CN110848703B - Vehicle-mounted movable dangerous waste plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment device and application - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted movable dangerous waste plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment device and application Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
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- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于环保技术领域，尤其是一种车载移动式危险废弃物等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理装置和应用。The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted mobile hazardous waste plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment device and its application.
背景技术Background technique
随着资源的日益枯竭和环保要求的不断提高，大量传统的废物处理技术已不能适应污染治理的需要，其中对环境危害最大的危险废弃物主要采用传统焚烧处理工艺，而危险废物焚烧残渣只能选择安全隐患高的稳定固化填埋处置技术。等离子高温气化熔融无害化处理技术能够将危险废弃物中的有机物分解气化，无机物气化焚烧残渣在等离子体高温火炬灼烧下迅速熔融并急冷为无害的玻璃态水淬渣，玻璃态水淬渣可以作为建材进行重复利用，最终实现危险废弃物的无害化处理和资源化利用。目前，国内危险废弃物的管理体系比较严格，危险废物的收集、储存、运输、处理处置全过程实施转移联单跟踪管理，针对地域分散、危废产量小的产废单位的危险废物无法低成本有效地收集、储存和无害化处理处置。经调研，也有个别车载移动式医疗废弃物处理设备，但所采用的技术均为传统蒸汽高温灭菌和低温焚烧技术，处理危险废弃物也仅为医疗废物，而针对工业危险废弃物尤其是无机不可燃危险废弃物不能进行进行有效地无害化处理处置。因此开发一种车载可移动式新型危险废物等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理装置，将量小、分散、不可燃的工业危险废弃物进行无害化处理和资源化利用已成为亟需解决的难题。With the increasing depletion of resources and the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, a large number of traditional waste treatment technologies can no longer meet the needs of pollution control. Among them, the most hazardous wastes that are most harmful to the environment are mainly treated by traditional incineration processes, while the incineration residues of hazardous wastes can only be disposed of by stable solidification landfill technology with high safety risks. Plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment technology can decompose and gasify organic matter in hazardous wastes, and the inorganic gasification and incineration residues are rapidly melted and quenched into harmless glassy water-quenched slag under the burning of plasma high-temperature torches. The glassy water-quenched slag can be reused as building materials, and finally the harmless treatment and resource utilization of hazardous wastes are achieved. At present, the domestic management system of hazardous wastes is relatively strict. The entire process of collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes is subject to transfer and tracking management. Hazardous wastes from waste-producing units with dispersed locations and small hazardous waste production cannot be collected, stored and harmlessly treated and disposed of at low cost. According to the survey, there are some mobile medical waste treatment equipment on vehicles, but the technologies used are all traditional steam high-temperature sterilization and low-temperature incineration technologies, and the hazardous waste they treat is only medical waste, while industrial hazardous waste, especially inorganic non-combustible hazardous waste, cannot be effectively treated and disposed of harmlessly. Therefore, it has become an urgent problem to develop a new type of mobile hazardous waste plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment device on vehicles to treat and recycle small, dispersed, non-combustible industrial hazardous waste harmlessly.
通过检索，尚未发现与本专利申请相关的专利公开文献。Through searching, no patent publications related to this patent application have been found.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供一种车载移动式危险废弃物等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理装置和应用，该装置解决了在特殊情况下可迅速对收集的危险废弃物进行高温气化熔融无害化处理，废气经过净化处理后达标排放，该装置利用等离子高温火焰将气化残渣熔融并急冷为无害的玻璃态水淬渣，彻底实现危险废物的无害化处置和资源化利用。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a vehicle-mounted mobile plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment device for hazardous waste and its application. The device solves the problem that under special circumstances, the collected hazardous waste can be quickly subjected to high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment, and the waste gas is discharged in compliance with the standards after purification. The device utilizes a plasma high-temperature flame to melt the gasified residue and rapidly cool it into harmless glassy water-quenched slag, thereby completely realizing the harmless disposal and resource utilization of hazardous waste.
