CN111200172A

CN111200172A - Lithium battery core package decomposition device and method

Info

Publication number: CN111200172A
Application number: CN201811372056.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹宏斌; 康飞; 孙峙; 卢雄辉
Original assignee: Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
Priority date: 2018-11-16
Filing date: 2018-11-16
Publication date: 2020-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-16
Also published as: CN111200172B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic waste recycling and discloses a lithium battery core package decomposition device and method. The lithium battery core bag decomposition device comprises a clamping mechanism for clamping the core bag, a cutting mechanism for cutting the pole piece, a pressing mechanism for pressing one end of the cut pole piece, a reverse winding mechanism for unfolding and pressing the other end of the pole piece and a separating mechanism for adsorbing and separating the unfolded pole piece. According to the invention, the lithium battery core package can be automatically and independently disassembled by utilizing the mutual matching of the clamping mechanism, the cutting mechanism, the pressing mechanism, the rewinding mechanism and the separating mechanism.

Description

Lithium battery core package decomposition device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic waste recycling, in particular to a lithium battery core package decomposition device and method.

Background

The lithium battery has the advantages of mature production process, lower packaging cost, higher yield of battery products, high energy density, good safety, good consistency and the like. With the large number of applications of lithium batteries, lithium batteries are coming to a discard peak, and how to dispose of the discarded lithium batteries becomes a non-trivial problem.

The main component of the lithium battery is a core package, the main component of the core package is a pole piece, the positive pole piece, the diaphragm, the negative pole piece and the diaphragm are placed in the order from top to bottom during assembly, the battery core package is manufactured through winding, the battery core package is installed in a battery shell, and then the assembling process of the lithium battery is completed through the technological processes of electrolyte injection, sealing and the like, and the finished battery is manufactured. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pole piece are respectively composed of a current collector (copper foil and aluminum foil) and positive and negative electrode materials, and the cost of the pole piece occupies a large proportion of the overall cost of the lithium battery. Therefore, the problem that the decomposition and recovery of the positive and negative electrode plates of the lithium ion battery core package are realized by finely disassembling the components of the core package is urgently needed to be solved.

Meanwhile, the risks of electrolyte leakage, heavy metal diffusion and the like easily occur in the recovery process of the lithium battery, and if the battery is disassembled manually, potential safety hazards exist, such as the electrolyte corrodes hands or HF gas is sucked to harm the health of a body. The waste lithium batteries are mainly recovered by physical crushing and chemical extraction at the present stage, and the recovery technology has the defects of high energy consumption, easy generation of secondary pollution, incomplete separation and recovery and the like.

Therefore, a new device and method for decomposing a lithium battery core package are needed to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a lithium battery core package decomposition device and method, so as to realize that a lithium battery core package can be automatically and independently disassembled.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a lithium cell core package decomposition device, core package includes the pole piece, and core package decomposition device is including the fixture that is used for the centre gripping core package, be used for the cutting mechanism who cuts off the pole piece, be used for the hold-down mechanism that compresses tightly one end of the pole piece after cutting off and be used for the mechanism and the separating mechanism that is used for adsorbing the separation with the pole piece after expanding with the mechanism of rolling up that the other end of pole piece expandes and compresses tightly.

Preferably, the core pack cutting device further comprises a conveying mechanism for supplying the core pack, and the conveying mechanism is arranged between the clamping mechanism and the cutting mechanism.

Preferably, the core bag decomposition device further comprises a recovery mechanism for recovering the separated pole pieces and an exhaust gas treatment mechanism for treating the exhaust gas and dust generated by the core bag decomposition device.

Preferably, the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping X-direction guide rail, a clamping Z-direction guide rail and clamping jaws which are connected in sequence, the clamping jaws are connected with clamping jaw air cylinders, and the clamping jaws can clamp the core package and can move along the clamping X-direction guide rail and the clamping Z-direction guide rail.

Preferably, the cutting mechanism comprises a cutting X-direction guide rail, a first cutting connecting plate, a cutting spring, a second cutting connecting plate and a cutting knife which are sequentially connected, and the cutting knife can move along the cutting X-direction guide rail and cut off the pole piece of the core bag by judging the deformation amount of the cutting spring.

Preferably, the pressing mechanism comprises a pressing Z-direction guide rail, a first pressing connecting plate, a pressing spring, a second pressing connecting plate and pressing fingers which are sequentially connected, the pressing fingers can move along the pressing Z-direction guide rail, and one end of the cut pole piece is pressed by judging the deformation amount of the pressing spring.

