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CN111268703A - A method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate battery - Google Patents

A method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate battery Download PDF

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CN111268703A
CN111268703A CN202010077537.3A CN202010077537A CN111268703A CN 111268703 A CN111268703 A CN 111268703A CN 202010077537 A CN202010077537 A CN 202010077537A CN 111268703 A CN111268703 A CN 111268703A
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iron phosphate
waste
lithium
lithium iron
lithium carbonate
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张付申
贺凯
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Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D15/00Lithium compounds
    • C01D15/08Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种从废旧磷酸铁锂电池中回收碳酸锂的方法,属于废弃资源综合利用领域的固体废弃物资源化新技术。具体包括充电、拆解、分离、真空水解、过滤、二氧化碳沉淀、分离烘干,最后的到产品。其特征是:利用废旧磷酸铁锂电池锂化石墨中锂活性增加的特点,通过水解制备氢氧化锂,沉淀制备碳酸锂的方式得到碳酸锂粉体。在整个回收过程中未使用强酸和强碱,具有绿色环保的特点。

Figure 202010077537

The invention relates to a method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste and old lithium iron phosphate batteries, and belongs to a new technology of solid waste recycling in the field of comprehensive utilization of waste resources. Specifically, it includes charging, disassembly, separation, vacuum hydrolysis, filtration, carbon dioxide precipitation, separation and drying, and finally to the product. It is characterized in that the lithium carbonate powder is obtained by utilizing the characteristic of increased lithium activity in the lithiated graphite of the waste lithium iron phosphate battery, preparing lithium hydroxide by hydrolysis, and preparing lithium carbonate by precipitation. No strong acid and strong alkali are used in the whole recycling process, which is green and environmentally friendly.

Figure 202010077537

Description

一种从废旧磷酸铁锂电池中回收碳酸锂的方法A method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate battery

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及从废旧磷酸铁锂电池中回收碳酸锂的方法,属于环境保护和资源综合利用领域的固体废弃物资源化新技术,适用于废旧磷酸铁锂电池中锂的高附加值资源化利用。The invention relates to a method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, belongs to a new technology of solid waste recycling in the field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and is suitable for high value-added resource utilization of lithium in waste lithium iron phosphate batteries.

背景技术Background technique

锂离子电池广泛应用于储能、电动汽车、便携式电子设备等等多个领域。储能系统以及电动汽车被认为具有减少化石能源消耗、提高再生能源利用率的巨大潜力,因而近年来得到了国家的大力扶持。此外,随着生活水平的提高,手机、笔记本电脑等移动电子设备的需求量逐渐增加,使得对锂离子电池的需求不断增长。然而,锂离子电池使用寿命一般在8年以下,因而近年报废锂离子电池的数量急剧增加。我国是锂资源短缺的国家,从废旧锂锂离子电池中回收锂具有战略价值。然而由于磷酸铁锂电池的锂含量低,目前的火法冶金技术无法从磷酸铁锂电池回收锂资源。湿法冶金技术对锂有较高的回收率,然而湿法冶金技术常需要大量的酸、碱,产生大量的废水,环境负担较大。Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in energy storage, electric vehicles, portable electronic devices and many other fields. Energy storage systems and electric vehicles are considered to have great potential to reduce fossil energy consumption and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy, so they have been vigorously supported by the state in recent years. In addition, with the improvement of living standards, the demand for mobile electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers has gradually increased, resulting in an increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries. However, the service life of lithium-ion batteries is generally less than 8 years, so the number of discarded lithium-ion batteries has increased sharply in recent years. my country is a country with a shortage of lithium resources, and it is of strategic value to recover lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries. However, due to the low lithium content of lithium iron phosphate batteries, the current pyrometallurgical technology cannot recover lithium resources from lithium iron phosphate batteries. Hydrometallurgical technology has a high recovery rate of lithium, but hydrometallurgy technology often requires a large amount of acid and alkali, produces a large amount of wastewater, and has a large environmental burden.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明提供一种从废旧磷酸铁锂电池中回收碳酸锂的方法,对于锂的回收具有高的选择性和回收率,且在整个回收过程中不使用强酸和强碱,具有绿色环保的特点。The invention provides a method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, which has high selectivity and recovery rate for lithium recovery, and does not use strong acid and alkali in the whole recovery process, and has the characteristics of green environmental protection.

一种从废旧磷酸铁锂电池中回收碳酸锂的方法具体包括以下步骤:A method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate battery specifically comprises the following steps:

1、将废旧磷酸铁锂电池充电至电池容量的80%以上;1. Charge the waste lithium iron phosphate battery to more than 80% of the battery capacity;

2、将所述充电后的废旧磷酸铁锂电池的负极取出,在真空状态下与水接触,得到电解液和氢氧化锂的溶液;2. Take out the negative electrode of the waste and old lithium iron phosphate battery after charging, and contact with water in a vacuum state to obtain a solution of electrolyte and lithium hydroxide;

3、将所述溶液过滤去除固体,得到滤液;3. The solution is filtered to remove solids to obtain a filtrate;

4、向所述滤液中通入二氧化碳得到碳酸锂的沉淀;4, feed carbon dioxide into the filtrate to obtain the precipitation of lithium carbonate;

5、将所述沉淀过滤烘干后得到碳酸锂粉末;5. After the precipitation is filtered and dried, lithium carbonate powder is obtained;

6、将过滤后的水溶液回用于上述过程。6. The filtered aqueous solution is reused in the above process.

下面结合说明书附图和实施方案进一步阐述本发明的内容。The content of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the description.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是从废旧磷酸铁锂电池中回收碳酸锂的工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries.

