[go: up one dir, main page]

CN111173098A - A combined bedpan - Google Patents

A combined bedpan Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111173098A
CN111173098A CN202010099238.XA CN202010099238A CN111173098A CN 111173098 A CN111173098 A CN 111173098A CN 202010099238 A CN202010099238 A CN 202010099238A CN 111173098 A CN111173098 A CN 111173098A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
basin body
combined
converter
bedpan
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010099238.XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈士虎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN202010099238.XA priority Critical patent/CN111173098A/en
Publication of CN111173098A publication Critical patent/CN111173098A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03DWATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/02Water-closet bowls ; Bowls with a double odour seal optionally with provisions for a good siphonic action; siphons as part of the bowl
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03DWATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/02Water-closet bowls ; Bowls with a double odour seal optionally with provisions for a good siphonic action; siphons as part of the bowl
    • E03D11/04Bowls of flat shape with only slightly inclined bottom ; Squat-type closets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03DWATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/13Parts or details of bowls; Special adaptations of pipe joints or couplings for use with bowls, e.g. provisions in bowl construction preventing backflow of waste-water from the bowl in the flushing pipe or cistern, provisions for a secondary flushing, for noise-reducing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03DWATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03DWATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D9/00Sanitary or other accessories for lavatories ; Devices for cleaning or disinfecting the toilet room or the toilet bowl; Devices for eliminating smells
    • E03D9/08Devices in the bowl producing upwardly-directed sprays; Modifications of the bowl for use with such devices ; Bidets; Combinations of bowls with urinals or bidets; Hot-air or other devices mounted in or on the bowl, urinal or bidet for cleaning or disinfecting
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03DWATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D2201/00Details and methods of use for water closets and urinals not otherwise provided for
    • E03D2201/40Devices for distribution of flush water inside the bowl

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种一种组合式便盆,包括:盆体、脚踏面板以及冲水道;其中,所述盆体为预埋于地面下凹型的结构体,盆体的出水口与排污管联通;所述脚踏面板安装于预埋的盆体上,与盆体自由组合拆卸,所述脚踏面板用于提供脚踏空间;所述冲水道设有用于冲洗盆体的水路通道,所述冲水道集成于盆体或脚踏面板内;或者,所述冲水道安装于盆体或脚踏面板内,与盆体或脚踏面板自由组合拆卸。本发明具有制程更可控,功能更丰富,转换模式更方便的优点。

Figure 202010099238

The invention provides a combined bedpan, comprising: a basin body, a foot panel and a flushing channel; wherein, the basin body is a concave structure pre-buried on the ground, and a water outlet of the basin body communicates with a sewage pipe; The pedal panel is installed on the pre-embedded basin body, and can be freely combined with the basin body for disassembly. The pedal panel is used to provide a foot pedal space; the flushing channel is provided with a water channel for flushing the The water channel is integrated in the basin body or the pedal panel; or, the flushing channel is installed in the basin body or the pedal panel, and can be freely combined and disassembled with the basin body or the pedal panel. The invention has the advantages of more controllable manufacturing process, more abundant functions, and more convenient switching mode.

