CN111053975A - Cardiac pacing device, storage medium, power supply equipment and output voltage control method - Google Patents
Cardiac pacing device, storage medium, power supply equipment and output voltage control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111053975A CN111053975A CN202010007012.2A CN202010007012A CN111053975A CN 111053975 A CN111053975 A CN 111053975A CN 202010007012 A CN202010007012 A CN 202010007012A CN 111053975 A CN111053975 A CN 111053975A
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- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/378—Electrical supply
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/362—Heart stimulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/375—Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
- A61N1/37512—Pacemakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
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Abstract
The invention relates to a power supply device of an implantable medical device, an output voltage control method of the implantable medical device, a cardiac pacing device and a readable storage medium. The power supply equipment comprises a power supply module and a voltage adjusting module, wherein the power supply module provides basic voltage, the voltage adjusting module comprises at least one capacitor array which can be connected with the power supply module, at least two switch capacitor units which can be connected in series or in parallel are arranged in the capacitor array, and the voltage adjusting module adjusts the output voltage of the power supply module to the required voltage by utilizing the combination and connection mode of the switch capacitor units. The power supply equipment can select different combinations and connection modes of the switched capacitor units in the capacitor array according to the required voltage to adjust the output voltage of the power supply module, the charge utilization efficiency is high, and the service life of the implanted medical instrument is prolonged. The output voltage control method utilizes the power supply device, and the cardiac pacing apparatus includes the power supply device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of implantable medical devices, in particular to a cardiac pacing device, a storage medium, power supply equipment and an output voltage control method.
Background
Active Implantable Medical Device (AIMD) refers to a Medical Device that is intended for use in a human body and needs to be driven by electricity, gas, etc., such as an Implantable cardiac pacemaker, an Implantable defibrillator, an Implantable neurostimulator, an Implantable bladder stimulator, an Implantable sphincter stimulator, an Implantable diaphragm stimulator, an Implantable Active drug-taking Device, etc.
Taking an implantable cardiac pacemaker (cardiac pacemaker) as an example, it is a medical device for generating a cardiac stimulation signal, and specifically, an electrical signal (i.e., a pacing pulse) provided by a battery is delivered by a pulse generator, the pacing pulse is transmitted to the heart, and a cardiac muscle contacted by an electrode is stimulated to excite and contract the heart, so as to achieve the purpose of treating cardiac dysfunction such as chronic arrhythmia. The amplitude of the pacing pulses generated by the implantable cardiac pacemaker should meet certain requirements, i.e., the pacing voltage required needs to be generated to stimulate the heart to contract and beat. Pacing voltages in the range of 0.5V to 7.5V are typically required. Therefore, two problems mainly need to be considered for the power supply equipment generating the pacing voltage, one is that the existing pacemaker needs to be powered by a battery, the voltage of the common battery is about 2.8V, and if the pacing voltage higher than the battery voltage is to be obtained, a booster circuit needs to be designed to boost the battery voltage; secondly, because of the individual difference of the patient, the pacing voltage thresholds of the pacing voltage required to be generated by the power supply equipment are different, so that the power supply equipment needs to be capable of setting different pacing voltages.
However, in order to meet the requirements of small size and low noise of the current implantable cardiac pacemaker, the voltage of the battery is usually small. At present, in order to obtain an output voltage meeting requirements, an implantable cardiac pacemaker conventionally adopts a charge pump circuit as a booster circuit, and when the output voltage of a power supply is not an integral multiple of the power supply voltage, the utilization efficiency of current is low, and the service life of a battery is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the current utilization efficiency of the power supply equipment of the implantable medical device and prolong the service life of the power supply equipment, the invention provides the power supply equipment of the implantable medical device. Also provided are a method of output voltage control using the power supply device, a cardiac pacing apparatus including the power supply device, and a readable storage medium.
In one aspect, the invention provides power supply equipment for an implantable medical device, which comprises a power supply module and a voltage adjusting module, wherein the power supply module is used for providing a basic voltage, the voltage adjusting module comprises at least one capacitor array, the capacitor array is connectable with the power supply module, at least two switched capacitor units are arranged in the capacitor array, the switched capacitor units are connected in series or in parallel, and the voltage adjusting module adjusts the output voltage of the power supply module to a required voltage by using the combination and connection mode of the switched capacitor units.
Optionally, the power supply device further includes a control module, and the control module is configured to control a connection manner between the power supply module and the capacitor array and a connection manner between the switched capacitor units.
Optionally, the voltage adjustment module includes more than two capacitor arrays, and when the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array are connected in parallel, the total capacitance of each capacitor array is the same; and corresponding switch elements are arranged between the capacitor arrays.
Optionally, the capacitance of each switched capacitor unit in the same capacitor array is the same, and the number of switched capacitor units in each capacitor array is not completely the same.
Optionally, the number of the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array is an equal ratio array when the switched capacitor units are arranged in the order from small to large.
Optionally, when the number of the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array is arranged in order from small to large, the number of the switched capacitor units forms a number sequence increasing by a power of 2.
Optionally, each switched capacitor unit includes a corresponding branch capacitor; corresponding switch elements are arranged between the upper polar plate of any branch capacitor and the output end of the power supply module, between the upper polar plate of other branch capacitors in the same capacitor array and between the lower polar plate of the branch capacitors in the same capacitor array; corresponding switch elements are arranged between the lower pole plate of any branch capacitor and the output end of the power supply module, between the lower pole plate of any branch capacitor and the ground, and between the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate of other branch capacitors in the same capacitor array.
Optionally, the voltage adjustment module further includes at least one boost capacitor, and a corresponding switch element is disposed between the boost capacitor and the capacitor array.