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的：The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions:
一种车载移动式危险废弃物等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理装置，所述装置包括集装箱半挂车运输系统、自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统和供配电及直流整流系统，所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统和供配电及直流整流系统均设置于集装箱半挂车运输系统上，所述等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统与自动上料系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统相连接设置，所述烟气净化系统还与NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统相连接设置，所述调节计量系统与等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、去离子水循环系统和压缩氮气制备系统相连接设置；A vehicle-mounted mobile plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment device for hazardous waste, the device comprising a container semi-trailer transportation system, an automatic feeding system, a plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, a flue gas purification system, a deionized water circulation system, a NaOH alkali solution supply system, a diesel fuel supply system, a compressed nitrogen preparation system, a water-quenched slag discharging system, a regulating and metering system, and a power supply and distribution and DC rectification system. The automatic feeding system, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the flue gas purification system, the deionized water circulation system, the NaOH alkali solution supply system, the diesel fuel supply system, the compressed nitrogen preparation system, the water-quenched slag discharging system, the regulating and metering system, the power supply and distribution and DC rectification system The compressed nitrogen preparation system, the water-quenched slag discharging system, the regulating and metering system, and the power supply and distribution and DC rectification system are all arranged on the container semi-trailer transportation system. The plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system is connected with the automatic feeding system, the flue gas purification system, the deionized water circulation system, the diesel fuel supply system, the compressed nitrogen preparation system, and the water-quenched slag discharging system. The flue gas purification system is also connected with the NaOH alkali liquid supply system and the diesel fuel supply system. The regulating and metering system is connected with the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the deionized water circulation system and the compressed nitrogen preparation system;
所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统均与供配电及直流整流系统相连接设置。The automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, and regulating and metering system are all connected to the power supply and distribution and DC rectification system.
而且，所述装置还包括自动化操作控制系统，所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统、供配电及直流整流系统均与自动化操作控制系统相连接设置，该自动化操作控制系统能够控制自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统、供配电及直流整流系统的动作。Moreover, the device also includes an automated operation control system, and the automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, adjustment and metering system, power supply and distribution and DC rectification system are all connected to the automated operation control system, and the automated operation control system can control the actions of the automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, adjustment and metering system, power supply and distribution and DC rectification system.
而且，所述集装箱半挂车运输系统包括可移动半挂车和集装箱，该集装箱可拆卸安装在可移动半挂车上，该集装箱四周间隔设置有多个检修门，所述可移动半挂车四周间隔设置有多个折叠楼梯，所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统和供配电及直流整流系统均设置于集装箱内。Moreover, the container semi-trailer transportation system includes a movable semi-trailer and a container. The container can be detachably installed on the movable semi-trailer. A plurality of inspection doors are arranged at intervals around the container. A plurality of folding stairs are arranged at intervals around the movable semi-trailer. The automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali liquid supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, regulation and metering system, and power supply and distribution and DC rectification system are all arranged in the container.
而且，所述集装箱内的顶部还设置有防爆照明装置。Moreover, an explosion-proof lighting device is also arranged on the top of the container.
而且，所述自动上料系统包括依次相连接设置的自动刮板输送机、接料斗、双挡板门和自动给料机，该自动给料机的输出端与等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的进料口相连接设置。Moreover, the automatic feeding system includes an automatic scraper conveyor, a receiving hopper, a double baffle door and an automatic feeder which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the automatic feeder is connected to the feed port of the plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment system.
而且，所述烟气净化系统包括依次相连接设置的二燃室、半干法脱硫降温塔、布袋除尘器、活性炭吸附器、引风机及烟囱。Moreover, the flue gas purification system comprises a secondary combustion chamber, a semi-dry desulfurization and cooling tower, a bag filter, an activated carbon adsorber, an induced draft fan and a chimney which are sequentially connected.
而且，所述等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统包括上部低温气化室、下部高温熔融室和收缩落灰段，该上部低温气化室通过收缩落灰段相连通设置于下部高温熔融室的上方；所述上部低温气化室内设有固定炉排和温压监测装置，该上部低温气化室的中上部一侧内壁上相连通设置一进料口，所述自动上料系统的自动给料机的输出端与该进料口相连接设置，所述上部低温气化室的顶部相连通设置一上部排烟口；Moreover, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system comprises an upper low-temperature gasification chamber, a lower high-temperature melting chamber and a shrinkage and ash-falling section, wherein the upper low-temperature gasification chamber is arranged above the lower high-temperature melting chamber through the shrinkage and ash-falling section; a fixed grate and a temperature and pressure monitoring device are arranged in the upper low-temperature gasification chamber, a feed port is arranged on the inner wall of one side of the middle and upper part of the upper low-temperature gasification chamber, an output end of the automatic feeder of the automatic feeding system is connected to the feed port, and an upper smoke exhaust port is arranged on the top of the upper low-temperature gasification chamber;
所述下部高温熔融室内沿圆周方向间隔设有多个等离子体喷枪，该下部高温熔融室内还设有温压监测装置，该下部高温熔融室的底部相连通设有排渣口，该下部高温熔融室的顶部一侧相连通设有下部排烟口；A plurality of plasma spray guns are arranged in the lower high-temperature melting chamber at intervals along the circumferential direction, and a temperature and pressure monitoring device is also arranged in the lower high-temperature melting chamber. A slag discharge port is connected to the bottom of the lower high-temperature melting chamber, and a lower smoke discharge port is connected to one side of the top of the lower high-temperature melting chamber.
