CN110464225A - A kind of the broken wall cooking machine and crushing material method of material intelligent identification - Google Patents
A kind of the broken wall cooking machine and crushing material method of material intelligent identification Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J43/00—Implements for preparing or holding food, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A47J43/04—Machines for domestic use not covered elsewhere, e.g. for grinding, mixing, stirring, kneading, emulsifying, whipping or beating foodstuffs, e.g. power-driven
- A47J43/046—Machines for domestic use not covered elsewhere, e.g. for grinding, mixing, stirring, kneading, emulsifying, whipping or beating foodstuffs, e.g. power-driven with tools driven from the bottom side
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J43/00—Implements for preparing or holding food, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A47J43/04—Machines for domestic use not covered elsewhere, e.g. for grinding, mixing, stirring, kneading, emulsifying, whipping or beating foodstuffs, e.g. power-driven
- A47J43/07—Parts or details, e.g. mixing tools, whipping tools
- A47J43/0716—Parts or details, e.g. mixing tools, whipping tools for machines with tools driven from the lower side
- A47J43/0722—Mixing, whipping or cutting tools
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Abstract
本发明提供一种物料智能识别的破壁料理机，包括机座、安装在机座上的粉碎容器、电机、转动轴、传动器、转刀和微控制单片机；所述电机和微控制单片机设置在机座内部，转动轴一端与电机输出端连接，另一端通过传动器与转刀连接，所述转刀位于粉碎容器内部；还包括用于测量电机负载时转动速度的速度传感器和含有晶闸管的电机驱动电路，所述速度传感器设置在机座内部，并与微控制单片机的输入端连接；所述微控制单片机的输出端通过电机驱动电路与电机连接。本发明还提供一种物料粉碎方法，本发明自适应地调整物料的粉碎时间，不但避免了用户的盲目调控时间导致的工作效率低问题，而且可简化用户的操作流程以提高使用体验，从而达到节能环保的目的。
The invention provides a broken wall cooking machine with intelligent identification of materials, comprising a machine base, a crushing container installed on the machine base, a motor, a rotating shaft, a transmission, a rotary knife and a micro-control single-chip microcomputer; the motor and the micro-control single-chip microcomputer are set Inside the machine base, one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the output end of the motor, and the other end is connected to the rotary knife through a transmission. A motor drive circuit, the speed sensor is arranged inside the base and connected to the input end of the micro-control single-chip microcomputer; the output end of the micro-control single-chip microcomputer is connected to the motor through the motor drive circuit. The present invention also provides a method for crushing materials. The present invention adaptively adjusts the crushing time of materials, which not only avoids the problem of low work efficiency caused by users' blind adjustment of time, but also simplifies the user's operation process to improve user experience, thereby achieving The purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及智能家电技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种物料智能识别的破壁料理机及物料粉碎方法。The invention relates to the technical field of smart home appliances, more specifically, to a wall-breaking cooking machine with intelligent material identification and a material crushing method.
背景技术Background technique
料榨类家电是由于生活质量的提高而带动市场销售的产物。目前市场上最流行的料榨产品，一个是原汁机，另一个就是破壁料理机。与前几代料榨类小家电相比，破壁料理机最大特点是高功率，高速电机破碎后的高出汁率、高营养保留率和破壁后的高吸收率。The squeezer household appliances are products driven by the market sales due to the improvement of the quality of life. At present, the most popular juicer products on the market, one is the original juice machine, and the other is the broken wall cooking machine. Compared with the previous generations of small household appliances, the broken wall cooking machine is characterized by high power, high juice yield after crushing by high-speed motor, high nutrient retention rate and high absorption rate after broken wall.
破壁料理机的破碎方式主要是通过刀片对物料进行切割，使细胞壁被破坏，使果蔬中的水分及其营养物质溶出，使得营养物质混合形成果蔬汁。破壁料理机所采用的设计方式是采用杯体和主机分离的方式，由主机、杯体以及配用附件所组成，其中，杯体包括驱动装置、刀座、杯体和杯盖、进料盖和密封组件等。所使用的电机是高速串激电机，设置电流、温度两重的保护用的温控器，实际速度在16000～30000转之间。影响物料破碎效果最重要的因素为电机的运行速度与时间，而目前普遍破壁料理机采用的速度控制模式为从低速加速至高速，往后一直保持在最高速水平。The crushing method of the broken wall cooking machine is mainly to cut the material through the blade, so that the cell wall is destroyed, the water and nutrients in the fruits and vegetables are dissolved, and the nutrients are mixed to form fruit and vegetable juice. The design method adopted by the broken wall cooking machine is to adopt the separation method of the cup body and the main machine, which is composed of the main machine, the cup body and the accessories. Among them, the cup body includes the driving device, the knife seat, the cup body and the cup cover, the feeding Covers and seal components, etc. The motor used is a high-speed series-excited motor, and a thermostat for dual protection of current and temperature is set, and the actual speed is between 16,000 and 30,000 revolutions. The most important factors affecting the crushing effect of materials are the running speed and time of the motor. At present, the speed control mode adopted by general wall-breaking food processors is to accelerate from low speed to high speed, and then maintain the highest speed level.
