CN111068058A - PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用 - Google Patents
PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了PGC‑1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,涉及医药技术领域,解决了现有技术中针对脓毒症缺乏有效方法和药物的技术问题。本发明提供的PGC‑1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,通过PGC‑1α激活剂可以增强PGC‑1α活性,PGC‑1α活性增强可以直接启动线粒体生成,使线粒体数量增加,同时氧气利用增加,ATP合成增强,能量代谢增强,并抑制过度炎症反应,从而起到治疗脓毒症的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用。
背景技术
2016年2月23日国际危重病医学学会(The Society of Critical CareMedicine,SCCM)与欧洲危重病医学会(European Society of Intensive Care Medicine,ESICM)更新了第二版脓毒症定义(Sepsis 2.0),在《JAMA》发布了《脓毒症及感染性休克定义全球共识(Sepsis 3.0)》,该共识指出:脓毒症是由于严重感染导致机体过度反应而产生的危及生命的多器官功能障碍综合征(Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome,MODS)。这一定义凸显了MODS是脓毒症的最重要病理特征,也是脓毒症导致死亡的决定性因素。
伴随人口老龄化和侵入性医疗手段的增加,全球范围内脓毒症发病率不断上升。由于缺乏救治脓毒症的有效药物,仅在我国严重脓毒症导致住院患者的病死率为33.5%~48.7%,2004年的住院患者平均住院费用高达11390美元,由此造成沉重经济和社会负担。伴随抗氧化剂和免疫抑制药物在脓毒症临床实验中的失败,在历经近50年的脓毒症药物开发后,至今为止没有一种新的脓毒症治疗药物开发成功。而目前临床上普遍采用的机械输氧和组织灌流恢复等方法,并没有产生太多明显的实际效果。
因此,脓毒症一直是当代重症医学研究的主要焦点及难点,探寻治疗脓毒症的有效方法和药物成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的其中一个目的是提出一种PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,解决了现有技术中针对脓毒症缺乏有效方法和药物的技术问题。本发明优选技术方案所能产生的诸多技术效果详见下文阐述。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
本发明提供了PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用。
进一步的,所述的PGC-1α激活剂为PGC-1α直接激活剂和/或PGC-1α间接激活剂。
进一步的,所述的PGC-1α间接激活剂为Nrf-2激活剂。
进一步的,所述的Nrf-2激活剂为Oltipaz、白藜芦醇、姜黄素Curcumin、4-OctylItaconate、Diethylmaleate、TBHQ及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的PGC-1α直接激活剂为ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α激活剂、SIRT1激活剂和AMPK激活剂中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α激活剂为乌头甲碱及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的SIRT1激活剂为SRT3025 HCl、CAY10602、SRT1720 HCl、SRT2104、SRT2183及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的AMPK激活剂为AMPK activator1、A-769662、AICAR、PhenforminHCl、MK-3903、PF-06409577、ETC-1002、GSK621、Adenosine 5'-monophosphatemonohydrate、ex229及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用至少具有如下有益技术效果:
细胞氧气利用障碍、能量代谢低下是MODS的重要特征,本发明提供的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,通过PGC-1α激活剂可以增强PGC-1α活性,PGC-1α活性增强可以直接启动线粒体生成,使线粒体数量增加,同时氧气利用增加,ATP合成增强,能量代谢增强,并抑制过度炎症反应,从而起到治疗脓毒症的效果。
本发明提供的PGC-1α激活剂制备的药物通过如下方式治疗脓毒症:
经典的感染性休克理论认为:因感染和炎症反应引起血流动力学异常,造成组织细胞氧供应不足,导致的能量代谢低下和细胞死亡是MODS发生的关键原因。但研究发现,通过机械输氧即使达到氧输送指标后仍不能降低脓毒症患者病死率;宏观大循环指标恢复后,发生MODS的组织氧代谢障碍仍然存在;发生MODS的组织并没有因微循环障碍而缺氧,组织氧分压甚至随病情恶化而升高,细胞的氧气利用出现障碍;常规血流动力学恢复后,间接反映氧利用障碍和能量代谢低下的指标—乳酸水平没有降低,甚至大幅升高;伴随MODS器官氧利用障碍,组织中ATP水平显著降低,能量代谢低下。以上发现均说明:细胞氧气利用障碍、能量代谢低下才是MODS重要特征。此外,临床尸检结果表明,发生MODS的心、肾组织,细胞死亡和凋亡占细胞总数的比例≤2~3%,细胞死亡和凋亡不是导致MODS的原因;度过危险期的幸存病人,即使再生能力很弱的MODS器官(如心、肾)也能快速功能复苏。据此,可将MODS的特征归纳为:组织供氧充足,氧利用障碍,能量代谢低下,细胞死亡少,幸存者器官可快速复苏的过程性器官生理、生化功能失调。
线粒体是细胞氧气利用(约98%)、营养物质氧化分解、能量物质ATP合成的主要场所。脓毒症造成线粒体严重损伤是氧气利用障碍,能量代谢低下的直接原因。脓毒症一方面可通过严重感染诱导产生的炎症因子和炎症介质直接强烈损伤线粒体,但更为关键的另一方面是脓毒症还会严重抑制下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质轴系统(Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Adrenal axis,HPA)、下丘脑—垂体—甲状腺轴系统(Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroidaxis,HPT)以及交感神经—肾上腺髓质系统(Sympatheticoadreno-Medullary System,SAMS)对PGC-1α—线粒体生成轴(PGC-1α—Mitochondrial Biogenesis Axis,PGC-1α—MBA)的激活作用,抑制脓毒症受损线粒体的数量、质量和功能更新。两种因素的叠加造成脓毒症线粒体严重损伤,进而导致:①抑制氧化磷酸化,在供氧充足条件下出现氧利用障碍、ATP生成减少;②抑制糖有氧氧化,糖不能彻底氧化分解,ATP生成减少、加重高血糖并增加乳酸生成;③抑制脂肪酸β-氧化,ATP生成减少、血液中脂肪酸堆积;④破坏线粒体内、外膜并抑制呼吸链,抑制质子漏效应产热,病人后期出现低体温;⑤线粒体损伤造成呼吸链复合体Ⅰ、Ⅲ抑制,导致线粒体ROS爆发,直接导致细胞氧化应激和炎症体激活;⑥损伤的线粒体参与了固有免疫细胞炎症体组装和激活,促进前期促炎因子IL-1β和IL-18释放,并通过IL-1β和IL-18激活下游信号通路,造成过度炎症反应,进一步造成器官的严重损伤。线粒体损伤所导致的氧利用障碍、ATP生成减少、血糖升高、乳酸升高、脂肪酸堆积、病人后期出现低体温,这些都是脓毒症患者生化代谢紊乱的典型特征;而ATP生成减少,是导致机体能量代谢低下、器官生理功能低下的关键原因;伴随线粒体严重损伤所导致的氧化应激和过度炎症反应是脓毒症MODS显著免疫病理特征。因此脓毒症所造成的线粒体严重损伤,以及因线粒体严重损伤所衍生出的氧气利用障碍、生化代谢紊乱、能量代谢低下、氧化应激、过度炎症反应、器官功能低下等脓毒症典型生化、生理、免疫病理改变,在MODS发展过程中起到关键作用。
由于脓毒症严重抑制了PHA、PHT和SAMS对PGC-1α—MBA的激活作用,从而使机体在脓毒症条件下无法通过激活PGC-1α—MBA快速更新被炎症因子和炎症介质损伤的线粒体。因此,脓毒症严重抑制PHA、PHT和SAMS对PGC-1α-MBA的激活作用是脓毒症导致线粒体损伤的决定性因素,进而导致氧气利用障碍、生化代谢紊乱、能量代谢低下、氧化应激、炎症风暴、器官功能低下等脓毒症MODS典型病理改变。反之,激活PGC-1α-MBA可促进脓毒症受损线粒体更新,进而改善氧气利用障碍、生化代谢紊乱、能量代谢低下、氧化应激、炎症风暴、器官功能低下等病理改变,进而救治脓毒症MODS。
