CN110201982A - A kind of classification recovery system of waste lead storage battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a graded recycling system for waste lead-acid batteries, which is used for fire recovery of waste lead-acid batteries whose electrolyte has been poured out. The crushing part and the sorting part, which are arranged and connected in sequence, are used to crush the waste lead-acid batteries into small pieces, and the sorting part is used to separate the plastic shells of the crushed lead-acid batteries from the The lead core is separated; the screw feeder, which is located at one side of the crushing and sorting box, is used to transport the sorted lead core to the feeding device; the feeding device is used to have the lead core to be sintered The waste gas is transported to the sintering furnace for sintering. The sintering furnace is provided with a waste gas outlet and an air inlet; the waste gas treatment furnace is in the shape of a bottle, which is used to purify the sintering waste gas to achieve the purpose of environmental protection. The invention utilizes the combination of various mechanisms to realize the integrated sintering recovery of waste lead storage batteries and prevent environmental pollution, and is widely used in the field of energy saving and environmental protection.

Description

A graded recovery system for waste lead-acid batteries

technical field

The invention relates to the field of energy saving and environmental protection. More specifically, the present invention relates to a graded recycling system for waste lead storage batteries.

Background technique

Lead-acid batteries still play a major role in the use of automobile batteries. A large number of lead-acid batteries are disposed of by burial and incineration every year around the world, polluting the environment and wasting resources. Lead-acid batteries and battery plastic shells are recyclable. Currently, there is a fire recovery method for the resources used, that is, throwing the waste lead-acid batteries into an incinerator for incineration and recycling, but this method generally has the disadvantage of burning the plastic shell together to cause waste, and a large amount of lead Throwing the battery into an incinerator at the same time without recycling step by step will cause uneven sintering and excessive sintering will occur. During the sintering process, a large amount of hot gas containing sulfur dioxide will enter the atmosphere, forming "acid rain" and polluting the local environment.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a graded recycling system for waste lead-acid batteries that utilizes the cooperation between the two mechanisms to carry out integrated sintering of waste lead-acid batteries to improve the efficiency of sintering recovery.

In order to achieve these objects and other advantages according to the present invention, a graded recovery system for waste lead-acid batteries is provided, which is used for fire recovery of waste lead-acid batteries whose electrolyte has been drained, including:

The crushing and sorting box is in the shape of a square shell, and the crushing and sorting box includes a crushing part and a sorting part that are sequentially arranged and communicated from top to bottom, and the crushing part is used to crush the waste lead-acid battery to small fragments, the sorting part is used to separate the plastic casing and lead core of the broken lead storage battery;

A screw feeder, which is located on one side of the crushing and sorting box, the feeding end of the screw feeder extends into the bottom of the sorting part, and is used to transport the sorted lead cores to the feeding device;

The feeding device is in the shape of a square shell, and a conveyor belt is arranged horizontally and horizontally in the middle of the feeding device, which can be driven along the horizontal direction; the bottom of the feeding device is also provided with a discharge port, and the upper There is a door opening that can be opened and closed on the front and rear side panels of the feeding device;

A sintering furnace, which is in the shape of a closed shell set on the right side of the recovery feeding device, and is used to transport the lead cores conveyed on the conveyor belt to its interior and recover them after sintering. There are exhaust gas outlets and air inlets;

The exhaust gas treatment furnace is bottle-shaped, and it includes a cylindrical lower part, a small upper part and a lower large circular platform-shaped middle part, and a cylindrical upper part; the lower part of the exhaust gas treatment furnace is provided with a filter box, which is made of a screen. Prepared into a square shell shape; the lower part of the exhaust gas treatment furnace is filled with water, which submerges the filter box; the exhaust gas outlet on the sintering furnace is connected to the inside of the filter box through a plurality of ventilation pipes, The middle part of the waste gas treatment furnace is provided with a plurality of air nozzles, which are used to spray cold air to the waste gas treatment furnace.