然而，目前市场上的破壁料理机的运行时间普遍通过使用者人为设定搅拌时间，或通过预设单独几个档位根据不同的物料进行搅拌时间的调节。该方法有一定的局限性，普遍的使用者对所需设定的时间均缺乏先验知识，因此人们一般使用破壁料理机的操作是不停地观察搅拌效果反复开关机器最终达到所需的效果；即使部分的破壁料理机预设几个档位，但不同的物料用量以及不同的物料与水的混合比例均直接影响所需的搅拌时间。However, the running time of the wall-breaking cooking machines currently on the market is generally set by the user for stirring time, or the stirring time is adjusted according to different materials by preset several gears. This method has certain limitations. Common users lack prior knowledge of the required setting time. Therefore, people generally use the operation of the broken wall cooking machine to observe the stirring effect repeatedly and turn the machine on and off to finally reach the desired value. Effect; Even if some broken wall cooking machines preset several gears, different material dosages and different mixing ratios of materials and water will directly affect the required mixing time.
其次，市场上的破壁料理机采用的速度控制模式普遍采用，从低速阶梯性地递增至最高速，往后一直保持在最高速度值水平。该速度控制模式的对物料的破碎效果一般，并且耗能大，高速运转加快刀片磨损缩短产品使用寿命。Secondly, the speed control mode adopted by the wall-breaking cooking machines on the market is generally adopted, and the speed is gradually increased from the low speed to the highest speed, and then kept at the highest speed value level. This speed control mode has a general crushing effect on materials and consumes a lot of energy. High-speed operation speeds up the blade wear and shortens the service life of the product.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺点与不足，提供一种物料智能识别的破壁料理机及物料粉碎方法；该破壁料理机及物料粉碎方法根据不同的物料特征自动识别匹配，进而自适应地调整物料的粉碎时间，不但避免了用户的盲目调控时间导致的工作效率低问题，而且可简化用户的操作流程以提高使用体验，从而达到节能环保的目的。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a broken wall cooking machine and a material crushing method for intelligent identification of materials; the broken wall cooking machine and material crushing method automatically identify and match according to different material characteristics, and then Adaptively adjusting the crushing time of materials not only avoids the problem of low work efficiency caused by users' blind adjustment of time, but also simplifies the user's operation process to improve the user experience, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现：一种物料智能识别的破壁料理机，其特征在于：包括机座、安装在机座上的粉碎容器、电机、转动轴、传动器、转刀和微控制单片机；所述电机和微控制单片机设置在机座内部，转动轴一端与电机输出端连接，另一端通过传动器与转刀连接，所述转刀位于粉碎容器内部；In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a broken wall cooking machine with intelligent identification of materials, characterized in that it includes a machine base, a crushing container installed on the machine base, a motor, a rotating shaft, and a transmission , rotary knife and micro-control single-chip microcomputer; the motor and micro-control single-chip microcomputer are arranged inside the machine base, one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the output end of the motor, and the other end is connected to the rotary knife through a transmission, and the rotary knife is located inside the pulverizing container;
还包括用于测量电机负载时转动速度的速度传感器和含有晶闸管的电机驱动电路，所述速度传感器设置在机座内部，并与微控制单片机的输入端连接；所述微控制单片机的输出端通过电机驱动电路与电机连接。It also includes a speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the motor under load and a motor drive circuit containing a thyristor. The speed sensor is arranged inside the base and connected to the input end of the micro-control single-chip microcomputer; the output end of the micro-control single-chip microcomputer is passed through The motor driving circuit is connected with the motor.
在上述方案中，本发明增加了速度传感器对电机负载的转动速度进行测量，并作为微控制单片机的输入信号，通过对输入信号进行计算得到不同物料的特征，并根据不同的物料特征自动识别匹配，进而自适应地调整物料的粉碎时间，这样不但避免了用户的盲目调控时间导致的工作效率低问题，而且可简化用户的操作流程以提高使用体验，从而达到节能环保的目的。另外，本发明破壁料理机采用交流串激电机，电机速度调节采用晶闸管(可控硅)交流调压方式。在工作过程中，通过调节晶闸管的导通角改变电机的输入功率进而调整电机的速度。In the above scheme, the present invention adds a speed sensor to measure the rotation speed of the motor load, and use it as the input signal of the micro-control single-chip microcomputer, and obtain the characteristics of different materials by calculating the input signal, and automatically identify and match according to different material characteristics , and then adaptively adjust the crushing time of the material, which not only avoids the low work efficiency caused by the user's blind adjustment time, but also simplifies the user's operation process to improve the user experience, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection. In addition, the wall-breaking cooking machine of the present invention adopts an AC series motor, and the speed adjustment of the motor adopts a thyristor (silicon controlled silicon) AC voltage regulation method. During the working process, the input power of the motor is changed by adjusting the conduction angle of the thyristor to adjust the speed of the motor.
