CN110699548A - Lead grid smelting processing technology - Google Patents
Lead grid smelting processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN110699548A CN110699548A CN201910872598.6A CN201910872598A CN110699548A CN 110699548 A CN110699548 A CN 110699548A CN 201910872598 A CN201910872598 A CN 201910872598A CN 110699548 A CN110699548 A CN 110699548A
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKIWQIUJLIJZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].O=[C] Chemical class [N].O=[C] IKIWQIUJLIJZJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lead grid smelting processing technology, which comprises the following steps: s1, screening out lead grids, continuously carrying out secondary crushing to reduce the size of the lead grids to be within 20mm, and washing the crushed materials by tap water; step S2, drying the washed lead grid powder particles, controlling the moisture content to be less than 2%, and adding the lead grid powder particles into a converter for low-temperature melting; step S3, separating lead liquid from dross ash by using a dross salvaging device; and step S4, sending the purified lead liquid to the next step to prepare alloy. According to the invention, the lead grid is smelted in a low-temperature smelting mode, NaOH is added as a desulfurizer and fly ash is added as a reducing agent in the smelting process, the sulfur content of the lead liquid after pre-desulphurization is very low, and SO is reduced2The discharge amount of the catalyst is reduced, the smelting temperature is greatly reduced, the fuel consumption is reduced, and the nitrogen and carbon oxides are further reducedThe emission amount of the catalyst reduces the pollution to the atmosphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste lead storage battery recovery, and particularly relates to a lead grid smelting processing technology.
Background
In recent years, the development of smokeless vehicles such as electric automobiles leads the lead-acid storage battery industry to have greater development, and the larger the yield of the lead-acid storage battery is, the more the lead-acid storage battery needs to be scrapped and updated. In the aspects of production and recycling of secondary lead, the raw material sources are more, and more than 90 percent of the raw material sources come from waste lead-acid storage batteries. The waste lead-acid storage battery is crushed by an automatic crushing and sorting system to generate four components, namely waste lead grids, lead mud, waste plastics and partition paper, wherein the waste lead grids account for about 25%. The lead grid is mostly lead-based alloy, contains valuable elements such as antimony, tin and the like, and can be directly produced by low-temperature melting.
The Chinese patent with the patent number of CN201610725484.5 discloses a process for separating and recovering lead parts, lead grid low-temperature deslagging and copper pole columns of waste lead-acid storage batteries, and the process for separating and recovering the lead parts, the lead grid low-temperature deslagging and the copper pole columns of the waste lead-acid storage batteries comprises the following steps: 1. after crushing and sorting, separating high tin-containing alloy such as grids and lead parts from waste lead plaster and waste plastic shells; 2. the battery wiring copper pole is mixed in the lead grid, dried by a dryer and then smelted in a low-temperature lead smelting pot; 3. the lead liquid in the lead melting pot conducts heat transfer on the lead grid and the lead parts; 4. and the complete separation of slag and a copper pole is realized. The smelting process does not carry out desulfurization treatment, so that the sulfur content in the lead liquid is large, and the environment is not protected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lead grid smelting processing technology, which is characterized in that a low-temperature smelting mode is adopted to smelt a lead grid, and in the smelting process, the lead grid is addedNaOH is used as a desulfurizer and fly ash is used as a reducing agent, the sulfur content of the lead liquid after pre-desulfurization is very low, and SO is reduced2The discharge amount of the process is reduced, meanwhile, the smelting temperature is greatly reduced, the fuel consumption is reduced, the discharge amount of nitrogen carbon oxides is further reduced, and the pollution to the atmosphere is reduced.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a lead grid smelting processing technology comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and sorting the waste lead-acid storage batteries, screening out lead grids, continuously performing secondary crushing to reduce the size of the lead grids to be within 20mm, and washing the crushed materials for 2-3 times by using tap water;
step S2, drying the washed lead grid powder particles, controlling the moisture content to be less than 2%, adding the lead grid powder particles into a converter for low-temperature melting, and controlling the temperature in the converter to be 450-550 ℃;
step S3, putting the mixture obtained by smelting in the step S2 into a containing tank 13 of a dross salvaging device, and separating lead liquid and dross ash by adopting the dross salvaging device;
and S4, sending the purified lead liquid to the next procedure to prepare alloy, and finishing the smelting of the lead grid.