The power supply device of the implantable medical device comprises a power supply module and a voltage adjusting module used for adjusting the output voltage of the power supply module, wherein the power supply module is used for providing a basic voltage, the voltage adjusting module comprises at least one capacitor array and at least one capacitor array, the capacitor array is connected with the power supply module, at least two switched capacitor units are arranged in the capacitor array, the switched capacitor units can be switched between series connection and parallel connection, and the voltage adjusting module adjusts the output voltage of the power supply module to a required voltage by using the combination and connection mode of the switched capacitor units. With the power supply device, in order to obtain a required voltage, the output voltage of the power supply module can be adjusted by selecting different combinations and connection modes of the switched capacitor units in the capacitor array according to the required voltage on the basis of a basic voltage, and the adjustment precision of the output voltage can also be improved by using different combinations and connection modes of the switched capacitor units, so that the obtainable output voltage of the power supply module can be equal to or very close to the required voltage, and theoretically, the charge utilization efficiency can be close to 100%. Compared with the output voltage which is larger than or equal to the required voltage and is generated by the charge pump booster circuit, no matter the required voltage is not an integral multiple of the basic voltage, the power supply device provided by the invention has less lost charge, can obtain higher charge utilization efficiency and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the implanted medical instrument. Furthermore, the high charge utilization efficiency contributes to an increase in the durability of the power supply module (e.g., battery), thereby facilitating further miniaturization of the implantable medical device.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an output voltage control method for an implantable medical device, which is implemented by the above power supply device, the output voltage control method including:
selecting at least one capacitive array in the voltage adjustment module according to a voltage adjustment requirement and a base voltage of the implantable medical device; connecting all the switch capacitor units in the selected capacitor array in series, charging the capacitor array by using the power supply module, and disconnecting the power supply module from the capacitor array after the capacitor array is stable; selecting the charged switched capacitor units from different capacitor arrays respectively according to voltage requirements, and connecting the switched capacitor units in series to form a total series capacitor; switching a high-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor to a voltage output end, and keeping the voltage on each switch capacitor unit in the total series capacitor unchanged; and adjusting the potential on the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement to enable the voltage of the voltage output end to be the required voltage.
Optionally, the capacitance of each switched capacitor unit in the same capacitor array is the same.
Optionally, the step of adjusting the potential on the low-voltage plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement to make the voltage at the voltage output end be the required voltage includes:
comparing the required voltage with the voltage value of the total series capacitor, and when the required voltage is equal to the voltage value of the total series capacitor, adjusting the potential on the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor to be zero so that the voltage of the voltage output end is the required voltage; and when the output voltage is compared with the voltage value on the total series capacitor and a basic voltage is added, connecting the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor with the positive end of the power module, so that the voltage of the voltage output end is the required voltage.
Optionally, the output circuit further includes a boost capacitor, and the boost capacitor can be connected in series to the total series capacitor; the step of adjusting the potential on the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement to make the voltage of the voltage output end be the required voltage comprises the following steps:
connecting N boost capacitors in series with the total series capacitor when the output voltage is increased by N times of a base voltage compared with a voltage value on the total series capacitor; the voltage of the boost capacitor is the basic voltage, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The output voltage control method provided by the invention comprises the steps of utilizing the power supply equipment, after at least one capacitor array in the voltage regulation module is selected for voltage regulation, firstly connecting all switch capacitor units in the selected capacitor array in series, utilizing the power supply module to charge the capacitor array, obtaining weight partial pressure on all the switch capacitor units in the capacitor array after the capacitor array is stabilized, then disconnecting the power supply module from the capacitor array, then selecting the charged switch capacitor units from different capacitor arrays according to voltage requirements, connecting the charged switch capacitor units in series to form a total series capacitor, then switching a high-voltage pole plate of the total series capacitor to a voltage output end, keeping the voltage on all the switch capacitor units in the total series capacitor unchanged, and regulating the potential on a low-voltage pole plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirements, and enabling the voltage of the voltage output end to be the required voltage. The output voltage control method utilizes the power supply equipment to control the output voltage, continuous power supply is not needed in the control process, a special feedback circuit is not needed to adjust the output, the output voltage of the power supply module is adjusted by selecting different combinations and connection modes of the switched capacitor units in the capacitor array according to the required voltage, and the change precision of the output voltage can be improved by utilizing the different combinations and connection modes of the switched capacitor units, so that the available output voltage of the power supply module can be equal to or very close to the required voltage, higher charge utilization efficiency can be obtained, and the service life of active implanted medical equipment can be prolonged.
The processing and execution of the output voltage control method are generally implemented by a software program in cooperation with a device or apparatus, however, all (or a part of) them may also be implemented by electronic hardware.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform the output voltage control method described above. And thus has the same or similar advantages as the above-described output voltage control method.
In one aspect, the invention provides a cardiac pacing device, which includes the above power supply device and a pacing circuit connected to the power supply device, where the power supply device is used to provide a pacing voltage meeting pacing requirements to the pacing circuit. By using the power supply equipment, the basic voltage of the power supply module can be adjusted to the required voltage according to the pacing voltage requirement. The power supply device has high charge utilization efficiency, contributes to prolonging the service life of the cardiac pacing device, and contributes to realizing device miniaturization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply employing a charge pump boost circuit.
