CN111165287A - Quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas - Google Patents
Quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111165287A CN111165287A CN202010103586.XA CN202010103586A CN111165287A CN 111165287 A CN111165287 A CN 111165287A CN 202010103586 A CN202010103586 A CN 202010103586A CN 111165287 A CN111165287 A CN 111165287A
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- 240000006162 Chenopodium quinoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000015493 Chenopodium quinoa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N methomyl Chemical compound CNC(=O)O\N=C(/C)SC UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide group Chemical group [C@@H](C)([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]4C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 240000006122 Chenopodium album Species 0.000 description 5
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- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 108010073032 Grain Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012826 global research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000026267 regulation of growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas, which comprises the steps of land preparation, seeding, seedling management, field management and the like; wherein, after land preparation, a film is coated on the planting land; then, sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes in a planting area according to the sowing quantity of 8-12 grains/hole, wherein the distance between the planting holes is 20-40 cm; carrying out twice thinning treatment on the seedlings after emergence of seedlings; finally, proper field management is carried out until the quinoa is mature. By adopting the method, the rate of emergence of the chenopodium quinoa willd can be effectively improved, the lodging rate can be reduced, the final yield can be improved, and the method is suitable for popularization and application in plateau areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quinoa planting, and particularly relates to a quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas.
Background
Quinoa (2 n ═ 4x ═ 36) is an annual dicotyledonous plant of the genus Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodiaceae) of the family Amaranthaceae (Amaranthaceae) family Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodiaceae), native to the region andes mountain in south america. Quinoa is rich in nutritional ingredients such as protein, starch, fat, minerals, vitamins and the like, has the grain protein content of about 7-23%, is rich in eight amino acids necessary for human bodies, and is an excellent protein source for human beings. The fat content of quinoa grains is about 6%, wherein the oleic acid accounts for about 25%, and the linoleic acid accounts for about 50%, so that the quinoa grains are healthy oil. The quinoa starch content is about 60%, the quinoa starch mainly comprises D-xylose and maltose, and the glucose and fructose content is very low, so that the quinoa starch is an ideal food for diabetics. Meanwhile, quinoa is a good source of dietary fiber, polyphenol substances and flavonoid substances, and has the effect of promoting human health. Chenopodium quinoa is regarded as a single grain crop capable of meeting basic nutritional requirements of human bodies by the FAO of the United nations, is recommended to be a full-nutrition food most suitable for human beings, and is set as an international Chenopodium quinoa year in 2013, so that the ancient crop is known again all over the world. In view of its comprehensive nutritional properties, the American space service (NASA) has chenopodium quinoa as an ideal "space food" for outer space. Besides the grains, the tender leaves can be eaten as leaf vegetables, and the whole plant can be used as livestock feed or high-protein silage raw material.
As the nutritive value of quinoa is gradually known by people, quinoa becomes a popular crop for global research. In addition to south america, where they are native, north america, europe, africa, and asia all have different scale growths. The research of the Chinese quinoa starts late, but develops rapidly, and has jumped to become the third large-yield area of the global quinoa. Chenopodium quinoa was successfully introduced for the first time in 1987 by Tibet farming-grazing college, and large-scale planting of chenopodium quinoa was first developed in 2012 by Shanxi province. In recent years, introduction and breeding research in China are developed rapidly, and a series of varieties such as Long Chenopodium album, Zhongli Chenopodium album, Gongzha, Mongolian Chenopodium album, Jinli Chenopodium album and the like are bred, so that the method plays an important role in Chenopodium album production in China. In 2019, the cultivation area of quinoa in China is about 25 ten thousand mu, and the total yield is about 3-4 ten thousand tons. The main planting areas include Qinghai, inner Mongolia, Gansu, Yunnan, Shanxi, Hebei and Jilin. In addition, the provinces and cities such as Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Chongqing and Sichuan develop demonstration or small-scale planting.
At present, quinoa is mainly in the stages of seed testing and small-scale production testing in Sichuan province, areas in which seed testing is successful mainly include Liangshan, Panzhihua city, Ganzui and Abao, but related reports are few. The state of the Abam is in the east of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the climate in the environment is cool, the sunlight is sufficient, and the Chenopodium quinoa cultivation technology is suitable for developing the Chenopodium quinoa cultivation, but the research of the Chenopodium quinoa cultivation technology is lacked.