所述速度传感器为反射式红外线光电开关；所述转动轴上设置有遮挡部；转动轴通过电机驱动转动时，转动轴上的遮挡部对反射式红外线光电开关进行间歇式遮挡，反射式红外线光电开关将输入信号传送至微控制器单片机。电机在工作运转时，反射式红外线光电开关被间歇遮挡，则向微控制器单片机输入方行波信号，利用输入捕获程序。在方波上升沿时，产生捕获中断服务标志，此时微控制器单片机的定时器开始计时截止至下一方波上升沿计时结束，该时间信息代表电机旋转一周所用时间。通过输入捕获得到其周期时间，折算成电机的转速数据。The speed sensor is a reflective infrared photoelectric switch; a shielding part is arranged on the rotating shaft; when the rotating shaft is driven by a motor to rotate, the shielding part on the rotating shaft will intermittently shield the reflective infrared photoelectric switch, and the reflective infrared photoelectric switch will The switch transmits the input signal to the microcontroller microcontroller. When the motor is running, the reflective infrared photoelectric switch is intermittently blocked, and then the square wave signal is input to the microcontroller microcontroller, and the input capture program is used. At the rising edge of the square wave, a capture interrupt service flag is generated. At this time, the timer of the microcontroller single-chip microcomputer starts counting and ends until the rising edge of the next square wave ends. The time information represents the time taken by the motor to rotate one cycle. The cycle time is obtained through input capture, which is converted into the speed data of the motor.
具体地说，所述转动轴上设置有遮挡部是指：在转动轴的侧部沿转动轴的长度方向开设有凹槽，所述遮挡部为转动轴非凹槽位的侧部。Specifically, the shielding portion provided on the rotating shaft means that a groove is formed on the side of the rotating shaft along the length direction of the rotating shaft, and the shielding portion is a side portion of the rotating shaft that is not at a position of the groove.
所述电机驱动电路由晶闸管、光耦以及外围电路连接组成；所述晶闸管的阳极A与电机一端连接，阴极K与电源连接，门极G通过光耦和外围电路与微控制器单片机的输出端连接。The motor drive circuit is composed of a thyristor, an optocoupler and peripheral circuits; the anode A of the thyristor is connected to one end of the motor, the cathode K is connected to the power supply, and the gate G is connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller microcontroller through the optocoupler and the peripheral circuit. connect.
所述转刀包括本体和与本体连接的刀片；所述刀片包括相对设置的刀片一和相对设置的刀片二；所述相对设置的刀片一均与本体齐平；所述相对设置的刀片二与本体之间具有向上倾斜的偏角。The rotary knife includes a body and a blade connected to the body; the blade includes an oppositely disposed blade one and an oppositely disposed blade two; the oppositely disposed blade one is flush with the body; the oppositely disposed blade two is flush with the body; There is an upwardly sloping off-angle between the bodies.
所述向上倾斜的偏角为30°。本发明在30°偏角的刀片二作用下，拥有较大的湍动能作用，且刀片一和刀片二上下的作用循环区域也较大，能更大程度的增大破碎的区域，减小流动的死区，使液料能够充分的混合，达到剪切破碎的效果。The upwardly inclined deflection angle is 30°. Under the action of blade 2 with a deflection angle of 30°, the present invention has greater turbulent kinetic energy, and the upper and lower action cycle areas of blade 1 and blade 2 are also relatively large, which can increase the crushing area to a greater extent and reduce the flow rate. The dead zone allows the liquid material to be fully mixed to achieve the effect of shearing and crushing.
一种物料智能识别的破壁料理机的物料粉碎方法，其特征在于：首先，设置用于测量电机负载时转动速度的速度传感器；其次，对负载物料进行初始阶段的预粉碎步骤，在预粉碎步骤中根据速度传感器反馈的信号进行分析计算，初步判断该负载物料的特征；最后，通过负载物料的特征自动识别匹配粉碎时间，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间对物料进行粉碎。A material crushing method for a broken wall cooking machine with intelligent material identification, which is characterized in that: firstly, a speed sensor for measuring the rotational speed of the motor under load is provided; In the step, the analysis and calculation are carried out according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor, and the characteristics of the loaded material are preliminarily judged; finally, the characteristics of the loaded material are automatically identified and matched with the crushing time, and the crushing time of the material is adjusted by adaptive control to crush the material.
在上述方案中，通过物料粉碎方法可根据不同的物料特征自动识别匹配，进而自适应地调整物料的粉碎时间，这样不但避免了用户的盲目调控时间导致的工作效率低问题，而且可简化用户的操作流程以提高使用体验，从而达到节能环保的目的。In the above scheme, the material crushing method can automatically identify and match according to different material characteristics, and then adaptively adjust the crushing time of the material. Operate the process to improve the user experience, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.
