CN110408699A - Intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker and its application - Google Patents
Intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker and its application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker and its applications, belong to microorganism and gene engineering technology field.The intestinal flora marker includes Megasphaera, veillonellasp category, streptococcus, thermophilic gallbladder Pseudomonas, haemophilus, corynebacteria or Escherichia-Shigella.Pass through the detection of intestinal flora marker, it can be estimated that individual suffers from the risk of intestinal cancer, provides auxiliary reference for the diagnosis and Prognosis scoveillance of disease.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microorganisms and gene engineering technology field, and in particular to a kind of intestinal flora marker, and its
Intestinal cancer intestinal flora detects, intestinal cancer risk is predicted, the application in intestinal cancer Prognosis scoveillance.
Background technique
Intestinal cancer is a kind of common digestive system malignant disease, seriously threatens human health.Intestinal cancer has become shadow at present
Ring the most common malignant tumour of Chinese's health.Intestinal cancer is so common, but has been advanced stage when most of Finding case, loses
Optimal therapic opportunity, 5 years survival rates are very low after causing patients with bowel cancer to be made a definite diagnosis；Just there is 1 people to die of large intestine within every 5 minutes in China
Cancer.Some researches show that intestinal cancer is a multifactor process, is exempted from by diet, environment and microbial exposure and host
The influence of epidemic disease, a series of different body cell molecules change.Wherein enteric microorganism is the hot topic studied recently, increasingly
More studies have shown that intestinal microbiotas can influence the generation of intestinal cancer in several ways, and occur in intestinal cancer, developed
It plays an important role in journey.
In the enteron aisle of the mankind, there is a large amount of microorganisms.These enteric microorganism are thin in addition to traditional enteron aisle
Flora further includes that archeobacteria, virus and protozoan wherein 98% or more is bacterium are referred to as intestinal flora.Normal bowel bacterium
Group has 500~1500 kinds of different bacterium types, wherein most is anaerobic bacteria.From gene level, the base of human body itself
Because group about carries 2.5 ten thousand genes, and the gene number of human body intestinal canal microorganism coding is approximately people's autogene sum
150 times, it is considered the mankind " the second genome ".
Therefore, the relationship of enteric microorganism and intestinal cancer is studied, the intestinal cancer diagnostic model based on enteric microorganism is established, it is contemplated that
The accuracy of intestinal cancer diagnosis can be improved, find early-stage cancer, accomplish early discovery, early diagnosis, early treatment, and tune can be passed through
Whole intestinal flora improves the effect of intestinal cancer treatment.
Summary of the invention
It is the auxiliary diagnosis of intestinal cancer it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of detection method of intestinal cancer from intestinal flora angle
Reference is provided with curative effect monitoring.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker, including it is Megasphaera, veillonellasp category, streptococcus, thermophilic gallbladder Pseudomonas, bloodthirsty
One of bacillus, corynebacteria or Escherichia-Shigella or more than one.
The intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker is preparing the application in Personal Risk detection kit.
Further, the detection kit includes that intestinal flora DNA extracts reagent, intestinal flora 16SrRNA gene
The specific primer of variable region amplification, library construction reagent and sequencing reagent.
The application method includes the sequencing of intestinal flora 16S rRNA gene, the analysis of sequencing data, risk profile
The calculating of value, the judgement of risk.
Wherein, the sequencing approach of the intestinal flora 16S rRNA gene includes the extraction of faeces DNA, intestinal flora
The building of 16S rRNA gene library, the high-flux sequence in library.
The analysis method of the sequencing data includes splicing to the data obtained after the sequencing of library, is filtered to remove and draws
Object and chimera sequence carry out OTU cluster and species annotation, obtain species diversity in intestinal flora sample and species are rich
Degree.
The calculation method of the risk profile value is, according to regression model y=alpha+beta1×x1+β2×x2+…+β16×x16,
Obtain risk profile value y, α is constant in formula, and β is regression coefficient, and x is the relative abundance of pathogenic Pseudomonas.
Further, the intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker answering in preparation intestinal cancer Prognosis scoveillance detection kit
With.
Further, the intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker answering in the drug that screening treats or prevents colorectal cancer
With.
It is different from the prior art, above-mentioned technical proposal has the beneficial effect that:
(1) present invention assists the diagnosis of intestinal cancer, also provides reference for the curative effect monitoring of intestinal cancer from the angle of intestinal flora.
