CN110526405A - Combined artificial wetland removes the method and system of rare-earth mining area ammonia and nitrogen pollution on the spot - Google Patents
Combined artificial wetland removes the method and system of rare-earth mining area ammonia and nitrogen pollution on the spot Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 rare earth ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000284012 Vetiveria zizanioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007769 Vetiveria zizanioides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
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Abstract
本发明属于稀土矿区氨氮污染处理技术领域，公开了一种复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法及系统，收集稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液，使用多孔水处理陶粒作为人工湿地基质，选择多年生挺水植物作为湿地栽培植物，构建单个人工湿地系统；按台阶式构建多级人工湿地系统。本发明充分结合矿区山体地理与地势特征，采用复合人工湿地的氨氮就地去除技术，通过使用多孔陶粒作为基质，并对陶粒基质进行生物膜附着处理，综合基质的吸附、过滤与沉淀作用，植物的吸收转化作用，强化微生物的氧化分解作用，实现稀土矿区氨氮淋滤废水的就地深度净化，具有除污效率高、运行费用低、耐氨氮负荷波动大且处理能力退化小等优点。
The invention belongs to the technical field of ammonia nitrogen pollution treatment in rare earth mining areas, and discloses a method and a system for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas on site by a composite constructed wetland. Perennial emergent plants are used as wetland cultivation plants to construct a single constructed wetland system; a multi-level constructed wetland system is constructed in a stepped manner. The invention fully combines the geological and topographic features of the mountain in the mining area, adopts the ammonia nitrogen in situ removal technology of the composite constructed wetland, uses the porous ceramsite as the matrix, and performs the biofilm attachment treatment on the ceramsite matrix, and integrates the adsorption, filtration and precipitation of the matrix. , the absorption and transformation of plants, strengthen the oxidative decomposition of microorganisms, and realize the in-situ deep purification of ammonia nitrogen leaching wastewater in rare earth mining areas.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于稀土矿区氨氮污染处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法及系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of ammonia nitrogen pollution treatment in rare earth mining areas, and in particular relates to a method and a system for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas on site by a composite constructed wetland.
背景技术Background technique
目前针对离子型稀土矿床中稀土主要采用硫酸铵溶液原位浸出工艺浸出。由于硫酸铵溶液中的铵离子对稀土离子的置换吸附以及硫酸铵浸矿液的渗流与渗漏，开采后的矿区土壤中残留大量氨氮，并不断累积。在雨水尤其是酸雨的作用下，矿土中的氨氮发生解吸溶出并随雨水淋滤迁移，给周边地表、地下水系等造成更严重的氨氮扩散性污染。At present, rare earths in ionic rare earth deposits are mainly leached by in-situ leaching process of ammonium sulfate solution. Due to the displacement and adsorption of rare earth ions by ammonium ions in the ammonium sulfate solution and the seepage and leakage of the ammonium sulfate leaching solution, a large amount of ammonia nitrogen remains in the soil of the mining area after mining and continues to accumulate. Under the action of rainwater, especially acid rain, ammonia nitrogen in the mineral soil is desorbed and dissolved and migrated with rainwater leaching, causing more serious ammonia nitrogen diffusion pollution to the surrounding surface and groundwater systems.
离子型稀土矿床多年的开采使矿区土壤中残留大量氨氮，在雨水等的作用下，形成的淋滤液对周边、地表、地下水系等造成了严重的氨氮污染。而我国离子型稀土原矿每年仍以数千万吨的规模在开采，矿区及周边水系的氨氮污染仍将不断加剧，进而水体富营养化等问题仍将持续恶化；另水溶液中部分氨氮经硝化反应转变为硝态氮与亚硝态氮等致癌物质，还会严重威胁人类健康。因此，亟需对离子型稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液进行净化处理。The mining of ionic rare earth deposits for many years has left a large amount of ammonia nitrogen in the soil of the mining area. However, my country's ionic rare earth raw ore is still being mined on a scale of tens of millions of tons every year. The ammonia nitrogen pollution in the mining area and surrounding water systems will continue to increase, and the eutrophication of water will continue to deteriorate. In addition, some ammonia nitrogen in the aqueous solution will undergo nitrification It is converted into carcinogenic substances such as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, which will also seriously threaten human health. Therefore, it is urgent to purify the soil ammonia nitrogen leaching solution in ionic rare earth mining areas.