所述特征是指物料的总质量、物料的软硬程度和物料的均匀程度；所述对负载物料进行初始阶段的预粉碎步骤，在预粉碎步骤中根据速度传感器反馈的信号进行分析计算，初步判断该负载物料的特征是指：包括以下步骤：The feature refers to the total mass of the material, the degree of softness and hardness of the material, and the uniformity of the material; the pre-crushing step of the initial stage of the loaded material is analyzed and calculated according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor in the pre-crushed step. Judging the characteristics of the load material refers to: including the following steps:
第一步，设定初始阶段对负载物料预粉碎的时间t和速度传感器的采样频率f；根据速度传感器反馈的信号，计算电机负载时的平均转速作为物料的总质量指标：The first step is to set the time t for pre-crushing the load material in the initial stage and the sampling frequency f of the speed sensor; according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor, calculate the average speed of the motor when it is loaded As the total quality index of the material:
其中，n为速度传感器测量到电机负载时的转速，tf为采样速度点；Among them, n is the rotational speed when the speed sensor measures the motor load, and tf is the sampling speed point;
第二步，设定初始阶段对负载物料预粉碎的前期时间t0；根据速度传感器反馈的信号，计算速度传感器测量到速度的斜率k，即为加速度，作为物料的软硬程度的指标：The second step is to set the pre-crushing time t 0 of the load material in the initial stage; according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor, calculate the slope k of the speed measured by the speed sensor, which is the acceleration, and is used as an indicator of the softness and hardness of the material:
其中，为前期时间t0速度传感器测量到的速度；in, is the speed measured by the speed sensor at the previous time t 0 ;
第三步，采集速度传感器的速度时间序列信息，并经过傅里叶变换转化成频域信息，频率在F附近的基频对应的幅值G作为物料的均匀程度。The third step is to collect the speed time series information of the speed sensor and convert it into frequency domain information through Fourier transform. The amplitude G corresponding to the fundamental frequency near F is used as the uniformity of the material.
所述通过负载物料的特征自动识别匹配粉碎时间，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间是指：设定基础粉碎的时间，根据物料的总质量、物料的软硬程度和物料的均匀程度三个特征的数值范围，在基础粉碎的时间上控制增加粉碎时间或保持基础粉碎的时间，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间对物料进行粉碎；The automatic identification and matching of the crushing time through the characteristics of the loaded material, and the realization of adaptive control to adjust the crushing time of the material refer to: setting the basic crushing time, according to the total mass of the material, the degree of softness and hardness of the material, and the uniformity of the material. The value range of the characteristic, control the increase of the crushing time or maintain the time of the basic crushing in the time of the basic crushing, realize the self-adaptive control and adjust the crushing time of the material to crush the material;
对物料进行粉碎过程中采用高速和低速交替循环的破壁粉碎控制模式。本发明高速和低速交替循环的破壁粉碎控制模式可增加转刀刀片一和刀片二对物料的冲击次数，从而提高了物料的破壁率，并且能够避免持续高速运转对刀片一和刀片二的磨损及功率的消耗，是一种较为节能且节省的控制模式。In the crushing process of materials, the high-speed and low-speed alternating cycle of wall-breaking crushing control mode is adopted. The high-speed and low-speed alternating cycle breaking and pulverizing control mode of the present invention can increase the impact times of the rotary knife blade 1 and the blade 2 on the material, thereby improving the wall-breaking rate of the material, and can avoid continuous high-speed operation on the blade 1 and blade 2. Wear and power consumption is a relatively energy-saving and economical control mode.
所述设定基础粉碎的时间，根据物料的总质量、物料的软硬程度和物料的均匀程度三个特征的数值范围，在基础粉碎的时间上控制增加粉碎时间或保持基础粉碎的时间，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间对物料进行粉碎是指：The time for setting the basic crushing is based on the numerical range of the three characteristics of the total mass of the material, the degree of softness and hardness of the material, and the uniformity of the material, and the time for basic crushing is controlled to increase the crushing time or maintain the time for basic crushing to achieve Adaptive control to adjust the crushing time of the material to crush the material means:
(1)当作为物料的总质量指标的平均转速为30r/s～35r/s，则判断物料的总质量为中，在基础粉碎的时间上增加时间t1对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的总质量指标的平均转速则判断物料的总质量为大，在基础粉碎的时间上控制增加时间2t1对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的总质量指标的平均转速则判断物料的总质量为小，保持基础粉碎的时间对物料进行粉碎；(1) As the average speed of the total quality index of the material If it is 30r/s～35r/s, it is judged that the total mass of the material is medium, and the time t1 is added to the basic crushing time to crush the material; when the average speed is used as the total mass index of the material Then it is judged that the total mass of the material is large, and the time of basic crushing is controlled to increase the time 2t 1 to crush the material; as the average rotational speed of the total mass index of the material Then it is judged that the total mass of the material is small, and the time of basic crushing is kept to crush the material;
(2)当作为物料的软硬程度指标的斜率k为18r/s2～22r/s2，则判断物料的软硬程度为中，在基础粉碎的时间上增加时间t2对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的软硬程度指标的斜率k>22r/s2，则判断物料的软硬程度为软，保持基础粉碎的时间对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的软硬程度指标的斜率k<18r/s2，则判断物料的软硬程度为硬，在基础粉碎的时间上增加时间2t2对物料进行粉碎；(2) When the slope k as an indicator of the softness and hardness of the material is 18r/s 2 to 22r/s 2 , it is judged that the softness and hardness of the material is medium, and the time t 2 is added to the basic crushing time to crush the material; When the slope k>22r/s 2 is used as the index of softness and hardness of the material, it is judged that the hardness of the material is soft, and the time for basic crushing is kept to crush the material; when the slope k<18r is used as the index of softness and hardness of the material /s 2 , it is judged that the degree of softness and hardness of the material is hard, and the time of basic crushing is increased by 2t 2 to crush the material;
(3)当作为物料的均匀程度指标的幅值G为0.5～0.75，则判断物料的均匀程度为中，在基础粉碎的时间上增加时间t3对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的均匀程度指标的幅值G>0.75，则判断物料的均匀程度为低，在基础粉碎的时间上增加时间2t3对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的均匀程度指标的幅值G<0.5，则判断物料的均匀程度为高，保持基础粉碎的时间对物料进行粉碎。(3) When the amplitude G used as the uniformity index of the material is 0.5 to 0.75, it is judged that the uniformity of the material is medium, and the time t3 is added to the basic crushing time to crush the material; when it is used as the uniformity index of the material If the amplitude G>0.75 of the material is judged to be low uniformity, the basic crushing time is increased by 2t 3 to crush the material; when the amplitude G<0.5 is used as the uniformity index of the material, the uniformity of the material is judged If the degree is high, keep the basic crushing time to crush the material.
