CN110558140A - Chinese chestnut rejuvenation pruning method capable of controlling large pipe and small pipe to be alternately updated - Google Patents
Chinese chestnut rejuvenation pruning method capable of controlling large pipe and small pipe to be alternately updated Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558140A CN110558140A CN201910976668.2A CN201910976668A CN110558140A CN 110558140 A CN110558140 A CN 110558140A CN 201910976668 A CN201910976668 A CN 201910976668A CN 110558140 A CN110558140 A CN 110558140A
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 235000006667 Aleurites moluccana Nutrition 0.000 title description 10
- 240000004957 Castanea mollissima Species 0.000 title description 10
- 235000018244 Castanea mollissima Nutrition 0.000 title description 10
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004883 flower formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003676 hair loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a chestnut tree pruning method for controlling large-size pipes and alternately updating and rejuvenating, and belongs to the field of chestnut tree pruning. The pruning method disclosed by the invention comprises the steps of controlling the number of big branches, removing top vigorous branches, keeping relatively strong result mother branch results, and removing thin and weak redundant invalid branches; 2 parallel robust fruiting mother branches are reserved in the front end branch group, a 2-4cm updated peg is reserved at the adjacent position to promote the peg to generate a developmental branch for fruiting in the next year; after continuous 3-year fruiting and cultivation, the peg is cut and trapped by overlong front-end branch groups to promote the growing and developing branches for fruiting in the next year. The invention can save nutrients, rejuvenate the tree vigor, realize free contraction of the crown, ensure that the crown is internally and externally transparent and has fruiting mother branches inside and outside, thereby achieving the purpose of three-dimensional fruiting.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the field of Chinese chestnut tree pruning, and particularly relates to a Chinese chestnut tree pruning method capable of controlling large pipes and alternately updating small pipes.
Background
Chinese chestnut is one of main woody grain tree species in China, but because the Chinese chestnut has the biological characteristics of strong preference, apical dominance, strong branching force and the like, the crown is easy to close, the internal illumination and ventilation of the crown are insufficient, the phenomenon that fruit parts of the crown move outwards is caused, the fruit yield is reduced, the quality is reduced, and the economic loss is caused. The tree body structure can be adjusted through winter pruning, the illumination inside the tree crown can be adjusted, the nutrition distribution among all organs can be adjusted, the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the tree crown with different pruning strengths are different, the temperature, the humidity and the illumination are different, and therefore the difference of the morphological structure and the physiological characteristics of the tree body leaves is influenced.
For a long time, people have been aware of the effect and significance of pruning on preventing the phenomenon of fruit position outward moving and baldness in the crown, but only aiming at the adjustment and the reduction of the tree shape of the Chinese chestnut, the number of mother branches is selected during pruning, the crown can achieve good ventilation and light transmission conditions, the nutrition of the tree body is balanced, better substance accumulation is provided for the growth of plants, and then the research on improving the yield of the Chinese chestnut is not many.
at present, the traditional Chinese chestnut pruning method mainly comprises three methods of clear chamber pruning, solid chamber pruning and alternate updating pruning.
The first eviscerating method includes the specific steps of trimming with sickle to eliminate weak branch and maintain 2-3 strong branches. This shearing method has three disadvantages: (1) the strong fruiting mother branches are only used for fruiting, the fruiting parts are moved outwards year after year, and the fruiting parts are moved to the top ends of the branch tips. (2) The inner chamber does not have any branch groups to occupy space, thereby causing space waste, low yield and poor quality. (3) The tree body is tall, labor-consuming and laborious, and the operation is unsafe.
The second solid pruning method includes the specific steps of pruning with high branch scissors to eliminate weak branch in the lower part and strong branch in the top part while maintaining intermediate branch in the middle and lower part. Controlling the outward moving speed of the result part. And (4) reserving the sent spindly branches when thinning out the big branches, and slowly culturing the spindly branches into fruiting branch group results. This shearing method has three disadvantages: (1) strong fruiting mother branches are not utilized for fruiting, the yield is low, and the fruit quality is poor. (2) The fruiting branch group cultured by the bare-grown branches in the inner chamber enters the fruiting period late, the branch group occupies large space, the illumination of the inner chamber is influenced, the yield is low, and the fruit quality is poor. (3) The tree body is tall, labor-consuming and laborious, and the operation is unsafe.