Fig. 2A to 2C are schematic diagrams of three capacitor arrays according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a switched capacitor unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an output voltage control method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of charging a first capacitor array and a second capacitor array in a series configuration by using an output voltage control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first capacitor array and a second capacitor array connected in parallel by using an output voltage control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The power supply device, the output voltage control method, the cardiac pacing apparatus, and the readable storage medium of the implantable medical device according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
Implantable medical devices are usually introduced into the body, either totally or partially, by surgery, or through some natural orifice by medical intervention, and remain in the body after the procedure is completed, and therefore their intended use is implantation in the body, and usually require operation on electrical energy, and because of the long time required for operation in the body, implantable medical devices require power from batteries, and the batteries cannot be too bulky. However, since the implanted individual has different specific conditions or the output voltage required by different conditions is different, a voltage regulating circuit is additionally arranged in the implanted medical device to regulate the output voltage. Taking an implantable cardiac pacemaker as an example, the voltage of a commonly used battery is 2.8V, and when the battery is applied, a voltage boosting circuit is often needed to boost the voltage so that the output voltage of a battery system meets the pacing voltage requirement.
For the booster circuit, a DC-DC circuit or a charge pump circuit is generally employed. The DC-DC circuit needs to use an inductor, occupies a large area, generates a large noise, and is not suitable for the small-volume requirement of the implantable cardiac pacemaker, and a charge pump circuit is generally used as a booster circuit of the implantable cardiac pacemaker.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply employing a charge pump boost circuit. As shown in FIG. 1, a charge pump boost circuit typically senses an output voltage V at an output terminalHAnd comparing with a reference voltage to determine that the output voltage has reached a predetermined voltage, the method achieving the purpose of setting different voltage values by changing a feedback coefficient of the detection circuit.
However, such a charge pump booster circuit has a problem of low current utilization efficiency, and since the voltage required by the pacemaker in practical applications is often not an integral multiple of the battery voltage (the battery voltage is denoted as V here)BATInteger times mean VBAT，2*VBAT，3*VBATAnd.) for example if a 2-stage step-up circuit is used, the required voltage of the pacemaker would need to produce an output voltage of 1.2VBATThen the charge utilization efficiency can be calculated as follows: 1.2VBAT/(2*VBAT) 100% ═ 60%. It can be seen that the charge utilization efficiency is relatively low. When the battery is used for the implantable cardiac pacemaker, the volume and the capacity of the battery are limited, the service life of the battery can be influenced due to low charge utilization efficiency, and the service life of the implantable cardiac pacemaker can be influenced, so that the cost of a patient can be increased, and the quality of life and the health of the patient can be influenced due to replacement of the cardiac pacemaker. Similar problems exist for other active implantable medical devices.
In order to solve the problems that the power supply electricity charge utilization efficiency of the implantable medical device is low and the battery life is affected, the embodiment of the invention first describes the power supply device and the output voltage control method of the implantable medical device provided by the invention.
The embodiment of the invention comprises power supply equipment of an implantable medical device, wherein the power supply equipment of the implantable medical device comprises a power supply module and a voltage adjusting module, the power supply module is used for providing a basic voltage, the voltage adjusting module comprises at least one capacitor array, the capacitor array is connectable with the power supply module, at least two switched capacitor units are arranged in the capacitor array, the switched capacitor units are mutually connected in series or in parallel, and the voltage adjusting module adjusts the output voltage of the power supply module to the required voltage by utilizing the combination and connection mode of the switched capacitor units.
With the power supply device of this embodiment, in order to obtain the required voltage, based on the basic voltage, different combinations and connection manners of the switched capacitor units in the capacitor array may be selected according to the required voltage, so as to adjust the output voltage of the power supply module, and the adjustment accuracy of the output voltage may also be adjusted by using different combinations and connection manners of the switched capacitor units, for example, if the output voltage required to be generated is 1.2 VBAT (VBAT represents the basic voltage provided by the power supply module), the power supply device of this embodiment does not need to generate 2 VBAT first, but may split 1.2 VBAT into a sum of several divided weights, combine and connect the switched capacitor units based on the basic voltage provided by the power supply module, and obtain the divided weights smaller than 1 basic voltage in series through the formed capacitor array, and then divide the divided weights by an integral multiple of the divided weights, a voltage value close to or equal to the output voltage can be obtained from the total port voltage after the series connection. The output voltage of the power supply module available can thus be equal to or very close to the required voltage. As can be seen, the power supply device of the present embodiment can theoretically obtain a charge utilization efficiency close to 100% with respect to the charge pump boosting type power supply shown in fig. 1, regardless of whether the required voltage is an integral multiple of the base voltage. Of course, the charge utilization efficiency that can be practically achieved is less than 100%, considering that there will be some losses in the actual circuit.
Therefore, by using the power supply device of the embodiment, the charge utilization efficiency can be greatly improved compared with the existing scheme, which is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the implantable medical device. In addition, when the implantable medical device is designed, the requirement on the volume of the implantable medical device can be reduced due to the prolonged service life of the battery, and the implantable medical device with further miniaturization is facilitated.
The combination and connection mode of each switched capacitor unit in the voltage adjustment module can be controlled by a hardware circuit or software, and specifically, the implantable power supply system can further include a control module, wherein the control module is used for controlling the connection between the power supply module and the voltage adjustment module and the connection between the switched capacitor units in the voltage adjustment module, so that the power supply equipment can be automatically controlled, such as programmed control, and the output voltage of the power supply equipment can be adjusted.
The power module in the implanted power supply may be a battery or a battery pack, such as a lithium ion battery, and is used for outputting a fixed voltage, defined as a base voltage VBAT. For example, the base voltage V is applied to an implantable cardiac pacemakerBATFor example, but not limited to, 2.8VThe base voltage may be determined by the structure of the power supply module.