Preferably, the rewinding mechanism comprises a rewinding Y-direction guide rail, a rewinding Z-direction guide rail and a rewinding baffle plate which are sequentially connected, the rewinding Y-direction guide rail is perpendicular to the pressing fingers, and the rewinding baffle plate can move along the rewinding Y-direction guide rail and the rewinding Z-direction guide rail to unfold and press the other end of the cut pole piece.

Preferably, the pole pieces are unfolded by the rewinding mechanism to form a first pole piece positioned at the upper part and a second pole piece positioned at the lower part; the separating mechanism comprises a separating X-direction guide rail, a separating Z-direction connecting plate, a rotating motor, a separating Z-direction telescopic rod and a first vacuum sucker which are sequentially connected, wherein a second vacuum sucker for adsorbing a second pole piece is further arranged below the second pole piece, and the first vacuum sucker can move along the separating X-direction guide rail, rotate along the rotating motor and is driven by the separating Z-direction telescopic rod to stretch so as to adsorb the first pole piece.

A lithium battery pole piece recycling method comprises the following steps:

clamping the core bag and cutting the pole piece of the core bag;

one end of the cut pole piece is compressed, and the other end of the pole piece is expanded and then compressed;

and (5) carrying out adsorption separation on the unfolded pole piece.

Preferably, the method further comprises, after the step of performing adsorption separation on the spread pole pieces:

and recycling the pole pieces after adsorption and separation.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the lithium battery core package can be automatically and independently disassembled by utilizing the mutual matching of the clamping mechanism, the cutting mechanism, the pressing mechanism, the rewinding mechanism and the separating mechanism.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium battery core package decomposition device provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the clamping mechanism of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the cutting mechanism of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the pressing mechanism in fig. 1.

In the figure:

1. an operating platform; 2. a transport mechanism; 3. a clamping mechanism; 4. a cutting mechanism; 5. a hold-down mechanism; 6. a rewinding mechanism; 7. a separating mechanism; 8. a recovery mechanism;

31. clamping the X-direction guide rail; 32. clamping the Z-direction guide rail; 33. a clamping jaw; 34. a clamping jaw cylinder;

41. cutting the X-direction guide rail; 42. a first cutting web; 43. cutting the spring; 44. a second cutting web; 45. a cutting knife;

51. pressing the Z-direction guide rail; 52. a first compression connecting plate; 53. a compression spring; 54. a second compression connecting plate; 55. pressing the fingers;

61. reversely coiling the Y-direction guide rail; 62. reversely coiling the Z-direction guide rail; 63. a reverse-rolling baffle;

71. separating the X-direction guide rail; 72. separating the Z-direction connecting plate; 73. a rotating electric machine; 74. separating the Z-direction telescopic rod; 75. a first vacuum chuck; 76. a second vacuum chuck;

81. a first recovery tank; 82. a second recovery tank.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the lithium battery core package decomposition device provided by the invention comprises an operation platform 1, and a conveying mechanism 2, a clamping mechanism 3, a cutting mechanism 4, a pressing mechanism 5, an anti-rolling mechanism 6, a separating mechanism 7, a recovery mechanism 8 and a tail gas treatment mechanism (not shown in the figure) which are sequentially arranged according to a lithium battery pole piece disassembling process, wherein the conveying mechanism 2, the clamping mechanism 3, the cutting mechanism 4, the pressing mechanism 5, the anti-rolling mechanism 6 and the separating mechanism 7 are all located on the operation platform 1, and the recovery mechanism 8 and the tail gas treatment mechanism are all located under the operation platform 1.

Specifically, the conveying mechanism 2 is disposed between the clamping mechanism 3 and the cutting mechanism 4, and one end of the conveying mechanism is connected to a feeding mechanism (not shown in the figure), and the conveying mechanism 2 can sequentially convey the lithium battery core packages conveyed thereto to a position required by a next process (i.e., between the clamping mechanism 3 and the cutting mechanism 4) one by one.

As shown in fig. 2, the clamping mechanism 3 includes a clamping X-direction guide rail 31, a clamping Z-direction guide rail 32 and a clamping jaw 33 connected in sequence, the clamping X-direction guide rail 31 is fixed on the operation platform 1, the clamping jaw 33 is connected with a clamping jaw air cylinder 34, and the clamping jaw 33 can clamp the core package and can move along the clamping X-direction guide rail 31 and the clamping Z-direction guide rail 32. When the lithium battery pack on the conveying mechanism 2 moves to a certain position, the clamping jaws 33 are driven by a driving mechanism (such as a motor) to move to the position of the lithium battery pack along the clamping X-direction guide rail 31 and the clamping Z-direction guide rail 32, and then the clamping jaws 33 clamp the lithium battery pack by using the clamping jaw air cylinders 34.