离子型稀土矿区土壤淋滤液中氨氮污染物的浓度，会随淋滤液产生条件如雨水量大小、矿点地质构成等的不同而不同，其中氨氮浓度(以N计)一般在几十到几百mg/L之间。离子型稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液实际是属于氨氮废水的一种，目前针对氨氮废水的处理方法主要有吹脱法、吸附法、化学沉淀法、电化学法、离子交换法、膜分离法、生物法等。其中，吹脱法使NH4 +转变成游离氨，再利用空气吹除氨，该方法技术成熟，效率较高，但存在成本较高，易结垢，受温度影响大，氨气外溢易造成二次污染等问题，且只适于处理高浓度氨氮废水。尤其对于离子型稀土矿区土壤淋滤液pH值一般为4～6而言，此法调节pH值至碱性需消耗大量的碱，经济成本高。离子交换法存在运行成本高，需要进一步处理所分离产生的高浓度氨氮废水等问题。化学沉淀法除氨氮具有工艺稳定，操作简单，去除效率高的优点，但同时又存在产生渣量大、去除率有限等问题，对于稀土矿区土壤中较低浓度氨氮淋滤液，去除效率并不理想。电化学法则存在耗电量大、处理时间长等缺点。膜分离法同样存在成本高、处理时间长等缺点。吸附法则具有操作简单，节能高效，氨回收利用率高等优势，但吸附剂成本过高是该法难以推广应用的主要限制性因素。The concentration of ammonia nitrogen pollutants in the soil leachate of ionic rare earth mining areas will vary with the production conditions of the leachate, such as the amount of rainwater, the geological composition of the mine site, etc. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen (in terms of N) is generally in the range of tens to hundreds. between mg/L. Soil ammonia nitrogen leaching solution in ionic rare earth mining area is actually a kind of ammonia nitrogen wastewater. At present, the treatment methods for ammonia nitrogen wastewater mainly include stripping method, adsorption method, chemical precipitation method, electrochemical method, ion exchange method, membrane separation method and biological method. Wait. Among them, the stripping method converts NH 4 + into free ammonia, and then uses air to remove ammonia. This method has mature technology and high efficiency, but it has high cost, easy scaling, and is greatly affected by temperature. secondary pollution and other problems, and it is only suitable for the treatment of high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater. Especially for the pH value of the soil leachate in the ionic rare earth mining area is generally 4 to 6, this method needs to consume a lot of alkali to adjust the pH value to alkaline, and the economic cost is high. The ion exchange method has problems such as high operating cost and the need to further treat the high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater produced by separation. The chemical precipitation method for ammonia nitrogen removal has the advantages of stable process, simple operation and high removal efficiency, but at the same time there are problems such as large amount of slag and limited removal rate. . Electrochemical law has disadvantages such as large power consumption and long processing time. The membrane separation method also has disadvantages such as high cost and long processing time. The adsorption method has the advantages of simple operation, energy saving and high efficiency, and high ammonia recovery rate.
离子型稀土矿床多年的开采使矿区土壤中残留大量氨氮，在雨水等的作用下，形成的淋滤液对周边、地表、地下水系等造成了严重的氨氮污染。而离子型稀土原矿每年仍以数千万吨的规模在开采，矿区及周边水系的氨氮污染仍将不断加剧，进而水体富营养化等问题仍将持续恶化；另水溶液中部分氨氮经硝化反应转变为硝态氮与亚硝态氮等致癌物质，还会严重威胁人类健康。因此，亟需对离子型稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液进行净化处理。The mining of ionic rare earth deposits for many years has left a large amount of ammonia nitrogen in the soil of the mining area. However, ionic rare earth raw ore is still being mined at a scale of tens of millions of tons per year, and the ammonia nitrogen pollution in the mining area and surrounding water systems will continue to intensify, and the eutrophication of water will continue to deteriorate; It is a carcinogen such as nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, and it also seriously threatens human health. Therefore, it is urgent to purify the soil ammonia nitrogen leaching solution in ionic rare earth mining areas.
综上所述，现有技术存在的问题是：To sum up, the problems existing in the prior art are:
现有技术中，吹脱法存在成本较高，易结垢，受温度影响大，氨气外溢易造成二次污染等问题，且只适于处理高浓度氨氮废水。In the prior art, the stripping method has problems such as high cost, easy scaling, being greatly affected by temperature, and easily causing secondary pollution due to ammonia overflow, and is only suitable for treating high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
离子交换法存在运行成本高，需要进一步处理所分离产生的高浓度氨氮废水等问题。The ion exchange method has problems such as high operating cost and the need to further treat the high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater produced by separation.