Further, in step S2, the converter uses a gas/oxygen burner.
Further, in step S2, sodium hydroxide and fly ash are added during the smelting process, where the amount of the added sodium hydroxide is 8% of the mass of the lead grid powder, and the amount of the added fly ash is 6% of the mass of the lead grid powder.
Further, the dross salvaging device in the step S3 includes a carrying device and a linkage device installed on the carrying device;
the bearing device comprises a bearing bottom plate, wherein a containing tank is placed on the upper surface of the bearing bottom plate through a heat insulation pad, and a mixture of lead liquid and scum ash is contained in the containing tank; a supporting plate is fixed on the upper surface of the bearing bottom plate, a first shaft lever is installed on the surface of the supporting plate through a bearing, a first upright post is fixed on the surface of the supporting plate, a transverse plate is fixed on the side surface of the supporting plate, and a second shaft lever and a third shaft lever are installed on the surface of the transverse plate through a bearing;
the linkage device comprises a first cam, a second cam, a gear mechanism and a fishing mechanism, wherein the first cam is fixed on the first shaft lever, and the second cam is fixed on the third shaft lever; the gear mechanism comprises a first gear, a second gear and a third gear, the first gear is fixed on the first shaft lever, the second gear is fixed on the second shaft lever, and the third gear is fixed on the third shaft lever; the fishing mechanism comprises a connecting rod, a second round through hole is formed in the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is movably mounted on the first stand column through the second round through hole; a first disc and a second disc are respectively fixed at two ends of the connecting rod, the first disc is in contact fit with the first cam, and the second disc is in contact fit with the second cam; the lower surface of connecting rod is fixed with the collar through the spliced pole, and the installation is intra-annular to run through and to install the junk basket.
Further, the second gear is positioned between the first gear and the third gear, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear and the second gear respectively.
Further, the second circular through hole is located at 1/3 of the length of the link.
Further, the convex part of the first cam and the convex part of the second cam are in a centrosymmetric positional relationship.
Furthermore, the fishing basket is movably arranged in the mounting ring through a connecting rod.
Further, the working mode of the scum fishing device is as follows: the first shaft lever is connected with a motor, the motor drives the first shaft lever to rotate, and in the rotating process, the third shaft lever and the first shaft lever do rotating motion with the same frequency and the same direction through meshing transmission between gears; placing the smelted material obtained in the step S3 in a containing tank, when the protruding part does not contact with the first disc at the end side of the connecting rod in the rotating process of the first cam, the fishing basket falls into the containing tank under the action of gravity, the fishing basket cannot be fished under the action of buoyancy of liquid in the tank, and in the process that the protruding part of the second cam slowly contacts with the second disc at the other end of the connecting rod, a downward force is given to the protruding part of the first cam slowly contacting with the first disc and the other end of the connecting rod by overcoming the buoyancy of the fishing basket under the action of the downward force so as to salvage the basket away from the containing tank and finish the fishing process in a circulation step; after fishing, through the swivelling joint pole, the angle of adjustment junk basket pours the dross ash in the junk basket into, accomplishes the dross and salvages.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the lead grid is smelted in a low-temperature smelting mode, NaOH is added as a desulfurizer and fly ash is added as a reducing agent in the smelting process, the sulfur content of the lead liquid after pre-desulphurization is very low, and SO is reduced2The discharge amount of the process is reduced, meanwhile, the smelting temperature is greatly reduced, the fuel consumption is reduced, the discharge amount of nitrogen carbon oxides is further reduced, and the pollution to the atmosphere is reduced;