Figure 202010099238

Description

Combined bed pan
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field related to sanitary appliances for toilets, in particular to a combined bedpan.
Background
The toilet bowl is an essential sanitary ware in life. In terms of usage, the toilet can be roughly divided into a squat type toilet (hereinafter referred to as a toilet) and a sitting type toilet (hereinafter referred to as a toilet). Eastern people are often used to use bedpans, and other people are often used to use toilets. With frequent communication among the eastern and western people, the using habit of the toilet bowl is changed, the western people find the squatting type defecation easier, the eastern people feel the sitting type defecation more labor-saving, particularly, the old people feel more labourious in the squatting type defecation process, and the toilet bowl mode is more suitable.
The bedpan has evolved from original simple and crude pit lavatory, has the recessed basin body of wash port/delivery port in from simple and easy one, slowly changes to the modern bedpan of integral type that has integrateed water inlet, towards the water course, the wash port, the trap, and delivery port, pedal position. Because of the advantages of long service life, easy cleaning, low manufacturing cost and the like, most ceramic products are available on the market.
The integrated bedpan on the market now has following shortcoming and defect:
1. the integrated ceramic bed pan has the advantages that the size of the integrated ceramic bed pan is large, the structure is complex, the thickness of the basin body is uneven, the contraction coefficients of the basin body are inconsistent in the firing process, the edges and the surfaces of the finished basin body are easy to deform, the phenomena such as uneven edges, unevenness and the like occur, and the reject ratio is high; after the device is installed, the phenomena of inconsistent sizes of the basin body and the floor tile, wet and slippery accumulated water on the surface of the bedpan and the like can occur, the attractiveness and the use safety are affected, and meanwhile, the cleaning difficulty is also improved.
2. The material and the style are monotonous, and the function is single.
3. After one of a bedpan and a closestool is installed during decoration, when various reasons are changed, the conversion period is long and the project is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a combined bedpan by combining the prior art and starting from practical application, and the combined bedpan has the advantages of more controllable process, more abundant functions and more convenient mode conversion.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a modular potty, comprising: the basin body, the pedal panel and the water flushing channel;
the flowerpot body is a structure body which is embedded in the ground and is concave, and a water outlet of the flowerpot body is communicated with a drain pipe;
the pedal panel is arranged on the pre-embedded pot body and is freely combined and disassembled with the pot body, and the pedal panel is used for providing a pedal space;
the flushing channel is provided with a waterway channel for flushing the basin body and is integrated in the basin body or the pedal panel;
or the flushing channel is arranged in the basin body or the pedal panel and is freely combined and detached with the basin body or the pedal panel.
Further, the device also comprises a converter;
the converter is installed on the pre-buried basin body, and is dismantled with the basin body independent assortment, be equipped with sewer pipe in the converter, sewer pipe and the delivery port UNICOM of the basin body, the converter is used for installing the closestool.
Furthermore, a combined structure body or a tabling position is reserved among the basin body, the water flushing channel and the pedal panel.
Furthermore, the water channel is also provided with a waterway channel for washing the human body.
Furthermore, a spray head is arranged in the flushing channel, and the spray head can be detached and adjusted.
Furthermore, electronic elements can be integrated in the flushing channel and/or the pedal panel.
Furthermore, a mutually combined structure body or a tabling position is reserved between the pot body and the converter.
Furthermore, the bottom of the converter is embedded in the inner wall of the pot body, after the converter is installed, the pot body with the concave part is filled to be in the same plane with the ground, and meanwhile, the water outlet of the pot body extends to the ground through a sewer pipe.
Further, electronic components may be integrated within the converter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention takes the squatting pan as the basis, and separates the integrated bedpan into a plurality of independent parts which can be combined, such as a pan body, a flushing channel, a pedal panel and the like; meanwhile, a combined converter is added, the squatting pan can be formed after the basin body, the flushing channel and the pedal panel are combined, the converter is installed after the flushing channel and the pedal panel are removed, and the closestool can be installed on the converter; the simple and fast conversion between the structures of the squatting pan and the closestool is easy to carry out.
2. The basin body after separation is an inner part, and after structures such as a water flushing channel, a pedal position and the like are removed, the basin body has smaller volume and simpler structure, and improves the processing difficulty, such as the deformation problem in the firing process; meanwhile, as an internal part, the technology emphasizes functions, the appearance requirement is reduced, and the yield is improved again.
3. The flushing channel of the invention is produced and manufactured independently and then is installed on other parts, the flushing channel is produced independently, the manufacturing process is more controllable, the flushing function can be more diversified, the spraying position can be accurately adjusted through the arranged nozzle which can be freely detached and adjusted, for example, the water channels for the excrement and the urine and the water channels for flushing the body after the excrement are mutually independent, and meanwhile, electronic elements can be integrally installed.