The number of the capacitor arrays in the voltage adjustment module may be more than one, for example, more than two, and the number of the capacitor arrays may be set according to the requirement of the output voltage in a specific application. Generally, in order to improve the flexibility of adjusting the output voltage and the accuracy of voltage adjustment, more than two capacitor arrays are included in the voltage adjustment module. For more than two capacitor arrays, in order to obtain a required output voltage by connecting different capacitor arrays in series, in this embodiment, the voltage adjustment module includes more than two capacitor arrays, and when the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array are connected in parallel, the total capacitance of each capacitor array is the same; and corresponding switch elements are arranged between the capacitor arrays. In addition, in order to facilitate combination and control of the switched capacitor units, in this embodiment, the capacitances of the switched capacitor units in the same capacitor array are the same, and in addition, in order to further improve flexibility of the output voltage and voltage adjustment accuracy, the numbers of the switched capacitor units in the capacitor arrays are preferably not completely the same. In this embodiment, the voltage regulation accuracy is related to the number of switched capacitor units in the capacitor array, and the following output voltage control method will be further described.
Fig. 2A to 2C are schematic diagrams of three capacitor arrays according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2A-2C, as an example, in an embodiment, the power supply apparatus of the implantable medical device includes three capacitive arrays, a first capacitive array including eight switched capacitive units (fig. 2A), a second capacitive array including four switched capacitive units (fig. 2B), and a third capacitive array including two switched capacitive units (fig. 2C). In each capacitor array, the switched capacitor units may be disconnected, or some or all of the switched capacitor units may be connected in series in sequence as needed, or may be connected in parallel.
In this embodiment, it is assumed that the total capacitance of each capacitor array when all the switched capacitor units are connected in parallel is the same, which is denoted as C, and the capacitances of the switched capacitor units in the same capacitor array are also the same, so that the capacitances of the eight switched capacitor units in the first capacitor array are all C/8 (i.e., the first capacitor switched capacitor unit), the capacitances of the four switched capacitor units in the second capacitor array are all C/4 (i.e., the second capacitor switched capacitor unit), and the capacitances of the two switched capacitor units in the third capacitor array are all C/2 (i.e., the third capacitor switched capacitor unit). It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the capacitances of the switched capacitor units in the same capacitor array in the voltage adjustment module are the same, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and in another embodiment, the same capacitor array may also include switched capacitor units with different capacitances.
Specifically, for any one of the first to third capacitor arrays, when the switched capacitor units are connected in series, and when an external voltage is applied to the capacitor array, the voltages distributed across the switched capacitor units are equal, and theoretically, the voltages are all values obtained by dividing the external voltage by the number of the switched capacitor units. In this embodiment, the applied voltage is the basic voltage V output by the power moduleBATThen, after stabilization, the voltage difference formed across each switched-capacitor cell is V for the first capacitor arrayBATAnd/8, forming a voltage difference V on each switched capacitor unit for the second capacitor arrayBATAnd/4, forming a voltage difference V on each switched capacitor unit for the third capacitor arrayBAT/2. At this time, when the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array are switched to be connected in parallel, the total voltage of each capacitor array is the voltage difference across each switched capacitor unit, and the voltage difference can be used as the weight voltage obtained by the corresponding capacitor array.
In this embodiment, the number of the switched capacitor units in the first to third capacitor arrays is gradually decreased in a halving manner, and the obtained weight voltage is also increased in multiples, so that when the output voltage is calculated by counting the weight voltages, the output voltage can be continuously adjusted with the minimum weight voltage as the adjustment precision. In another embodiment, the number of the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array is an equal ratio array when the switched capacitor units are arranged in the order from small to large, but may be different from this embodiment, for example, may be changed in a rule of 5, 10, 20. In another embodiment, the number of the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array is arranged from small to large, and the switched capacitor units form a number sequence which is increased by power of 2. Namely, the binary rule change is utilized, so that the programming control of the digital circuit is facilitated. It can be understood that the capacitor array in the voltage adjustment module may also include more than eight switched capacitor units, and the number of the capacitor arrays and the number of the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array may be determined according to factors such as the adjustment precision requirement of the output voltage and the complexity of the voltage adjustment module.
In the above embodiments, the voltage adjustment module may further include at least one boost capacitor in addition to one or more capacitor arrays. The boost capacitor is, for example, a single switched capacitor unit, and the capacitance of the boost capacitor unit can be set to be the same as the total capacitance of the capacitor array forming the weight voltage division, so that after the boost capacitor unit is fully charged, the boost capacitor unit can be connected with the capacitor array forming the weight voltage division in series according to the requirement of the output voltage to increase the port voltage. In this embodiment, the capacitance of the boost capacitor is the same as the capacitance of the capacitor array when the switched capacitor units in each capacitor array are connected in parallel (i.e., the capacitance after weight division is formed), which is denoted as C. For the boost capacitor, a base voltage V is appliedBATWhen the voltage difference formed between the upper and lower electrode plates is VBATIt can be regarded as the corresponding weight voltage is equal to the base voltage VBAT。
In this embodiment, the switched capacitor unit on the voltage adjustment module is a branch capacitor, so that the capacitance of the branch capacitors in the first to third capacitor arrays is different and is respectively C/8, C/4 and C/2, and the specific capacitance of the branch capacitor can be specifically selected according to the requirements of the adjustment accuracy of the output voltage and the like.