化学沉淀法存在产生渣量大、去除率有限等问题，对于稀土矿区土壤中较低浓度氨氮淋滤液，去除效率并不理想。The chemical precipitation method has problems such as large amount of slag and limited removal rate, and the removal efficiency is not ideal for low-concentration ammonia nitrogen leaching solution in the soil of rare earth mining areas.
电化学法、膜分离法存在耗电量大、处理时间长等缺点。Electrochemical methods and membrane separation methods have disadvantages such as large power consumption and long processing time.
吸附法的吸附剂成本过高，难以推广应用。The cost of the adsorbent in the adsorption method is too high, and it is difficult to popularize and apply.
解决上述技术问题的意义：The significance of solving the above technical problems:
本发明结合矿区地理与地势特征，采用复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染，具有处理效率高、运行费用低、耐氨氮负荷冲击能力强、处理能力退化小且具有美化景观等优点。Combined with the geographical and topographical features of the mining area, the invention adopts the composite artificial wetland to remove the ammonia nitrogen pollution in the rare earth mining area on site, and has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, low operation cost, strong resistance to the impact of ammonia nitrogen load, little degradation of the treatment capacity, and beautification of the landscape.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对稀土矿区氨氮淋滤液污染处理现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种复合人工湿地去除方法与系统。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art for the pollution treatment of ammonia nitrogen leaching liquid in rare earth mining areas, the present invention provides a composite constructed wetland removal method and system.
本发明是这样实现的，一种复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法，所述复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法包括以下步骤：The present invention is achieved in this way, a method for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas on site by a composite constructed wetland, and the method for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas on site by the composite constructed wetland includes the following steps:
第一步，在矿体底部周边开挖积液沟和积液池收集稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液。The first step is to excavate the effusion ditch and the effusion pool around the bottom of the ore body to collect the soil ammonia nitrogen leachate in the rare earth mining area.
第二步，使用多孔水处理陶粒作为人工湿地基质。The second step is to use porous water-treated ceramsite as the constructed wetland matrix.
第三步，选择多年生挺水植物作为湿地栽培植物。The third step is to select perennial emergent plants as wetland cultivation plants.
第四步，构建单个人工湿地系统。The fourth step is to build a single constructed wetland system.
第五步，依照矿体周围地势，按台阶式构建多级人工湿地系统。The fifth step is to build a multi-level constructed wetland system in a stepped manner according to the terrain around the ore body.
第六步，投入使用前，构建的多级人工湿地系统经过25～50天挂膜启动。The sixth step is to start the constructed multi-level constructed wetland system after 25-50 days of film hanging before being put into use.
第七步，控制平均水力停留时间为5～15小时，将所收集的稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液从积液池放入到第一级人工湿地系统，然后以溢流的方式逐级向下流入到后续的人工湿地系统，经最后一级人工湿地系统排出。The seventh step is to control the average hydraulic retention time to be 5 to 15 hours, and put the collected ammonia nitrogen leaching solution in the rare earth mining area from the effusion pool into the first-level constructed wetland system, and then flow downward step by step in an overflow manner. To the subsequent constructed wetland system, it will be discharged through the last level constructed wetland system.
进一步，第三步中，植株密度为4～8株/m2。Further, in the third step, the plant density is 4-8 plants/m 2 .
进一步，第四步中，构建单个人工湿地系统长宽比为10:1，水深300～600mm。Further, in the fourth step, the aspect ratio of a single constructed wetland system is 10:1, and the water depth is 300-600mm.
进一步，第五步中，相邻两个人工湿地系统的落差为300～800mm。Further, in the fifth step, the drop between two adjacent constructed wetland systems is 300-800mm.
进一步，第六步中，挂膜工艺为：挂膜溶液50～75mg/L稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液，水力停留时间10～20小时。挂膜方式为接种挂膜，所接菌种为工程硝化菌(购于碧沃丰生物科技有限公司)。Further, in the sixth step, the film hanging process is as follows: the film hanging solution is 50-75 mg/L of the rare earth mining area soil ammonia nitrogen leaching solution, and the hydraulic retention time is 10-20 hours. The method of hanging film is inoculation hanging film, and the inoculated strain is engineering nitrifying bacteria (purchased from Biofoun Biotechnology Co., Ltd.).