4. The pedal panel of the invention can be integrated with electronic elements to realize the functions of weighing, cleaning body after defecation, drying and the like, the pedal panel after separation is an appearance piece, and the materials of the pedal panel can be diversified, such as: the pedal position is made of various materials or material combinations such as ceramics, stone, metal, plastic, wood and the like, so that the friction coefficient is enhanced to prevent slipping, meanwhile, the color and the appearance style of the panel are more diversified, and the matching of various use scenes and indoor styles is facilitated; the production and processing modes of the pedal panel are more diversified, the process controllability is high, and the errors of finished product parameters and design parameters are smaller.
5. The converter can integrate electronic elements to realize functions of weighing and the like, the sunken pot body is filled to be on the same plane with the ground after the converter is installed, the water outlet of the pot body extends to the ground, and the closestool can be installed on the converter; meanwhile, a floor drain can be installed at a sewer port on the converter, the converter can convert the sewer port into an independent sewer function, and a sealing cover can be installed to stop using.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the squatting pan of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the toilet assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the squatting pan in a top view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the squatting pan in the main viewing state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembled toilet bowl in a top view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the toilet bowl according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 to 6 are schematic views of the combined bedpan according to the present invention.
In the invention, the integral bedpan is separated into a plurality of independent parts which can be combined based on the squatting bedpan, and the independent parts mainly comprise a bedpan body 1, a flushing channel 2, a pedal panel 3 and the like. While adding a transducer 4 that can be combined with the bowl 1. The basin body 1, the flushing channel 2, the pedal panel 3 and the converter 4 can be freely combined or separated; the basin body 1, the flushing channel 2, the pedal panel 3 and the converter 4 are reserved with mutually combined structural bodies or embedded positions.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when the squatting pan is formed by the structure of the invention, the combination of the pan body 1, the flushing channel 2 and the pedal panel 3 is used to form the squatting pan combination structure shown in fig. 1. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, when the toilet bowl structure is formed by the structure of the present invention, the toilet bowl assembly shown in FIG. 2 is formed by separating the toilet bowl 2 and the step panel 3, installing the converter 4, forming the converter 4 and the bowl 1 into the assembly structure A, and then installing the toilet bowl 5 on the converter 4.
In a specific structure of the present invention:
a pot body 1: a structure body which is pre-embedded in the underground concave shape during decoration, and the water outlet is communicated with a sewage discharge pipe.
The basin body 1 is freely combined and disassembled with the flushing channel 2, the squatting pedal panel 3 and the converter 4. The basin body 1 is the inner part after the separation, after removing structures such as wash water course 2, pedal position, the volume is littleer, and the structure is simpler, improves the processing procedure degree of difficulty, if fire the process deformation problem. Meanwhile, as an internal part, the technology emphasizes functions, the appearance requirement is reduced, and the yield is improved again.
A water flushing channel 2: the waterway channel for flushing the bedpan or the waterway channel for flushing the human body after defecating can be integrated with electronic elements. The whole flushing channel 2 is annular, a spray head is arranged in the flushing channel, and the spray head can be freely detached and adjusted.
The flushing channel 2 is produced separately and then mounted on other parts. The device is independent in production, controllable in manufacturing process, diversified in washing function and capable of accurately adjusting the spraying position. Such as the water channels for defecating and urinating and the water channels for flushing the body after defecating are mutually independent.
Squatting pedal panel 3: is arranged on the pre-embedded pot body 1 and is freely combined and disassembled with the pot body 1. Can collect electronic elements to realize the functions of weighing, cleaning body after defecation, drying and the like.
The pedal panel 3 is the outward appearance piece after the separation, and its material can be diversified, if: the pedal position is made of various materials or material combinations such as ceramics, stone, metal, plastic, wood and the like, so that the friction coefficient is enhanced to prevent slipping, meanwhile, the color and the appearance style of the panel are more diversified, and the matching of various use scenes and indoor styles is facilitated; the production and processing modes of the pedal panel are more diversified, the process controllability is high, and the errors of finished product parameters and design parameters are smaller.
The converter 4: is arranged on the pre-embedded pot body 1, and a sewer pipe is arranged in the converter 4. Can be freely combined and disassembled with the pot body 1. Electronic elements can be integrated to realize functions of weighing and the like.
After the converter 4 is installed, the sunken pot body 1 is filled to be in the same plane with the ground, meanwhile, the water outlet of the pot body 1 extends to the ground, and the closestool 5 can be installed on the converter; meanwhile, a floor drain can be installed at a sewer port on the converter 4, the converter can convert the sewer port into an independent sewer function, and a sealing cover can be installed to stop using.