In this embodiment, each of the switched capacitor units includes a corresponding branch capacitor C1; corresponding switch elements are arranged between the upper plate of any branch capacitor C1 and the output end of the power supply module, and between the upper plates and the lower plates of other branch capacitors in the same capacitor array; and a lower polar plate of any branch capacitor is connected with the output end of the power module, the ground and the same capacitor array. The upper plate of the branch capacitor is the plate with higher voltage when the voltage difference is formed, and is also used as the high-voltage plate of the corresponding switch capacitor unit. The lower plate of the branch capacitor is the lower plate when the voltage difference is formed, and is also used as the lower plate of the corresponding switch capacitor unit.
Corresponding switch elements can be arranged between the branch capacitors so as to connect the switch capacitor units in series or in parallel. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a switched capacitor unit according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 3, each of the switched capacitor units may be connected to other switched capacitor units or other ports in the circuit through six switching elements, wherein C1 represents a branch capacitor, the capacitance of the branch capacitor C1 may be selected as required, and the connection relationship represented by each connection terminal is as follows:
VBAT-connecting a supply voltage;
VP-connecting the lower plate or plates of other capacitors;
VH-connecting a holding capacitor (for holding the required voltage);
GND-ground;
VNand the upper plate or the lower plate of the other capacitor is connected.
In this embodiment, in the same capacitor array, each switched capacitor unit may be connected in series, that is, the lower plate of the previous switched capacitor unit is connected to the upper plate of the next switched capacitor unit, the upper plate of the foremost switched capacitor unit is used as the high-voltage plate of the capacitor array with the series structure, and the lower plate of the last switched capacitor unit is used as the low-voltage plate of the capacitor array with the series structure. In addition, in the same capacitor array, each switched capacitor unit can also realize parallel connection, namely the upper pole plates of each switched capacitor unit are connected with each other, the lower pole plates of each switched capacitor unit are also connected with each other, the high-voltage pole plate of the formed capacitor array with the parallel structure is the upper pole plate of any switched capacitor unit, and the low-voltage pole plate of the capacitor array with the parallel structure is the lower pole plate of any switched capacitor unit.
In addition, as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, in order to maintain the obtained output voltage, the upper plate of the branch capacitor C1 may be further connected to a maintaining capacitor through a switching element, the maintaining capacitor is used to provide a voltage to the electric device, and the corresponding voltage is VH. For example, when applied to an implantable cardiac pacemaker, the holding capacitor acts as a pacing capacitor, and the voltage on the pacing capacitor applies pacing pulses to the heart via a pulse generator. It should be noted that the output voltage of the power supply device may be obtained from the upper plate of one switched capacitor unit close to the output terminal in the output circuit, and therefore, in another embodiment, a switch element may be disposed between the upper plate of only part of the switched capacitor units and the holding capacitor, that is, the regulated required voltage may be output through part of the switched capacitor units. The switching elements disposed on the upper plate and the lower plate of each branch capacitor C1 and between the capacitor arrays may be one of switching elements such as a transistor, a MOSFET, a JFET, and an IGBT. The active switch element is convenient for automatic control, and can be manufactured on a chip through an integrated circuit process and a branch capacitor, so that the parasitic capacitor is small and the size is small. In some embodiments, one or more of the switching elements may also employ passive switching devices, such as magnetically controlled switches or the like. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, when the voltage difference across the switched capacitor units is not applied with an external electric field, the on or off of the switching elements should hardly affect the original voltage across each switched capacitor unit, so that, in the selection of the switching elements, factors such as parasitic capacitance and the like that easily consume the charge amount across the switched capacitor units should be avoided.
The voltage adjusting module in the embodiment can adopt a design mode of full on-chip integration, does not need to increase additional off-chip discrete components, reduces the cost, and can reduce the design complexity of the hybrid circuit board and increase the reliability.
The embodiment further includes a method for controlling an output voltage of the implantable medical device, which may be implemented by using the power supply device of the implantable medical device. Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an output voltage control method according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 4, the output voltage control method includes the steps of:
step S1: selecting at least one capacitive array in the voltage adjustment module according to a voltage adjustment requirement and a base voltage of the implantable medical device;
step S2: connecting all the switch capacitor units in the selected capacitor array in series, charging the capacitor array by using the power supply module, and disconnecting the power supply module from the capacitor array after the capacitor array is stable;
step S3: selecting the charged switched capacitor units from different capacitor arrays respectively according to voltage requirements, and connecting the switched capacitor units in series to form a total series capacitor;
step S4: switching a high-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor to a voltage output end, and keeping the voltage on each switch capacitor unit in the total series capacitor unchanged;
step S5: and adjusting the potential on the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement, so that the voltage of the voltage output end is the required voltage.
As an example, the above-described power supply apparatus having three capacitor arrays as in fig. 2A to 2C is employed to generate a base voltage V of 1.375 times as much as necessaryBATAs an output voltage (i.e. 1.375V)BAT) For example, the output voltage control method using the implantable medical device will be described.
Step S1 is first performed, which is a step of selecting a capacitor array. Specifically, as an example, for any one of the three capacitor arrays, the capacitances of the respective switched capacitor cells therein are set to be the same, and thus the weight voltages that can be obtained with the respective capacitor arrays are related to the number of switched capacitor cells. Specifically, the base voltage may be divided by the number of switching capacitor units in each capacitor array, and the obtained value is used as a weight voltage predicted value of the corresponding capacitor array, and then at least one capacitor array in the voltage adjustment module is selected according to the weight voltage predicted value and the output voltage to be obtained to perform the following steps. In this embodiment, the number of switched capacitor units in each capacitor array is determined. However, it should be understood that, in another embodiment, the number of the capacitor arrays in the power supply device is not determined, and the number of the switched capacitor units included in the capacitor arrays may be selected according to requirements when the output voltage is controlled.