according to the invention, the scum ash is salvaged by adopting a specially-made scum fishing device, when the protruding part is not contacted with the first disc at the end side of the connecting rod in the rotating process of the first cam, the fishing basket falls into the containing tank under the action of gravity, the fishing basket cannot be salvaged under the action of buoyancy of liquid in the tank, and a lateral downward force is given to the end of the connecting rod in the process of slowly contacting the protruding part of the second cam with the second disc at the other end of the connecting rod; after fishing is finished, the angle of the fishing basket is adjusted by rotating the connecting rod, and floating slag ash in the fishing basket is poured out; the dross salvaging device is used for salvaging dross in the mixture of the lead liquid and the dross ash, and a mechanized mode is adopted, so that manual salvaging can be effectively replaced, and manpower is effectively saved; meanwhile, the salvage process is circularly automatic, scum ash and lead liquid can be effectively separated, more pure lead liquid is obtained, and the purpose of purifying the lead liquid is achieved.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the dross salvaging apparatus of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a carrying device of the dross salvaging apparatus of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial structural schematic view of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a partial structural schematic view of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A lead grid smelting processing technology comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and sorting the waste lead-acid storage batteries, screening out lead grids, continuously performing secondary crushing to reduce the size of the lead grids to be within 20mm, and washing the crushed materials for 2-3 times by using tap water;
step S2, drying the washed lead grid powder particles, controlling the moisture content to be less than 2%, adding the lead grid powder particles into a converter for low-temperature melting, and controlling the temperature in the converter to be 450-550 ℃;
wherein, the converter uses a gas/oxygen burner, which can remarkably reduce the gas cleaning treatment process and reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxide;
adding sodium hydroxide as a desulfurizer in the low-temperature smelting process, wherein the adding amount is 8% of the mass of the lead grid powder particles, and adding fly ash as a reducer, wherein the adding amount is 6% of the mass of the lead grid powder particles;
step S3, putting the mixture (including the lead liquid and the dross ash) obtained by smelting in the step S2 into a containing tank 13 in a dross salvaging device, and separating the lead liquid and the dross ash by adopting the dross salvaging device;
and S4, sending the purified lead liquid to the next procedure to prepare alloy, and finishing the smelting of the lead grid.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the dross salvaging apparatus of step S3 includes a carrier 1 and a linkage 2 installed on the carrier 1;
as shown in fig. 2, the bearing device 1 includes a bearing bottom plate 11, first circular through holes are formed at four vertex angles of the surface of the bearing bottom plate 11, and bolts pass through the first circular through holes to fix the whole floating slag salvaging device on an operation table; the upper surface of the bearing bottom plate 11 is provided with a containing tank 13 through a heat insulation pad 12, and the containing tank 13 is filled with a mixture of lead liquid and scum ash; a support plate 14 is fixed on the upper surface of the bearing bottom plate 11, a first shaft rod 15 is installed on the surface of the support plate 14 through a bearing, and one end of the first shaft rod 15 is connected with a motor; a first upright post 16 is fixed on the surface of the support plate 14, a transverse plate 17 is fixed on the side surface of the support plate 14, and a second shaft lever 18 and a third shaft lever 19 are mounted on the surface of the transverse plate 17 through bearings;
