CN111117637A - A kind of desulfurized gypsum-based saline-alkali soil improver composition and its process for improving saline-alkali land - Google Patents
A kind of desulfurized gypsum-based saline-alkali soil improver composition and its process for improving saline-alkali land Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于脱硫石膏的盐碱地改良剂组合物及其用于盐碱地改良的工艺，由以下原料组成：脱硫石膏600～1200份，高分子聚合物类物质40～70份，氨基磺酸50～100份和糖类化合物15～40份；所述高分子聚合物类物质为水解聚丙烯腈铵盐、聚丙烯酰胺和水解聚马来酸酐中的一种或者几种；所述糖类化合物为D‑核糖、D‑果糖和水溶性戊聚糖等中的一种或几种；本发明的盐碱地改良剂组合物较常规的脱硫石膏盐碱地改良剂在进行土壤改良时，土壤理化性质能够得到快速改善，有效降低耕层土壤pH值和碱化度，明显改善土壤结构，提高渗透性，同步改良同步见效，明显缩短了单一脱硫石膏需要3～5年的进度，具有重要的意义。The invention discloses a desulfurized gypsum-based saline-alkali soil improver composition and a process for improving the saline-alkali land, comprising the following raw materials: 600-1200 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 40-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid 50 to 100 parts and 15 to 40 parts of saccharides; the high molecular polymer substances are one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharides The compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan, etc.; the saline-alkali soil conditioner composition of the present invention has better soil physicochemical properties than conventional desulfurization gypsum saline-alkali soil conditioner for soil improvement. The rapid improvement can effectively reduce the pH value and alkalinity of the soil in the plough layer, significantly improve the soil structure, improve the permeability, and achieve simultaneous improvement and synchronization, and significantly shorten the 3-5 years of progress required for a single desulfurization gypsum, which is of great significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum and a process for improving saline-alkali soil by using the same.
Background
The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by adopting the desulfurized gypsum is a common method for chemically improving the saline-alkali soil, can reduce the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil to a certain extent, but has low solubility of the desulfurized gypsum, needs a large amount of water as a medium after being scattered into the soil, has great difficulty in actual operation, and can further increase the salinization of the soil in an area with higher underground water level;
after the desulfurized gypsum is applied to soil and watered, carbonate and bicarbonate radicals in the soil solution and calcium ions dissolved out from the desulfurized gypsum can quickly react to produce calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate with lower solubility, so that the dissolution of the desulfurized gypsum is promoted, but the dissolution of the desulfurized gypsum tends to be normal after the carbonate and bicarbonate radicals in the soil solution are completely consumed along with the reaction; however, the calcium ions dissolved out by the desulfurized gypsum are used for exchanging sodium ions on soil colloid, so that the start of changing the soil structure and reducing the alkalization degree of the soil is realized; because the soil colloid itself is the solid, it is little in addition to desulfurization gypsum solubility, the calcium ion is little with the contact surface of soil colloid, therefore the exchange reaction carries out slowly, saline and alkaline soil particle is tiny and disperse in addition, has also prevented the reaction to the deep extension of soil, this improvement process that has also restricted desulfurization gypsum, consequently, how improve soil structure, increase the permeability of soil, the solubility that increases desulfurization gypsum is the problem that awaits the solution when utilizing desulfurization gypsum to carry out saline and alkaline land improvement urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor soil permeability and low solubility of desulfurized gypsum in soil in the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement by utilizing desulfurized gypsum, and provides a saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum and a process for improving saline-alkali soil by utilizing the saline-alkali soil improver composition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600-1200 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 40-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 50-100 parts of sulfamic acid and 15-40 parts of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan.
Preferably, the feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700-900 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 60-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 85-95 parts of sulfamic acid and 20-30 parts of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan.
Preferably, the high molecular polymer substance is hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, and the saccharide substance is D-ribose.
The invention also comprises a process for using the saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum for improving the saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
①, scattering half of the total weight of the desulfurization gypsum to the saline-alkali soil, carrying out rotary tillage once, deeply ploughing for one time by 25cm, scattering the rest desulfurization gypsum to the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage once, wherein the weight of the desulfurization gypsum is 600-1200 parts;
② irrigating water according to the amount of 40-60 square/mu, when the ground can support the machine and rotary tillage is carried out, uniformly spreading the molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid and saccharide compounds on the soil surface by manpower, and carrying out rotary tillage;
wherein the broadcast application amounts of the high molecular polymer substances, the sulfamic acid and the carbohydrate compounds are respectively as follows by weight: 40-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 50-100 parts of sulfamic acid and 20-40 parts of carbohydrate;
the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan;
③ irrigating water according to the amount of 20-40 square/mu, and carrying out rotary tillage once when the ground can support the machine.
