CN111257416A - A method for detecting internal defects of UHV insulating tie rods - Google Patents
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及高电压设备中绝缘材料检测领域，公开了一种特高压绝缘拉杆内部缺陷检测的方法。示波器连接超声仪，以便得到携带最多缺陷信息的超声原始传播波形；耦合剂为水；检测试样为与绝缘拉杆同材质的芳纶纤维浸渍环氧树脂板；PC机呈现完整超声波形，便于观察和分析，通过超声波在固体中传播遇到缺陷时的反射现象搭建超声检测系统来检测绝缘拉杆，根据有无缺陷反射波以及其传播时间和幅值来确定有无缺陷以及缺陷的位置和大小，提高电力设备运行可靠性和电力系统的安全性。The invention relates to the field of insulation material detection in high-voltage equipment, and discloses a method for detecting internal defects of an ultra-high-voltage insulation pull rod. The oscilloscope is connected to the ultrasonic instrument in order to obtain the original ultrasonic propagation waveform that carries the most defect information; the coupling agent is water; the test sample is the aramid fiber impregnated epoxy resin board of the same material as the insulating tie rod; the PC shows a complete ultrasonic shape, which is easy to observe and analysis, build an ultrasonic inspection system to detect the insulation tie rod through the reflection phenomenon of ultrasonic wave propagation in solids and encounter defects, and determine whether there are defects and the location and size of defects according to the presence or absence of defective reflected waves and their propagation time and amplitude, Improve the reliability of power equipment and the safety of power systems.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于高电压设备中绝缘材料检测领域，并涉及一种特高压绝缘拉杆内部缺陷检测的方法，主要应用于特高压绝缘拉杆内部缺陷的及时发现，避免事故的发生。The invention belongs to the field of insulation material detection in high-voltage equipment, and relates to a method for detecting internal defects of ultra-high-voltage insulating tie rods, which is mainly used for timely discovery of internal defects of ultra-high-voltage insulating tie rods to avoid accidents.
背景技术Background technique
电力是社会发展和城市变革最重要的技术基础，随着我国经济的飞速发展，电力行业、供电以及用电企业自动化建设和改造在不断发展与完善。近年来，随着电力系统高电压、大容量输电的发展需求，电力设备的电压等级也在不断提高，人们对电力设备安全运行提出了更加苛刻的要求。特高压绝缘拉杆是高压断路器的重要组成部分，是高压断路器高电位与工作机构之间的连接件。绝缘拉杆是短时间对带电设备实行操作的绝缘工具，如接通或断开高压隔离开关、跌落熔丝具，装拆携带式接地线，以及实行测量和试验时使用。然而，绝缘拉杆在生产制造以及使用过程中也会产生缺陷。Electricity is the most important technical basis for social development and urban transformation. With the rapid development of my country's economy, the power industry, power supply and automation construction and transformation of electricity-consuming enterprises are constantly developing and improving. In recent years, with the development needs of high-voltage and large-capacity power transmission in the power system, the voltage level of power equipment has been continuously improved, and people have put forward more stringent requirements for the safe operation of power equipment. The UHV insulating rod is an important part of the high-voltage circuit breaker, and it is the connection between the high-voltage circuit breaker's high potential and the working mechanism. Insulation pull rod is an insulating tool for short-term operation of live equipment, such as switching on or off high-voltage isolation switches, dropping fuse sets, assembling and disassembling portable grounding wires, and performing measurements and tests. However, the insulating tie rod also has defects in the production and use process.
一般认为，绝缘拉杆在生产过程中或者长期遭受恶劣环境和机械应力的作用下，内部可能会出现微孔、裂纹等缺陷，在高电压作用下可能会发生沿面闪络甚至击穿，严重降低电力设备的可靠性。It is generally believed that in the production process or under the action of harsh environment and mechanical stress for a long time, defects such as micropores and cracks may appear inside the insulating tie rod. Under the action of high voltage, surface flashover or even breakdown may occur, seriously reducing the power. equipment reliability.