所述上部排烟口、下部排烟口均与烟气净化系统的输入端相连接设置，所述排渣口与水淬渣出料系统的输入端相连接设置。The upper smoke exhaust port and the lower smoke exhaust port are both connected to the input end of the smoke purification system, and the slag discharge port is connected to the input end of the water-quenched slag discharging system.
而且，所述去离子水循环系统包括依次相连接设置的水箱、增压水泵和冷却降温塔，该冷却降温塔的输出端通过管路依次与调节计量系统、等离子喷枪相连接设置；Moreover, the deionized water circulation system comprises a water tank, a booster water pump and a cooling tower which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the cooling tower is connected to the regulating and metering system and the plasma spray gun in sequence through a pipeline;
所述NaOH碱液供给系统包括依次相连接设置的碱液箱、碱液泵、雾化双流体喷枪，该雾化双流体喷枪的输出端与烟气净化系统的半干法脱硫降温塔相连接设置；The NaOH alkali solution supply system comprises an alkali solution tank, an alkali solution pump, and an atomizing dual-fluid spray gun which are sequentially connected, and the output end of the atomizing dual-fluid spray gun is connected to the semi-dry desulfurization and cooling tower of the flue gas purification system;
所述柴油燃料供给系统包括依次相连接设置的柴油箱、增压输送泵和柴油燃烧器，该柴油燃烧器与等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的上部低温气化室和烟气净化系统的二燃室相连接设置；The diesel fuel supply system comprises a diesel tank, a booster delivery pump and a diesel burner which are connected in sequence, and the diesel burner is connected to the upper low-temperature gasification chamber of the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system and the secondary combustion chamber of the flue gas purification system;
所述压缩氮气制备系统包括依次相连接设置的制氮机和缓存罐，该缓存罐的输出端依次与调节计量系统、等离子喷枪相连接设置；The compressed nitrogen preparation system comprises a nitrogen generator and a buffer tank which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the buffer tank is connected to the regulating and metering system and the plasma spray gun in sequence;
所述水淬渣出料系统包括依次相连接设置的急冷水槽、除渣机和水淬渣缓存箱，所述等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的排渣口与急冷水槽的输入端相连接设置；The water-quenched slag discharging system comprises a quenching water tank, a slag remover and a water-quenching slag buffer box which are sequentially connected, and the slag discharge port of the plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment system is connected to the input end of the quenching water tank;
所述调节计量系统包括依次相连接的温压检测装置、自动调节阀门和流量计量装置，该温压检测装置设置于等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统上；The regulating and metering system comprises a temperature and pressure detection device, an automatic regulating valve and a flow metering device which are connected in sequence, and the temperature and pressure detection device is arranged on the plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment system;
所述供配电及直流整流系统包括配电柜和直流整流柜，该配电柜的出口动力电缆线分别与直流整流柜、自动化操作控制系统、自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统和调节计量系统相连接设置The power supply and distribution and DC rectification system includes a power distribution cabinet and a DC rectification cabinet. The outlet power cable of the power distribution cabinet is respectively connected with the DC rectification cabinet, the automatic operation control system, the automatic feeding system, the plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment system, the flue gas purification system, the deionized water circulation system, the NaOH alkali solution supply system, the diesel fuel supply system, the compressed nitrogen preparation system, the water quenching slag discharging system and the regulating and metering system.
而且，所述自动化操作控制系统包括依次相连接设置的可编程控制柜、手动触摸屏、传感元件、温度压力监测装置、自动调节控制阀组、报警装置、数据记录及打印系统，该可编程控制柜的出口控制电缆线分别与直流整流柜、自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统和调节计量系统相连接设置。Moreover, the automated operation control system comprises a programmable control cabinet, a manual touch screen, a sensor element, a temperature and pressure monitoring device, an automatic regulating control valve group, an alarm device, and a data recording and printing system, which are sequentially connected. The outlet control cable of the programmable control cabinet is respectively connected to a DC rectifier cabinet, an automatic feeding system, a plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, a flue gas purification system, a deionized water circulation system, a NaOH alkali solution supply system, a diesel fuel supply system, a compressed nitrogen preparation system, a water-quenched slag discharging system, and a regulating and metering system.
如上所述的车载移动式危险废弃物等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理装置在气化熔融无害化处理危险废弃物方面中的应用。The vehicle-mounted mobile hazardous waste plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment device as described above is used in the gasification and melting harmless treatment of hazardous waste.