Preferably, a pair of transverse and horizontal crushing shafts are arranged in the crushing part, and a pair of crushing shafts drive their respective axes to rotate horizontally and circularly through a driving device;

The sorting department is equipped with:

An electromagnetic slideway, which is located directly below the crushing shaft; the electromagnetic slideway is composed of a pair of electromagnet plates, the upper ends of which are close to form a triangle;

A pair of vertical passages, the upper ends of which are respectively close to the lower ends of a pair of electromagnet plates;

A pair of guide plates, which are respectively located at the lower ends of a pair of channels, guide the lead core or plastic shell sliding down from the channel to the inlet of the screw feeder, and an openable outlet is provided on the opposite side;

The bottom of the crushing and sorting box is provided with a switch door.

Preferably, the crushing shafts each include a solid cylinder and a plurality of crushing blades;

The side wall of the solid cylinder is indented at intervals along the length direction to form several threaded holes through which correspond to the crushing blades one by one;

Each of the crushing blades includes a diamond-shaped metal sheet, one end of which is welded to one end of a connecting rod with a thread, and the other end of the connecting rod is screwed into a corresponding threaded hole through a nut.

Preferably, several electrothermal rollers are arranged at intervals in the bottom of the housing;

In the sintering furnace, a number of horizontal mesh sintering pans are set at intervals from top to bottom, all of which are supported in the sintering furnace by the slide plate arranged below, and the side of the mesh sintering pan away from the feeding device is set There is a horizontal push rod passing through the furnace wall, and the side of the sintering furnace away from the push rod is provided with an outlet for each mesh sintering tray to pass through horizontally, and the outlet is horizontally connected to the feeding device;

The bottom of the feeding device is provided with a transverse horizontal slideway, and a first push trolley capable of lateral sliding is also provided on the slideway, which includes a slider, which is slidably arranged on the slideway; the slideway The block is fixed with the lower end of the first vertical electric push rod, and its upper end is fixed with a fixed block, which is provided with a rotating shaft that can rotate around its axis horizontally and circularly, the middle part of which is set on the axis of the first gear;

A second push trolley is fixed between the feeding device and the sintering furnace, which includes a vertical second electric push rod, the lower end of which is fixed on the ground, and a horizontal push rod is arranged on the upper end of the second electric push rod. A second motor arranged horizontally, the output shaft of which is sleeved on the shaft center of a second gear;

The bottom of the mesh sintering pan is provided with a row of flat teeth along its length, which can mesh with the first gear and the second gear;

Wherein, when the first electric push rod and the second electric push rod are in the shortest state, the first push trolley and the second push trolley are lower than the mesh sintering tray located at the bottom.

The present invention at least includes the following beneficial effects:

1. Comprehensive treatment and integrated sintering. This waste lead-acid battery graded recovery system uses the combination of crushing and sorting device, feeding device, sintering device and waste gas treatment device to carry out integrated sintering and recycling of waste lead-acid battery, which overcomes the scattered The waste lead-acid batteries are processed separately by each device, and the various devices will waste a lot of time and have redundant procedures and other disadvantages in the coordination and interaction.

2. Energy saving and environmental protection, sustainable development, which effectively solves the disadvantages of the prior art in which the waste gas after sintering is directly discharged into the atmosphere in the process of recycling by pyrolysis, which will cause serious pollution to the atmosphere and form acid rain.

3. The structure level is refined, and the recovery effect is better. The internal sintering disk is divided into several balanced layers in the sintering device, and the heat absorption and reaction are faster during sintering.

Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will partly be embodied through the following descriptions, and partly will be understood by those skilled in the art through the study and practice of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the graded recovery system of waste lead storage battery of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of crushing and sorting box body, screw feeder, feeding device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural diagram of sintering furnace and waste gas treatment furnace of the present invention;

Description of reference signs in the manual: 1. Crushing and sorting box, 2. Screw feeder, 3. Feeding device, 4. Sintering furnace, 5. Exhaust gas treatment furnace, 6. Crushing part, 7. Sorting part, 8. Discharge port, 9, conveyor belt, 10, air inlet, 11, ventilation pipe, 12, screen box, 13, air nozzle, 14, electromagnetic slideway, 15, electric heating roller, 16, switch door, 17, drive Device, 18, mesh sintering disc, 19, push rod, 20, slide plate, 21, first push trolley, 22, second push trolley, 601, broken shaft.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the description.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implied. It should not be construed as limiting the invention that a device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed, and operate in a particular orientation.