将声学领域的超声波应用于电气绝缘领域，利用超声波在固体中传播遇到缺陷时的反射现象检测绝缘拉杆内部缺陷。将制作绝缘拉杆的环氧复合材料制作成与其厚度相同的环氧板，在底部或者侧面打上不同直径不同深度的孔洞模拟微孔和裂纹缺陷，然后用超声反射法检测其中的缺陷，确定了该方法的有效性，具有操作简单，易于控制等优点，为特高压绝缘拉杆微孔缺陷的检测提供了一种新方法。The ultrasonic wave in the field of acoustics is applied to the field of electrical insulation, and the reflection phenomenon of the ultrasonic wave when it propagates in the solid and encounters a defect is used to detect the internal defect of the insulation rod. The epoxy composite material used to make the insulating tie rod is made into an epoxy board with the same thickness, and holes with different diameters and depths are punched at the bottom or side to simulate micro-holes and crack defects, and then ultrasonic reflection method is used to detect the defects. The effectiveness of the method has the advantages of simple operation and easy control, etc., and provides a new method for the detection of microporous defects of UHV insulating tie rods.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种特高压绝缘拉杆内部缺陷检测的方法，以检测特高压绝缘拉杆内部缺陷。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting the internal defects of the ultra-high voltage insulating tie rod, so as to detect the internal defects of the ultra-high voltage insulating tie rod.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种特高压绝缘拉杆内部缺陷检测的方法，所基于的检测装置包括超声仪(1)、超声探头(2)、示波器(3)、耦合剂(4)、检测试样(5)以及PC机(6)，所述超声探头(2)一端连接到超声仪(1)，另一端通过耦合剂(4)置于检测试样(5)表面，示波器(3)连接到超声仪(1)的波前电路，然后将超声波形传输到PC机(6)，用以观察和分析超声波形，PC机(6)得到超声波形中缺陷反射波传播时间和幅值可以判断缺陷位置以及大小。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for detecting the internal defects of an ultra-high voltage insulating tie rod, the detection device based on which comprises an ultrasonic instrument (1), an ultrasonic probe (2), an oscilloscope (3), a couplant ( 4), the test sample (5) and the PC (6), one end of the ultrasonic probe (2) is connected to the ultrasonic instrument (1), and the other end is placed on the surface of the test sample (5) through the couplant (4), The oscilloscope (3) is connected to the wavefront circuit of the ultrasonic instrument (1), and then the ultrasonic wave shape is transmitted to the PC (6) to observe and analyze the ultrasonic wave shape, and the PC machine (6) obtains the propagation time of the reflected wave of the defect in the ultrasonic wave shape And the amplitude can judge the defect location and size.
本发明在试样表面涂抹耦合剂-水，之后用探头通过耦合剂来探测试样内的缺陷。In the present invention, couplant-water is applied on the surface of the sample, and then a probe is used to detect defects in the sample through the couplant.
本发明先将探头放置在无缺陷区域，对示波器中显示的始波和底面反射波定标；然后缓慢移动探头，当始波与底波之间出现缺陷反射波时，说明此处存在缺陷。In the present invention, the probe is first placed in the defect-free area to calibrate the initial wave and the bottom surface reflected wave displayed in the oscilloscope; then the probe is moved slowly, and when a defective reflected wave appears between the initial wave and the bottom wave, it indicates that there is a defect here.
本发明对缺陷反射波进行分析：缺陷的位置随缺陷超声反射波出现的时间逐渐加深，而缺陷超声反射波的振幅随着缺陷尺寸的增大而增大，根据缺陷反射波出现的时间和幅值判断缺陷的位置和大小。The invention analyzes the reflected wave of the defect: the position of the defect gradually deepens with the appearance time of the ultrasonic reflected wave of the defect, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic reflected wave of the defect increases with the increase of the size of the defect. The value determines the location and size of the defect.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：通过超声波在固体中传播遇到缺陷时的反射现象，可以得到绝缘拉杆内有无缺陷超声反射波，并根据缺陷反射波出现的时间和幅值判断缺陷的位置和大小，提高特高压绝缘拉杆运行可靠性和电力系统的安全性。示波器连接到超声仪的波前电路，以便得到携带最多缺陷信息的超声原始传播波形。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the reflection phenomenon when ultrasonic waves are propagated in the solid when a defect is encountered, it is possible to obtain whether there is a defective ultrasonic reflected wave in the insulating rod, and according to the time and amplitude of the defective reflected wave. It can judge the position and size of the defect, and improve the reliability of the UHV insulation rod operation and the safety of the power system. The oscilloscope is connected to the wavefront circuitry of the ultrasound system in order to obtain the raw ultrasound propagation waveform that carries the most defect information.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为超声反射法检测特高压绝缘拉杆内部缺陷示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic reflection method to detect the internal defects of the UHV insulating tie rod.