本发明的工作原理是这样的：本发明利用速度传感器记录电机负载速度信息。其中，物料的总质量直接影响电机的平均转速，在输入功率恒定的情况下，假设输入能量全转化为动能，那么物料的总质量越大，相应地搅拌粉碎过程的平均速度则越小。破壁料理机启动前期时间内，转刀处于切削果蔬物料外表阶段，物料表皮的反作用力直接作用于转刀上，因此加速度的大小间接反映着物料的软硬程度，求其速度的斜率k即加速度大小。物料的均匀程度可由速度曲线的波动性反映，而速度曲线的波动性可通过快速傅里叶变换(fastFourier transform，FFT)得到。将采集到的速度时间序列经过傅里叶变换，转化成频域信息。经过实验分析，频率在4Hz附近的基频对应的幅值G最能反映速度曲线的波动性。幅值G越大反应波动越大，均匀程度较差，否则越均匀。The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the present invention uses a speed sensor to record the motor load speed information. Among them, the total mass of the material directly affects the average speed of the motor. In the case of constant input power, assuming that the input energy is fully converted into kinetic energy, the greater the total mass of the material, the smaller the average speed of the stirring and crushing process. In the early stage of the start-up of the broken wall cooking machine, the rotary knife is in the stage of cutting the surface of the fruit and vegetable material, and the reaction force of the material skin directly acts on the rotary knife, so the magnitude of the acceleration indirectly reflects the softness and hardness of the material. The slope k of the speed is Acceleration size. The uniformity of the material can be reflected by the volatility of the velocity curve, and the volatility of the velocity curve can be obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The collected velocity time series is transformed into frequency domain information through Fourier transform. After experimental analysis, the amplitude G corresponding to the fundamental frequency with a frequency around 4 Hz can best reflect the volatility of the speed curve. The larger the amplitude G is, the larger the response fluctuation is, and the uniformity is poorer, otherwise the more uniform.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点与有益效果：本发明的物料智能识别的破壁料理机及物料粉碎方法可根据不同的物料特征自动识别匹配，进而自适应地调整物料的粉碎时间，不但避免了用户的盲目调控时间导致的工作效率低问题，而且可简化用户的操作流程以提高使用体验，从而达到节能环保的目的。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the intelligently identified material-breaking cooking machine and the material crushing method of the present invention can automatically identify and match according to different material characteristics, and then adaptively adjust the crushing time of the material , which not only avoids the problem of low work efficiency caused by the user's blind adjustment of time, but also simplifies the user's operation process to improve the user experience, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明物料智能识别的破壁料理机示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a broken wall cooking machine for material intelligent identification of the present invention;
图2是本发明物料智能识别的破壁料理机中机座内部示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the interior of the machine base in the broken wall cooking machine for material intelligent identification of the present invention;
图3是本发明物料智能识别的破壁料理机中电机驱动电路连接电机的示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a motor drive circuit connected to a motor in a broken wall cooking machine with intelligent identification of materials according to the present invention;
图4是本发明物料智能识别的破壁料理机中转刀示意图一；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram 1 of the rotary knife of the wall-breaking cooking machine with intelligent identification of materials according to the present invention;
图5是本发明物料智能识别的破壁料理机中转刀示意图二；Fig. 5 is a second schematic diagram of the rotary knife of the broken wall cooking machine with intelligent identification of materials in the present invention;
其中，1为机座、2为粉碎容器、3为电机、4为转动轴、5为传动器、6为转刀、6.1为本体、6.2为刀片一、6.3为刀片二、7为速度传感器、8为遮挡部、9为凹槽。Among them, 1 is the base, 2 is the crushing container, 3 is the motor, 4 is the rotating shaft, 5 is the transmission, 6 is the rotary knife, 6.1 is the body, 6.2 is the blade one, 6.3 is the blade two, 7 is the speed sensor, 8 is a shielding part, and 9 is a groove.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例Example