Claims (9)

1.一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,包括:盆体、脚踏面板以及冲水道;1. A combined bedpan, characterized in that, comprising: a basin body, a foot panel and a flushing channel; 其中,所述盆体为预埋于地面下凹型的结构体,盆体的出水口与排污管联通;Wherein, the basin body is a concave structure pre-buried on the ground, and the water outlet of the basin body is communicated with the sewage pipe; 所述脚踏面板安装于预埋的盆体上,与盆体自由组合拆卸,所述脚踏面板用于提供脚踏空间;The pedal panel is installed on the pre-embedded basin body, and can be freely combined with the basin body to be disassembled, and the pedal panel is used to provide a pedal space; 所述冲水道设有用于冲洗盆体的水路通道,所述冲水道集成于盆体或脚踏面板内;The flushing channel is provided with a water channel for flushing the basin body, and the flushing channel is integrated in the basin body or the pedal panel; 或者,所述冲水道安装于盆体或脚踏面板内,与盆体或脚踏面板自由组合拆卸。Alternatively, the flushing channel is installed in the basin body or the pedal panel, and can be freely combined and disassembled with the basin body or the pedal panel. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,还包括转换器;2. A combined bedpan as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a converter; 所述转换器安装于预埋的盆体上,与盆体自由组合拆卸,所述转换器内设有下水管道,所述下水管道与盆体的出水口联通,所述转换器用于安装马桶。The converter is installed on the pre-embedded basin body, and can be freely assembled and disassembled with the basin body. The converter is provided with a sewer pipe, and the sewer pipe communicates with the water outlet of the basin body, and the converter is used for installing the toilet. 3.如权利要求1所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,所述盆体与冲水道、脚踏面板之间预留有互相组合的结构体或嵌合位。3 . The combined bedpan according to claim 1 , wherein a combined structure or a fitting position is reserved between the basin body, the flushing channel and the foot panel. 4 . 4.如权利要求1所述的如权利要求1所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,所述冲水道还设有用于冲洗人体的水路通道。4 . The combined bedpan according to claim 1 , wherein the flushing channel is further provided with a water channel for flushing the human body. 5 . 5.如权利要求1所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,所述冲水道内设有喷头,所述喷头可拆卸、调整。5 . The combined bedpan of claim 1 , wherein a spray head is provided in the flushing channel, and the spray head is detachable and adjustable. 6 . 6.如权利要求1所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,所述冲水道和/或脚踏面板内可集成电子元件。6 . The combined bedpan according to claim 1 , wherein electronic components can be integrated in the flushing channel and/or the foot panel. 7 . 7.如权利要求2所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,所述盆体与转换器之间预留有相互组合的结构体或嵌合位。7 . The combined bedpan according to claim 2 , wherein a combined structure or a fitting position is reserved between the basin body and the converter. 8 . 8.如权利要求2所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,所述转换器底部嵌合在盆体的内壁,转换器安装后,将凹陷的盆体填合成与地面同一平面,同时把盆体的出水口通过下水管道延伸到地面。8. A combined bedpan according to claim 2, wherein the bottom of the converter is fitted on the inner wall of the basin body, and after the converter is installed, the recessed basin body is filled into the same plane as the ground, and at the same time Extend the water outlet of the basin body to the ground through the sewer pipe. 9.如权利要求2所述的一种组合式便盆,其特征在于,所述转换器内可集成电子元件。9 . The combined bedpan of claim 2 , wherein electronic components can be integrated in the converter. 10 .
CN202010099238.XA 2020-02-18 2020-02-18 A combined bedpan Pending CN111173098A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010099238.XA CN111173098A (en) 2020-02-18 2020-02-18 A combined bedpan