The crop cultivation means that according to the growth and development, yield and quality formation rule of crops and the relation between the rule and the environmental conditions, the production activities of high yield, high quality, high efficiency and sustainable development of the crops are realized through ways of cultivation management, growth regulation, optimization decision and the like. Crop cultivation is the most basic and important component of agricultural production. In the process of improving the crop yield in China, the proportion occupied by the improved cultivation measures is more than 60%, and the method makes outstanding contribution to solving the problem of food safety in China. Crop production is a combined process of natural reproduction and economic reproduction, and has strict regionality.
The chenopodium quinoa has a certain development prospect due to the excellent nutritional characteristics, and development of chenopodium quinoa planting has positive significance for development of characteristic agriculture in plateau areas, so that a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method of the novel coarse cereal crop needs to be researched. The method is characterized in that seed treatment, planting density and field management are main components in the planting technology, and a proper seed treatment, planting density and field management measure is provided in the patent so as to achieve the purpose of high-yield and high-efficiency planting of the quinoa.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas so as to achieve the purpose of improving the quinoa planting yield of the plateau areas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the quinoa planting method suitable for the plateau area comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting land blocks with flat terrain in the area range with the altitude of 2500-2800 m, uniformly spreading farmyard organic fertilizer on the surfaces of the land blocks according to the using amount of 0.5-0.7 ton/mu, ploughing and raking the land, then establishing a planting area, and covering a mulching film on the planting area;
(2) sowing: digging planting holes in the mulching film, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 20-40 cm; then sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 8-12 grains/hole, wherein the sowing depth is 2-5 cm;
(3) seedling stage management: spraying a seedling strengthening agent for diluting 1500 times of liquid once every 6-8 days after sowing, and spraying for 2-3 times in total; after the seeds emerge and grow to 5-7 cm, thinning once, and leaving 2-4 seedlings;
(4) field management: after the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, carrying out secondary thinning, and leaving 2 strong seedlings; then 0.05 wt% of mepiquat chloride or 1000 times of cycocel is sprayed in the branch stage of chenopodium quinoa, then irrigation is carried out once in the flowering stage, and 1500 times of 20% of methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% of trifluralin aqua are applied along with water during irrigation.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the plowing depth in the step (1) is 15-18 cm.
Further, the length of the cell set in the step (1) is 8-10 m, and the width is 1-2 m.
Further, the farmyard organic fertilizer is cow dung or a mixed fertilizer of the cow dung and the weeds after composting.
Further, the distance between planting holes is 30 cm.
Further, the quinoa seed pretreatment method in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting full and harmless quinoa seeds by a flotation method;
s2: uniformly mixing the selected quinoa seeds with a seed dressing agent according to a mass ratio of 10: 3-5, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
1-3 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2-4 parts of gibberellin, 18-20 parts of activated carbon, 5-7 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 25-30 parts of attapulgite;
s3: sealing the quinoa seeds after seed dressing, and refrigerating for 10-12 h at 4-6 ℃; and finishing the pretreatment of the quinoa seeds.
Further, the germination promoter is brassinolide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the planting density is controlled by setting the planting area, the seeds are pretreated, the ground surface is covered with the film to promote the seeds to germinate, the mepiquat chloride is sprayed to prevent plants from lodging, the rate of emergence of the chenopodium quinoa in the plateau area during planting can be obviously improved, the lodging rate of chenopodium quinoa seedlings is reduced, and the higher yield of the chenopodium quinoa in the plateau environment is ensured.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example one
A quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land with flat terrain in Russian village (elevation about 2600m) of Markang, Alba, Sichuan province for quinoa planting, wherein the planting area is 10 mu; the selected plot soil is sandy loam, the pH value is 8.1, the organic matter is 69.7g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 254mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 67.8mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 280 mg/kg. After a planting plot is determined, uniformly spreading cow dung on the surface of the plot according to the using amount of 0.5 ton/mu, and ploughing and harrowing the land with the ploughing depth of 15 cm; then, a planting area with the length of 8m and the width of 2m is established, and a mulching film is covered on the planting area.
(2) Sowing: digging planting holes on the mulching film, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 30 cm; then sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 10 grains/hole, wherein the sowing depth is about 2 cm; the quinoa seed pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting full and harmless quinoa seeds by a flotation method;
s2: uniformly mixing the selected quinoa seeds with a seed dressing agent according to a mass ratio of 10:4, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 3 parts of gibberellin, 20 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 28 parts of attapulgite;
s3: sealing the quinoa seeds after seed dressing, and refrigerating for 10h at 4 ℃; and finishing the pretreatment of the quinoa seeds.