as shown in fig. 3, the linkage 2 includes a first cam 21, a second cam 22, a gear mechanism and a fishing mechanism 24, the first cam 21 being fixed to the first shaft 15, the second cam 22 being fixed to the third shaft 19; the gear mechanism comprises a first gear 231, a second gear 232 and a third gear 233, wherein the first gear 231 is fixed on the first shaft rod 15, the second gear 232 is fixed on the second shaft rod 18, the third gear 233 is fixed on the third shaft rod 19, the second gear 232 is positioned between the first gear 231 and the third gear 233, and the second gear 232 is respectively meshed with the first gear 231 and the second gear 232; as shown in fig. 4, the fishing mechanism 24 includes a connecting rod 241, a second circular through hole is opened on the connecting rod 241, the second circular through hole 242 is located at 1/3 of the length of the connecting rod 241, and the connecting rod 241 is movably mounted on the first upright post 16 through the second circular through hole; a first disc 242 and a second disc 243 are respectively fixed at two ends of the connecting rod 241, the first disc 242 is in contact fit with the first cam 21, and the second disc 243 is in contact fit with the second cam 22, it should be noted that the protruding portion of the first cam 21 and the protruding portion of the second cam 22 are in a centrosymmetric positional relationship, that is, when the protruding portion of the first cam 21 faces vertically downward along with the rotation, the protruding portion of the second cam 22 faces vertically upward; a mounting ring 245 is fixed on the lower surface of the connecting rod 241 through a connecting column 244, a salvaging basket 246 is installed in the mounting ring 245 in a penetrating manner, specifically, the salvaging basket 246 is movably installed in the mounting ring 245 through a connecting rod 247, and the angle of the salvaging basket 246 can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating angle of the connecting rod 247, so that the fished scum ash can be conveniently salvaged and dumped;
the working principle and the mode of the scum fishing device are as follows:
the first shaft rod 15 is connected with a motor, the motor drives the first shaft rod to rotate, and in the rotating process, the third shaft rod 19 and the first shaft rod 15 do rotating motion with the same frequency and the same direction through the meshing transmission effect among gears;
the melt obtained in step S3 is placed in the holding pot 13, and when the protruding portion does not contact the first disk 242 on the end side of the connecting rod 241 during the rotation of the first cam 21, the basket 246 falls into the holding tank 13 by gravity, and the basket 246 cannot perform a fishing operation by buoyancy of the liquid in the tank, and as the protrusion of the second cam 22 is slowly contacted with the second disc 243 at the other end of the connecting rod 241, a downward force is applied to the end side of the connecting rod 241, under this force, the basket 246 overcomes the buoyancy to effect salvage of surface scum ash, and as the projection of the second cam 22 moves away from the second disc 243, the projection of the first cam 21 slowly contacts the first disc 242, giving the other end of the link 241 a downward force, thereby allowing the basket 246 to be removed from the holding tank 13 to complete the fishing process in one cycle; after fishing, the angle of the fishing basket 246 is adjusted by rotating the connecting rod 247, and floating slag in the fishing basket 246 is poured out;
according to the invention, the dross salvaging device is used for salvaging dross in the mixture of lead liquid and dross ash, and a mechanized mode is adopted, so that manual salvaging can be effectively replaced, and manpower is effectively saved; meanwhile, the salvage process is circularly automatic, scum ash and lead liquid can be effectively separated, more pure lead liquid is obtained, and the purpose of purifying the lead liquid is achieved.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (9)
1. The lead grid smelting processing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing and sorting the waste lead-acid storage batteries, screening out lead grids, continuously performing secondary crushing to reduce the size of the lead grids to be within 20mm, and washing the crushed materials for 2-3 times by using tap water;
step S2, drying the washed lead grid powder particles, controlling the moisture content to be less than 2%, adding the lead grid powder particles into a converter for low-temperature melting, and controlling the temperature in the converter to be 450-550 ℃;
s3, putting the mixture obtained by smelting in the step S2 into a containing tank (13) of a dross salvaging device, and separating lead liquid and dross ash by adopting the dross salvaging device;
and S4, sending the purified lead liquid to the next procedure to prepare alloy, and finishing the smelting of the lead grid.
2. The lead grid smelting process of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the converter uses a gas/oxygen burner.
3. The lead grid smelting process according to claim 1, wherein sodium hydroxide and fly ash are added in step S2 during smelting, the amount of sodium hydroxide added is 8% of the mass of the lead grid powder, and the amount of fly ash added is 6% of the mass of the lead grid powder.