线粒体是能响应机体和细胞能量需求,快速更新的细胞器。机体交感神经系统兴奋,释放的肾上腺素与肾上腺素βs受体(ARβs)结合,通过与ARβs偶联的G蛋白的Gαs(Gαs-GTP)激活腺苷酸环化酶(Adenylate cyclase,AC),AC催化ATP生成环状腺苷酸(cAMP),细胞内cAMP浓度增加。cAMP变构激活蛋白激酶A(PKA),激活后的PKA磷酸化修饰转录因子cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response-element binding protein,CREB),接着CREB启动过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活物-1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1-alpha,PGC-1α)基因表达。PGC-1α活性增强能直接启动线粒体生成,使线粒体数量增加,同时氧气利用增加,ATP合成增强,能量代谢增强。PGC-1α活性还受N-乙酰基转移酶(如:GCN5)乙酰化抑制/沉默调节蛋白(如:sirtuin-1,SIRT1)脱乙酰化激活,受AMP激活蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)磷酸化激活。总活性增强的PGC-1α通过诱导核呼吸因子1(nuclear respiratory factors 1,NRF 1)、核呼吸因子2(nuclear respiratory factors 2,NRF2,也称为GABP)基因表达。进而通过NRF1、NRF2启动一系列线粒体生成相关基因表达(线粒体与细胞核基因,如TFAM等),启动线粒体生成,使线粒体数量增加。
PGC-1α能够协同核因子相关因子2(Nuclear factor,erythroid 2-like 2,Nrf2)启动线粒体抗氧化酶系表达。Nrf 2信号转导系统是细胞抗ROS重要系统之一。Nrf 2可上调磷酸戊糖途径、谷胱甘肽合成和再生酶系、及线粒体抗氧化库中多种酶表达,对维持线粒体抗氧化能力极为重要。在临床和脓毒症动物模型中,PGC-1α协同Nrf 2促进线粒体超氧化物歧化酶-2(SOD-2)的表达,GSH含量增加,可提高动物存活率。因此在脓毒症条件下激活PGC-1α,不但可以促进线粒体生成,快速更新脓毒症受损线粒体;还可通过PGC-1α与Nrf2的协同,提高线粒体抗氧化能力,从而对抗ROS等对线粒体DNA、蛋白质、脂质的氧化损伤,进而提高线粒体质量和功能。
脓毒症发展过程中,严重感染诱导的炎症因子和炎症介质虽然会直接强烈损伤线粒体,但线粒体是可快速更新的细胞器,通过增强PGC-1α活性可直接启动线粒体生成,使线粒体数量增加,同时通过PGC-1α与Nrf 2的协同可增强线粒体抗氧化能力,提高线粒体数量、质量和功能,并且能显著的抑制脓毒症导致的过度炎症反应。
即本发明的ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α激活剂、SIRT1激活剂、AMPK激活剂和Nrf-2激活剂通过直接和/或间接启动PGC-1α基因表达,和/或通过结构调节激活PGC-1α活性。总活性增强的PGC-1α通过诱导核呼吸因子1(nuclear respiratory factors 1,NRF 1)、核呼吸因子2(nuclear respiratory factors 2,NRF2,也称为GABP)基因表达。进而通过NRF1、NRF2启动一系列线粒体生成相关基因表达(线粒体与细胞核基因,如TFAM等),启动线粒体生成,使线粒体数量增加。即PGC-1α活性增强能直接启动线粒体生成,使线粒体数量增加,同时氧气利用增加,ATP合成增强,能量代谢增强,抑制过度炎症反应,从而起到治疗脓毒症的效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠存活期的体温变化对比图;
图2是对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠存活数量变化对比图;
图3是对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠饲料消耗量变化对比图;
图4是对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠对炎症因子抑制情况对比图;
图5是对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠肝脏切片对比图;