进一步，第七步运行后，还需进行：Further, after the seventh step is run, it is necessary to:
多级人工湿地系统采用序批式运行方式，每间隔6～24小时停止放水一次。The multi-level constructed wetland system adopts the sequence batch operation mode, and the water discharge is stopped once every 6 to 24 hours.
进一步，第七步运行后，还需进行：经多于6个单个人工湿地系统构成的多级人工湿地系统再处理氨氮含量在150mg/L以下(如果氨氮浓度超出可加水稀释)的稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液。Further, after the operation of the seventh step, it is also necessary to carry out: reprocessing the rare earth mining area soil with ammonia nitrogen content below 150mg/L (if the ammonia nitrogen concentration exceeds the water dilution) through a multi-level constructed wetland system composed of more than 6 single constructed wetland systems Ammonia nitrogen leaching solution.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种运行所述复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法的复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的系统，所述复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的系统包括：多个单个人工湿地系统；多个单个人工湿地系统按台阶式分布构成多级人工湿地。Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for in situ removal of ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas by operating the method for in situ removal of ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas using composite constructed wetlands, and the composite constructed wetland removes ammonia nitrogen in rare earth mining areas in situ The polluted system includes: multiple single constructed wetland systems; multiple single constructed wetland systems are distributed in steps to form multi-level constructed wetlands.
进一步，单个人工湿地系统的下层铺设有多孔陶粒填料层，多孔陶粒填料层上种植有挺水植物。Further, a porous ceramsite filler layer is laid on the lower layer of the single constructed wetland system, and emergent plants are planted on the porous ceramsite filler layer.
综上所述，本发明的优点及积极效果为：To sum up, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
本发明充分结合矿区山体地理特征及矿体周围地势，采用复合人工湿地的氨氮就地去除技术，通过使用多孔陶粒作为基质，并对陶粒基质进行生物膜附着处理，综合基质的吸附、过滤与沉淀作用，植物的吸收转化作用，强化微生物的氧化分解作用，实现稀土矿区氨氮淋滤废水的深度净化，具有处理效率高、运行费用低、水力负荷大、适应氨氮负荷波动大、处理能力退化小及美化景观等优点。The invention fully combines the geographical features of the mountain in the mining area and the terrain around the ore body, adopts the ammonia nitrogen in-situ removal technology of the composite constructed wetland, uses the porous ceramsite as the matrix, and performs the biofilm attachment treatment on the ceramsite matrix, and integrates the adsorption and filtration of the matrix. With precipitation, absorption and transformation of plants, strengthen the oxidation and decomposition of microorganisms, and realize the deep purification of ammonia nitrogen leaching wastewater in rare earth mining areas, it has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, low operating cost, large hydraulic load, adapting to large fluctuations in ammonia nitrogen load, and degradation of treatment capacity. The advantages of small size and landscaping.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for in situ removal of ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas provided by a composite constructed wetland according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例提供的复合人工湿地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染系统中单个人工湿地构造图。2 is a structural diagram of a single constructed wetland in a system for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution from rare earth mining areas provided by a composite constructed wetland according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例提供的复合人工湿地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染系统中多级人工湿地处理示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage constructed wetland treatment in a system for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas provided by a composite constructed wetland according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
离子型稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液实际是属于氨氮废水的一种，针对氨氮废水的处理现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法，下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述。Soil ammonia nitrogen leaching solution of ionic rare earth mining area actually belongs to a kind of ammonia nitrogen wastewater. In view of the problems existing in the treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater, the present invention provides a compound constructed wetland to remove ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining area in situ. The following combination The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention in detail.
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的复合人工湿地就地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染的方法包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1 , the method for in situ removal of ammonia nitrogen pollution in a rare earth mining area provided by a composite constructed wetland according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
S101，在矿体底部周边开挖积液沟和积液池收集稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液。S101 , excavating a liquid accumulation ditch and a liquid accumulation pool around the bottom of the ore body to collect the soil ammonia nitrogen leaching liquid in the rare earth mining area.
S102，使用自制多孔水处理陶粒作为人工湿地基质。S102, using self-made porous water-treated ceramsite as the constructed wetland matrix.