In this embodiment, according to the above calculation method, it can be known that the predicted value of the weight voltage corresponding to the first capacitor array is VBATAnd/8, the predicted value of the weight voltage corresponding to the second capacitor array is VBATAnd/4, the predicted value of the weight voltage corresponding to the third capacitor array is V BAT2, and the output voltage to be obtained is 1.375VBATAccording to 1/8+1/4 being 0.375, that is, the sum of the weight voltages of the first capacitor array and the second capacitor array can cover the fractional part (i.e., the non-integral multiple part) of the required output voltage, and thus, one first capacitor array and one second capacitor array can be selected and connected in the output circuit through the switching element. The output circuit includes a circuit connected to the voltage output terminal, for example, the voltage output terminal of the output circuit may be disposed at a node between the capacitor array and the holding capacitor. The first capacitor array and the second capacitor array have a series node therebetween, and a switching element is disposed at the series node. In step S1, the switching element at the series node is open, since the respective switched-capacitor cell is not yet charged at this time.
In another embodiment, the output voltage to be obtained is another value, and only one capacitor array may be selected to be provided in the output circuit. For example, if the output voltage to be obtained is 1.25VBATOnly one second capacitor array may be selected to obtain the non-integer part of the output voltage 0.25VBAT. In another embodiment, the output voltage to be obtained is 1.5VBATOnly one third capacitor array may be selected to obtain the non-integer part of the output voltage 0.5VBATAlternatively, two second capacitor arrays may be selected to obtain the non-integer part of the output voltage 0.5VBATConsidering that an increased number of switched capacitor cells will increase some energy losses and the volume will increase, the list here to obtain 0.5 x VBATIn the two capacitor array selection methods, a third capacitor array is preferably used. In another embodiment, the output voltage to be obtained is 0.875 × VBATA first capacitor array, a second capacitor array and a third capacitor array may be selected, and after subsequent steps, a total weight voltage of (1/8+1/4+1/2) V may be obtainedBATI.e. the required output voltage.
In this embodiment, since the number of the switched capacitor units arranged in the first capacitor array is eight at most, the adjustment precision of the output voltage is VBATAnd/8, the minimum amount of change in the output voltage. However, by way of example only, in other embodiments, more than sixteen, thirty-two, etc. switched capacitor units may be disposed in the capacitor array to improve the voltage regulation accuracy according to the requirement of the output voltage accuracy.
When the capacitor arrays (in this embodiment, a first capacitor array and a second capacitor array) for obtaining the weight voltage division are selected, the output voltage to be obtained is 1.375VBAT) Thereafter, step S2 is then executed. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of charging a first capacitor array and a second capacitor array in a series configuration by using an output voltage control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5, in step S2, the switched capacitor units in the first capacitor array and the second capacitor array are respectively connected in series, that is, for the first capacitor array, all eight switched capacitor units are connected in series in the order that the lower plate of the previous switched capacitor unit is connected to the upper plate of the next switched capacitor unit, and then the upper and lower plates of the series structure are respectively connected to the output end of the power module (through the connection to V in fig. 3)BATThe switch of the first capacitor array) and ground (via the switch of the first capacitor array connected to GND in fig. 3), each switched capacitor unit is charged by the power module (other switch elements on the switched capacitor units are in an off state), and after stabilization, the voltage difference across each switched capacitor unit in the first capacitor array is VBATAnd/8, for the second capacitor arrayAccording to the sequence that the lower pole plate of the previous switched capacitor unit is connected with the upper pole plate of the next switched capacitor unit, all four switched capacitor units are connected in series, then the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate of the series structure are respectively connected to the output end of the power supply module and the ground, each switched capacitor unit is charged by the power supply module, and after the switched capacitor units are stabilized, the voltage difference of each switched capacitor unit in the second capacitor array is VBAT/4. After charging, the power supply module is disconnected from the selected capacitor array, that is, the first capacitor array and the second capacitor array are stopped from being charged, and at this time, the voltage difference of each switched capacitor unit in the array is basically kept unchanged.
Step S3 is executed to select the charged switched capacitor units from different capacitor arrays according to the voltage requirement, and connect them in series to form the total series capacitor.
Specifically, in order to keep the voltage of the series capacitive elements in the total series capacitance unchanged after the series connection, the capacitance of each series capacitive element should be the same. In this embodiment, the eight switched capacitor cells in the first capacitor array are switched from series connection to parallel connection, and the four switched capacitor cells in the second capacitor array are switched from series connection to parallel connection, that is, the upper plates of all the switched capacitor cells in the same capacitor array are electrically connected together, and the lower plates of all the switched capacitor cells are electrically connected together (other switching elements on the switched capacitor cells are in an off state). For the first capacitor array and the second capacitor array which form a parallel structure, the total capacitance is C, so that the charging voltage of each switch capacitor unit can be kept stable and unchanged after the two capacitor arrays are connected in series. After the parallel connection is switched, the total voltage difference of the capacitor arrays is the voltage difference of each switched capacitor unit, namely the weight voltage division on the first capacitor array of the parallel structure is VBAT/8, the weight voltage division on the second capacitor array of the parallel structure is VBAT/4。
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first capacitor array and a second capacitor array connected in series in a parallel configuration by an output voltage control method according to an embodiment of the present inventionFigure (a). Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the total series capacitance includes a first capacitor array and a second capacitor array connected in series, and the voltage difference across the total series capacitance is the sum of the divided voltages of the two capacitor arrays, which is (1/8+1/4) VBAT＝0.375*VBAT。
Then, step S4 is executed to switch the high-voltage plate of the total series capacitor to the voltage output end, and keep the voltage across each switched capacitor unit in the total series capacitor unchanged. In this embodiment, the high-voltage plate of the total series capacitor is an upper plate of any one of the switched capacitor units in the first capacitor array. The switch element between the upper plate of the switched capacitor unit and the holding capacitor can be closed, and the potential on the holding capacitor is the same as the potential on the upper plate of the switched capacitor unit. The low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor is the lower polar plate of any one switched capacitor unit in the second capacitor array, and the voltage difference between the voltage output end and the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor is 0.375V of the non-integer part of the required voltageBAT。
Through the steps, the non-integral multiple part of the output voltage is obtained, and then the integral multiple basic voltage can be added to the total series capacitor, so that the required output voltage can be obtained.