The preferable process for saline-alkali soil improvement is that the irrigation mode in the step ② is micro-spray irrigation.
Preferably, in the step ②, the method comprises the steps of irrigating for half an hour by a micro-spray mode, dissolving the high molecular polymer substances and sulfamic acid in water, applying the mixture to the land through micro-spray irrigation equipment along with irrigation water, dissolving the saccharide compounds in water, and applying the mixture to the land through the micro-spray irrigation equipment along with the irrigation water, wherein the irrigation water consumption is 40-60 square/mu.
The optimized process for improving the saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum in the step ① is calculated according to soil detection data, the specific operation is that the saline-alkali soil is sampled and detected, the dosage of the desulfurization gypsum is converted into equivalent calcium ions according to the sum of the contents of carbonate, bicarbonate and exchangeable sodium ions in the detection data, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
X＝(a+b*2+c)/2*0.25*666*1350/100*172/1000/80％；
wherein X is the dosage of desulfurization gypsum/kg in saline-alkali soil per mu, a is the content of exchangeable sodium ions/cmol/kg, b is the content of carbonate ions/cmol/kg, c is the content of bicarbonate ions/cmol/kg, and 0.25X 666 is the volume of 25cm soil layer/m per mu of land31350 weight/kg/m of soil per unit volume3100 is the coefficient of converting cmol into mol, 172 is the molecular weight of the main component calcium sulfate dihydrate of the desulfurized gypsum, 1000 is the coefficient of converting g into kg, and 80 percent is the content of the main component calcium sulfate of the desulfurized gypsum.
A preferable process for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the step ②, wherein the broadcasting application amount of the molecular polymer substances, the sulfamic acid and the carbohydrate compounds is calculated according to the soil mass of the plough layer depth, the high molecular polymer substances are calculated according to 0.03% of the soil mass, the sulfamic acid is calculated according to 0.04% of the soil mass, the carbohydrate compounds are calculated according to 0.01% of the soil mass, and the plough layer depth is 20-25 cm.
The preferable process for improving the saline-alkali soil has the plough layer depth of 25 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum, all components are matched with each other after being applied to soil, the desulfurized gypsum is quickly dissolved under the conditions of micro acid, ammonium solution and complexation created by high-molecular polymer substances and sulfamic acid improving components, and dissolved calcium ions quickly permeate into the whole plough layer in a channel formed by the action of the high-molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid and saccharide compounds and play a role in improving the whole plough layer; on the other hand, the high molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid and carbohydrate form soil aggregates to adsorb salt ions in partial soil solution, so that the osmotic pressure of the soil solution is reduced, good ventilation and water permeation conditions are provided for the soil of the whole plough layer, and the normal growth of crops is ensured.
The saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum can increase the solubility of the desulfurized gypsum, utilizes the characteristic that the desulfurized gypsum is dissolved in acid and ammonium salt, and utilizes the complexing agent to store dissolved calcium ions, thereby providing a calcium ion dissolving environment and a calcium ion storage environment for saline-alkali soil improvement; compared with the conventional desulfurized gypsum saline-alkali soil conditioner, the saline-alkali soil conditioner composition disclosed by the invention has the advantages that when the soil is improved, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be rapidly improved, the pH value and the alkalization degree of the plough layer soil are effectively reduced, the soil structure is obviously improved, the permeability is improved, the synchronous improvement and synchronous effect are realized, the progress of 3-5 years for single desulfurized gypsum is obviously shortened, and the saline-alkali soil conditioner composition has important significance.