S103，选择生命力及去污能力强的多年生挺水植物——香根草作为湿地栽培植物，植株密度为4～8株/m2。S103, selecting vetiver grass, a perennial emergent plant with strong vitality and decontamination ability, as a wetland cultivation plant, and the plant density is 4-8 plants/m 2 .
S104，单个人工湿地构造如图2所示，其中湿地长宽比为10:1，水深300～600mm。S104, the structure of a single constructed wetland is shown in Figure 2, wherein the aspect ratio of the wetland is 10:1, and the water depth is 300-600 mm.
S105，依照矿体周围地势，设计台阶式多级人工湿地系统(参见图3)，相邻两个人工湿地的落差在300～800mm之间，使得逐级湿地之间产生跌水复氧效果。S105, according to the terrain around the ore body, design a stepped multi-level constructed wetland system (see Figure 3), and the drop between two adjacent constructed wetlands is between 300 and 800mm, so that the effect of water drop and re-oxygenation is produced between the stepped wetlands.
S106，投入使用前，所构建人工湿地系统需经过25～50天挂膜启动，挂膜工艺为：挂膜溶液50～75mg/L稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液，水力停留时间10～20小时。挂膜方式为接种挂膜，所接菌种为工程硝化菌。S106, before being put into use, the constructed constructed wetland system needs to be started after 25-50 days of filming. The filming process is: the film-forming solution is 50-75mg/L rare earth mining area soil ammonia nitrogen leaching solution, and the hydraulic retention time is 10-20 hours. The film hanging method is inoculation hanging film, and the inoculated bacteria are engineering nitrifying bacteria.
S107，控制平均水力停留时间为5～15小时，将所收集的稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液从积液池放入到第一级人工湿地，然后以溢流的方式逐级向下流入到后续的人工湿地，经最后一级人工湿地排出。S107, control the average hydraulic retention time to be 5 to 15 hours, put the collected soil ammonia nitrogen leaching liquid from the effusion pool into the first-level constructed wetland, and then flow downward step by step into the subsequent Constructed wetlands are discharged through the last level of constructed wetlands.
S108，人工湿地系统采用序批式运行方式，每间隔6～24小时停止放水一次。S108, the constructed wetland system adopts the sequence batch operation mode, and the water discharge is stopped every 6 to 24 hours.
S109，可直接处理氨氮含量在150mg/L以下的稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液(如果氨氮浓度超出可加水稀释)，经6级以上的人工湿地系统处理，氨氮去除率达90％以上，所处理废水氨氮浓度低于15mg/L、总氮含量低于20mg/L，全氮脱除超过85％。最终可实现稀土矿区土壤氨氮淋滤液废水经过技术方案处理达标排放。S109, can directly treat the ammonia nitrogen leaching solution of rare earth mining area with ammonia nitrogen content below 150mg/L (if the ammonia nitrogen concentration exceeds, it can be diluted with water), after being treated by a constructed wetland system of grade 6 or above, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is above 90%, and the treated wastewater The ammonia nitrogen concentration is lower than 15mg/L, the total nitrogen content is lower than 20mg/L, and the total nitrogen removal exceeds 85%. Ultimately, it can be realized that the wastewater from the soil ammonia nitrogen leaching liquid in the rare earth mining area can be discharged up to the standard after the technical solution.
本发明实施例提供的复合人工湿地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染系统，包括：多个单个人工湿地系统；多个单个人工湿地系统按台阶式分布构成多级人工湿地，系统用于稀土矿区氨氮污染处理。The composite constructed wetland system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of single constructed wetland systems; the multiple single constructed wetland systems are distributed in steps to form a multi-level constructed wetland, and the system is used for ammonia nitrogen pollution treatment in rare earth mining areas.
多个单个人工湿地系统的下层铺设有多孔陶粒填料层，多孔陶粒填料层上种植有挺水植物。Porous ceramsite filler layers are laid on the lower layers of the multiple single constructed wetland systems, and emergent plants are planted on the porous ceramsite filler layers.
其中，图2是本发明实施例提供的复合人工湿地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染系统中单个人工湿地构造图。2 is a structural diagram of a single constructed wetland in a system for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution from rare earth mining areas provided by a composite constructed wetland according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例提供的复合人工湿地去除稀土矿区氨氮污染系统中多级人工湿地处理示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage constructed wetland treatment in a system for removing ammonia nitrogen pollution in rare earth mining areas provided by a composite constructed wetland according to an embodiment of the present invention.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.
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