如图1至5中所示，本发明物料智能识别的破壁料理机包括机座1、安装在机座1上的粉碎容器2、电机3、转动轴4、传动器5、转刀6和微控制单片机，其中，电机3设置在机座1内部，转动轴4一端与电机3输出端连接，另一端通过传动器5与转刀6连接，转刀6位于粉碎容器2内部。本发明还包括用于测量电机3负载时转动速度的速度传感器7和含有晶闸管的电机驱动电路，速度传感器7设置在机座1内部，并与微控制单片机的输入端连接，微控制单片机的输出端通过电机驱动电路与电机3连接。As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the broken wall cooking machine for material intelligent identification of the present invention includes a machine base 1, a crushing container 2 installed on the machine base 1, a motor 3, a rotating shaft 4, a transmission 5, a rotary knife 6 and A micro-control single-chip microcomputer, wherein the motor 3 is arranged inside the base 1, one end of the rotating shaft 4 is connected to the output end of the motor 3, and the other end is connected to the rotary knife 6 through the transmission 5, and the rotary knife 6 is located inside the crushing container 2. The present invention also includes a speed sensor 7 for measuring the rotational speed of the motor 3 under load and a motor drive circuit containing a thyristor. The speed sensor 7 is arranged inside the base 1 and is connected with the input end of the micro-controlling single-chip microcomputer, and the output of the micro-controlling single-chip microcomputer The terminal is connected with the motor 3 through the motor drive circuit.
本发明的速度传感器7为反射式红外线光电开关，转动轴4上设置有遮挡部8；转动轴4通过电机3驱动转动时，转动轴4上的遮挡部8对反射式红外线光电开关进行间歇式遮挡，反射式红外线光电开关将输入信号传送至微控制器单片机。其中，转动轴4上设置有遮挡部8是指：在转动轴4的侧部沿转动轴4的长度方向开设有凹槽9，遮挡部8为转动轴4非凹槽9位的侧部。The speed sensor 7 of the present invention is a reflective infrared photoelectric switch, and the rotating shaft 4 is provided with a shielding part 8; The blocking, reflective infrared photoelectric switch transmits the input signal to the microcontroller microcontroller. Wherein, the blocking portion 8 is provided on the rotating shaft 4 means: a groove 9 is provided on the side of the rotating shaft 4 along the length direction of the rotating shaft 4, and the blocking portion 8 is the side portion of the rotating shaft 4 without the groove 9.
本发明的电机驱动电路由晶闸管、光耦以及外围电路连接组成，其中，晶闸管的阳极A与电机3一端连接，阴极K与电源连接，门极G通过光耦和外围电路与微控制器单片机的输出端连接，图3中端点PG2为该电机驱动电路与微控制器单片机连接的端点。The motor drive circuit of the present invention is composed of a thyristor, an optocoupler and a peripheral circuit connection, wherein, the anode A of the thyristor is connected to one end of the motor 3, the cathode K is connected to the power supply, and the gate G is connected to the micro-controller microcontroller through the optocoupler and the peripheral circuit. The output terminal is connected, and the endpoint PG2 in Fig. 3 is the endpoint connecting the motor drive circuit with the microcontroller microcontroller.
本发明转刀6包括本体6.1和与本体6.1连接的刀片，该刀片包括相对设置的刀片一6.2和相对设置的刀片二6.3，相对设置的刀片一6.2均与本体6.1齐平，相对设置的刀片二6.3与本体6.1之间具有向上倾斜的30°偏角。本发明在30°偏角的刀片二6.3作用下，拥有较大的湍动能作用，且刀片一6.2和刀片二6.3上下的作用循环区域也较大，能更大程度的增大破碎的区域，减小流动的死区，使液料能够充分的混合，达到剪切破碎的效果。The rotary knife 6 of the present invention includes a body 6.1 and a blade connected to the body 6.1, the blade includes a relatively disposed blade one 6.2 and an oppositely disposed blade two 6.3, the relatively disposed blade one 6.2 is flush with the body 6.1, and the relatively disposed blade There is an upwardly inclined 30° deflection angle between the two 6.3 and the body 6.1. The present invention has greater turbulent kinetic energy under the action of blade 2 6.3 with a 30° deflection angle, and the action cycle area of blade 1 6.2 and blade 2 6.3 is also relatively large, which can increase the crushing area to a greater extent. Reduce the dead zone of flow, so that the liquid material can be fully mixed to achieve the effect of shearing and crushing.