本发明取得的优点和积极效果是：The advantages and positive effects achieved by the present invention are:
1、本发明装置实现了可燃烧高热值危险废弃物和不可燃烧低热值危险废弃物快速、灵活的高温气化熔融无害化处置和资源化利用的目的。本装置解决了地域分散、产废量小的单位所产生的危险废物运输难，处置成本高，危废处理不及时的问题。1. The device of the present invention achieves the purpose of rapid and flexible high-temperature gasification and melting of combustible high-calorific value hazardous waste and non-combustible low-calorific value hazardous waste for harmless disposal and resource utilization. The device solves the problems of difficult transportation, high disposal cost and untimely treatment of hazardous waste generated by units with dispersed locations and small waste production.
2、本发明装置的集装箱可拆卸安装在可移动半挂车上，自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统和供配电及直流整流系统均设置于集装箱内，在进行车辆报验和检修时可以通过吊装集装箱对除可移动半挂车之外的设备进行整体移位，运输过程中四周封闭设置，在户外作业时可以遮蔽风雨，保护设备防止损坏，对于地点分散的危废处置需求具有机动灵活、高效便捷的优点。2. The container of the device of the present invention can be detachably installed on a movable semi-trailer. The automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, regulating and metering system, power supply and distribution and DC rectification system are all arranged in the container. When the vehicle is inspected and repaired, the equipment except the movable semi-trailer can be moved as a whole by lifting the container. During transportation, it is closed on all sides, and can be shielded from wind and rain during outdoor operations to protect the equipment from damage. It has the advantages of flexibility, efficiency and convenience for the disposal of hazardous waste in dispersed locations.
3、本装置采用集装箱式运输，保证设备的完整无损，车内采用防爆照明装置，可实现无盲点户外作业，本发明装置既可以将集装箱设备放置到事先准备好的地点，也可以实现单车集装箱设备运行或单车运送多套集装箱设备运行。3. This device adopts container transportation to ensure the integrity of the equipment. The explosion-proof lighting device is used in the vehicle to achieve outdoor operations without blind spots. The device of the present invention can not only place the container equipment at a pre-prepared location, but also realize the operation of a single-vehicle container equipment or the operation of multiple sets of container equipment transported by a single vehicle.
4、本发明装置采用半干法NaOH溶液进行脱硫降温，能够有效地与烟气中的酸性气体接触，将烟气中的酸性气体充分脱除，与尾气采用湿法脱酸工艺相比更加节水和节能。4. The device of the present invention uses semi-dry NaOH solution for desulfurization and cooling, which can effectively contact with the acidic gas in the flue gas and fully remove the acidic gas in the flue gas. Compared with the wet deacidification process of tail gas, it is more water-saving and energy-saving.
5、本发明装置的尾气净化采用“半干法脱酸+布袋除尘+活性炭吸附”工艺，可以使尾气中的NOx排放浓度低于250mg/Nm3，SO2浓度排放低于80mg/Nm3，HCl浓度排放低于50mg/Nm3，二噁英排放浓度低于0.01ng-TEQ/m3。5. The tail gas purification of the device of the present invention adopts the process of "semi-dry deacidification + bag dust removal + activated carbon adsorption", which can make the NOx emission concentration in the tail gas lower than 250mg/ Nm3 , the SO2 emission concentration lower than 80mg/ Nm3 , the HCl emission concentration lower than 50mg/ Nm3 , and the dioxin emission concentration lower than 0.01ng-TEQ/ m3 .
6、本发明装置尤其适用于不同热值危险废物的焚烧熔融无害化处理，例如：高热值危险废弃物：农药废物、有机溶剂废物、废矿物油、精馏残渣、有机树脂类废物、废卤化有机溶剂、水处理污泥等，低热值危险废弃物：表面处理废物、金属表面处理污泥、电镀污泥、酸洗污泥、金属冶炼浸出渣和焚烧残渣等，属于固废无害化和资源化利用技术领域。6. The device of the present invention is particularly suitable for the incineration, melting and harmless treatment of hazardous wastes with different calorific values, such as: high calorific value hazardous wastes: pesticide wastes, organic solvent wastes, waste mineral oils, distillation residues, organic resin wastes, waste halogenated organic solvents, water treatment sludge, etc., low calorific value hazardous wastes: surface treatment wastes, metal surface treatment sludge, electroplating sludge, pickling sludge, metal smelting leaching slag and incineration residues, etc., belonging to the technical field of solid waste harmlessness and resource utilization.