As shown in fig. 3, the cutting mechanism 4 includes a cutting X-directional guide rail 41, a first cutting connecting plate 42, a cutting spring 43, a second cutting connecting plate 44 and a cutting knife 45 connected in sequence, the cutting knife 45 can move along the cutting X-directional guide rail 41, and the deformation of the cutting spring 43 is determined to cut off the pole pieces and the diaphragm of the core pack. Specifically, a distance sensor is arranged between the first cutting connecting plate 42 and the second cutting connecting plate 44, and a predetermined distance (namely, the height of the cutting spring 43 after deformation) is set to represent the state that the cutting knife 45 can cut off the pole pieces and the diaphragm of the core package surface layer. It can be understood that, force sensors may also be disposed at positions where the first cutting connection plate 42 and the second cutting connection plate 44 are respectively connected to the cutting spring 43, and the state that the cutting knife 45 can cut off the pole pieces and the diaphragm of the core package skin layer is characterized by detecting the elastic force when the cutting spring 43 is deformed.

As shown in fig. 4, the pressing mechanism 5 includes a pressing Z-direction guide 51, a first pressing connection plate 52, a pressing spring 53, a second pressing connection plate 54 and a pressing finger 55, which are connected in sequence, the pressing finger 55 can move along the pressing Z-direction guide 51, and the deformation amount of the pressing spring 53 is determined to press one end of the cut pole piece. Specifically, a distance sensor is disposed between the first pressing connecting plate 52 and the second pressing connecting plate 54, and a predetermined distance (i.e., a height of the pressing spring 53 after deformation) is set to represent a state in which the pressing finger 55 can press the cut ends of the pole piece and the diaphragm. It can be understood that, a force sensor may also be disposed at a position where the first pressing connection plate 52 and the second pressing connection plate 54 are respectively connected to the pressing spring 53, and the state that the pressing finger 55 can press the cut ends of the pole piece and the diaphragm is represented by detecting the elastic force when the pressing spring 53 deforms.

With continued reference to fig. 1, the unrolling mechanism 6 includes an unrolling Y-guide rail 61, an unrolling Z-guide rail 62 and an unrolling flap 63 connected in series, the unrolling Y-guide rail 61 being perpendicular to the pressing fingers 55, the unrolling flap 63 being movable along the unrolling Y-guide rail 61 and the unrolling Z-guide rail 62 to unroll and press the severed ends of the pole pieces and membrane. Note that fig. 1 does not show the state after the pole pieces and the diaphragm are unfolded. The pole piece is two-layer, and the diaphragm also is two-layer, and the fashioned order of the two is: pole piece-diaphragm-pole piece-diaphragm. Therefore, when the pole pieces are unfolded by the rewinding mechanism 6, a first pole piece on the upper part and a second pole piece on the lower part are formed, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the second pole piece on the lower part are respectively adhered with a diaphragm.

Specifically, the separating mechanism 7 includes a separating X-direction guide rail 71, a separating Z-direction connecting plate 72, a rotating motor 73, a separating Z-direction telescopic rod 74 and a first vacuum chuck 75, which are connected in sequence, a second vacuum chuck 76 for adsorbing a second pole piece and two layers of diaphragms attached to the second pole piece is further disposed below the second pole piece, and the first vacuum chuck 75 can move along the separating X-direction guide rail 71, rotate along the rotating motor 73, and be driven by the separating Z-direction telescopic rod 74 to expand and contract so as to adsorb the first pole piece. The recycling mechanism 8 comprises a first recycling box 81 and a second recycling box 82, a first pole piece adsorbed by a first vacuum chuck 75 is rotated by a rotating motor 73 for 90 degrees and then discharged into the first recycling box 81, a second pole piece and two layers of diaphragms adsorbed by a second vacuum chuck 76 are still adsorbed on the operation platform 1, then a vacuumizing mechanism connected with the second vacuum chuck 76 is closed, a pressing finger 55 and a reverse rolling baffle 63 are lifted at the same time, so that the second pole piece and the two layers of diaphragms are gathered together by self restoring force, and finally the second pole piece and the two layers of diaphragms are discharged into the second recycling box 82 through the reverse rolling baffle 63, thereby realizing the separation and recycling of the pole pieces.

Specifically, HF waste gas and coating dust generated by volatilization in the lithium battery core package disassembling and separating process are discharged from an air extraction pipeline (not shown in the figure), enter a tail gas treatment mechanism, and are discharged into the atmosphere after being subjected to greening treatment.