图6是对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠肾脏切片对比图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
下面结合实施例1~4和附图1~6对本发明的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用进行详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种PGC-1α直接激活剂。优选的,PGC-1α直接激活剂为SIRT1激活剂。更优选的,SIRT1激活剂为SRT3025 HCl、CAY10602、SRT1720HCl、SRT2104(GSK2245840)、SRT2183及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
如前所述,SIRT1能够催化PGC-1α去乙酰基,从而激活PGC-1α。其中,SRT1720 HCl是SIRT1特异性激活剂。
下面通过如下实验操作过程检验SRT1720 HCl激活剂对脓毒症CLP小鼠的保护作用。
进行实验操作前,KM种小鼠在温度约22℃、湿度40%,每日12h昼/夜循环,无特殊病原菌环境中适应性词养3天,饲养过程中以标准颗粒饲料饲养,小鼠自由饮水、摄食。随机分为对照组和SRT1720 HCl组,每组10只。空白组每天给予腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(含生理盐水+2%二甲亚砜+10%吐温-80),15ul/g体重,连续4天。SRT1720 HCl组每天给予腹腔注射SRT1720 HCl(SRT1720 HCl用2%二甲亚砜、10%吐温-80和88%PBS悬浮),SRT1720 HCl终浓度为7mg/ml,15ul/g体重,连续4天。
4天后用7%水合氯醛溶液(0.5ml/100g)腹腔注射麻醉小鼠。麻醉满意后剃去腹部毛发,用75%酒精棉球擦拭消毒腹部准备手术开创的部位,并铺上无菌洞巾。沿着腹部正中线切开一条约1cm长度的纵行切口,用无菌镊探査腹腔找寻并暴露盲肠。分离肠系膜和盲肠,并把盲肠拉出腹腔,在盲肠远端1/4进行结扎。用21G针头朝着垂直盲肠肠管的方向进行贯穿穿刺,并适当挤压挤出少量肠内容物。用酒精棉球拭净盲肠以避免肠内容物污染腹部创口,然后把结扎穿刺后的盲肠小心还纳腹腔,并逐层缝合关闭腹腔。术后各组小鼠都进行皮下注射生理盐水(0.03ml/g),补充丢失的体液。将其置于笼中直至麻醉苏醒。
对照组在行CLP术后,每8h给予一次腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。SRT1720 HCl组在行CLP术后每8h给予1次腹腔注射7mg/ml SRT1720 HCl(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。监测对照组和SRT1720 HCl组小鼠的存活情况,实验结果如下表1所示。
表1对照组和SRT1720 HCl组小鼠的存活情况表
从表1可知,相比于对照组,SRT1720 HCl组小鼠的生存周期延长、存活率更高,说明SRT1720 HCl对脓毒症小鼠具有一定的保护作用。
从实验结果可以看出,SRT1720 HCl对脓毒症小鼠具有良好保护作用。SRT1720HCl通过激活SIRT1,并通过促进PGC-1α脱乙酰化进而激活PGC-1α。随着PGC-1α激活并协同Nrf2,显著减轻了脓毒症导致的线粒体损伤,降低了脓毒症导致的炎症因子风暴,实现最终延缓死亡时间,提高了生存率的效果。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种PGC-1α直接激活剂。优选的,PGC-1α直接激活剂为ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α激活剂。更优选的,ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α激活剂为乌头甲碱及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
乌头甲碱是从中药附子中提取的天然ARβ2受体激活剂,能通过前述ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α途径促进PGC-1α表达。
下面通过如下实验操作过程检验乌头甲碱激活剂对脓毒症CLP小鼠的保护作用。