7、本发明装置为一种危险废弃物高温气化熔融无害化处理系统，一方面高温熔融固化实现了危险废弃物中二噁英彻底氧化分解，重金属及硅钙无机物在高温熔融后通过急冷固化为无毒无害的玻璃态水淬渣。另一方面危险废弃物经过气化后产生的残渣直接进入下部的高温熔池，避免了转运和储存工序，减少了危废处置中心的填埋量。7. The device of the present invention is a high-temperature gasification, melting and harmless treatment system for hazardous waste. On the one hand, high-temperature melting and solidification realizes the complete oxidation and decomposition of dioxins in hazardous waste, and heavy metals and silicon-calcium inorganic substances are rapidly cooled and solidified into non-toxic and harmless glassy water-quenched slag after high-temperature melting. On the other hand, the residues produced after the hazardous waste is gasified directly enter the high-temperature melting pool at the bottom, avoiding the transportation and storage processes and reducing the landfill volume of hazardous waste disposal centers.
8、本发明装置可不受现场条件限制，解决了在特殊情况下可迅速对收集的危险废弃物进行高温气化熔融无害化处理，废气经过净化处理后达标排放，该装置利用等离子高温火焰将气化残渣熔融并急冷为无害的玻璃态水淬渣，彻底实现危险废物的无害化处置和资源化利用。克服了区域分散、量少的危险废物不能迅速处理的不足和产废单位与处置中心运输难的问题。本发明装置具有机动灵活、高效便捷、无二次污染、拆装方便等优点。8. The device of the present invention is not limited by on-site conditions. It solves the problem that under special circumstances, the collected hazardous waste can be quickly subjected to high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment. The waste gas is discharged after purification. The device uses plasma high-temperature flame to melt the gasified residue and quench it into harmless glassy water-quenched slag, which completely realizes the harmless disposal and resource utilization of hazardous waste. It overcomes the problem that the small amount of hazardous waste in the scattered areas cannot be quickly processed and the problem of difficult transportation between the waste-producing units and the disposal center. The device of the present invention has the advantages of flexibility, high efficiency, convenience, no secondary pollution, and easy disassembly and assembly.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明装置的一种结构连接示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a structural connection of the device of the present invention;
图2为图1的俯视示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are only illustrative and not restrictive, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereto.
本发明未具体详细描述的结构，均可以理解为本领域的常规结构。The structures not specifically described in detail in the present invention may be understood as conventional structures in the art.
一种车载移动式危险废弃物等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理装置，如图1和图2所示，所述装置包括集装箱半挂车运输系统1、自动上料系统2、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统3、烟气净化系统4、去离子水循环系统5、NaOH碱液供给系统6、柴油燃料供给系统7、压缩氮气制备系统8、水淬渣出料系统9、调节计量系统10和供配电及直流整流系统11，所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统和供配电及直流整流系统均设置于集装箱半挂车运输系统上，所述等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统与自动上料系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统相连接设置，所述烟气净化系统还与NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统相连接设置，所述调节计量系统与等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、去离子水循环系统和压缩氮气制备系统相连接设置；A vehicle-mounted mobile plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment device for hazardous waste, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the device includes a container semi-trailer transportation system 1, an automatic feeding system 2, a plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system 3, a flue gas purification system 4, a deionized water circulation system 5, a NaOH alkali solution supply system 6, a diesel fuel supply system 7, a compressed nitrogen preparation system 8, a water-quenched slag discharge system 9, a regulating and metering system 10 and a power supply and distribution and DC rectification system 11, the automatic feeding system, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the flue gas purification system, the deionized water circulation system, the NaOH alkali solution supply system , diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, regulating and metering system and power supply and distribution and DC rectification system are all arranged on the container semi-trailer transportation system, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system is connected with the automatic feeding system, the flue gas purification system, the deionized water circulation system, the diesel fuel supply system, the compressed nitrogen preparation system, and the water-quenched slag discharging system, the flue gas purification system is also connected with the NaOH alkali liquid supply system and the diesel fuel supply system, the regulating and metering system is connected with the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the deionized water circulation system and the compressed nitrogen preparation system;
所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统均与供配电及直流整流系统相连接设置。The automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, and regulating and metering system are all connected to the power supply and distribution and DC rectification system.
