CN111183936B - A method for preparing a new strain of Hong Kong oyster concave shell by using concave shell virtual index method - Google Patents
A method for preparing a new strain of Hong Kong oyster concave shell by using concave shell virtual index method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 241001207609 Crassostrea hongkongensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000237501 Crassostrea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000548230 Crassostrea angulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091092878 Microsatellite Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003147 molecular marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/40—Fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a new strain of a concave shell of a hong Kong oyster by using a concave shell virtual index method. The method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a basic breeding group of the deep shell type hong Kong oysters; 2) constructing a concave shell virtual index calculation method; 3) carrying out population breeding on each basic breeding population according to a weighted index method to construct F1 generation core breeding populations; 4) screening a certain number of female oysters and male oysters with the highest virtual index values of the eggshells from each core population by using a weighting index method to establish an F2 generation half-sib family; 5) hybridizing parents with the highest aggregation index value to obtain an F3 generation family; 6) f3 from different groups is screened according to the polymerization index value, and the F4 generation family is obtained by the preferred polymerization hybridization; 7) and (3) performing mixed group hybridization on the family of the F4 generation by using truncation breeding (10% selection pressure selection and combined parent) to obtain the family of the F5 generation, and then performing subculture breeding to obtain the new strain of the deep shell type hongkong oyster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shellfish breeding in marine agriculture, in particular to a method for preparing a new strain of hong Kong oyster shell by using a shell virtual index method.
Background
Crassostrea hongkongensis (Crassostrea honggkongensis) is a main economic species for coastal culture in south China, and the Crassostrea hongkongensis is liked to live in places with fresh water injection near river mouths or nearby, is mainly distributed in places such as Guangdong, Guangxi and the like, has annual output of more than 170 million tons and output value of 300 million yuan (annual book of fishery in China, 2019). Compared with other oyster varieties, the hong Kong oyster has the main value of being fleshy and delicious, and has the market value far higher than that of other oyster varieties, and is deeply favored by consumers in some countries such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Macao, southeast Asia (Zhanghuan et al, 2012).
The crassostrea hongkongensis has nearly thousand years of cultivation history in China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hongkong and Australia, and all the seedlings in the industry in the past are obtained naturally, then cultivated on the sea, and harvested and listed after reaching the commodity specification. However, the long-term utilization of wild population natural seedlings has many problems, such as germplasm degeneration, lack of utilization and protection of germplasm resources, inability to respond to market demands, and the like. Therefore, the development of the improved variety cultivation of the oysters is of great significance.
Overseas, in the fifth and sixties of the last century, the american oysters were seriously injured by the monospore disease of niemann (MSX), and doctor Haskin, a university of Rutgers, and the like, successfully bred a new strain of MSX-resistant oysters through continuous efforts. The oyster has greatly reduced MSX infection rate and death rate. There are many cases of the destructive attack of some parasitic diseases on the local oyster cultivation industry due to the poor disease resistance and stress resistance reported abroad, but most of them can be solved by a method for improving the quality by artificial breeding (Urreson & Andrews, 1988; Haskin & Andrews, 1988; Ragon Calvo, 2003). In addition, in 1968, Wilde in Frank of Maryland in America, successfully cultured a rapid growth line 'Wilde strain' by artificially breeding the rapid growth line, and the oyster offspring can reach the commodity specification in about 6 months under the optimal growth condition, so that the growth speed is greatly improved. In recent years, a large amount of manual breeding work is also done in China, and the series of golden-shell oysters and black-shell oysters are successful cases. Compared with pacific oysters, Fujian oysters and the like, the hong Kong oysters have higher value, but the shell type regularity of the hong Kong oysters is very poor, and the market requires new oyster varieties with regular shell type and high meat yield. At present, a new strain cultivation method of the shell oyster is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a new strain of the concave shell of the hong Kong oyster by using a concave shell virtual index method.
A method for preparing a new strain of the concave shell of the hong Kong oyster by using a concave shell virtual index method comprises the following steps: 1) establishing a basic breeding group of the deep shell type hong Kong oysters; 2) constructing a concave shell virtual index calculation method (the obtained value is a concave shell virtual index value); 3) carrying out colony breeding on each basic breeding colony according to a weighted index method (a fast-growing coefficient is used as a weighted reference index to weight the concave shell virtual index, and the obtained score is a weighted index value) to construct an F1 generation core breeding colony; 4) screening a certain number of female and male oysters with the highest virtual index values of the concave shells from each core breeding population by using a weighted index method to establish an F2 generation half sib family; 5) using a polymerization index value (the polymerization index value is defined as: the sum of the weighted indices of excellent families from different population sources) to obtain the family of generation F3; 6) f3 from different groups is screened according to the polymerization index value, and the F4 generation family is obtained by the preferred polymerization hybridization; 7) and (3) performing mixed group hybridization on the family of the F4 generation by using truncation breeding (10% selection pressure selection and combined parent) to obtain the family of the F5 generation, and then performing subculture breeding to obtain the new strain of the deep shell type hongkong oyster.