And step S5 is executed to adjust the potential on the low-voltage plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement, so that the voltage at the voltage output terminal is the required voltage. Specifically, in step S5, the required voltage may be compared with the voltage value of the total series capacitor, and when the required voltage is equal to the voltage value of the total series capacitor, the potential on the low-voltage plate of the total series capacitor is adjusted to be zero, so that the voltage at the voltage output terminal is the required voltage; and when the output voltage is increased by one or more than two integral multiples of the base voltage compared with the voltage value of the total series capacitor, the method can be adopted, one method is to connect the low-voltage plate of the total series capacitance to the positive terminal of the power supply module, and further the voltage at the voltage output terminal is made to be the required voltage, so that the voltage at the voltage output terminal can be raised by a base voltage, and a method of utilizing the boosting capacitor in the power supply apparatus described earlier in this embodiment, which can be connected in series to the total series capacitor, by connecting an integer number of boost capacitors with a charging voltage of the base voltage in series with the total series capacitance, and the voltage of the voltage output end is the required voltage, and one or more than two integral multiples of basic voltage can be increased at the voltage output end by utilizing the boost capacitor. Thus, when the output voltage is increased by N times (N is an integer of 1 or more) the base voltage compared with the voltage value across the total series capacitance, N boosting capacitors whose voltage is the base voltage can be connected in series with the total series capacitance. The present invention is not limited thereto, and the disclosed method may be adopted to increase the base voltage by an integral multiple.
By way of example, in this embodiment, 1.375V is to be obtainedBATThe output voltage of (2) is 0.375 x V obtained in step S4BATThen, increasing an integer multiple of the base voltage can be achieved by one of the following methods:
in the first method, the integral multiple voltage of the basic voltage can be obtained by directly applying the basic voltage to the lower plate of the total series capacitor formed by the first capacitor array and the second capacitor array through the power module, that is, the lower plate of the total series capacitor is connected with the positive end of the power module, so that the voltage of the lower plate of the total series capacitor is raised to VBATAccording to the characteristics of the total series capacitor, the voltage difference between the upper plate and the lower plate of the total series capacitor is kept constant and still is 0.375VBATThen, after reaching a stable voltage, the voltage of the upper plate of the total series capacitor becomes 1.375VBATThen the required voltage can be obtained from the voltage output end;
in the second method, a boost capacitor is provided in the output circuit, the capacitance of the boost capacitor is selected to be the same as the total capacitance (C in this embodiment) obtained when the selected capacitor array is connected in parallel with each switched capacitor unit, and in step S2, the boost capacitor is fully charged by the power module to make the boost capacitor have the voltage difference VBATIn step S5, the switching elements between the boost capacitor and the first capacitor array and/or the second capacitor array are closed, that is, the boost capacitor can be connected in series to the total series capacitor, and the sum of the voltage differences of the total series capacitor formed by the first capacitor array, the second capacitor array and the boost capacitor is 1.375VBATThen, the level of the voltage output terminal connected from the upper plate of the total series capacitor rises, and the voltage output terminal can obtain a voltage of 1.375VBATAnd the required voltage is obtained.
The first method for increasing the base voltage by an integral multiple is to increase the voltage of the upper plate by a base voltage, which is generally applied to an implantable cardiac pacemaker device, by increasing the voltage of the lower plate of the total series capacitor with the power moduleBATAt 2.8V, a supply voltage output of 0 to 2 times can be produced using this method, already covering a larger range of pacing voltage output requirements. In addition, according to the second method of increasing the base voltage by an integral multiple, the voltage of the voltage output terminal can be increased by two or more base voltages by providing two or more boost capacitors.
The two methods for increasing the base voltage by an integral multiple can also be used simultaneously, and according to the design of the power supply device, the base voltage by an integral multiple can be increased by the first method, one or more than one base voltage by an integral multiple can be increased by the second method, and the required output voltage (i.e. the required voltage) can be obtained from the voltage output end.
The output voltage obtained by the output voltage control method can be obtained on the holding capacitor through the voltage output end, the upper electrode plate of the holding capacitor is connected with the voltage output end, the lower electrode plate of the holding capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply module, for the implantable cardiac pacemaker, the holding capacitor can be used as a pacing capacitor, after a pacing pulse, the voltage of the voltage output end is reduced, and at the moment, the voltage obtaining method needs to be executed again to obtain the required output voltage.
The processing and execution of the output voltage control method of the power supply device may be implemented by software mainly in a programming manner, or may be implemented by a circuit manner.
The embodiment also includes a readable storage medium, on which executable instructions are stored, and when the executable instructions are executed by a processor, the method for controlling the output voltage of the power supply device is executed. The processor may be a CPU in a microcomputer, and the readable storage medium may be a Random Access Memory (RAM), a random Read Only Memory (ROM), a hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a register in a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or the like.