本装置包括装置包括集装箱半挂车运输系统、自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统和供配电及直流整流系统，所述自动上料系统能够自动上料，所述等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统能够对危险废弃物进行熔融无害化处理，烟气净化系统能够对有害烟气进行净化处理，所述去离子水循环系统能够为等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统提供循环水，所述NaOH碱液供给系统能够为烟气净化系统提供碱液，所述柴油燃料供给系统能够为烟气净化系统提供燃料，所述压缩氮气制备系统能够为去离子水循环系统能够为等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统提供氮气，所述水淬渣出料系统能够将等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的高温液体变为无害的玻璃态水淬渣，所述调节计量系统能够对去离子水循环系统、压缩氮气制备系统输出物料进行计量及调节，所述供配电及直流整流系统能够为自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统提供电源。本发明装置实现了可燃烧高热值危险废弃物和不可燃烧低热值危险废弃物快速、灵活的高温气化熔融无害化处置和资源化利用的目的。本装置解决了地域分散、产废量小的单位所产生的危险废物运输难，处置成本高，危废处理不及时的问题。The device includes a container semi-trailer transportation system, an automatic feeding system, a plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, a flue gas purification system, a deionized water circulation system, a NaOH alkali solution supply system, a diesel fuel supply system, a compressed nitrogen preparation system, a water-quenched slag discharging system, a regulating and metering system, and a power supply and distribution and DC rectification system. The automatic feeding system can automatically feed, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system can melt and harmlessly treat hazardous wastes, the flue gas purification system can purify harmful flue gas, the deionized water circulation system can provide circulating water for the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the NaOH alkali solution supply system can provide alkali solution for the flue gas purification system, and the diesel fuel The material supply system can provide fuel for the flue gas purification system, the compressed nitrogen preparation system can provide nitrogen for the deionized water circulation system and the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the water-quenched slag discharging system can convert the high-temperature liquid of the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system into harmless glassy water-quenched slag, the regulating and metering system can meter and regulate the output materials of the deionized water circulation system and the compressed nitrogen preparation system, and the power supply and distribution and DC rectification system can provide power for the automatic feeding system, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the flue gas purification system, the deionized water circulation system, the NaOH alkali solution supply system, the diesel fuel supply system, the compressed nitrogen preparation system, the water-quenched slag discharging system, and the regulating and metering system. The device of the present invention realizes the purpose of rapid and flexible high-temperature gasification and melting harmless disposal and resource utilization of combustible high-calorific value hazardous waste and non-combustible low-calorific value hazardous waste. This device solves the problems of difficult transportation, high disposal cost and untimely treatment of hazardous waste generated by units with small waste production in a geographically dispersed area.
在本实施例中，所述装置还包括自动化操作控制系统12，所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统、供配电及直流整流系统均与自动化操作控制系统相连接设置，该自动化操作控制系统能够控制自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统、供配电及直流整流系统的动作。In this embodiment, the device also includes an automated operation control system 12, and the automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, adjustment and metering system, power supply and distribution, and DC rectification system are all connected to the automated operation control system, and the automated operation control system can control the actions of the automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, adjustment and metering system, power supply and distribution, and DC rectification system.
在本实施例中，所述集装箱半挂车运输系统包括可移动半挂车103和集装箱104，该集装箱可拆卸安装在可移动半挂车上，该集装箱四周间隔设置有多个检修门101，所述可移动半挂车四周间隔设置有多个折叠楼梯102，便于操作，所述自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统、调节计量系统和供配电及直流整流系统均设置于集装箱内。In this embodiment, the container semi-trailer transportation system includes a movable semi-trailer 103 and a container 104. The container can be detachably installed on the movable semi-trailer. A plurality of inspection doors 101 are arranged at intervals around the container. A plurality of folding stairs 102 are arranged at intervals around the movable semi-trailer for easy operation. The automatic feeding system, plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, flue gas purification system, deionized water circulation system, NaOH alkali solution supply system, diesel fuel supply system, compressed nitrogen preparation system, water-quenched slag discharging system, regulation and metering system, and power supply and distribution and DC rectification system are all arranged in the container.
较优地，所述集装箱内的顶部还设置有防爆照明装置(图中未示出)。Preferably, an explosion-proof lighting device (not shown in the figure) is also provided on the top of the container.
在本实施例中，所述自动上料系统包括依次相连接设置的自动刮板输送机201、接料斗202、双挡板门203和自动给料机204，该自动给料机的输出端与等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的进料口相连接设置。In this embodiment, the automatic feeding system includes an automatic scraper conveyor 201, a receiving hopper 202, a double baffle door 203 and an automatic feeder 204 which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the automatic feeder is connected to the feed port of the plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment system.