The invention also provides a lithium battery core package decomposition method, the lithium battery core package decomposition device is a preferred embodiment of the decomposition method, and specifically, the core package decomposition method comprises the following steps:

s1, clamping the core bag and cutting the pole pieces of the core bag:

clamping the core bag by using a clamping jaw 33 of the clamping mechanism 3, and cutting the pole piece of the core bag by using a cutting knife 45 of the cutting mechanism 4;

s2, pressing one end of the cut pole piece, unfolding the other end of the pole piece and pressing:

one end of the cut pole piece is pressed by a pressing finger 55 of the pressing mechanism 5, and the pole piece is unfolded and the other end of the pole piece is pressed by a rewinding baffle 63 of the rewinding mechanism 6;

s3, adsorbing and separating the unfolded pole piece:

the first and second pole pieces are separated by suction by the first and second

vacuum suction cups

75 and 76 of the separation mechanism 7.

S4, recycling the pole piece after adsorption and separation:

the first and second pole pieces after the adsorption and separation are recovered by the first and

second recovery tanks

81 and 82 of the recovery mechanism 8, respectively.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art based on the foregoing description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lithium battery core pack decomposition device, the core pack comprises a pole piece, characterized in that the core pack decomposition device comprises a clamping mechanism (3) for clamping the core pack, a The cutting mechanism (4) for cutting the pole piece, the pressing mechanism (5) for pressing one end of the cut pole piece, and the rewinding mechanism for unfolding and pressing the other end of the pole piece A mechanism (6) and a separation mechanism (7) for adsorbing and separating the expanded pole pieces.

2 . The lithium battery core pack disassembly device according to claim 1 , further comprising a conveying mechanism ( 2 ) for supplying the core pack, the conveying mechanism ( 2 ) being provided in the clamping mechanism. 3 . (3) and the cutting mechanism (4).

3. The lithium battery core pack decomposition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising a recovery mechanism (8) for recovering the separated pole pieces and a recovery mechanism (8) for processing the core pack decomposition device generated by the core pack decomposition device. Exhaust gas treatment mechanism for exhaust gas and dust.

4. The lithium battery core pack decomposition device according to claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism (3) comprises a clamping X-direction guide rail (31), a clamping Z-direction guide rail (32) and A clamping jaw (33), the clamping jaw (33) is connected with a clamping jaw cylinder (34), the clamping jaw (33) can clamp the core package and can be along the clamping X-direction guide rail (31) and The clamping Z moves towards the guide rail (32).

5 . The lithium battery core pack decomposition device according to claim 1 , wherein the cutting mechanism ( 4 ) comprises a cutting X-direction guide rail ( 41 ), a first cutting connecting plate ( 42 ), and a cutting spring that are connected in sequence. 6 . (43), a second cutting connecting plate (44) and a cutting knife (45), the cutting knife (45) can move along the cutting X-direction guide rail (41), and by judging the deformation amount to cut the pole pieces of the core package.

6. The lithium battery core pack decomposition device according to claim 1, wherein the pressing mechanism (5) comprises a pressing Z-direction guide rail (51) and a first pressing connecting plate (52) connected in sequence. , a compression spring (53), a second compression connecting plate (54) and a compression finger (55), the compression finger (55) can move along the compression Z-direction guide rail (51), and is judged by The amount of deformation of the compression spring (53) is used to compress one end of the cut pole piece.

7. The lithium battery core pack decomposition device according to claim 6, characterized in that, the rewinding mechanism (6) comprises a rewinding Y-direction guide rail (61), a rewinding Z-direction guide rail (62) and A rewinding baffle (63), the rewinding Y-direction guide rail (61) is perpendicular to the pressing finger (55), and the rewinding baffle (63) can follow the rewinding Y-direction guide rail (61) and the rewinding Z-direction guide rail (62) to unfold and compress the other end of the cut pole piece.

8 . The lithium battery core pack decomposition device according to claim 7 , wherein the pole piece is unfolded by the rewinding mechanism (6) to form a first pole piece located at the upper part and a second pole piece located at the lower part. 9 . The separation mechanism (7) includes a separation X-direction guide rail (71), a separation Z-direction connecting plate (72), a rotating motor (73), a separation Z-direction telescopic rod (74) and a first vacuum suction cup (74) connected in sequence. 75), the bottom of the second pole piece is also provided with a second vacuum suction cup (76) for adsorbing the bottom of the expanded core package of the pole piece, and the first vacuum suction cup (75) can be separated along the X-direction guide rail ( 71) Move, rotate along the rotary motor (73), and be driven and retracted by the separation Z-direction telescopic rod (74), so as to adsorb and separate the first pole piece.

9. A lithium battery core pack decomposition method, characterized in that, comprising the following steps:

clamping the core pack and cutting the pole pieces of the core pack;

Compress one end of the cut pole piece, and unfold the other end and compress;

The expanded pole piece is subjected to adsorption separation.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:

The pole pieces after adsorption and separation are recovered.