(2) intestinal cancer risk forecast model prediction effect of the invention is good, and obtaining AUC curve can reach 0.9 or more.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is quality inspection result in library described in specific embodiment.
Fig. 2 is species relative abundance column diagram described in specific embodiment.
Fig. 3 is Alpha diversity indices group difference box figure described in specific embodiment.
Fig. 4 is AUC curve described in specific embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail, it should be noted that these realities
It applies example to be merely illustrative, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the conventional hand that technological means employed in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art
Section, is referred to " Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory guide " third edition or Related product carries out, and used reagent and product are also
Available commercial.The various processes and method being not described in detail are conventional methods as known in the art, and agents useful for same comes
Source, trade name and it is necessary to list its constituent person, are indicated on the first occurrence, same reagents used is such as without spy thereafter
Different explanation, is the same as indicated for the first time.
1 intestinal flora 16S rRNA gene of embodiment builds library
1 samples sources
65, fresh excreta sample of 101, the fresh excreta sample of Healthy People, patients with bowel cancer.
The extraction of 2 fecal sample DNA
Fecal sample DNA is extracted using centrifugal column method.
(1) column equilibration: into adsorption column MP1, the equilibration buffer EQ of 500uL is added in (adsorption column is put into collecting pipe)
(Buffer EQ), 12,000rpm (~13,400 × g) are centrifuged 1min, outwell the waste liquid in collecting pipe, adsorption column is relay
It recycles in collector.
(2) fecal sample 180-220mg is weighed to be placed on ice into 2ml centrifuge tube, and by pipe.
(3) 1.2ml buffer GSL is added into sample, intermittent oscillation 1min to sample is mixed.
(4) 70 DEG C of incubation 10min.
(5) vortex 15sec, 12,000rpm (~13,400 × g) are centrifuged 10min.Shift supernatant 700ul to new 2ml
Centrifuge tube.
(6) 700ul HTR reagent is added, is mixed by inversion 15-30 times.
(7) at room temperature, 12,000rpm (~13,400 × g) is centrifuged 5min, transfer 500ul supernatant to 2.0ml centrifuge tube
In.
(8) 20ul Proteinase K and 500ul Buffer GB is added into supernatant, is mixed by inversion 10 times.
(9) 70 DEG C of incubation 10min.
(10) 500ul dehydrated alcohol is added, is mixed by inversion 10 times.
(11) half of previous step acquired solution is added in adsorption column MP1 (adsorption column is put into collecting pipe), 12,
000rpm (~13,400 × g) is centrifuged 1min, outwells the waste liquid in collecting pipe, adsorption column MP1 is put into collecting pipe；Remainder
Mixed liquor be transferred in pillar and be centrifuged.
(12) 500ul buffer GD is added into adsorption column MP1,12,000rpm (~13,400 × g) are centrifuged 1min,
Fall the waste liquid in collecting pipe, adsorption column MP1 is put into collecting pipe.
(13) 600ul rinsing liquid SPW is added into adsorption column MP1,12,000rpm (~13,400 × g) are centrifuged 1min,
Fall the waste liquid in collecting pipe, adsorption column MP1 is put into collecting pipe.
(14) repetitive operation step 13.
(15) adsorption column MP1 is put into collecting pipe, 12,000rpm (~13,400 × g) are centrifuged 2min, it is therefore an objective to will inhale
Remaining rinsing liquid removal in attached column.
(16) adsorption column MP1 is placed in a clean centrifuge tube, 50ul elution is added dropwise to the intermediate position of adsorbed film
Buffer TB, is placed at room temperature for 2-5min, and 12,000rpm (~13,400 × g) are centrifuged 2min, solution is collected into centrifuge tube.
3 library constructions
3.1 design of primers
Specific primer is designed for the area V3-V4 of 16S rRNA gene and adds overhang sequence, and particular sequence is such as
Under:
Upstream primer F:
TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGCCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG(SEQ ID NO:1)
Downstream primer R:
GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGGACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC(SEQ ID NO:2)
3.2PCR amplification and label target spot
A) PCR Amplification Mix is taken out from -20 DEG C of refrigerators (only praise the limited public affairs of biotechnology purchased from Nanjing promise
Department), Primer Mix1 (the TE Buffer containing above-mentioned primer) and intestinal flora genomic DNA, and thaw on ice；
B) reaction system is prepared in 0.2mL PCR tube
C) configured Mixure is softly blown and beaten 10 times, mixes, is placed in PCR instrument, execute following procedure:
D) after reaction, 2 μ L PCR products are taken to carry out agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR product is about in 500bp.Electrophoresis strip
Part: 1%Agarose, D2000 ladder, 120V, 20min.