本发明一种物料智能识别的破壁料理机的物料粉碎方法是这样的：首先，设置用于测量电机3负载时转动速度的速度传感器7；其次，对负载物料进行初始阶段的预粉碎步骤，在预粉碎步骤中根据速度传感器7反馈的信号进行分析计算，初步判断该负载物料的特征；最后，通过负载物料的特征自动识别匹配粉碎时间，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间对物料进行粉碎。The material crushing method of a broken wall cooking machine with intelligent identification of materials in the present invention is as follows: firstly, a speed sensor 7 for measuring the rotational speed of the motor 3 when it is loaded is provided; secondly, the pre-crushing step of the initial stage is carried out on the loaded material, In the pre-crushing step, analyze and calculate according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor 7, and initially judge the characteristics of the loaded material; finally, automatically identify and match the crushing time through the characteristics of the loaded material, and realize adaptive control to adjust the crushing time of the material to crush the material .
具体地说，特征是指物料的总质量、物料的软硬程度和物料的均匀程度。上述对负载物料进行初始阶段的预粉碎步骤，在预粉碎步骤中根据速度传感器7反馈的信号进行分析计算，初步判断该负载物料的特征是指：包括以下步骤：Specifically, the characteristics refer to the total mass of the material, the degree of softness and hardness of the material, and the uniformity of the material. The above-mentioned pre-crushing step for the loaded material in the initial stage is analyzed and calculated according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor 7 in the pre-crushed step, and the preliminary judgment of the characteristics of the loaded material refers to: including the following steps:
第一步，设定初始阶段对负载物料预粉碎的时间6s和速度传感器7的采样频率50Hz；根据速度传感器7反馈的信号，计算电机3负载时的平均转速作为物料的总质量指标：The first step is to set the pre-crushing time of the load material at the initial stage to 6s and the sampling frequency of the speed sensor 7 to 50Hz; according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor 7, calculate the average speed of the motor 3 when it is loaded As the total quality index of the material:
其中，n为速度传感器7测量到电机3负载时的转速，上式由于速度的采样频率为50Hz，因此6s共有300个速度点。Wherein, n is the rotational speed measured by the speed sensor 7 when the load of the motor 3 is detected. Since the sampling frequency of the speed in the above formula is 50 Hz, there are 300 speed points in total in 6s.
第二步，设定初始阶段对负载物料预粉碎的前期时间2s；根据速度传感器7反馈的信号，计算速度传感器7测量到速度的斜率k，即为加速度，作为物料的软硬程度的指标：The second step is to set the initial period of pre-crushing the load material to 2s; according to the signal fed back by the speed sensor 7, calculate the slope k of the speed measured by the speed sensor 7, which is the acceleration, and is used as an indicator of the softness and hardness of the material:
其中，为前期时间t0速度传感器测量到的速度。in, is the speed measured by the speed sensor at the previous time t 0 .
第三步，采集速度传感器7的速度时间序列信息，并经过傅里叶变换转化成频域信息，频率在4Hz附近的基频对应的幅值G作为物料的均匀程度。The third step is to collect the speed time series information of the speed sensor 7 and convert it into frequency domain information through Fourier transform. The amplitude G corresponding to the fundamental frequency with a frequency near 4 Hz is used as the uniformity of the material.
上述通过负载物料的特征自动识别匹配粉碎时间，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间是指：设定基础粉碎的时间30s，根据物料的总质量、物料的软硬程度和物料的均匀程度三个特征的数值范围，在基础粉碎的时间30s上控制增加粉碎时间或保持基础粉碎的时间30s，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间对物料进行粉碎；The above-mentioned automatic identification and matching crushing time through the characteristics of the loaded materials to realize adaptive control and adjust the crushing time of the materials refers to: setting the basic crushing time for 30s, according to the total mass of the materials, the degree of softness and hardness of the materials, and the uniformity of the materials. The value range of the characteristic, control the increase of the crushing time on the basic crushing time of 30s or keep the basic crushing time of 30s, realize adaptive control and adjust the crushing time of the material to crush the material;
对物料进行粉碎过程中采用高速和低速交替循环的破壁粉碎控制模式。本发明高速和低速交替循环的破壁粉碎控制模式可增加转刀刀片一和刀片二对物料的冲击次数，从而提高了物料的破壁率，并且能够避免持续高速运转对刀片一和刀片二的磨损及功率的消耗，是一种较为节能且节省的控制模式。In the crushing process of materials, the high-speed and low-speed alternating cycle of wall-breaking crushing control mode is adopted. The high-speed and low-speed alternating cycle breaking and pulverizing control mode of the present invention can increase the impact times of the rotary knife blade 1 and the blade 2 on the material, thereby improving the wall-breaking rate of the material, and can avoid continuous high-speed operation on the blade 1 and blade 2. Wear and power consumption is a relatively energy-saving and economical control mode.