进行实验操作前,KM种小鼠在温度约22℃、湿度40%,每日12h昼/夜循环,无特殊病原菌环境中适应性词养3天,饲养过程中以标准颗粒饲料饲养,小鼠自由饮水、摄食。随机分为对照组和乌头甲碱组,每组10只。对照组每天给予腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(含生理盐水+2%二甲亚砜+10%吐温-80),15ul/g体重,连续4天。乌头甲碱组每天给予腹腔注射乌头甲碱(乌头甲碱用2%二甲亚砜、10%吐温-80和88%PBS悬浮),乌头甲碱终浓度为7mg/ml,15ul/g体重,连续4天。
用7%水合氯醛溶液(0.5ml/100g)腹腔注射麻醉小鼠。麻醉满意后剃去腹部毛发,用75%酒精棉球擦拭消毒腹部准备手术开创的部位,并铺上无菌洞巾。沿着腹部正中线切开一条约1cm长度的纵行切口,用无菌镊探査腹腔找寻并暴露盲肠。分离肠系膜和盲肠,并把盲肠拉出腹腔,在盲肠远端1/4进行结扎。用21G针头朝着垂直盲肠肠管的方向进行贯穿穿刺,并适当挤压挤出少量肠内容物。用酒精棉球拭净盲肠以避免肠内容物污染腹部创口,然后把结扎穿刺后的盲肠小心还纳腹腔,并逐层缝合关闭腹腔。术后各组小鼠都进行皮下注射生理盐水(0.03ml/g),补充丢失的体液。将其置于笼中直至麻醉苏醒。
对照组在行CLP术后每8h给予腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。乌头甲碱组在行CLP术后每8h给予腹腔注射7mg/ml乌头甲碱(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。监测对照组和乌头甲碱组小鼠的存活情况,实验结果如下表2所示。
表2对照组和乌头甲碱组小鼠的存活情况表
从表2可知,相比于对照组,乌头甲碱组小鼠的生存周期延长、存活率更高,说明乌头甲碱对脓毒症小鼠具有一定的保护作用。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种PGC-1α间接激活剂。优选的,PGC-1α间接激活剂为Nrf-2激活剂。更优选的,Nrf-2激活剂为Oltipaz、白藜芦醇、姜黄素Curcumin、4-Octyl Itaconate、Diethylmaleate、TBHQ及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
Oltipaz可以激活Nrf-2,如前所述Nrf-2激活后可以促进PGC-1α表达,进而激活线粒体生成。
下面通过如下实验操作过程检验Oltipaz激活剂对脓毒症CLP小鼠的保护作用。
进行实验操作前,KM种小鼠在温度约22℃、湿度40%,每日12h昼/夜循环,无特殊病原菌环境中适应性词养3天,饲养过程中以标准颗粒饲料饲养,小鼠自由饮水、摄食。随机分为对照组和Oltipaz组,每组10只。对照组每天给予腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(含生理盐水+2%二甲亚砜+10%吐温-80),15ul/g体重,连续4天。Oltipaz组每天给予腹腔注射Oltipaz(Oltipaz用2%二甲亚砜、10%吐温-80和88%PBS悬浮),Oltipaz终浓度为7mg/ml,15ul/g体重,连续4天。
4天后用7%水合氯醛溶液(0.5ml/100g)腹腔注射麻醉小鼠。麻醉满意后剃去腹部毛发,用75%酒精棉球擦拭消毒腹部准备手术开创的部位,并铺上无菌洞巾。沿着腹部正中线切开一条约1cm长度的纵行切口,用无菌镊探査腹腔找寻并暴露盲肠。分离肠系膜和盲肠,并把盲肠拉出腹腔,在盲肠远端1/4进行结扎。用21G针头朝着垂直盲肠肠管的方向进行贯穿穿刺,并适当挤压挤出少量肠内容物。用酒精棉球拭净盲肠以避免肠内容物污染腹部创口,然后把结扎穿刺后的盲肠小心还纳腹腔,并逐层缝合关闭腹腔。术后各组小鼠都进行皮下注射生理盐水(0.03ml/g),补充丢失的体液。将其置于笼中直至麻醉苏醒。
对照组在行CLP术后,每8h给予一次腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。Oltipaz组在行CLP术后每8h给予1次腹腔注射7mg/ml Oltipaz(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。监测对照组和Oltipaz组小鼠的存活情况,实验结果如下表3所示。
表3对照组和Oltipaz组小鼠的存活情况表
从表3可知,相比于对照组,Oltipaz组小鼠的生存周期延长、存活率明显更高,说明Oltipaz对脓毒症小鼠具有良好的保护作用。Oltipaz通过激活Nrf-2,并通过Nrf-2协同促进PGC-1α表达,进而激活PGC-1α。从表3还可知道,Oltipaz尤其在脓毒症前期对小鼠有较好的保护作用。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种PGC-1α直接激活剂。优选的,PGC-1α直接激活剂为AMPK激活剂。更优选的,AMPK激活剂为AMPK activator1、A-769662、AICAR、Phenformin HCl、MK-3903、PF-06409577、ETC-1002、GSK621、Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate、ex229(compound 991)及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