As shown in Figures 1-3, the present invention provides a graded recovery system for waste lead-acid batteries, which is used for fire recovery of waste lead-acid batteries whose electrolyte has been poured out, which includes:

The crushing and sorting box 1 is in the shape of a square shell. The crushing and sorting box 1 includes a crushing part 6 and a sorting part 7 which are sequentially arranged and communicated from top to bottom. The crushing part 6 is used to The waste lead storage battery is broken into small fragments, and the sorting unit 7 is used to separate the plastic casing and the lead core of the broken lead storage battery;

Screw feeder 2, which is located on one side of the crushing and sorting box 1, the feeding end of the screw feeder 2 extends into the bottom of the sorting part 7, and is used to transport the sorted lead cores to the feeding device 3;

The feeding device 3 is in the shape of a square shell, and a conveyor belt 9 is arranged horizontally and horizontally in the middle of the feeding device 3, which can be driven along the horizontal direction; the bottom of the feeding device 3 is also provided with a discharge port 8. A door opening that can be opened and closed is provided on the front and rear side plates of the feeding device 3;

The sintering furnace 4 is in the shape of a closed shell arranged on the right side of the feeding device 3, and the sintering furnace 4 is used to transfer the lead cores conveyed on the conveyor belt 9 to its interior and recover them after sintering. The sintering furnace 4 is provided with a waste gas outlet and an air inlet 10;

The exhaust gas treatment furnace 5 is bottle-shaped, and it includes a cylindrical bottom, a small upper and a lower large conical middle and a cylindrical upper part; the bottom of the exhaust gas treatment furnace 5 is provided with a screen box 12, which is The square shell shape that is formed by screen mesh preparation; The bottom of waste gas treatment furnace 5 is filled with water, and it submerges described screen box 12; Referring to the inside of the screen filter box 12, a plurality of air nozzles 13 are arranged in the middle of the waste gas treatment furnace 5, which are used to spray cold air to the waste gas treatment furnace 5.

In the above technical solution, the waste lead-acid batteries after the electrolyte is poured out are put into the crushing and sorting box 1 in an orderly manner for crushing and sorting, wherein the waste lead-acid batteries are crushed to After the lead core and plastic shell fragments fall to the sorting part 7, the plastic shell fragments are sorted out for recycling to make granular plastic recycling, while the lead core falls into the sorting part 7 The screw feeder 2 below is transported to the feeding device 3 in an orderly manner, and the conveyor belt 9 provided by the feeding device 3 is horizontally transported to the sintering furnace 4 for sintering and recovery. The acidic gas produced during sintering The gas harmful to the atmosphere is filtered through the exhaust gas treatment furnace 5, and the above is the step of classification and recovery of waste lead-acid storage batteries.

During the sintering process, the inert gas used to prevent explosion during combustion is added through the air inlet 10 provided on the top of the sintering furnace 4, and the inert gas can be selected from helium, argon and the like.

Wherein, during the feeding process of the feeding device 3, people can clean up the battery cores scattered during the conveying process of the conveyor belt 9 through the openable door openings arranged on the front and rear side walls of the feeding device 3, and when the lead cores are in the sintering furnace 4. When returning to the feeding device 3 after the middle sintering is completed, it is also possible to utilize the openable door opening to enter wherein the sintered finished lead core is pushed into the discharge port 8.