Wherein the high molecular polymer substance and the sulfamic acid provide local ammonium salt solution environment and acid environment for dissolving the desulfurized gypsum, and are the manufacturing conditions for dissolving the desulfurized gypsum; on one hand, sulfamic acid can provide higher acidity, and also can provide a stable existing environment for an ammonium salt solution formed in a soil solution, so that the dissolution of the desulfurized gypsum is increased; on the other hand, sulfamic acid can carry out complex reaction with calcium ions and complex with dissolved calcium ions which are not rapidly reacted, thereby playing a role in storing the calcium ions and supplementing the calcium ions for subsequent improvement in time;
the high molecular polymer substances in the saline-alkali soil improver composition have strong polymerization effect, can effectively gather fine particles dispersed in plough layer soil into large particles, and increase the permeability of the soil, so that other components in the improver can reach and act on a lower soil layer, and the whole saline-alkali soil improver can achieve a good improvement effect;
the carbohydrate in the saline-alkali soil improver composition has strong adhesive property, plasticizing property and water-retaining property, can promote the aggregation of soil microparticles, digest alkali components in soil and promote the curing of saline-alkali soil; the water retention property of the soil conditioner can not only slow down the loss of the existing water in the soil, but also absorb the water in the air when the soil is dry, thereby providing a more lasting medium function for the continuous play of the soil conditioner; in addition, the carbohydrate can provide nutrients for the rapid propagation of soil microorganisms, activate indigenous bacteria and contribute to the rapid establishment of soil micro-ecological environment.
The saline-alkali soil improvement process disclosed by the invention does not need special machinery in operation, is low in water consumption and higher in practicability, and is suitable for improvement of various saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum and a process for improving saline-alkali soil by using the saline-alkali soil improver composition, which are realized by the following technical scheme:
a saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600-1200 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 40-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 50-100 parts of sulfamic acid and 15-40 parts of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan.
The composite material is preferably prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700-900 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 60-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 85-95 parts of sulfamic acid and 20-30 parts of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan.
Preferably, the high molecular polymer substance is hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, and the saccharide substance is D-ribose. The preferable D-ribose can digest alkali components in soil, form arabinose with stronger adhesiveness, promote the curing of saline-alkali soil, and is one of energy sources for the rapid propagation of soil microorganisms, thereby being beneficial to the rapid establishment of soil micro-ecological environment;
the invention also comprises a process for using the saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum for improving the saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
①, scattering half of the total weight of the desulfurization gypsum to the saline-alkali soil, carrying out rotary tillage once, deeply ploughing for one time by 25cm, scattering the rest desulfurization gypsum to the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage once, wherein the weight of the desulfurization gypsum is 600-1200 parts;
② irrigating water according to the amount of 40-60 square/mu, when the ground can support the machine and rotary tillage is carried out, uniformly spreading the molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid and saccharide compounds on the soil surface by manpower, and carrying out rotary tillage;
wherein the broadcast application amounts of the high molecular polymer substances, the sulfamic acid and the carbohydrate compounds are respectively as follows by weight: 40-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 50-100 parts of sulfamic acid and 20-40 parts of carbohydrate;
the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan;
③ irrigation water according to the amount of 20-40 square/mu, rotary tillage once when the ground can support the machine, and prevention of salt return on the soil surface.
During irrigation, the ground is preferably free from runoff, the ground is smooth, the runoff is not generated, the continuous irrigation can be realized, the runoff can be generated, and the intermittent irrigation can be realized until the irrigation is sufficient. When the saline-alkali soil improvement process is used, the local actual conditions are considered, the multiple factors such as the local soil saline-alkali conditions and saline-alkali causes are integrated, and auxiliary physical improvement measures are matched: generally, saline and alkaline caused by the fact that the buried depth of underground water is smaller than a critical water level needs to be subjected to underground water reducing measures before saline and alkaline improvement, local low-lying saline and alkaline caused by unsmooth drainage need to be subjected to physical improvement measures such as cutting off surface catchment runoff, excavating drainage channels, damaging water-resisting layers and the like before saline and alkaline land improvement.
The preferable saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum is used for the saline-alkali soil improvement process, and the irrigation mode in the step ② is micro-spray irrigation.
A preferable saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum is used for a saline-alkali soil improvement process, and the step ② is that firstly, micro-spraying is carried out for half an hour, then, high polymer substances and sulfamic acid are dissolved in water, the mixture is applied to a land parcel along with irrigation water through micro-spray irrigation equipment, then, saccharide compounds are dissolved in the water, the mixture is applied to the land parcel along with the irrigation water through the micro-spray irrigation equipment, and the irrigation amount is 40-60 square/mu.