In the power supply apparatus and the output voltage control method of the implantable medical device described in this embodiment, the output voltage of the power supply module may be adjusted to the required voltage by the voltage adjustment module. The output voltage of the power supply module is adjusted by selecting different combinations and connection modes of the switched capacitor units in the capacitor array according to the magnitude of the required voltage, and the variation precision of the output voltage can also be improved by using the different combinations and connection modes of the switched capacitor units, so that the available output voltage of the power supply module can be equal to or very close to the required voltage, higher charge utilization efficiency can be obtained, and theoretically 100% of charge utilization efficiency can be reached.
The embodiment further includes a cardiac pacing device, where the cardiac pacing device includes a power supply device of the implantable medical device and a pacing circuit connected to the power supply device, and the power supply device is configured to provide a pacing voltage meeting a pacing requirement to the pacing circuit. By utilizing the implantable power supply equipment, the output voltage of the power supply equipment can be adjusted according to the pacing voltage requirement, and the charge utilization efficiency of the output voltage is improved on the basis of the basic voltage, so that on one hand, the service life of the cardiac pacing device can be prolonged under the condition that the capacity of the battery is limited, on the other hand, the battery volume is reduced, the implantable power supply equipment can be applied to the structures of various cardiac pacing devices, and the implantable power supply equipment can be a leadless implantable cardiac pacemaker and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the leadless implantable cardiac pacemaker.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can make possible the variations and modifications of the technical solutions of the present invention using the methods and technical contents disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A power supply apparatus for an implantable medical device, comprising:
the power supply module is used for providing a basic voltage; and the number of the first and second groups,
the voltage adjusting module comprises at least one capacitor array, the capacitor array is connected with the power supply module, at least two switch capacitor units are arranged in the capacitor array, the switch capacitor units are connected in series or in parallel, and the voltage adjusting module adjusts the output voltage of the power supply module to the required voltage by utilizing the combination and connection mode of the switch capacitor units.
2. The power supply device according to claim 1, further comprising:
and the control module is used for controlling the connection mode between the power supply module and the capacitor array and the connection mode between the switched capacitor units.
3. The power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the voltage adjustment module includes more than two of the capacitor arrays, and when the switched capacitor units in each of the capacitor arrays are connected in parallel, the total capacitance of each of the capacitor arrays is the same; and corresponding switch elements are arranged between the capacitor arrays.
4. The power supply apparatus of claim 3 wherein the capacitance of each switched capacitor cell in the same capacitor array is the same and the number of switched capacitor cells in each capacitor array is not exactly the same.
5. The power supply apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the number of the switched capacitor units in each of the capacitor arrays is an equal ratio of the number of the switched capacitor units in the order from small to large.
6. The power supply apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the number of switched capacitor units in each of the capacitor arrays is in a sequence from small to large, and forms a sequence increasing by a power of 2.
7. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each of the switched capacitor units includes a corresponding branch capacitor; corresponding switch elements are arranged between the upper polar plate of any branch capacitor and the output end of the power supply module, between the upper polar plate of other branch capacitors in the same capacitor array and between the lower polar plate of the branch capacitors in the same capacitor array; corresponding switch elements are arranged between the lower pole plate of any branch capacitor and the output end of the power supply module, between the lower pole plate of any branch capacitor and the ground, and between the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate of other branch capacitors in the same capacitor array.
8. The power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the voltage adjustment module further comprises at least one boost capacitor, and a corresponding switching element is disposed between the boost capacitor and the capacitor array.
9. An output voltage control method of an implantable medical device, which is implemented using the power supply apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the output voltage control method comprising:
selecting at least one capacitive array in the voltage adjustment module according to a voltage adjustment requirement and a base voltage of the implantable medical device;
connecting all the switch capacitor units in the selected capacitor array in series, charging the capacitor array by using the power supply module, and disconnecting the power supply module from the capacitor array after the capacitor array is stable;
selecting the charged switched capacitor units from different capacitor arrays respectively according to voltage requirements, and connecting the switched capacitor units in series to form a total series capacitor;
switching a high-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor to a voltage output end, and keeping the voltage on each switch capacitor unit in the total series capacitor unchanged;
and adjusting the potential on the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement, so that the voltage of the voltage output end is the required voltage.
10. The output voltage control method of claim 9, wherein the capacitance of each switched capacitor unit in the same capacitor array is the same.
11. The output voltage control method of claim 9, wherein the step of adjusting the potential at the low-voltage plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement to make the voltage at the voltage output terminal be the required voltage comprises:
comparing the required voltage with a voltage value of the total series capacitance, and,
when the required voltage is equal to the voltage value of the total series capacitor, adjusting the potential on a low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor to be zero, and enabling the voltage of the voltage output end to be the required voltage;
and when the output voltage is compared with the voltage value on the total series capacitor and a basic voltage is added, connecting the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor with the positive end of the power module, so that the voltage of the voltage output end is the required voltage.
12. The output voltage control method of claim 9, further comprising a boost capacitor in the output circuit, the boost capacitor being connectable in series to the total series capacitance;
the step of adjusting the potential on the low-voltage polar plate of the total series capacitor according to the voltage requirement to make the voltage of the voltage output end be the required voltage comprises the following steps:
connecting N boost capacitors in series with the total series capacitor when the output voltage is increased by N times of a base voltage compared with a voltage value on the total series capacitor;
the voltage of the boost capacitor is the basic voltage, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
13. A readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the output voltage control method of any one of claims 9 to 12.
14. A cardiac pacing apparatus comprising a power supply device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and a pacing circuit connected to the power supply device, the power supply device being arranged to provide a pacing voltage to the pacing circuit that meets pacing requirements.
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