And a third alternative updating pruning method comprises the specific steps of pruning weak branches by using pruning shears during pruning, reserving 1-2 strong branches at the top end, selecting branches at the lower part of the pruning method from 1-3 annual growing parts, reserving 2-3 cm long peg branches for pruning, and promoting the peg branches to emit 1-2 robust developmental branches. And (4) when pruning is carried out next year, newly-sent developing branches are left to bear fruits in the current year. And (3) cutting the branches which have fruit in the current year for 2-3 cm, promoting new developing branches to be used for bearing fruit in the next year. In this way, a turn, called 'alternate update' pruning, is realized in two years. The advantages of the pruning are short tree, convenient and safe operation, no outward shift of fruiting part and controllable range. It has three disadvantages: (1) some varieties are not suitable. The variety with easy flower formation has high fruiting yield and good quality, and some varieties with poor flower formation capability have no fruiting ability of the developing branches emitted in the same year, thus causing low yield. (2) The pruning method requires high fertilizer and water management conditions. When the supply of fertilizer and water is insufficient, the tree vigor is weaker and weaker due to large pruning amount, and a small and old tree is formed. (3) The technology is complex, the fruit grower is difficult to learn and master the scale. The cutting is heavy, the yield of the runner is low, the cutting is light, the quality of the fruit is poor, and the phenomenon of fruiting in large and small years sometimes occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a chestnut rejuvenation pruning method for controlling large pipes and small pipes alternately. The method is simple and easy to learn, is convenient to operate, can realize the alternate updating of the Chinese chestnut branches, rejuvenate the tree vigor, control the outward movement of fruiting parts and realize the three-dimensional fruiting.
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. Removing ineffective big branches after grafting the chestnut trees into the cultivated varieties: according to the shaping requirements, main branches, side branches and fruiting branch groups are selected and reserved, and the reasonable tree height is controlled.
2. When pruning is carried out in the first year, strong branches positioned at the top end are thinned, 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction are kept to bear fruits in the current year, and weak branches at the lower part are all thinned, namely the control pipe is small.
3. When pruning is carried out in the second year, one branch group with two fruits is used for thinning the strong branches positioned at the top end, 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction are reserved for fruiting in the current year, and all the weak branches below are thinned. And the other one is cut at the base part by 2-4cm and used for bearing fruits in the next year after the newly developed branches are planted for the peg stumps.
4. And when pruning is carried out in the third year, 2 growing branches with similar thick and strong growing vigor and generated on the peg stub in the second year are reserved, and redundant thinning is carried out. And for branches of two fruiting mother branches remained during pruning in the second year, selecting the branches at the opposite sides of the branches for leaving peg in the second year to reserve 2-4cm cuts at the base part, and promoting new developing branches for fruiting in the next year. And the other one is used for pruning a top strong branch, reserving the lower 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction, and completely thinning the weak branches below the strong branches.
5. When pruning in the fourth year, 2-4cm of cuttings are reserved at the base parts of the two strong branches which are reserved for fruiting in the third year, and new developing branches are promoted for fruiting in the next year; and 2 strong branches are reserved for the updated branches emitted by the peg stub in the third year of pruning.
6. After a new developmental branch fruiting is promoted by the peg crops intercepted by 2-4cm pruning at the base part in each year of pruning, pruning according to the method of the third year and the fourth year;
7. the chestnut tree is pruned all the time according to the method, so that the alternative updating can be realized, the tree vigor is rejuvenated, the outward movement of fruiting parts is controlled, and the three-dimensional fruiting is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the big branches are controlled, the small branches are managed, the strong branch results are utilized, the redundant invalid small branches are removed, the nutrition is concentrated, and the robustness of the tree vigor is guaranteed.
2. Utilizing the results of the former stronger branches, reserving the prepared branches and culturing the later bearing branches for the next year, realizing alternate updating after 3 years of continuous fruiting and culturing, realizing 3 years of one-cycle (from the winter of the first year to the winter of the fourth year), rather than updating every other year (namely alternate updating). The alternative updating has stable yield, good quality, easy technology learning, easy operation, controllable crown size, more convenient and safer management, can realize free scaling of the crown, ensures that the crown is internally and externally transparent, realizes internal and external three-dimensional fruiting, can achieve stable yield and high yield in successive years, and is suitable for application of chestnut trees of all varieties and characteristics.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a schematic view of winter pruning in the first year in example 1.
Fig. 1b is a schematic view of example 1 after the first year of pruning.
Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of the embodiment 1 after pruning the hair branches in winter in the second year.
Fig. 2b is a schematic view of winter pruning in the second year in example 1.
Fig. 2c is a schematic view of example 1 after winter pruning for the second year.
fig. 3a is a schematic view of the third year after trimming of the hair branches in winter in example 1.
Fig. 3b is a schematic view of winter pruning in the third year in example 1.
FIG. 3c is a schematic view of the third year after winter pruning in example 1.
FIG. 4a is a schematic representation of example 1 after the fourth year of branching.
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the fourth winter pruning in example 1.
FIG. 4c is a schematic view of example 1 after winter pruning in the fourth year.
description of the drawings: the arrows in the figure represent the trim.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A chestnut rejuvenation and pruning method for controlling large pipe and small pipe alternation comprises the following specific steps:
1. Removing ineffective big branches after grafting the chestnut trees into the cultivated varieties: according to the shaping requirements, main branches, side branches and fruiting branch groups are selected and reserved, and the reasonable tree height is controlled.
