CN111118295A - 一种冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺 - Google Patents
一种冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，A：将冶炼尾渣进行破碎后用空气射流的方式送入等离子体气化熔融炉进行高温处理，产生的有害气体通过回收系统进行回收；冶炼尾渣进入高频炉进行恒温后进入水槽急冷，再经过电磁选矿机选出铁精矿粉，电磁分选后的冶炼尾渣经真空脱水机脱水后送入矿浆电解槽，根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液提取金属；经过盐液矿浆电解金属富集后通过电解分选把金属逐一电沉分离为单一金属经真空脱水机脱水后药液回用，分选后的尾矿经真空脱水机脱水后药液回用，尾矿干燥后送入另一套等离子体气化熔融炉进行氧化处理，通过烟尘分离器分离，烟气通过空气净化系统净化后排放，非金属氧化物为建材产品销售。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域，涉及一种工冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺。
背景技术
以往铜冶炼尾渣、铅锌冶炼尾渣及其他金属冶炼尾渣中的有价金属回收基本都使用高能耗的回转窑、矿热炉进行火法贫化、高温氧化、高温还原、浮选、重选等工艺处理冶炼尾渣都存在能耗高，回收率低等种种原因，致使冶炼尾渣得不到很好的回收和综合治理，占用大量的土地露天堆放，渣中的重金属对环境造成极大的影响。因此研发一种冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺具有重要价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺。
本发明的目的是这样实现的，包括以下步骤：
A：将冶炼尾渣进行破碎后用空气射流的方式送入等离子体气化熔融炉进行高温处理，高温处理时产生的有害气体通过回收系统进行回收；
B：根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液进行矿浆电解提取金属；
C：经步骤B进行矿浆电解后的尾矿经真空脱水机脱水后药液回用，再经热风干燥塔干燥后送入另一套等离子体气化熔融炉进行氧化处理，通过烟尘分离器分离，烟气通过空气净化系统净化后排放，分离出来的非金属氧化物为建材产品销售。
本发明采用等离子体气化熔融炉对冶炼尾渣进行裂解处理，利用电化学从冶炼尾渣中提取有价金属。替代了传统高能耗的回转窑、矿热炉等炉窑。矿浆电解由于在一个装置中完成了矿石的浸出、部分溶液净化和金属电解沉积等过程，和传统湿法冶金相比，流程大大缩短，其结果是投资节省、操作简化、人员减少和成本下降，并提高了金属回收率。本工艺流程中等离子体以空气为载体，由电子激发产生等离子体，等离子体中心温度大于T10000K（9700多度），金属和非金属物质瞬间被融化，利用特殊的技术手段把大于T10000K的温度扩散成可用于冶金工业上。因为它是用电来激发空气中的大量化学活性粒子，如原子（C、H、O）原子团（HO、H2、O2），离子（O2-、H-2、OH-、O-、H+）电子等，由空气裂解产生能量，有关实验证明，等离子体能量高达250MW/l立方米，能量密度105W /cm,故用电量很少。等离子体能耗成本是燃煤、燃油、燃气的15%-20%。
附图说明
图1为本发明工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明，但不得以任何方式对本发明加以限制，基于本发明教导所作的任何变更或改进，均属于本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，本发明包括以下步骤：A：将冶炼尾渣进行破碎后用空气射流的方式送入等离子体气化熔融炉进行高温处理，高温处理时产生的有害气体通过回收系统进行回收；
B：根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液进行矿浆电解提取金属；
C：经步骤B进行矿浆电解后的尾矿经真空脱水机脱水后药液回用，再经热风干燥塔干燥后送入另一套等离子体气化熔融炉进行氧化处理，通过烟尘分离器分离，烟气通过空气净化系统净化后排放，分离出来的非金属氧化物为建材产品销售。
步骤B 中根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液进行矿浆电解提取金属的过程中金属富集后根据不同的金属性质再次调配电解液通过电解分选把金属逐一电沉分离为单一金属经真空脱水机脱水后药液回用。
经过A步骤处理的冶炼尾渣进入高频炉进行恒温后进入水槽急冷，再经过可调磁场的电磁选矿机进行电磁分选，电磁分选后的冶炼尾渣经真空脱水机脱水后送入矿浆电解槽。
步骤A中破碎过程分为两步，第一步先通过锤式破碎机进行先破碎，再通过电磁把块状铁分选出来再送入雷蒙磨进行粉碎，以免损坏雷蒙磨机，粒度磨至0.1-0.076mm。
步骤A中等离子体气化熔融炉进行高温处理时等离子体中心温度≥9700℃。
高频炉进行恒温时的温度控制在850~950℃。
步骤B中根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液进行矿浆电解时，电解液为氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、氯化铁、氯化锂、硫酸钠、硫酸铵、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾等的溶液。
实施例1
昆明市某冶炼厂冶炼渣中含铁29%，铜0.6。通过本工艺进行试验，经本工艺等离子体高温裂解水淬后细磨，经电磁选铁的品位达65%,回收率达95%。铜经本工艺等离子体高温氧化裂解后用矿浆电解法，以碳酸铵为电解质，200克/升一步电解出金属铜，回收率达90%。
实施例2
四川成都某冶炼厂冶炼灰中含氧化锌30%，氧化铅8%。利用本工艺进行提取，经本工艺等离子体高温氧化后用矿浆电解法，以氢氧化钠100克/升作电解液一步电解出海绵金属锌粉，回收率达99%，电解液沉淀出铅泥，通过高频炉还原成金属，回收率达97%。
实施例3
四川大梁山某铜矿山弃渣含氧化铜1.2%，含三氧化二铁33%。弃渣细磨后用高温等离体氧化处理进行矿浆电解法，用硫酸铵150克/升一步电解出金属铜，回收率达99%，三氧化二铁用高温等离子体处理水淬转化成四氧化三铁细磨后经电磁分选得65%铁精矿，回收率达98%。
Claims (7)
1.一种冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
A：将冶炼尾渣进行破碎后用空气射流的方式送入等离子体气化熔融炉进行高温处理，高温处理时产生的有害气体通过回收系统进行回收；
B：根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液进行矿浆电解提取金属；
C：经步骤B进行矿浆电解后的尾矿经真空脱水机脱水后药液回用，再经热风干燥塔干燥后送入另一套等离子体气化熔融炉进行氧化处理，通过烟尘分离器分离，烟气通过空气净化系统净化后排放，分离出来的非金属氧化物为建材产品销售。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，其特征在于步骤B中根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液进行矿浆电解提取金属的过程中金属富集后根据不同的金属性质再次调配电解液通过电解分选把金属逐一电沉分离为单一金属经真空脱水机脱水后药液回用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，其特征在于经过A步骤处理的冶炼尾渣进入高频炉进行恒温后进入水槽急冷，再经过可调磁场的电磁选矿机进行电磁分选，电磁分选后的冶炼尾渣经真空脱水机脱水后送入矿浆电解槽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，其特征在于步骤A中破碎过程分为两步，第一步先通过锤式破碎机进行先破碎，再通过电磁把块状铁分选出来再送入雷蒙磨进行粉碎，以免损坏雷蒙磨机，粒度磨至0.1-0.076mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，其特征在于步骤
A中等离子体气化熔融炉进行高温处理时等离子体中心温度≥9700℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，其特征在于高频炉进行恒温时的温度控制在850~950℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的冶炼尾渣等离子体转化综合回收环保工艺，其特征在于步骤B中根据不同的金属矿物进行调配电解液进行矿浆电解时，电解液为氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵、氯化铁、氯化锂、硫酸钠、硫酸铵、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾等的溶液。
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