4. The lead grid smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the dross salvaging device in step S3 includes a carrying device (1) and a linkage device (2) mounted on the carrying device (1);
the bearing device (1) comprises a bearing bottom plate (11), a containing tank (13) is placed on the upper surface of the bearing bottom plate (11) through a heat insulation pad (12), and a mixture of lead liquid and scum ash is contained in the containing tank (13); a supporting plate (14) is fixed on the upper surface of the bearing bottom plate (11), a first shaft lever (15) is installed on the surface of the supporting plate (14) through a bearing, a first upright post (16) is fixed on the surface of the supporting plate (14), a transverse plate (17) is fixed on the side surface of the supporting plate (14), and a second shaft lever (18) and a third shaft lever (19) are installed on the surface of the transverse plate (17) through a bearing;
the linkage device (2) comprises a first cam (21), a second cam (22), a gear mechanism and a fishing mechanism (24), wherein the first cam (21) is fixed on the first shaft lever (15), and the second cam (22) is fixed on the third shaft lever (19); the gear mechanism comprises a first gear (231), a second gear (232) and a third gear (233), the first gear (231) is fixed on the first shaft lever (15), the second gear (232) is fixed on the second shaft lever (18), and the third gear (233) is fixed on the third shaft lever (19); the fishing mechanism (24) comprises a connecting rod (241), a second circular through hole is formed in the connecting rod (241), and the connecting rod (241) is movably mounted on the first upright post (16) through the second circular through hole; a first disc (242) and a second disc (243) are respectively fixed at two ends of the connecting rod (241), the first disc (242) is in contact fit with the first cam (21), and the second disc (243) is in contact fit with the second cam (22); the lower surface of the connecting rod (241) is fixed with a mounting ring (245) through a connecting column (244), and a fishing basket (246) is installed in the mounting ring (245) in a penetrating mode.
5. The lead grid smelting process according to claim 4, wherein the second gear (232) is located between the first gear (231) and the third gear (233), and the second gear (232) is meshed with the first gear (231) and the second gear (232).
6. The lead grid smelting process according to claim 4, wherein said second circular through hole is located at 1/3 of the length of the connecting rod (241).
7. A lead grid smelting process according to claim 4, wherein the convex portion of the first cam (21) is in a centrosymmetric positional relationship with the convex portion of the second cam (22).
8. A lead grid smelting process according to claim 4, wherein the basket (246) is movably mounted within the mounting ring (245) by connecting rods (247).
9. The lead grid smelting process of claim 4, wherein the dross salvaging apparatus operates as follows: the first shaft lever (15) is connected with a motor, the motor drives the first shaft lever (15) to rotate, and in the rotating process, the third shaft lever (19) and the first shaft lever (15) do rotating motion with the same frequency and the same direction through meshing transmission among gears; placing the smelt obtained in the step S3 in a containing tank (13), when the protruding part does not contact with a first disc (242) at the end side of a connecting rod (241) in the process of rotating a first cam (21), a fishing basket (246) can fall into the containing tank (13) under the action of gravity, the fishing basket (246) can not carry out fishing operation under the action of buoyancy of liquid in the tank, and when the protruding part of a second cam (22) slowly contacts with a second disc (243) at the other end of the connecting rod (241), downward force is given to the end side of the connecting rod (241), under the action of the downward force, the fishing basket (246) overcomes the buoyancy to realize fishing of surface layer scum ash, and when the protruding part of the second cam (22) gradually leaves away from the second disc (243), the protruding part of the first cam (21) slowly contacts with the first disc (242), and downward force is given to the other end of the connecting rod (241), thereby enabling the fishing basket (246) to leave the containing tank (13) and completing the fishing process in one cycle step; after fishing, the angle of the fishing basket (246) is adjusted by rotating the connecting rod (247), and scum in the fishing basket (246) is poured out to finish scum fishing.
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