2. when pruning is carried out in the first year, strong branches positioned at the top end are thinned, 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction are kept to bear fruits in the current year, and weak branches at the lower part are all thinned, namely the large control pipe is small, and the specific pruning method is shown in figures 1a-1 b.
3. When pruning is carried out in the second year, one branch group with two fruits is used for thinning the strong branches positioned at the top end, 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction are reserved for fruiting in the current year, and all the weak branches below are thinned; another method for pruning the stubble with 2-4cm cut left at the base can promote new developing branches for fruiting in the next year, and the specific pruning method is shown in fig. 2a-2 c.
4. And when pruning is carried out in the third year, 2 growing branches with similar thick and strong growing vigor and generated on the peg stub in the second year are reserved, and redundant thinning is carried out. For branches of two fruiting mother branches remained during pruning in the second year, 2-4cm of pruning is reserved at the base of the branches at the opposite side of the branches for leaving peg in the second year to promote new developing branches for fruiting in the next year; and another pruning method is shown in figures 3a-3c, wherein the top one of the strong branches is pruned, the lower 2 horizontal strong branches are reserved, and the weak branches are all thinned.
5. And when pruning in the fourth year, cutting the parts of the two strong branches which are remained for fruiting in the third year by 2-4cm at the base part of the two strong branches which are remained for fruiting in the third year, promoting new developing branches to be used for fruiting in the next year, and reserving 2 strong branches for fruiting in the current year for the updated branches which are emitted by the peg stub remained when pruning in the third year. See fig. 4a-4c for a specific trimming method.
6. After a new developmental branch fruiting is promoted by the peg crops intercepted by 2-4cm pruning at the base part in each year of pruning, pruning according to the method of the third year and the fourth year;
7. The chestnut trees are pruned all the time according to the method, so that the tree vigor can be alternately updated, the tree vigor can be rejuvenated, the outward movement of fruiting parts can be controlled, the three-dimensional result can be realized, the tree vigor can be rejuvenated, the outward movement of the fruiting parts can be controlled, and the three-dimensional result can be realized.
the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A chestnut rejuvenation and pruning method for controlling large pipe and small pipe to be alternately updated is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Removing ineffective big branches after grafting the chestnut trees into the cultivated varieties: selecting and reserving main branches, side branches and fruiting branch groups according to shaping requirements, and controlling reasonable tree height;
(2) When pruning is carried out in the first year, strong branches positioned at the top end are thinned, 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction are kept to bear fruits in the same year, and weak branches at the lower part are all thinned, namely the control pipe is small;
(3) when pruning is carried out in the second year, one branch group with two fruits is used for thinning the strong branches positioned at the top end, 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction are reserved for fruiting in the current year, and all the weak branches below are thinned; the other one is cut at the base part by 2-4cm, and the peg stub is remained, so that new developing branches can be promoted for fruiting in the next year;
(4) During pruning in the third year, 2 growing branches with similar thick and strong growth vigor and surplus thinning are reserved on the peg stub for the second year, and for branches of two fruiting female branches reserved during pruning in the second year, 2-4cm pruning is reserved at the base of the branches at the opposite side of the peg stub for the second year to promote new growing branches to bear fruits in the next year; another one of the strong branches at the top is cut off, the next 2 strong branches in the horizontal direction are reserved, and all weak branches below the strong branches are thinned;
(5) when pruning in the fourth year, 2-4cm of cuttings are reserved at the base parts of the two strong branches which are reserved for fruiting in the third year, and new developing branches are promoted for fruiting in the next year; reserving 2 strong branches for fruiting in the current year for the updated branches emitted by the peg stub in the third year of pruning;
(6) after a new developmental branch fruiting is promoted by the peg crops intercepted by 2-4cm pruning at the base part in each year of pruning, pruning according to the method of the third year and the fourth year;
(7) The chestnut tree is pruned according to the method.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113170693A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-27 | 漳州市农业科学研究所 | Pruning method for regulating and controlling production period of guavas |
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| CN1298632A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-13 | 刘志行 | Method for cultivating huge-fruit peach tree |
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| CN104160906A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Peach tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN107691011A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-16 | 东兰县旺达板栗茶油种植专业合作社 | The pruning method of Chinese chestnut bearing-age tree |
| US20190090438A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Multiple Energy Technologies Llc | Bioceramic and carbon-based hydroponic systems, methods and devices |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298632A (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2001-06-13 | 刘志行 | Method for cultivating huge-fruit peach tree |
| JP4665220B1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-04-06 | 稲本マシンツール工業株式会社 | Chestnut branching with side branch renewal pruning |
| CN104160906A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Peach tree shaping and trimming method |
| US20190090438A1 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Multiple Energy Technologies Llc | Bioceramic and carbon-based hydroponic systems, methods and devices |
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| CN113170693A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-27 | 漳州市农业科学研究所 | Pruning method for regulating and controlling production period of guavas |
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