图2为超声波在环氧复合绝缘材料中的传播模型。Figure 2 shows the propagation model of ultrasonic waves in epoxy composite insulating materials.
图3为无缺陷和存在内部缺陷的超声波形。Figure 3 shows the ultrasonic shape without defects and with internal defects.
图中：1-超声仪、2-超声探头、3-示波器、4-耦合剂、5-检测试样、6-PC机。In the picture: 1- ultrasonic instrument, 2- ultrasonic probe, 3- oscilloscope, 4- couplant, 5- test sample, 6- PC machine.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明所基于的检测装置，如图1所示，包括超声仪1、超声探头2、示波器3、耦合剂4、检测试样5以及PC机6，所述超声探头2一端连接到超声仪1，另一端通过耦合剂4置于检测试样5表面，示波器3连接到超声仪1的波前电路，然后将超声波形传输到PC机6，用以观察和分析超声波形，PC机6得到超声波形中缺陷反射波传播时间和幅值可以判断缺陷位置以及大小。The detection device on which the present invention is based, as shown in FIG. 1 , includes an ultrasonic instrument 1 , an
实施例Example
1)制作一块与绝缘拉杆同材质的环氧树脂浸渍芳纶纤维板，将其放置在打孔机上从底部以及侧面打不同直径不同深度的孔洞模拟微孔和裂纹缺陷。从超声波传播角度来看，人工气孔顶部的固体环氧-气孔空气界面在声学上与环氧材料内微孔处的环氧-气孔界面等效，气孔侧面处的固体环氧-空气界面与环氧内部长条状裂纹处的环氧-空气界面等效。1) Make a piece of epoxy resin impregnated aramid fiber board with the same material as the insulating pull rod, and place it on the punching machine to punch holes of different diameters and depths from the bottom and sides to simulate micro-holes and crack defects. From the perspective of ultrasonic propagation, the solid epoxy-air interface at the top of the artificial pores is acoustically equivalent to the epoxy-air interface at the micropores in the epoxy material. The epoxy-air interface at the long-striped crack inside the oxygen is equivalent.
2)在试样表面涂抹耦合剂-水，用以减小超声波的衰减，之后用探头通过耦合剂来探测试样内的缺陷。先将探头放置在无缺陷区域，对示波器中显示的始波和底面反射波定标；然后缓慢移动探头，当始波与底波之间出现缺陷反射波时，说明此处存在缺陷。2) Apply couplant-water on the surface of the sample to reduce the attenuation of ultrasonic waves, and then use the probe to detect defects in the sample through the couplant. First place the probe in the defect-free area, and calibrate the initial wave and the back surface reflected wave displayed in the oscilloscope; then move the probe slowly, when a defect reflected wave appears between the initial wave and the back surface wave, it means that there is a defect here.
3)对缺陷反射波进行分析。缺陷的位置随缺陷超声反射波出现的时间逐渐加深，而缺陷超声反射波的振幅随着缺陷尺寸的增大而增大，因此根据缺陷反射波出现的时间和幅值判断缺陷的位置和大小。图2为超声波在环氧复合绝缘材料中的传播模型。图3为无缺陷和存在内部缺陷的超声波形。3) Analyze the reflected wave of the defect. The position of the defect gradually deepens with the appearance time of the ultrasonic reflection wave of the defect, and the amplitude of the ultrasonic reflection wave of the defect increases with the increase of the size of the defect. Figure 2 shows the propagation model of ultrasonic waves in epoxy composite insulating materials. Figure 3 shows the ultrasonic shape without defects and with internal defects.
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| CN115308540A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-11-08 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A method, device, terminal and storage medium for analyzing dry spot defect of insulating tie rod |
| CN116087325A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-05-09 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Insulation pull rod defect identification method and system based on ultrasonic spectrum characteristics |
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