(3) Seedling stage management: spraying a seedling strengthening agent for diluting 1500 times of liquid once every 7 days after sowing, and spraying for 2-3 times in total; after the seeds emerge and grow to 5-7 cm, thinning once, and leaving 2-4 seedlings.
(4) Field management: after the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, carrying out secondary thinning, and leaving 2 strong seedlings; then 0.05% mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the branch period of the chenopodium quinoa, then irrigation is carried out once in the flowering period, and 1500 times of 20% methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% trifluralin aqueous solution are applied along with water during irrigation.
Example two
A quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land with flat terrain in Russian village (elevation about 2600m) of Markang, Alba, Sichuan province for quinoa planting, wherein the planting area is 10 mu; the selected plot soil is sandy loam, the pH value is 8.1, the organic matter is 69.7g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 254mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 67.8mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 280 mg/kg. After a planting plot is determined, uniformly spreading mixed fertilizer obtained by composting cow dung and weeds on the surface of the plot according to the using amount of 0.6 ton/mu, and ploughing and harrowing the land with the ploughing depth of 18 cm; then, a planting area with the length of 8m and the width of 2m is established, and a mulching film is covered on the planting area; the mixed fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
s1: cutting the weeds harvested in the field into grass sections with the length of about 10 cm;
s2: mixing the grass segments and cow dung according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-3, adding a nitrogen fertilizer accounting for about 2% of the total mass of the mixture, uniformly mixing, piling the mixture into small piles with the height of about 1m, covering the small piles with a film, and piling for about 30 days to obtain the mixed fertilizer.
(2) Sowing: digging planting holes in the mulching film, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 40 cm; then sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 10 grains/hole, wherein the sowing depth is about 4 cm; the quinoa seed pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting full and harmless quinoa seeds by a flotation method;
s2: uniformly mixing the selected quinoa seeds with a seed dressing agent according to a mass ratio of 10:3, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 4 parts of gibberellin, 18 parts of activated carbon, 7 parts of potassium chloride, 1 part of zinc sulfate and 30 parts of attapulgite;
s3: sealing the quinoa seeds after seed dressing, and refrigerating for 10h at 5 ℃; and finishing the pretreatment of the quinoa seeds.
(3) Seedling stage management: spraying a seedling strengthening agent for diluting 1500 times of liquid once every 7 days after sowing, and spraying for 2-3 times in total; after the seeds emerge and grow to 5-7 cm, thinning once, and leaving 2-4 seedlings;
(4) field management: after the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, carrying out secondary thinning, and leaving 2 strong seedlings; then 1000 times of cycocel is sprayed in the branch period of the chenopodium quinoa, then irrigation is carried out once in the flowering period, and 1500 times of 20% methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% trifluralin aqueous solution are applied along with water during irrigation.
EXAMPLE III
A quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land with flat terrain in Russian village (elevation about 2600m) of Markang, Alba, Sichuan province for quinoa planting, wherein the planting area is 10 mu; the selected plot soil is sandy loam, the pH value is 8.1, the organic matter is 69.7g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 254mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 67.8mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 280 mg/kg. After a planting plot is determined, uniformly spreading cow dung on the surface of the plot according to the using amount of 0.7 ton/mu, and ploughing and harrowing the land to the depth of 18 cm; then, a planting area with the length of 8m and the width of 2m is established, and a mulching film is covered on the planting area.
(2) Sowing: digging planting holes in the mulching film, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 20 cm; then sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 10 grains/hole, wherein the sowing depth is about 2 cm; the quinoa seed pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting full and harmless quinoa seeds by a flotation method;
s2: uniformly mixing the selected quinoa seeds with a seed dressing agent according to a mass ratio of 10:5, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
3 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2 parts of gibberellin, 20 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 25 parts of attapulgite;
s3: sealing the quinoa seeds after seed dressing, and refrigerating for 12h at 4 ℃; and finishing the pretreatment of the quinoa seeds.