在本实施例中，所述等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统包括上部低温气化室301、下部高温熔融室302和收缩落灰段303，该上部低温气化室通过收缩落灰段相连通设置于下部高温熔融室的上方，收缩落灰段不但使得物料顺畅流过，而且也能够减少热量损失；所述上部低温气化室内设有固定炉排304和温压监测装置(图中未示出)，该上部低温气化室的中上部一侧内壁上相连通设置一进料口305，所述自动上料系统的自动给料机的输出端与该进料口相连接设置，所述上部低温气化室的顶部相连通设置一上部排烟口306；In this embodiment, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system includes an upper low-temperature gasification chamber 301, a lower high-temperature melting chamber 302 and a shrinkage ash-falling section 303. The upper low-temperature gasification chamber is connected to the lower high-temperature melting chamber through the shrinkage ash-falling section and is arranged above the lower high-temperature melting chamber. The shrinkage ash-falling section not only allows the material to flow smoothly, but also reduces heat loss. A fixed grate 304 and a temperature and pressure monitoring device (not shown in the figure) are provided in the upper low-temperature gasification chamber. A feed port 305 is connected to the inner wall of one side of the middle and upper part of the upper low-temperature gasification chamber. The output end of the automatic feeder of the automatic feeding system is connected to the feed port. An upper smoke exhaust port 306 is connected to the top of the upper low-temperature gasification chamber.
所述下部高温熔融室内沿圆周方向间隔设有多个等离子体喷枪307，该下部高温熔融室内还设有温压监测装置(图中未示出)，该下部高温熔融室的底部相连通设有排渣口308，该下部高温熔融室的顶部一侧相连通设有下部排烟口309；A plurality of plasma spray guns 307 are arranged in the lower high-temperature melting chamber at intervals along the circumferential direction. A temperature and pressure monitoring device (not shown in the figure) is also arranged in the lower high-temperature melting chamber. A slag discharge port 308 is connected to the bottom of the lower high-temperature melting chamber, and a lower smoke discharge port 309 is connected to one side of the top of the lower high-temperature melting chamber.
所述上部排烟口、下部排烟口均与烟气净化系统的输入端相连接设置，所述排渣口与水淬渣出料系统的输入端相连接设置。The upper smoke exhaust port and the lower smoke exhaust port are both connected to the input end of the smoke purification system, and the slag discharge port is connected to the input end of the water-quenched slag discharging system.
在本实施例中，所述烟气净化系统4包括依次相连接设置的二燃室401、半干法脱硫降温塔402、布袋除尘器403、活性炭吸附器404、引风机及烟囱405。In this embodiment, the flue gas purification system 4 includes a secondary combustion chamber 401, a semi-dry desulfurization cooling tower 402, a bag filter 403, an activated carbon adsorber 404, an induced draft fan and a chimney 405 which are sequentially connected.
在本实施例中，所述去离子水循环系统5包括依次相连接设置的水箱501、增压水泵502和冷却降温塔503，该冷却降温塔的输出端通过管路依次与调节计量系统、等离子喷枪相连接设置。In this embodiment, the deionized water circulation system 5 includes a water tank 501, a booster pump 502 and a cooling tower 503 which are connected in sequence. The output end of the cooling tower is connected to the regulating and metering system and the plasma spray gun in sequence through pipelines.
在本实施例中，所述NaOH碱液供给系统6包括依次相连接设置的碱液箱601、碱液泵602、雾化双流体喷枪(图中未示出)，该雾化双流体喷枪的输出端与烟气净化系统的半干法脱硫降温塔相连接设置。In this embodiment, the NaOH alkali solution supply system 6 includes an alkali solution tank 601, an alkali solution pump 602, and an atomizing two-fluid spray gun (not shown in the figure) which are connected in sequence. The output end of the atomizing two-fluid spray gun is connected to the semi-dry desulfurization and cooling tower of the flue gas purification system.
在本实施例中，所述柴油燃料供给系统7包括依次相连接设置的柴油箱701、增压输送泵702和柴油燃烧器(图中未示出)，该柴油燃烧器与等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的上部低温气化室和烟气净化系统的二燃室相连接设置。In this embodiment, the diesel fuel supply system 7 includes a diesel tank 701, a booster delivery pump 702 and a diesel burner (not shown in the figure) which are connected in sequence. The diesel burner is connected to the upper low-temperature gasification chamber of the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system and the secondary combustion chamber of the flue gas purification system.
在本实施例中，所述压缩氮气制备系统8包括依次相连接设置的制氮机801和缓存罐802，该缓存罐的输出端依次与调节计量系统、等离子喷枪相连接设置。In this embodiment, the compressed nitrogen preparation system 8 includes a nitrogen generator 801 and a buffer tank 802 which are connected in sequence, and the output end of the buffer tank is connected to the regulating and metering system and the plasma spray gun in sequence.
在本实施例中，所述水淬渣出料系统9包括依次相连接设置的急冷水槽901、除渣机902和水淬渣缓存箱903，所述等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的排渣口与急冷水槽的输入端相连接设置。In this embodiment, the water-quenched slag discharging system 9 includes a quenching water tank 901, a slag remover 902 and a water-quenching slag buffer box 903 which are connected in sequence, and the slag discharge port of the plasma high-temperature gasification melting harmless treatment system is connected to the input end of the quenching water tank.