The purifying of 3.3 PCR products
A) AMPure XP magnetic bead is taken out in advance, equilibrium at room temperature 30min from 4 DEG C of refrigerators, is mixed using preceding oscillation.Newly
80% ethyl alcohol of fresh configuration；
B) it takes new 1.5mL EP to manage, 18.4 μ L magnetic beads is added after label, the PCR product of previous step, (R1=is then added
10 mixings 0.8:1) are blown and beaten, is careful not to generate bubble, is stored at room temperature 5min；
C) after being centrifuged, centrifuge tube is placed on magnetic frame 10min and is clarified to liquid；
D) supernatant is carefully removed, pays attention to trying not to be drawn onto magnetic bead；
E) keep EP pipe on magnetic frame, the adherent ethyl alcohol for being slowly added to 200 μ L 80%, suction stands 30sec after beating, and goes
Supernatant；
F) repeated washing is primary, goes to remove any remaining ethyl alcohol when supernatant as far as possible；
G) it keeps EP pipe on magnetic frame, is stored at room temperature the dry magnetic bead of 4min；
H) 32 μ L Resuspension Buffer are added, is blown and beaten with rifle and mixes magnetic bead, be then stored at room temperature 2min.
I) after brief centrifugation, centrifuge tube is put into magnetic frame and is clarified up to liquid.
J) 30 μ L supernatants are pipetted into the 1.5mL centrifuge tube of new label.
3.4 establish index label for target spot
A) PCR Amplification Mix (2X) is taken out from -20 DEG C of refrigerators, 10 μM/μ LIndexed PCR
Primer i5 and Indexed PCR primer i7, and thaw on ice；
One group of Index sequence is only listed below, remaining sequence is shown in Nextera Index Kit-PCR Primers reagent
Box.
I5:AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACCTCTCTATTCGTCGGCAGCGTC (SEQ ID NO:3)
I7:CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATTCGCCTTAGTCTCGTGGGCTCGG (SEQ ID NO:4)
B) reaction system is prepared by the following method in 0.2mL centrifuge tube:
C) configured Mix is softly blown and beaten into 10 mixings, is subsequently placed in PCR instrument, response procedures are as follows:
The purifying of 3.5 libraries
A) new 1.5mL centrifuge tube is taken, then previous step is added in the magnetic bead after 50 μ L equilibrium at room temperature are added after label
PCR product blows and beats 10 mixings, is stored at room temperature 5min；
B) after brief centrifugation, centrifuge tube is put into magnetic frame and is clarified up to liquid.
C) supernatant is carefully removed, pays attention to trying not to be drawn onto magnetic bead.
D) it keeps PCR pipe on magnetic frame, the ethyl alcohol of 200 μ L 80% is added, suction stands 30sec after beating, removes supernatant.
E) repeated washing is primary, goes to remove any remaining ethyl alcohol when supernatant as far as possible.
F) it keeps centrifuge tube on magnetic frame, is stored at room temperature the dry magnetic bead of 4min.
G) 27 μ L Resuspension Buffer are added, is blown and beaten with rifle and mixes magnetic bead, be then stored at room temperature 2min.
H) after brief centrifugation, centrifuge tube is put into magnetic frame and is clarified up to liquid.
I) 25 μ L supernatants are pipetted into the 1.5mL centrifuge tube of new label.
3.6 library quality inspections
A) 1 μ L is taken to carry out Concentration Testing using Qubit3.0Fluorometer (Qubit dsDNA HS Assay Kit),
And record concentration.
B) band distribution detection is carried out to library using Agilent 2200High Sensitivity D1000kit.
4 experimental results
4.1PCR amplification
The first round and the second wheel PCR result amplify drawing for target fragment between 500-750bp and 120bp or so
Object dimer.
The purifying of 4.2 libraries and quality inspection result
After purification through paramagnetic particle method, primer dimer can be removed in library.Build library Agilent
2200Bioanalyzer carries out quality inspection, as a result as shown in Figure 1, library size is 500-700bp, there is no primer dimerization
Body.