(3) Seedling stage management: spraying a seedling strengthening agent for diluting 1500 times of liquid once every 7 days after sowing, and spraying for 2-3 times in total; after the seeds emerge and grow to 5-7 cm, thinning once, and leaving 2-4 seedlings;
(4) field management: after the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, carrying out secondary thinning, and leaving 2 strong seedlings; then 0.05% mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the branch period of chenopodium quinoa, then irrigation is carried out once in the flowering period, and 1500 times of 20% methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% trifluralin aqueous solution are applied along with water during irrigation
Comparative example 1
A chenopodium quinoa planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land with flat terrain in Russian village (elevation about 2600m) of Markang, Alba, Sichuan province for quinoa planting, wherein the planting area is 10 mu; the selected plot soil is sandy loam, the pH value is 8.1, the organic matter is 69.7g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 254mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 67.8mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 280 mg/kg. After the planting plots are determined, uniformly spreading cow dung on the surfaces of the plots according to the using amount of 0.7 ton/mu, and ploughing and harrowing the lands to the depth of 18 cm.
(2) Sowing: digging planting pits on the ploughed land, wherein the distance between every two planting pits is 30 cm; then sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 10 grains/hole, wherein the sowing depth is about 2 cm; the quinoa seed pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting full and harmless quinoa seeds by a flotation method;
s2: uniformly mixing the selected quinoa seeds with a seed dressing agent according to a mass ratio of 10:4, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 3 parts of gibberellin, 20 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 28 parts of attapulgite;
s3: sealing the quinoa seeds after seed dressing, and refrigerating for 10h at 4 ℃; and finishing the pretreatment of the quinoa seeds.
(3) Seedling stage management: spraying a seedling strengthening agent for diluting 1500 times of liquid once every 7 days after sowing, and spraying for 2-3 times in total; after the seeds emerge and grow to 5-7 cm, thinning once, and leaving 2-4 seedlings.
(4) Field management: after the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, carrying out secondary thinning, and leaving 2 strong seedlings; then 0.05% mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the branch period of the chenopodium quinoa, then irrigation is carried out once in the flowering period, and 1500 times of 20% methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% trifluralin aqueous solution are applied along with water during irrigation.
Comparative example No. two
A chenopodium quinoa planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land with flat terrain in Russian village (elevation about 2600m) of Markang, Alba, Sichuan province for quinoa planting, wherein the planting area is 10 mu; the selected plot soil is sandy loam, the pH value is 8.1, the organic matter is 69.7g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 254mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 67.8mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 280 mg/kg. After a planting plot is determined, uniformly spreading cow dung on the surface of the plot according to the using amount of 0.5 ton/mu, and ploughing and harrowing the land with the ploughing depth of 15 cm; then, a planting area with the length of 8m and the width of 2m is established, and a mulching film is covered on the planting area.
(2) Sowing: digging planting holes on the mulching film, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 30 cm; then, the quinoa seeds are sown into the planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 10 grains/hole, and the sowing depth is about 2 cm.
(3) Seedling stage management: spraying a seedling strengthening agent for diluting 1500 times of liquid once every 7 days after sowing, and spraying for 2-3 times in total; after the seeds emerge and grow to 5-7 cm, thinning once, and leaving 2-4 seedlings.
(4) Field management: after the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, carrying out secondary thinning, and leaving 2 strong seedlings; then 0.05% mepiquat chloride is sprayed in the branch period of the chenopodium quinoa, then irrigation is carried out once in the flowering period, and 1500 times of 20% methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% trifluralin aqueous solution are applied along with water during irrigation.
Comparative example No. three
A chenopodium quinoa planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land with flat terrain in Russian village (elevation about 2600m) of Markang, Alba, Sichuan province for quinoa planting, wherein the planting area is 10 mu; the selected plot soil is sandy loam, the pH value is 8.1, the organic matter is 69.7g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 254mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 67.8mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 280 mg/kg. After a planting plot is determined, uniformly spreading cow dung on the surface of the plot according to the using amount of 0.5 ton/mu, and ploughing and harrowing the land with the ploughing depth of 15 cm; then, a planting area with the length of 8m and the width of 2m is established, and a mulching film is covered on the planting area.
(2) Sowing: digging planting holes on the mulching film, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 30 cm; then sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 2 grains/hole, wherein the sowing depth is about 2 cm; the quinoa seed pretreatment method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting full and harmless quinoa seeds by a flotation method;
s2: uniformly mixing the selected quinoa seeds with a seed dressing agent according to a mass ratio of 10:4, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 3 parts of gibberellin, 20 parts of activated carbon, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 28 parts of attapulgite;
s3: sealing the quinoa seeds after seed dressing, and refrigerating for 10h at 4 ℃; and finishing the pretreatment of the quinoa seeds.