图2实施例1中回收的碳酸锂的X射线衍射图,三角形标注的峰是碳酸锂的特征峰。The X-ray diffraction pattern of the lithium carbonate recovered in Fig. 2 in Example 1, the peak marked with a triangle is the characteristic peak of lithium carbonate.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面给出的实施例拟对本发明作进一步说明,但不能理解为是对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术人员根据上述本发明的内容对本发明做出的一些非本质的改进和调整,仍然属于本发明的保护范围。The examples given below are intended to further illustrate the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made to the present invention by those skilled in the art according to the above-mentioned content of the present invention are still It belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

实施例1Example 1

将废旧磷酸铁锂电池充电至电池容量的90%,使锂离子嵌入石墨层中;将所述充电后的废旧磷酸铁锂电池的负极取出,将所述50g负极在0.001MPa的气压下与200g水接触,得到电解液和氢氧化锂的溶液;将所述溶液过滤去除固体,得到滤液;向所述滤液中通入二氧化碳直到pH降低为9,得到碳酸锂的沉淀;将沉淀过滤烘干后得到碳酸锂粉末;将过滤后的水溶液回用于上述过程。The waste lithium iron phosphate battery was charged to 90% of the battery capacity, and lithium ions were embedded in the graphite layer; the negative electrode of the charged waste lithium iron phosphate battery was taken out, and the 50g negative electrode was mixed with 200g under the air pressure of 0.001MPa. contact with water to obtain a solution of electrolyte and lithium hydroxide; filter the solution to remove solids to obtain a filtrate; feed carbon dioxide into the filtrate until the pH is reduced to 9 to obtain the precipitation of lithium carbonate; after the precipitation is filtered and dried Lithium carbonate powder is obtained; the filtered aqueous solution is reused in the above process.

实施例2Example 2

将废旧磷酸铁锂电池充电至电池容量的80%,使锂离子嵌入石墨层中;将所述充电后的废旧磷酸铁锂电池的负极取出,将所述50g负极在0.001MPa的气压下与100g水接触,得到电解液和氢氧化锂的溶液;将所述溶液过滤去除固体,得到滤液;向所述滤液中通入二氧化碳直到pH降低为9,得到碳酸锂的沉淀;将沉淀过滤烘干后得到碳酸锂粉末;将过滤后的水溶液回用于上述过程;在所述水溶液循环使用8次后,将所述水溶液分馏,得到蒸馏水与有机物,将蒸馏水回用于上述过程。The waste lithium iron phosphate battery was charged to 80% of the battery capacity, so that lithium ions were embedded in the graphite layer; the negative electrode of the charged waste lithium iron phosphate battery was taken out, and the 50g negative electrode was mixed with 100g under the air pressure of 0.001MPa. contact with water to obtain a solution of electrolyte and lithium hydroxide; filter the solution to remove solids to obtain a filtrate; feed carbon dioxide into the filtrate until the pH is reduced to 9 to obtain the precipitation of lithium carbonate; after the precipitation is filtered and dried Lithium carbonate powder is obtained; the filtered aqueous solution is reused in the above process; after the aqueous solution is recycled 8 times, the aqueous solution is fractionated to obtain distilled water and organic matter, and the distilled water is reused in the above process.

Claims (6)

1. A method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) charging the waste lithium iron phosphate battery to enable lithium ions to be embedded into the graphite layer;
(2) disassembling the charged waste lithium iron phosphate battery, and separating a positive electrode and a negative electrode from a diaphragm;
(3) putting the negative electrode into deionized water under a vacuum state to obtain copper foil, graphite, electrolyte and lithium hydroxide solution;
(4) filtering the solution to remove solids to obtain a filtrate;
(5) introducing carbon dioxide into the filtrate to obtain a precipitate of lithium carbonate, and filtering and drying the precipitate to obtain lithium carbonate powder;
(6) the filtered aqueous solution is reused in the above step (3).
2. The method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are waste batteries in which graphite is used as a negative electrode material and lithium iron phosphate is used as a positive electrode material.
3. The method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum state in (3) is that the air pressure is lower than 0.01 MPa.
4. The method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein (3) the mass ratio of the negative electrode to water is 1: 1.5-1: 4.5.
5. the method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the introduction amount of the carbon dioxide in the step (5) is controlled according to the pH value of the solution, and the introduction is stopped when the pH value of the filtrate is reduced to 8-10.
6. The method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (4), when the content of organic matters in the filtered aqueous solution reaches 20% -50%, the aqueous solution is fractionated and filtered to obtain distilled water and organic matters, and the distilled water is recycled to the step (3).
CN202010077537.3A 2019-10-10 2020-01-30 A method for recovering lithium carbonate from waste lithium iron phosphate battery Pending CN111268703A (en)

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CN112259821A (en) * 2020-10-22 2021-01-22 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 Method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries
CN114725556A (en) * 2022-04-06 2022-07-08 山东大学 A method of recovering lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries
EP4459710A1 (en) * 2023-05-02 2024-11-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a lithium-containing electrode and electrochemical cell
CN120453359A (en) * 2025-07-11 2025-08-08 全一(宁波)科技有限公司 A carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate material, preparation method and application thereof

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CN109088119A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-25 湖南金凯循环科技有限公司 A method of recycling lithium in waste and old graphite series lithium ion battery negative electrode tab
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112259821A (en) * 2020-10-22 2021-01-22 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 Method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries
CN114725556A (en) * 2022-04-06 2022-07-08 山东大学 A method of recovering lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries
EP4459710A1 (en) * 2023-05-02 2024-11-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a lithium-containing electrode and electrochemical cell
WO2024227535A1 (en) * 2023-05-02 2024-11-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a lithium-containing electrode, and electrochemical cell
CN120453359A (en) * 2025-07-11 2025-08-08 全一(宁波)科技有限公司 A carbon-coated lithium iron phosphate material, preparation method and application thereof

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