AMPK能够磷酸化并激活PGC-1α,AMPK activator 1能够激活AMPK,除此之外AMP(一磷酸腺嘌呤核苷)的结构类似物如AICAR等也能激活AMPK。
下面通过如下实验操作过程检验AMPK activator1激活剂对脓毒症CLP小鼠的保护作用。
进行实验操作前,KM种小鼠在温度约22℃、湿度40%,每日12h昼/夜循环,无特殊病原菌环境中适应性词养3天,饲养过程中以标准颗粒饲料饲养,小鼠自由饮水、摄食。随机分为对照组和AMPK activator1组,每组20只。空白组每天给予腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(含生理盐水+2%二甲亚砜+10%吐温-80),15ul/g体重,连续4天。AMPK activator1组每天给予腹腔注射AMPK activator1(AMPK activator1用2%二甲亚砜、10%吐温-80和88%PBS悬浮),AMPK activator1终浓度为7mg/ml,15ul/g体重,连续4天。
4天后用7%水合氯醛溶液(0.5ml/100g)腹腔注射麻醉小鼠。麻醉满意后剃去腹部毛发,用75%酒精棉球擦拭消毒腹部准备手术开创的部位,并铺上无菌洞巾。沿着腹部正中线切开一条约1cm长度的纵行切口,用无菌镊探査腹腔找寻并暴露盲肠。分离肠系膜和盲肠,并把盲肠拉出腹腔,在盲肠远端1/4进行结扎。用21G针头朝着垂直盲肠肠管的方向进行贯穿穿刺2次(4孔),并适当挤压挤出少量肠内容物。用酒精棉球拭净盲肠以避免肠内容物污染腹部创口,然后把结扎穿刺后的盲肠小心还纳腹腔,并逐层缝合关闭腹腔。术后各组小鼠都进行皮下注射生理盐水(0.03ml/g),补充丢失的体液。将其置于笼中直至麻醉苏醒。
对照组在行CLP术后,每8h给予一次腹腔注射0.9生理盐水(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。AMPK activator1组在行CLP术后每8h给予1次腹腔注射7mg/ml AMPK activator1(15ul/g体重),直至小鼠死亡。监测对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠的存活情况,实验结果如下所述。
小鼠一般情况观察
对照组小鼠术后4h左右麻醉苏醒,6h左右开始出现嗜睡、进食减少、精神状态不佳、少动、行动缓慢、竖毛、群居、眼角胶状透明分泌物,情况逐渐加重。15h后开始出现寒颤、呼吸困难,并出现死亡。死亡小鼠打开胸腹腔后可见腹腔有混浊渗出液,空肠充气、甚至坏疽,盲肠肿胀、粘连、部分破裂,心脏、肝脏、肺等脏器有淤血。说明CLP组小鼠出现了脓毒症的临床的一般表现及组织器官炎症水肿、甚至坏死的表现,提示成功建立了小鼠脓毒症模型。
AMPK activator1组小鼠表现类似对照组,建模后,10h开始出现脓毒症表现,较对照组延迟,而且症状减轻。AMPK activator1组小鼠眼角未见明显分泌物,未出现呼吸困难。AMPK activator1组死亡小鼠开胸腹腔未见浑浊渗出液,盲肠粘连较对照组显著减轻。
存活期小鼠体温
对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠存活期的体温变化如图1所示,图1中具有圆点的线条代表对照组小鼠存活期的体温变化,具有方形的线条代表AMPK activator1组小鼠存活期的体温变化。参照图1可知:AMPK activator1能够减缓CLP脓毒症小鼠体温波动,前期8小时可以抑制小鼠腹腔感染导致的体温升高,16小时后能够增强小鼠能量代谢,抑制小鼠体温降低。
小鼠生存状况
对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠存活数量变化如图2所示,图2中下方的线条代表对照组小鼠存活数量的变化,上方的线条代表AMPK activator1组小鼠存活数量的变化。参照图2可知:AMPK activator1组小鼠存活时间显著延长,存活率大幅提高。说明PGC-1α激活剂AMPK activator1确实能够显著改善小鼠生存率。
小鼠饲料消耗情况