(3) And (3) post-period management: irrigating once in the seedling emergence stage, the flowering stage and the irrigation stage of the chenopodium quinoa, and applying 1500 times of 20% methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% trifluralin aqueous solution along with water during irrigation.
Analysis of results
The rate of emergence, the lodging rate and the yield per mu of chenopodium quinoa in the examples and the comparative examples were counted, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 rate of emergence, lodging rate and mu yield (kg/mu) of chenopodium quinoa
As can be seen from Table 1, when the quinoa is planted by the method disclosed by the invention, the higher emergence rate and the lower lodging rate of quinoa seeds are kept, and finally, the yield of quinoa is greatly improved (about 120 kg/mu of yield by the conventional method) compared with that by the conventional planting method, so that the method disclosed by the invention is suitable for popularization in plateau areas.
Compared with the first embodiment, the first embodiment has the advantages that the planting plot is not arranged in the plot, the surface of the plot is not covered with the film, the emergence rate is lower than that of the first embodiment, and the lodging rate is remarkably higher than that of the first embodiment, because the film has the heat preservation and moisture preservation functions, the emergence of the chenopodium quinoa seeds can be promoted, and seedlings after emergence can be protected from lodging.
Compared with the first embodiment, the second embodiment has the advantages that the seeds are not pretreated, the emergence rate is obviously lower than that of the first embodiment, and the lodging rate is obviously higher than that of the first embodiment, because the vitality of the seeds is enhanced after pretreatment, the seeds can better adapt to plateau climate, and seedlings after emergence are stronger, can resist strong wind in plateau environment and are not easy to lodging.
Compared with the first example, the quinoa is completely allowed to grow freely without field management, and the yield is lower than that of the first example although the quinoa has higher emergence rate and lower lodging rate, so that the field management mode provided by the invention has a promotion effect on the improvement of the quinoa yield in the plateau area.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should not be construed as limited to the scope of the patent. Various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without inventive step within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting land blocks with flat terrain in the area range with the altitude of 2500-2800 m, uniformly spreading farmyard organic fertilizer on the surfaces of the land blocks according to the using amount of 0.5-0.7 ton/mu, ploughing and raking the land, then establishing a planting area, and covering a mulching film on the planting area;
(2) sowing: digging planting holes in the mulching film, wherein the distance between every two planting holes is 20-40 cm; then sowing the preprocessed quinoa seeds into planting holes according to the sowing quantity of 8-12 grains/hole, wherein the sowing depth is 2-5 cm;
(3) seedling stage management: spraying a seedling strengthening agent for diluting 1500 times of liquid once every 6-8 days after sowing, and spraying for 2-3 times in total; after the seeds emerge and grow to 5-7 cm, thinning once, and leaving 2-4 seedlings;
(4) field management: after the seedlings grow to 6-8 leaves, carrying out secondary thinning, and leaving 2 strong seedlings; then 0.05 wt% of mepiquat chloride or 1000 times of cycocel is sprayed in the branch stage of chenopodium quinoa, then irrigation is carried out once in the flowering stage, and 1500 times of 20% of methomyl missible oil and 1000 times of 1% of trifluralin aqua are applied along with water during irrigation.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the plowing depth in the step (1) is 15-18 cm.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the planting area set in the step (1) is 8-10 m long and 1-2 m wide.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the farmyard organic fertilizer is cow dung or a mixed fertilizer formed by cow dung and weeds.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the spacing between the planting holes is 30 cm.
6. The growing method of claim 1, wherein the step (2) of quinoa seed pretreatment comprises the steps of:
s1: selecting full and harmless quinoa seeds by a flotation method;
s2: uniformly mixing the selected quinoa seeds with a seed dressing agent according to a mass ratio of 10: 3-5, wherein the seed dressing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass:
1-3 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2-4 parts of gibberellin, 18-20 parts of activated carbon, 5-7 parts of potassium chloride, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 25-30 parts of attapulgite;
s3: sealing the quinoa seeds after seed dressing, and refrigerating for 10-12 h at 4-6 ℃; and finishing the pretreatment of the quinoa seeds.
7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein: the germination accelerant is brassinolide.
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