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010099238.XA CN111173098A (en) 2020-02-18 2020-02-18 A combined bedpan

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111173098A true CN111173098A (en) 2020-05-19

Family

ID=70646977

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010099238.XA Pending CN111173098A (en) 2020-02-18 2020-02-18 A combined bedpan

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111173098A (en)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2510554Y (en) * 2001-10-18 2002-09-11 刘淼 Combined detachable squat latrine
JP2009002004A (en) * 2007-06-20 2009-01-08 Inax Corp Western-style water closet
CN201258532Y (en) * 2008-05-24 2009-06-17 杨水常 Split combination closet
CN104042161A (en) * 2014-05-23 2014-09-17 苏州卫生职业技术学院 Device for converting sitting toilet to squatting toilet
CN104594476A (en) * 2015-01-27 2015-05-06 黄振波 Integrated squatting pan
CN108634850A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-12 邵亚辉 A kind of closestool that can switch mutually of squatting
CN211735651U (en) * 2020-02-18 2020-10-23 陈士虎 Combined bed pan

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2510554Y (en) * 2001-10-18 2002-09-11 刘淼 Combined detachable squat latrine
JP2009002004A (en) * 2007-06-20 2009-01-08 Inax Corp Western-style water closet
CN201258532Y (en) * 2008-05-24 2009-06-17 杨水常 Split combination closet
CN104042161A (en) * 2014-05-23 2014-09-17 苏州卫生职业技术学院 Device for converting sitting toilet to squatting toilet
CN104594476A (en) * 2015-01-27 2015-05-06 黄振波 Integrated squatting pan
CN108634850A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-12 邵亚辉 A kind of closestool that can switch mutually of squatting
CN211735651U (en) * 2020-02-18 2020-10-23 陈士虎 Combined bed pan

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6332229B1 (en) Automated flap and cup cleaner water-saving toilet
CN205742453U (en) A kind of novel water-saving splash-proof pedestal pan
CN211735651U (en) Combined bed pan
CN202672315U (en) Anti-spattering, anti-sticking, stink-proof, water-saving and environment-friendly squatting pan and pedestal pan
WO2008136015A2 (en) Splashless european commode with invisibility / w.c. / toilet / sanitary ware and indian floor mounted toilet pan with invisibility
CN111173098A (en) A combined bedpan
CN201092681Y (en) Rotary type squatting-sitting dual-purpose toilet
CN100458029C (en) Integral folding sanitary ware device
CN201459898U (en) Gravity automatic flush urinal
CN105756167A (en) Full-automatic intelligent environment-friendly toilet bowl
US5787517A (en) Standing urinal
CN202577508U (en) Randomly-flushed multifunctional water-saving environmental-friendly toilet stool
KR100989201B1 (en) Flush toilet
CN213741439U (en) Thin-ring squatting pan
CN110984325A (en) Intelligent squatting pan system
CN200999376Y (en) High-efficiency water-saving toilet
CN104783728A (en) Convenient flush toilet
CN2493663Y (en) Foldable multi-purpose pan closet
CN201746916U (en) Quick flushing type water-saving and deodorant pedestal pan
CN212001468U (en) Wall-mounted urinal convenient for vomiting
CN201605644U (en) Anti-overflow closestool
CN210887487U (en) Double-seat closestool
CN101570980A (en) Concealed urinal
WO2017111575A2 (en) Multipurpose flush toilet and portable toilet seat
CN2853934Y (en) Combined toilet

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20200519