The preferable saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum is used for the saline-alkali soil improvement process, the dosage of the desulfurized gypsum in the step ① is calculated according to soil detection data, the specific operation is that the saline-alkali soil is sampled and detected, equivalent calcium ions corresponding to the sum of the contents of carbonate, bicarbonate and exchangeable sodium ions in the detection data are converted into the dosage of the desulfurized gypsum, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
X＝(a+b*2+c)/2*0.25*666*1350/100*172/1000/80％；
wherein X is the dosage of desulfurization gypsum/kg in saline-alkali soil per mu, a is the content of exchangeable sodium ions/cmol/kg, b is the content of carbonate ions/cmol/kg, c is the content of bicarbonate ions/cmol/kg, and 0.25X 666 is the volume of 25cm soil layer/m per mu of land31350 weight/kg/m of soil per unit volume3100 is the coefficient of converting cmol into mol, 172 is the molecular weight of the main component calcium sulfate dihydrate of the desulfurized gypsum, 1000 is the coefficient of converting g into kg, and 80 percent is the content of the main component calcium sulfate of the desulfurized gypsum.
A preferable saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum is used for the saline-alkali soil improvement process, in step ②, the application amount of the high molecular polymer substances, the sulfamic acid and the carbohydrate compounds is calculated according to the soil mass of the plough layer depth, wherein the high molecular polymer substances are calculated according to 0.03% of the soil mass, the sulfamic acid is calculated according to 0.04% of the soil mass, the carbohydrate compounds are calculated according to 0.01% of the soil mass, and the plough layer depth is 20-25 cm.
When the depth of the plough layer is 20cm, the soil mass m1 is 666 × 0.20 × 1350 is 179820 kg;
(0.20X 666 volume of 20cm soil layer/m per mu land31350 weight/kg/m of soil per unit volume3，)
When the depth of the plough layer is 25cm, the soil mass m2 is 666 × 0.25 × 1350 is 224775 kg;
(0.25X 666 volume of 25cm soil layer/m per mu land31350 weight/kg/m of soil per unit volume3，)
The application amount of the high molecular polymer substances is about 54-68 kg/mu; the spreading dosage range of the sulfamic acid is about 72-90 kg/mu; the spreading dosage range of the carbohydrate is about 18-22.5 kg/mu;
further preferred plough depth is 25cm, soil mass m3 ═ 666 × 0.25 × 1350 ═ 224775 kg; the spreading dosage range of the high molecular polymer substances is about 67.5 kg/mu; the spreading dosage range of the sulfamic acid is about 90 kg/mu; the spreading amount of the carbohydrate is about 22.5 kg/mu;
(0.25X 666 volume of 25cm soil layer/m per mu land31350 weight/kg/m of soil per unit volume3)；
The micro-sprinkling irrigation equipment can select micro-sprinkling belts which are laid on the ground according to the spraying width interval, and then the liquid to be sprinkled is mixed into the micro-sprinkling irrigation water by venturi liquid inlet equipment or a pressure pump; the general spray width of the spray belt is 2.5-3m, and the pressure is 1.5-2 atmospheric pressures.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials: 600kg of desulfurized gypsum, 40kg of high molecular polymer substances, 50kg of sulfamic acid and 15kg of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt; the carbohydrate is D-ribose.
Example 2
A saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials: 1200kg of desulfurized gypsum, 70kg of high molecular polymer substances, 100kg of sulfamic acid and 40kg of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is polyacrylamide; the carbohydrate is D-fructose.
Example 3
A saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials: 700kg of desulfurized gypsum, 50kg of high molecular polymer substances, 60kg of sulfamic acid and 20kg of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the carbohydrate is water-soluble pentosan.
Example 4
A saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials: 800kg of desulfurized gypsum, 60kg of high molecular polymer substances, 90kg of sulfamic acid and 30kg of carbohydrate compounds; the high molecular polymer substances are hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt and polyacrylamide according to the weight ratio of 1: 5 in mass ratio; the saccharide compound glycosaminoglycan.
Example 5
A saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials: 900kg of desulfurized gypsum, 45kg of high molecular polymer substances, 85kg of sulfamic acid and 35kg of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substances are hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride according to the weight ratio of 1: 2 in a mass ratio; the carbohydrate is D-ribose and water-soluble pentosan according to the weight ratio of 3: 2 in mass ratio.
