点是减阻。疏水性材料涂抹在螺旋桨表面后可以降低液体的摩擦系数，静态水与表面的接触角会大于90度甚至150度，螺旋桨表面与水流的粘性阻力也会减小，同时也能回收一部分伴流能量，降低螺旋桨的能量损失，可以在某种程度上提高螺旋桨前进速度，从而使螺旋桨的滑脱变小，因此提高螺旋桨推进效率的同时也能够提高螺旋桨的推力；而由于螺旋桨在水中前进运动时所产生的推力与消耗的转矩和效率以及运动进速和转速有关，从而也提高螺旋桨的效率。
本发明将疏水性材料涂抹于螺旋桨表面，会在很大程度上避免边界层的分离，从而减小水下螺旋桨的形状阻力；此外，由于使用的疏水性材料为绝缘材料，可以有效避免铜合金等材质的螺旋桨与船体发生电化学反应。
本发明将疏水性材料涂抹于螺旋桨表面，关键侧重点是抗腐蚀，疏水性材料包含烷烃、油或油脂，涂抹在螺旋桨表面无法与水发生电化学反应形成氢键，降低了螺旋桨由于电化学反应产生凹槽的可能性，减缓涂料年久破损的进程，可以大大减少舰船螺旋桨进坞清理和维修次数。
当前市场上螺旋桨的涂层在抗腐蚀方面有着各种的缺陷，大多数应用于金属基材表面时，与基材附着力不强，导致抗腐蚀涂料的耐久性差，影响抗腐蚀性能。采用疏水性材料，化学稳定性和电绝缘性好，作为涂层可以有效提高螺旋桨的耐磨性、抗冲击性和耐腐蚀性能，起到隔离电流作用，同时保持足够的韧性，不易开裂，具有足够的抗冲击能力。
本发明将疏水性材料涂抹于螺旋桨表面，减小了螺旋桨表面的摩擦力，从而降低海底深处具有吸附能力的生物和海洋深处的污浊物附着在螺旋桨表面的可能性，采用疏水性涂层是减缓螺旋桨腐蚀和海生物附着最为有效、经济、便捷的方法，大大延长了螺旋桨的使用寿命。
本发明将疏水性材料涂抹于螺旋桨表面，可以在螺旋桨表面形成膜物质，相比较于市场上现阶段的陶瓷涂层有更好的抗污能力，可以较好解决螺旋桨表面在海水中与异种金属的接触腐蚀，极大地提高了用于螺旋桨表面的疏水性能，以及韧性、强度和耐刮擦等性能。
本发明将疏水性材料涂抹于螺旋桨表面，使得螺旋桨可以承受局部高压空蚀、腐蚀，可以有效防止螺旋桨在海水中的空蚀和海生物的污损。此外，疏水性材料通过工艺处理能够具有较好的自我清洁能力。
本发明疏水性材料具有良好的附着力、耐磨性和疏水性，其中，无机填料能够提升疏水性材料的耐磨性，实施例一和实施例二提供了微纳米级表面面料中的纳米疏水颗粒，能够提升抗腐蚀的疏水性。
本发明采用的疏水性材料有优异的附着力和抗开裂韧性；此外，涂层的疏水性能有效地减少了水分在涂料表面的滞留，降低了水分通过漆膜渗透至基材的可能性，同时减少了空气中腐蚀性气体SO2、H2S等溶解于水中对漆膜产生的腐蚀性破坏，延长了涂层的使用寿命。疏水性优异的涂层由于雨水在涂层上难以润湿，呈水珠状滚落将带走涂层表面的灰尘，达到了自清洁的作用。
本发明将疏水性材料与螺旋桨结合获得较好的减阻和防腐蚀的作用，主要保护二者结合之后作用；可以用于螺旋桨表面的疏水性材料皆在本发明保护范围之内。采用疏水材料作表面涂层的螺旋桨可以有效减阻和抗腐蚀，降低了螺旋桨维护的成本，具有极大经济意义。
Claims (2)
1.疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用，其特征在于：将疏水性材料涂抹在螺旋桨表面，用于减小螺旋桨表面与水流的粘性阻力和降低螺旋桨表面与水发生电化学反应产生腐蚀；静态水与疏水性材料表面的接触角大于90°；
所述疏水性材料的制备过程如下：将一份10g ZnO纳米颗粒溶于50g无水乙醇中，在常温下进行超声分散，分散均匀后加0.5g硅烷偶联剂，升温至40摄氏度均匀搅拌至乙醇完全挥发，将乙醇完全挥发后的颗粒溶于5g甲苯溶液中，然后倒入盛有60g含氢聚硅氧烷、DBTDL催化剂及硅烷偶联剂的密封四口烧瓶中，升温至40-45摄氏度搅拌3小时后成均匀半透明状，减压蒸馏得到ZnO-PDHS接枝聚合物；将30g聚二甲基硅氧烷、0.5g硅烷偶联剂和0.1g铂催化剂倒入装有氮气的密闭四口烧瓶中；接着，添加15g ZnO-PDHS接枝聚合物和10g甲基乙烯基MQ硅树脂，并加入0.5g二甲基硅油进行黏度调和，得到超疏水性薄膜材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述疏水性材料在螺旋桨表面的应用，其特征在于：用于提高螺旋桨的耐磨性。
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