对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠饲料消耗变化如图3所示,图3中左侧的柱状代表对照组小鼠饲料消耗量的变化,右侧的柱状代表AMPK activator1组小鼠饲料消耗量的变化。参照图3可知:CLP建模后KM小鼠进食量AMPK activator1组优于对照组,提示AMPKactivator1能够改善小鼠的脓毒症,从而改善脓毒症小鼠的生存情况。
AMPK activator1可以改善脓毒症过度炎症反应
CLP建模后当对照组出现小鼠死亡时,从对照组和AMPK activator1组各取10只,眼眶取血,检测IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α炎症因子指标,提示AMPK activator1能够激活PGC-1α—MBA轴,改善线粒体质量,并同时抑制过度炎症反应,实验结果如图4所示。
组织石蜡切片观察
图5示出了对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠肝脏的切片,从图5的对比可知,AMPKactivator1组小鼠肝脏的间质淋巴细胞侵润明显减少,组织水肿明显改善。
图6示出了对照组和AMPK activator1组小鼠肾脏的切片,从图6的对比可知,AMPKactivator1组小鼠肝脏的中性粒细胞侵润明显减少,组织水肿及变性明显改善。
进一步的,对5天后仍然存活的6只AMPK activator1组小鼠的解剖发现,有4只出现盲肠结扎并且穿刺部位在短时间内被大量脂肪组织严密封堵。剥离脂肪组织后甚至发现原有充满盲肠的粪便(黑色)消失,盲肠壁呈碎纸样。
综上实验结果可知,AMPK activator1可延缓小鼠死亡时间,提高了生存率,并降低了脓毒症导致的炎症因子风暴。具体的,AMPK activator1激活AMPK后可以磷酸化并激活PGC-1α,并通过PGC-1α促进Nrf-2表达,证明AMPK activator1可以激活PGC-1α后减轻了脓毒症导致的线粒体损伤,同时改善了脓毒症导致的过度炎症反应。
从实验结果可以看出,AMPK activator1对脓毒症小鼠具有良好保护作用。AMPKactivator1通过激活AMPK,并通过促进PGC-1α磷酸化进而激活PGC-1α。随着PGC-1α协同激活Nrf-2,显著减轻了脓毒症导致的线粒体损伤,显著延缓死亡时间,提高了生存率,并降低了脓毒症导致的炎症因子风暴。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (8)
1.PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的PGC-1α激活剂为PGC-1α直接激活剂和/或PGC-1α间接激活剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的PGC-1α间接激活剂为Nrf-2激活剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的Nrf-2激活剂为Oltipaz、白藜芦醇、姜黄素Curcumin、4-Octyl Itaconate、Diethylmaleate、TBHQ及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的PGC-1α直接激活剂为ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α激活剂、SIRT1激活剂和AMPK激活剂中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的ARβ2-PKA-PGC-1α激活剂为乌头甲碱及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的SIRT1激活剂为SRT3025 HCl、CAY10602、SRT1720HCl、SRT2104、SRT2183及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的PGC-1α激活剂在制备治疗脓毒症药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的AMPK激活剂为AMPK activator1、A-769662、AICAR、Phenformin HCl、MK-3903、PF-06409577、ETC-1002、GSK621、Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate、ex229及其结构类似物和衍生物中的一种或多种。
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