The sequencing in 2 library of embodiment
1 sequencing steps
The mixing of 1.1 libraries
The library that needs are sequenced, ten thousand tags number requirement of the 3-5 mixing surveyed as needed；
1.2 library quality inspections
By mixed sample, Qubit3.0 and Agilent 2200Bioanalyzer quality inspection is carried out；
The dilution of 1.3 libraries
Upper machine concentration is diluted to library with Hyb Buffer；
The denaturation of 1.4 libraries
Denaturation 5 minutes is carried out to library with 0.2N NaOH, the Tris-HCl pH 7.0 of optional 0.2M carries out text after denaturation
It is neutralized after the denaturation of library；
1.5 denaturation dilutions
Denaturation library is diluted with Hyb Buffer；
Machine dilutes on 1.6
Finally, carrying out finally going up machine dilution to denaturation dilution library with Hyb Buffer again；
Machine is sequenced on 1.7
Upper machine is diluted into library, puts into reagent trough and chip etc. puts Miseq sequenator into together, import
Samplesheet, reading length of setting reads and index etc., last instrument starts to be sequenced.
2 sequencing results
It is sequenced using Miseq PE250, sequencing result Q30 > 75%, base quality is preferable.
The analysis of 3 sequencing data of embodiment
The splicing of 1 sequencing data
Each sample data are split out from lower machine data according to Barcode sequence, use FLASH pairs after clipping Barcode
The reads of each sample is spliced, and obtained splicing sequence is original Tags data (RawTags)；Splice obtained Raw
Tags needs to obtain the Tags data (Clean Tags) of high quality by stringent filtration treatment.Referring to the Tags matter of QIIME
Measure control flow, proceed as follows: a) Tags intercept: by Raw Tags from continuous low quality value (default quality threshold value be≤
19) base number reaches the first low quality base position truncation for setting length (default-length value as 3)；B) Tags long is spent
Filter: the Tags data set that Tags is obtained after interception further filters out wherein continuous high quality bases longs and is less than Tags
The Tags of length 75%.The Tags removal primer and chimera obtained after handling above.
The processing of 2 sequencing datas
The reads of high quality is obtained using Mothur filtration treatment, chimera sequence is further removed later, so far completes
The processing of sequencing data.
3 OTU cluster and species annotation
The processed sample of data is clustered using Mothur software, is defaulted with 97% consistency (Identity)
Sequence clustering is become into OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units), while the representative series of OTUs can be chosen, according to
According to its algorithm principle, screening is the representative sequence for occurring the highest sequence of frequency in OTUs as OTUs.Sequence is represented to OTUs
Column carry out species annotation, carry out species annotation with the SSUrRNA database of Mothur method and SILVA and analyze that (given threshold is
0.8~1) taxonomic information, is obtained and respectively in each categorization levels: kingdom (boundary), phylum (door), class (guiding principle),
Order (mesh), family (section), genus (category), species (kind) count group's composition of each sample.
Annotated according to species as a result, choose each sample or be grouped in each categorization levels before maximum abundance ranking 10 object
Kind, the cumulative figure of species relative abundance cylindricality is generated, intuitively to check each sample in different classifications level, relative abundance is higher
Species and its ratio.
4 species diversities and group difference analysis
It is annotated according to species as a result, carrying out the analysis of Alpha diversity indices group difference, and pass through T-test check analysis
Whether species diversity sex differernce is significant between group.
Using LEfSe (LDA Effect Size) method, finding between group and group has statistical difference
The significant species of Biomarker, i.e. group difference.
5 analysis results
It is annotated according to species as a result, obtaining the species relative abundance column diagram in category level, as shown in Figure 2.With Healthy People
It compares, patients with bowel cancer intestinal flora diversity increases, Megasphaera (Megasphaera) in patients with bowel cancer intestinal flora,
Escherichia-Shigella increases, and bacillus faecalis category (Faecalibacterium) is reduced.According to Alpha diversity analysis,
Also it can show that intestinal cancer group species diversity increases, as shown in Figure 3.
According to LEfSe analysis as a result, and combine T-test inspection result, analysis obtain Megasphaera
(Megasphaera), veillonellasp category (Veillonella), Escherichia-Shigella, streptococcus
(Streptococcus), thermophilic gallbladder Pseudomonas (Bilophila), haemophilus (Haemophilus), corynebacteria
(Corynebacterium) etc. 16 categories are intestinal cancer principal causative Pseudomonas, can be used as the relevant biomarker of intestinal cancer, wherein
Megasphaera is most important pathogenic bacteria.