Preferably, the method for preparing the new strain of the concave shell of the hong Kong oyster by using the concave shell virtual index method comprises the following steps of:
(1) establishing a basic population of the deep shell oyster: analyzing the population genetic structure characteristics by applying a population genetics technical means to divide the distribution region of the hong Kong oyster into a Guangdong west population A and B, a Guangdong population C, a Guangxi population D, a Fujian population E and a Hainan population F, respectively selecting a proper amount of individuals of 2-3 ages from the populations, and respectively establishing corresponding basic breeding populations;
(2) constructing a concave shell virtual index calculation method, wherein the concave shell is virtually (full weight g-double shell weight g) ÷ right shell weight g;
(3) weighting the concave shell virtual index by taking a fast-growing coefficient as a weight reference index from each basic breeding population according to a weighted index method, wherein the fast-growing coefficient is the growth speed of a shell height as a growth index, firstly calculating a weighted index score, and then carrying out population breeding at 10% selection pressure to construct 6 core breeding populations corresponding to the F1 generation;
(4) screening 10 females and 5 males with the highest concave shell virtual index value from each core breeding population by using a weighted index method, establishing 10 half-sib families, establishing 6 multiplied by 10 to 60 families in total, obtaining 60 half-sib families in the F2 generation, and respectively naming A1 and A2 … A10; b1, B2 … … B10; c1, C2 … … C10; d1, D2 … … D10; e1, E2 … … E10; f1, F2 … … F10;
(5) selecting F2 with excellent phenotype by using the aggregate index value, namely the sum of weighted indexes of excellent families from different population sources, and carrying out aggregate hybridization combination among populations to obtain 60F 3 generation aggregate families, namely A hybrid F: AF-1, AF-2 … … AF-20; b, hybridization E: BE-1, BE-2 … … BE-20; c, hybridization D: CD-1, CD-2 … … CD-20;
(6) f3 from different groups is selected according to the aggregation index values, and the optimal aggregation hybridization is performed again to obtain 60 family lines of the F4 generation, namely AF and BE hybridization: AFBE-1, AFBE-2 … … AFBE-20; hybridization of AF to CD: AFCD-1, AFCD-2 … … AFCD-20; the hybridization of BE with CD is BECD-1, BECD-2 … … BECD-20;
(7) and respectively obtaining 20 individuals from the F4 generation family by selecting a 10% maximum value through truncation breeding, mating the obtained individuals as parent mixed groups by using a total of 20 multiplied by 60 to 1200, obtaining an F5 generation family, and then carrying out subculture breeding to obtain the new deep concave shell type hongkong oyster strain.
The crassostrea hongkongensis in the step (1) is prepared by respectively selecting 1000 individuals with 2-3 ages from the populations A-F to establish 6 corresponding basic breeding populations.
The weighting index method in the step (3) is a comprehensive weighting index method of a fast-growing coefficient and a concave shell virtual index, and specifically, the natural logarithm InX of the fast-growing coefficient X, the weighting coefficient 0.2, the natural logarithm InY of the concave shell virtual index value Y, and the weighting coefficient 0.8 are used for calculation, and finally the polymerization index value is 0.2 × InX +0.8 × InY.
And the fast-growing coefficient X is calculated according to the measurement size of the shell height.
Other management and operation processes are the same as those of the conventional methods and are necessary for successful breeding, but the application is not required, so that the description is not provided herein.
The invention simplifies the simulation of the volume mathematical calculation method of the irregular form of the oyster shell, quantifies the concave-convex characteristics of the shell through virtual numerical values, then combines the shell height increase of the rapid growth breeding with the concave-convex virtual values to carry out each item weighting, determines the top value (highest value) of the comprehensive index, and then obtains the new strain of the deep concave shell type hongkong oyster through the polymerization breeding mode.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be better understood by those skilled in the art from the following examples. The examples are described only to illustrate the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention as detailed in the claims.
Example 1
A method for preparing a new strain of the concave shell of the hong Kong oyster by using a concave shell virtual index method comprises the following steps:
1. establishing a basic population of the deep shell oyster: after the genetic structure characteristics of the population are analyzed by using a microsatellite molecular marker technology, the main distribution areas of the hong Kong oysters are divided into Yuexi populations (Jiangmen), Yuexi populations (Zhanjiang), Yudong populations (Shantou), Guangxi populations (Qinzhou), Fujian populations (Dongshan) and Hainan populations (Wanning), 1000 individuals of 2-3 ages are respectively selected from the populations, and 6 basic breeding populations are constructed.
2. And (3) constructing a concave shell virtual index calculation method, wherein the concave shell virtual index is (full weight g-double shell weight g) ÷ right shell weight g.
3. Weighting the concave shell virtual index by taking a fast-growing coefficient as a weight reference index from each basic breeding population according to a weighted index method, wherein the fast-growing coefficient is the growth speed of the shell height as a growth index, firstly calculating a weighted index score, and then carrying out population breeding at the selection pressure of 10% to construct 6 core breeding populations corresponding to the F1 generation. A weighting exponential method of a fast-growing coefficient and a concave shell virtual index is designed, wherein the natural logarithm of the fast-growing coefficient X (the size is measured according to the shell height is mm), namely InX, and the weighting coefficient is 0.2; and the natural logarithm (InY) of the concave shell virtual index value Y, the weight coefficient is 0.8, and finally the aggregation index value is 0.2 × InX +0.8 × InY.