其中，设定基础粉碎的时间30s，根据物料的总质量、物料的软硬程度和物料的均匀程度三个特征的数值范围，在基础粉碎的时间30s上控制增加粉碎时间30s或保持基础粉碎的时间30s，实现自适应控制调整物料的粉碎时间对物料进行粉碎是指：Among them, the time of basic crushing is set to 30s, and according to the value range of the three characteristics of the total mass of the material, the degree of softness and hardness of the material, and the uniformity of the material, the time of basic crushing is 30s to control the increase of the crushing time to 30s or keep the basic crushing time. The time is 30s, to achieve adaptive control and adjust the crushing time of the material. To crush the material means:
(1)当作为物料的总质量指标的平均转速为30r/s～35r/s，则判断物料的总质量为中，在基础粉碎的时间30s上增加时间10s对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的总质量指标的平均转速则判断物料的总质量为大，在基础粉碎的时间30s上控制增加时间20s对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的总质量指标的平均转速则判断物料的总质量为小，保持基础粉碎的时间30s对物料进行粉碎；(1) As the average speed of the total quality index of the material If it is 30r/s～35r/s, it is judged that the total mass of the material is medium, and the time for 10s is added to the basic crushing time of 30s to crush the material; the average speed is used as the total mass index of the material Then it is judged that the total mass of the material is large, and the time of basic crushing is 30s, and the time is increased by 20s to crush the material; as the average speed of the total mass index of the material Then it is judged that the total mass of the material is small, and the time for basic crushing is kept for 30s to crush the material;
(2)当作为物料的软硬程度指标的斜率k为18r/s2～22r/s2，则判断物料的软硬程度为中，在基础粉碎的时间30s上增加时间5s对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的软硬程度指标的斜率k>22r/s2，则判断物料的软硬程度为软，保持基础粉碎的时间30s对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的软硬程度指标的斜率k<18r/s2，则判断物料的软硬程度为硬，在基础粉碎的时间30s上增加时间10s对物料进行粉碎；(2) When the slope k as an indicator of the softness and hardness of the material is 18r/s 2 to 22r/s 2 , it is judged that the softness and hardness of the material is medium, and the time for basic crushing is 30s to add 5s to crush the material; When the slope k>22r/s 2 as the soft and hard degree index of the material, the soft and hard degree of the material is judged as soft, and the basic crushing time is maintained for 30s to crush the material; when the slope k< 18r/s 2 , it is judged that the degree of softness and hardness of the material is hard, and the time for basic crushing is 30s, and the time for crushing the material is increased by 10s;
(3)当作为物料的均匀程度指标的幅值G为0.5～0.75，则判断物料的均匀程度为中，在基础粉碎的时间30s上增加时间5s对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的均匀程度指标的幅值G>0.75，则判断物料的均匀程度为低，在基础粉碎的时间30s上增加时间10s对物料进行粉碎；当作为物料的均匀程度指标的幅值G<0.5，则判断物料的均匀程度为高，保持基础粉碎的时间对物料进行粉碎。(3) When the amplitude G used as the uniformity index of the material is 0.5-0.75, it is judged that the uniformity of the material is medium, and the time for 5s is added to the basic crushing time of 30s to crush the material; when it is used as the uniformity index of the material If the amplitude G>0.75 of the material is judged to be low uniformity, add 10s to the basic crushing time of 30s to crush the material; when the amplitude G<0.5 is used as the uniformity index of the material, it is judged that the material is uniform If the degree is high, keep the basic crushing time to crush the material.
本发明的工作原理是这样的：本发明利用速度传感器7记录电机3负载速度信息，其中，物料的总质量直接影响电机3的平均转速，在输入功率恒定的情况下，假设输入能量全转化为动能，那么物料的总质量越大，相应地搅拌粉碎过程的平均速度则越小。而破壁料理机启动前期时间内，转刀6处于切削果蔬物料外表阶段，物料表皮的反作用力直接作用于转刀6上，因此加速度的大小间接反映着物料的软硬程度，求其速度的斜率k即加速度大小。物料的均匀程度可由速度曲线的波动性反映，而速度曲线的波动性可通过快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform，FFT)得到。将采集到的速度时间序列经过傅里叶变换，转化成频域信息。经过实验分析，频率在4Hz附近的基频对应的幅值G最能反映速度曲线的波动性。幅值G越大反应波动越大，均匀程度较差，否则越均匀。The working principle of the present invention is such: the present invention utilizes speed sensor 7 to record motor 3 load speed information, and wherein, the total mass of material directly affects the average rotating speed of motor 3, under the constant situation of input power, suppose input energy is fully converted into Kinetic energy, the greater the total mass of the material, the smaller the average speed of the stirring and crushing process. In the early stage of the start-up of the broken wall cooking machine, the rotary knife 6 is in the stage of cutting the surface of fruit and vegetable materials, and the reaction force of the material skin directly acts on the rotary knife 6, so the magnitude of the acceleration indirectly reflects the softness and hardness of the material. Calculate its speed The slope k is the magnitude of the acceleration. The uniformity of the material can be reflected by the volatility of the velocity curve, and the volatility of the velocity curve can be obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The collected velocity time series is transformed into frequency domain information through Fourier transform. After experimental analysis, the amplitude G corresponding to the fundamental frequency with a frequency around 4 Hz can best reflect the volatility of the speed curve. The larger the amplitude G is, the larger the response fluctuation is, and the uniformity is poorer, otherwise the more uniform.
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiment, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, Simplifications should be equivalent replacement methods, and all are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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