Example 6
The saline-alkali soil modifier composition is used for modifying inner Mongolia quasi-Geld saline-alkali soil, and a field is divided into rectangular fields of 120m by 40 m; taking a typical representative soil sample every 10 mu in the field after leveling, detecting a soil layer sample of 0-25cm, and detecting items and results: pH value 9.0, soil total salt content 5g/kg, water soluble carbonate 0.35cmol/kg and bicarbonate ion 1.02cmol/kg, exchange sodium ion 1.61 cmol/kg.
The saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 805 kg/mu of desulfurized gypsum, 54 kg/mu of high molecular polymer substances, 72 kg/mu of sulfamic acid and 18 kg/mu of carbohydrate compounds; the high molecular polymer substance is hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt; the carbohydrate is D-ribose.
The process for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the sodium alginate comprises the following steps:
① spreading half of the total weight of the desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, carrying out rotary tillage once, deeply ploughing for 25cm once, spreading the rest desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage once;
② irrigating water according to 40 square/mu, spreading molecular polymer, sulfamic acid and saccharide on the soil surface by manpower when the ground can support the machine and carry out rotary tillage, and carrying out rotary tillage;
③ irrigation according to the amount of 20 square/mu, irrigation is easy to be done without runoff on the ground, continuous irrigation without runoff is done on flat ground, intermittent irrigation with runoff is done until irrigation is sufficient, and rotary tillage is done once when the ground can support machinery, thus preventing surface layer salt return.
The improved land is planted with the corn daming 309 in the same year, low-ridge film mulching planting is performed according to local habits, other field management is performed according to the local habits, the corn seedling rate reaches 89%, the corn yield reaches 600 kg/mu, the improvement in the same year takes effect, the yield reaches the average yield of the local corn, and the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil is remarkable.
Example 7
The saline-alkali soil modifier composition is used for modifying 100 mu of saline-alkali soil in Jilin white city, and the field is divided into rectangular fields of 80m by 40 m; taking a typical representative soil sample every 10 mu in the field after leveling, detecting a soil layer sample of 0-25cm, and detecting items and results: the pH value is 10.1, the soil total salt content is 4.6g/kg, the water-soluble carbonate is 0.55cmol/kg, the bicarbonate ion content is 1.62cmol/kg, and the exchangeable sodium ion content is 1.51 cmol/kg.
The saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1022 kg/mu of desulfurized gypsum, 60 kg/mu of high molecular polymer substances, 80 kg/mu of sulfamic acid and 30 kg/mu of carbohydrate compounds; the high molecular polymer substance is hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the carbohydrate is D-fructose;
the saline-alkali soil is randomly divided into 2 parts, each part is 50 mu, one part adopts a first process to improve the saline-alkali soil, and the rest adopts a second process to improve the saline-alkali soil, specifically:
the first process comprises the following steps:
① spreading half of the total weight of the desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, carrying out rotary tillage once, deeply ploughing for 25cm once, spreading the rest desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage once;
② irrigating water according to the amount of 40-60 square/mu, when the ground can support the machine and rotary tillage is carried out, uniformly spreading the molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid and saccharide compounds on the soil surface by manpower, and carrying out rotary tillage;
③ irrigating water according to the amount of 20-40 square/mu, and carrying out rotary tillage once when the ground can support the machine.
And a second process:
① spreading half of the total weight of the desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, carrying out rotary tillage once, deeply ploughing for 25cm once, spreading the rest desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage once;
② the method comprises irrigating for half an hour by micro-spraying, dissolving high molecular polymer and sulfamic acid in water, applying to the land by micro-sprinkling irrigation equipment, dissolving saccharide compounds in water, applying to the land by micro-sprinkling irrigation equipment, spreading the micro-sprinkling belt on the ground at intervals, and mixing with the micro-sprinkling irrigation water by Venturi liquid feeding equipment or pressure pump, wherein the spraying width of the general spraying belt is 2.5-3m, and the pressure is 1.5-2 atm)
③ irrigation according to the amount of 20-40 square/mu (micro-spray irrigation or other irrigation methods), irrigation is easy without runoff on the ground, leveling the ground without runoff sustainable irrigation, runoff is generated for intermittent irrigation until sufficient irrigation, and rotary tillage is performed once when the ground can support machinery, so as to prevent surface layer salt return.