4. Screening 10 females and 5 males with the highest concave shell virtual index value from each core breeding population by using a weighted index method, establishing 10 half-sib families, establishing 6 multiplied by 10 to 60 families in total, obtaining 60 half-sib families in the F2 generation, and respectively naming A1 and A2 … … A10; b1, B2 … … B10; c1, C2 … … C10; d1, D2 … … D10; e1, E2 … … E10; f1, F2 … … F10.
5. F2 with excellent phenotype is selected by using a polymerization index value (the polymerization index value is defined as the sum of weighted indexes of excellent families from different population sources) to carry out inter-population polymerization hybridization combination to obtain 60F 3 generation polymerization families, which are respectively A hybridization F: AF-1, AF-2 … … AF-20; b, hybridization E: BE-1, BE-2 … … BE-20; c, hybridization D: CD-1, CD-2 … … CD-20.
6. F3 from different groups is selected according to the aggregation index values, and the optimal aggregation hybridization is performed again to obtain 60 family lines of the F4 generation, namely AF and BE hybridization: AFBE-1, AFBE-2 … … AFBE-20; hybridization of AF to CD: AFCD-1, AFCD-2 … … AFCD-20; BE hybridized with CD to BECD-1, BECD-2 … … BECD-20.
7. And respectively obtaining 20 individuals from the F4 generation family by selecting a 10% maximum value through truncation breeding, mating the obtained individuals as parent mixed groups by using a total of 20 multiplied by 60 to 1200, obtaining an F5 generation family, and then carrying out subculture breeding to obtain the new deep concave shell type hongkong oyster strain.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing a new strain of the concave shell of a hong Kong oyster by using a concave shell virtual index method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a basic population of the deep shell oyster: analyzing the population genetic structure characteristics by applying a population genetics technical means to divide the distribution region of the hong Kong oyster into a Guangdong west population A and B, a Guangdong population C, a Guangxi population D, a Fujian population E and a Hainan population F, respectively selecting a proper amount of individuals of 2-3 ages from the populations, and respectively establishing corresponding basic breeding populations;
(2) constructing a concave shell virtual index calculation method, wherein the concave shell virtual index is (full weight g-double shell weight g) ÷ right shell weight g;
(3) weighting the concave shell virtual index by taking a fast-growing coefficient as a weight reference index from each basic breeding population according to a weighted index method, wherein the fast-growing coefficient is the growth speed taking the shell height as a growth index, firstly calculating a weighted index score, and then carrying out population breeding at the selection pressure of 10% to construct 6 core breeding populations corresponding to the F1 generation;
the weighting index method is a comprehensive weighting index of a fast-growing coefficient and a concave shell virtual index, and specifically comprises the following steps of calculating a natural logarithm InX of a fast-growing coefficient X, a weighting coefficient 0.2, a natural logarithm InY of a concave shell virtual index Y, and a weighting coefficient 0.8, and finally calculating a polymerization index: 0.2 × InX +0.8 × InY;
(4) screening 10 females and 5 males with the highest aggregation index from each core breeding population by using a weighted index method, establishing 10 half-sib families, establishing 6 multiplied by 10 to 60 families in total, obtaining 60 half-sib families in the F2 generation, and respectively naming A1 and A2 … A10; b1, B2 … … B10; c1, C2 … … C10; d1, D2 … … D10; e1, E2 … … E10; f1, F2 … … F10;
(5) by utilizing the aggregation indexes of excellent families from different population sources, F2 with excellent phenotype is selected to carry out inter-population aggregation hybridization combination to obtain 60F 3 generation aggregation families, which are respectively A hybridization F: AF-1, AF-2 … … AF-20; b, hybridization E: BE-1, BE-2 … … BE-20; c, hybridization D: CD-1, CD-2 … … CD-20;
(6) f3 from different population sources is screened according to the polymerization indexes, and 60 families of the F4 generation are obtained by preferential polymerization hybridization again, namely hybridization of AF and BE: AFBE-1, AFBE-2 … … AFBE-20; hybridization of AF to CD: AFCD-1, AFCD-2 … … AFCD-20; the hybridization of BE with CD is BECD-1, BECD-2 … … BECD-20;
(7) and respectively obtaining 20 individuals from the F4 generation family by selecting a 10% maximum value through truncation breeding, mating the obtained individuals as parent mixed groups by using a total of 20 multiplied by 60 to 1200, obtaining an F5 generation family, and then carrying out subculture breeding to obtain the new deep concave shell type hongkong oyster strain.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the crassostrea hongkongensis is selected from the group consisting of the populations A to F, wherein 1000 individuals of 2 to 3 ages are selected from the group in step (1) to establish 6 basic breeding populations.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fast growth coefficient X is calculated according to shell height measurement.
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