在本实施例中，所述调节计量系统10包括依次相连接的温压检测装置、自动调节阀门1001和流量计量装置1002，该温压检测装置设置于等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统上。In this embodiment, the regulating and metering system 10 includes a temperature and pressure detection device, an automatic regulating valve 1001 and a flow metering device 1002 which are connected in sequence. The temperature and pressure detection device is arranged on the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system.
在本实施例中，所述供配电及直流整流系统11包括配电柜1101和直流整流柜1102，该配电柜的出口动力电缆线分别与直流整流柜、自动化操作控制系统、自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统和调节计量系统相连接设置。In this embodiment, the power supply and distribution and DC rectification system 11 includes a distribution cabinet 1101 and a DC rectifier cabinet 1102, and the outlet power cable of the distribution cabinet is respectively connected to the DC rectifier cabinet, the automatic operation control system, the automatic feeding system, the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, the flue gas purification system, the deionized water circulation system, the NaOH alkali solution supply system, the diesel fuel supply system, the compressed nitrogen preparation system, the water-quenched slag discharging system and the adjustment and metering system.
在本实施例中，所述自动化操作控制系统12包括依次相连接设置的可编程控制柜1201、手动触摸屏、传感元件、温度压力监测装置、自动调节控制阀组、报警装置、数据记录及打印系统(图中均未示出)，该可编程控制柜的出口控制电缆线分别与直流整流柜、自动上料系统、等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统、烟气净化系统、去离子水循环系统、NaOH碱液供给系统、柴油燃料供给系统、压缩氮气制备系统、水淬渣出料系统和调节计量系统相连接设置。In this embodiment, the automated operation control system 12 includes a programmable control cabinet 1201, a manual touch screen, a sensor element, a temperature and pressure monitoring device, an automatic regulating control valve group, an alarm device, and a data recording and printing system (not shown in the figure) which are connected in sequence. The outlet control cable of the programmable control cabinet is respectively connected to a DC rectifier cabinet, an automatic feeding system, a plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system, a flue gas purification system, a deionized water circulation system, a NaOH alkali solution supply system, a diesel fuel supply system, a compressed nitrogen preparation system, a water-quenched slag discharging system, and a regulating and metering system.
本发明车载移动式危险废弃物等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理装置的一种工作原理为：One working principle of the vehicle-mounted mobile hazardous waste plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment device of the present invention is:
危险废弃物通过自动给料系统进入等离子体高温气化熔融无害化处理系统的上部低温气化室，危险废弃物在固定炉排上实现焚烧气化，焚烧气化后的无机物残渣通过中部的收缩落灰管进入下部高温熔融室，在等离子喷枪的灼烧下完全熔融并流入水淬渣出料系统，变为无害的玻璃态水淬渣。气化熔融烟气通过上部排烟口和下部排烟口依次进入二燃室，烟气中的小分子有机物在二燃室完全充分燃烧，二燃室的辅助燃料由柴油燃料供给系统提供。出二燃室的烟气进入后续的半干法脱硫降温塔，脱硫剂由NaOH碱液供给系统输送来，烟气在半干法脱硫降温塔内完成酸性气体脱除和烟气降温。随后烟气进入布袋除尘器进行除尘和活性炭吸附塔进行二噁英脱除，确保烟气达标排放。Hazardous waste enters the upper low-temperature gasification chamber of the plasma high-temperature gasification and melting harmless treatment system through an automatic feeding system. Hazardous waste is incinerated and gasified on a fixed grate. The inorganic residue after incineration and gasification enters the lower high-temperature melting chamber through the shrinkage ash-dropping pipe in the middle. It is completely melted under the burning of the plasma spray gun and flows into the water-quenched slag discharging system to become harmless glassy water-quenched slag. The gasified molten flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber through the upper and lower exhaust ports in turn. The small molecular organic matter in the flue gas is completely and fully burned in the secondary combustion chamber. The auxiliary fuel of the secondary combustion chamber is provided by the diesel fuel supply system. The flue gas out of the secondary combustion chamber enters the subsequent semi-dry desulfurization and cooling tower. The desulfurizer is transported by the NaOH alkali solution supply system. The flue gas completes the removal of acidic gas and flue gas cooling in the semi-dry desulfurization and cooling tower. The flue gas then enters the bag filter for dust removal and the activated carbon adsorption tower for dioxin removal to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards.
尽管为说明目的公开了本发明的实施例，但是本领域的技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明及所附权利要求的精神和范围内，各种替换、变化和修改都是可能的，因此，本发明的范围不局限于实施例所公开的内容。Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiments.
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