Planting the rice pine and japonica 22 in the current year after improvement, planting according to local habits, performing other field management according to the local habits, and enabling the rice yield to reach 390 kg/mu by adopting the first process; the rice yield by the second process reaches 410 kg/mu; the rice yield in the same year is equal to that of the same local variety, and the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil is obvious;
by adopting the microspray irrigation mode of the second process, the high molecular polymer substances, the sulfamic acid and the carbohydrate can be more uniformly dispersed in the saline-alkali soil to play the role, the dispersion degree is less influenced by the terrain, the ground is uniform in wetting degree, and therefore the yield of the paddy rice is higher.
Example 8
Dividing a land block into rectangular land blocks of 120m by 40m according to the saline-alkali soil improvement example of the inner Mongolian soil rightwards flag based on the saline-alkali soil improver composition of the desulfurized gypsum and the application method thereof; taking a typical representative soil sample every 10 mu in the field after leveling, detecting a soil layer sample of 0-25cm, and detecting items and results: the pH value is 9.8, the soil total salt content is 5.6g/kg, the water-soluble carbonate is 0.35cmol/kg, the bicarbonate ion content is 1.22cmol/kg, and the exchangeable sodium ion content is 1.71 cmol/kg.
The saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 877 kg/mu of desulfurized gypsum, 50 kg/mu of high molecular polymer substances, 60 kg/mu of sulfamic acid and 20 kg/mu of carbohydrate compounds; the high molecular polymer substance is composed of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride according to the mass ratio of 4: 1; the saccharide compound is composed of D-ribose and glycosaminoglycan according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
① spreading half of the total weight of the desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, carrying out rotary tillage once, deeply ploughing for 25cm once, spreading the rest desulfurized gypsum on the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage once;
②, carrying out micro-spray irrigation according to the dosage of 60-70 square/mu, specifically, firstly irrigating for half an hour in a micro-spray mode, then dissolving high molecular polymer substances and sulfamic acid in water, applying the water to the land along with irrigation through micro-spray irrigation equipment, then dissolving saccharide compounds in water, applying the water to the land along with irrigation through the micro-spray irrigation equipment, easily irrigating the land without runoff, leveling the land without runoff and continuously irrigating, intermittently irrigating with runoff, and carrying out rotary tillage once when the land can support machinery until the land is sufficiently irrigated, so as to prevent surface layer salt return.
The sunflowers are planted in the improved saline-alkali soil in the current year, the sunflowers are planted according to local habits, other field management is carried out according to the local habits, the seed yield reaches 180 kg/mu, the seed yield of the sunflowers in the current year reaches the local average level, the corn is planted in the second year after improvement, the corn is planted firstly, the corn yield reaches 640 kg/mu and exceeds the local average level (600 kg/mu), and the effect is obvious.
And (3) carrying out effect analysis:
the saline-alkali soil in the embodiments 6 to 8 is typical saline-alkali soil, after the saline-alkali soil conditioner composition based on the desulfurized gypsum is used for improvement, the pH value of a soil layer of 0-25cm is reduced to be below 8.0, the total salt content is also reduced to be below 3g/kg, the local average yield can be achieved by improving crops planted in the same year, the result of mutual matching of the conditioner is mainly benefited, after the conditioner components are applied to the soil, the desulfurized gypsum is quickly dissolved under the conditions of micro acid, ammonium solution and complexing action created by high-molecular polymer substances and sulfamic acid improving components, and the dissolved calcium ions quickly permeate into the whole cultivated layer in a channel formed by the action of the high-molecular polymer substances, the sulfamic acid and saccharide compounds and play a role in improvement; on the other hand, the high molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid and carbohydrate compounds form soil aggregates to adsorb salt ions in partial soil solution, so that the osmotic pressure of the soil solution is reduced, good ventilation and water permeability conditions are provided for the soil of the whole plough layer, and the normal growth of crops is ensured; in addition, the saccharide compounds can also provide nutrients for soil microorganisms to achieve the aim of activating indigenous bacteria, the components of the modifier rapidly improve the property of saline-alkali soil in multiple aspects of physics, chemistry and biology, provide proper soil conditions for crop growth, and can be planted and achieve better planting effect after being modified, which fully shows that the saline-alkali soil modifier composition based on the desulfurized gypsum and the application method thereof can obviously shorten the process of 3-5 years compared with the conventional single desulfurized gypsum, and basically achieve the aim of synchronously modifying and synchronously planting.
The improved continuous cultivation can be realized, and the purpose of planting can be continuously realized, so that the continuous cultivation can be realized by improving once.
The saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum and the application method thereof are fully explained to be superior to the single application method for improving the desulfurized gypsum, the used improver is easy to obtain, no special machinery is required in operation, the practicability is stronger, and the saline-alkali soil improver composition is an ideal choice for effectively and quickly treating the saline-alkali soil.
Claims (9)
1. A saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600-1200 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 40-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 50-100 parts of sulfamic acid and 15-40 parts of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan.
2. The saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum according to claim 1, wherein: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700-900 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 60-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 85-95 parts of sulfamic acid and 20-30 parts of carbohydrate; the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan.
3. The saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum according to claim 1, wherein: the high molecular polymer substance is hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, and the saccharide substance is D-ribose.
4. The process for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
①, scattering half of the total weight of the desulfurization gypsum to the saline-alkali soil, carrying out rotary tillage once, deeply ploughing for one time by 25cm, scattering the rest desulfurization gypsum to the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out rotary tillage once, wherein the weight of the desulfurization gypsum is 600-1200 parts;
② irrigating water according to the amount of 40-60 square/mu, when the ground can support the machine and rotary tillage is carried out, uniformly spreading the molecular polymer substances, sulfamic acid and saccharide compounds on the soil surface by manpower, and carrying out rotary tillage;
wherein the broadcast application amounts of the high molecular polymer substances, the sulfamic acid and the carbohydrate compounds are respectively as follows by weight: 40-70 parts of high molecular polymer substances, 50-100 parts of sulfamic acid and 20-40 parts of carbohydrate;
the high molecular polymer substance is one or more of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile ammonium salt, polyacrylamide and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride; the saccharide compound is one or more of D-ribose, D-fructose, water-soluble pentosan and glycosaminoglycan;
③ irrigating water according to the amount of 20-40 square/mu, and carrying out rotary tillage once when the ground can support the machine.
5. The process for improving saline-alkali soil by using the saline-alkali soil improver composition based on desulfurized gypsum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the irrigation manner in step ② is micro-spray irrigation.
6. The process for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the desulfurized gypsum based saline-alkali soil improver composition is characterized in that the step ② is to firstly irrigate for half an hour by a micro-spraying mode, then dissolve the high molecular polymer substances and the sulfamic acid in water, apply the mixture to the land parcel along with irrigation water by a micro-sprinkling irrigation device, then dissolve the saccharide compounds in the water, apply the mixture to the land parcel along with irrigation water by the micro-sprinkling irrigation device, and the irrigation amount is 40-60 square/mu.
7. The process for improving saline-alkali soil by using the saline-alkali soil improver composition based on the desulfurized gypsum as claimed in claim 4, wherein the usage amount of the desulfurized gypsum in step ① is calculated according to soil detection data, and the specific operation is that the saline-alkali soil is sampled and detected, equivalent calcium ions are converted into the usage amount of the desulfurized gypsum according to the sum of the contents of carbonate, bicarbonate and exchangeable sodium ions in the detection data, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
X＝(a+b*2+c)/2*0.25*666*1350/100*172/1000/80％；
wherein X is the dosage of desulfurization gypsum/kg in saline-alkali soil per mu, a is the content of exchangeable sodium ions/cmol/kg, b is the content of carbonate ions/cmol/kg, c is the content of bicarbonate ions/cmol/kg, and 0.25X 666 is the volume of 25cm soil layer/m per mu of land31350 weight/kg/m of soil per unit volume3100 is the coefficient of converting cmol into mol, 172 is the molecular weight of the main component calcium sulfate dihydrate of the desulfurized gypsum, 1000 is the coefficient of converting g into kg, and 80 percent is the content of the main component calcium sulfate of the desulfurized gypsum.
8. The process for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the desulfurized gypsum based saline-alkali soil improver composition according to claim 4, wherein in the step ②, the spreading amount of the molecular polymer substance, the sulfamic acid and the saccharide compound is calculated according to the soil mass of the plough layer depth, wherein the high molecular polymer substance is calculated according to 0.03% of the soil mass, the sulfamic acid is calculated according to 0.04% of the soil mass, the saccharide compound is calculated according to 0.01% of the soil mass, and the plough layer depth is 20-25 cm.
9. The process for improving saline-alkali soil by using the desulfurized gypsum based saline-alkali soil improver composition according to claim 8, wherein the desulfurized gypsum based saline-alkali soil improver composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the depth of the plough layer is 25 cm.
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