Based on this, Personal Risk detection kit can be constructed, the assessment for intestinal cancer risk.Kit by
Intestinal flora DNA extract reagent, the intestinal flora gene variable region 16S rRNA amplification specific primer, library construction reagent and
Sequencing reagent composition.The detection kit for intestinal cancer Prognosis scoveillance can also be constructed.
4 regression model of embodiment
Obtained flora data are analyzed according to embodiment 3 and intestinal cancer biomarker makees logistic regression analysis.It establishes and returns
Model: y=alpha+beta1×x1+β2×x2+…+β16×x16, α is constant in formula, and β is regression coefficient, and x be the relatively rich of pathogenic Pseudomonas
Degree, y is predicted value.
Finding optimal critical point according to pROC packet picture is 0.111.That is, being classified when predicted value is greater than 0.111
For intestinal cancer low-risk, when predicted value is classified as intestinal cancer high risk less than 0.111, prediction effect is best.Precision is calculated
(Accurancy) it is 0.85, illustrates that this models fitting effect is pretty good.
By drawing ROC curve, and its AUC area is calculated, a typical measurement as assessment two classification effect.It calculates
After obtain AUC be 0.963, as shown in Figure 4.Illustrate that this forecast result of model is preferable, it can illness according to the model to intestinal cancer
Risk is predicted.
To sum up, firstly, species diversity, relative abundance and intestinal cancer associated morbidity Pseudomonas, can be used as intestinal cancer auxiliary and examine
Disconnected index；Secondly, can be combined with diagnostic model, intestinal cancer is further diagnosed, or intestinal cancer risk is carried out
Assessment, or for the monitoring of intestinal cancer prognosis；Again, patients with bowel cancer can adjust enterobacteriaceae by the beneficial bacterium of supplement missing
Group's balance, assists the treatment of intestinal cancer.In addition, intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker, which can also be applied to screening, treats or prevents Colon and rectum
The drug of cancer.
It should be noted that being not intended to limit although the various embodiments described above have been described herein
Scope of patent protection of the invention.Therefore, it based on innovative idea of the invention, change that embodiment described herein is carried out and is repaired
Change, or using equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by description of the invention and accompanying drawing content, it directly or indirectly will be with
Upper technical solution is used in other related technical areas, is included within scope of patent protection of the invention.
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Claims (9)
1. intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker, it is characterised in that: the intestinal flora marker includes Megasphaera, Wei Rong Shi
One of Coccus, streptococcus, thermophilic gallbladder Pseudomonas, haemophilus, corynebacteria or Escherichia-Shigella or one
Kind or more.
2. a kind of intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker as described in claim 1 is in preparing Personal Risk detection kit
Using.
3. intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker according to claim 2 is preparing answering in Personal Risk detection kit
With, it is characterised in that: the detection kit includes that intestinal flora DNA extracts reagent, and intestinal flora 16S rRNA gene can
Become the specific primer of area's amplification, library construction reagent and sequencing reagent.
4. intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker according to claim 2 is preparing answering in Personal Risk detection kit
With, it is characterised in that: the application method includes the sequencing of intestinal flora 16S rRNA gene, the analysis of sequencing data, wind
The calculating of dangerous predicted value, the judgement of risk.
5. intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker according to claim 4 is preparing answering in Personal Risk detection kit
With, it is characterised in that: the sequencing approach of the intestinal flora 16S rRNA gene includes the extraction of faeces DNA, intestinal flora
The building of 16S rRNA gene library, the high-flux sequence in library.
6. intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker according to claim 4 is preparing answering in Personal Risk detection kit
With, it is characterised in that: the analysis method of the sequencing data includes splicing to the data obtained after the sequencing of library, is filtered
Primer and chimera sequence are removed, OTU cluster and species annotation is carried out, obtains the species diversity and object in intestinal flora sample
Wealth of species.
7. intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker according to claim 4 is preparing answering in Personal Risk detection kit
With, it is characterised in that: the calculation method of the risk profile value is, according to regression model y=alpha+beta1×x1+β2×x2+…+
β16×x16, obtain risk profile value y, α is constant in formula, and β is regression coefficient, and x is the relative abundance of pathogenic Pseudomonas.
8. a kind of intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker as described in claim 1 is in preparation intestinal cancer Prognosis scoveillance detection kit
Using.
9. a kind of intestinal cancer intestinal flora marker as described in claim 1 is in the drug that screening treats or prevents colorectal cancer
Application.
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