Among them, the bottleneck of the bottle-shaped exhaust gas treatment furnace 5 is tapered. When the exhaust gas enters the filter box 12 in the bottle body to filter out the particulate matter in the exhaust gas and rises to the bottleneck, a narrow gas accumulation space will be formed. , and the gas at this place contains dense acidic substances, which will form local acid rain and pollute the local environment when it is discharged into the atmosphere. The hot and cold air formed in the gathering space falls into the waste gas treatment furnace 5 in the form of acid rain in advance to prevent it from entering the atmosphere and causing environmental pollution. On the side wall of the waste gas treatment furnace 5, there is also a switch door 16, which is used to clean the filter. The particles in the net cage 12 are used for later maintenance. At the same time, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively provided at the top and bottom of the lower part of the waste gas treatment furnace 5. When the water in the furnace is filtered to a turbid state, it can be discharged through the water outlet The sewage is discharged, and then the water inlet is used to refill the furnace with clean water.

In another technical solution, a pair of transverse and horizontal crushing shafts 601 are arranged in the crushing part 6, and a pair of crushing shafts 601 are driven by a driving device 17 to rotate their respective axes horizontally and circularly;

The sorting section 7 is provided with:

An electromagnetic slideway 14, which is located directly below the crushing shaft 601; the electromagnetic slideway 14 is composed of a pair of electromagnet plates, the upper ends of which abut to form a triangle;

A pair of vertical passages, the upper ends of which are respectively close to the lower ends of a pair of electromagnet plates;

A pair of guide plates, which are respectively located at the lower ends of a pair of passages, guide the lead core or plastic shell sliding down from the passages to the inlet of the screw feeder 2, and an openable outlet is provided on the opposite side;

The bottom of the crushing and sorting box 1 is provided with an opening and closing door 16 .

In the above technical solution, the horizontal driving device 17 includes a first motor arranged horizontally, the output shaft of which is linked with a gear meshing group arranged vertically, and the gear meshing group includes a driving gear and a driven gear, The output shaft is connected to the shaft center on one side of the driving gear, and the shaft center on the other side of the pair of gears is correspondingly connected to a pair of crushing shafts 601; the crushing shaft 601 is driven by a motor to rotate relative to the waste lead-acid storage battery after crushing. When falling into the electromagnetic slideway 14, the electromagnetic suction force is controlled to absorb the lead core, and the plastic shell fragments slide into the passage along the electromagnetic slideway 14, and then guide them into the screw feeder by using the guiding effect of the guide plate 2. Open the openable outlet located at the bottom of the screw feeder 2 to discharge the plastic shell fragments to the opening and closing door 16 at the bottom of the crushing and sorting box 1 for recycling, then close the opening and closing door 16 to reduce the magnetic force of the electromagnetic slideway 14, The lead core fragments enter the guide plate along the electromagnetic slideway 14 and slide down into the screw feeder 2 to be transported to the next recovery device.

In another technical solution, the crushing shafts 601 each include a solid cylinder and a plurality of crushing blades;

The side wall of the solid cylinder is indented at intervals along the length direction to form several threaded holes through which correspond to the crushing blades one by one;

Each of the crushing blades includes a diamond-shaped metal sheet, one end of which is welded to one end of a connecting rod with a thread, and the other end of the connecting rod is screwed into a corresponding threaded hole through a nut.

In the above technical solution, due to the relatively high hardness of the lead core itself, the rigid impact on the crushing shaft 601 is relatively strong. When crushing the crushing shaft 601, metal crushing blades with better crushing effects should be used to rotate and cut the crushing blades. It can be detachably installed on the crushing shaft 601 by means of connection. When the crushing blades therein are damaged or need to be maintained, it is convenient to remove the blades for maintenance and replacement.

In another technical solution, several electrothermal rollers 15 are arranged at intervals at the bottom of the housing;

In the sintering furnace 4, several horizontal mesh sintering pans 18 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, all of which are supported in the sintering furnace 4 by the slide plate 20 arranged below, and the mesh sintering pans 18 are far away from the feeding device. 3 are provided with a horizontal push rod 19 passing through the furnace wall, and the side of the sintering furnace 4 away from the push rod 19 is provided with an outlet for each mesh sintering tray 18 to pass through horizontally, and the outlet is horizontally connected to Inside the feeding device 3.

The bottom of the feeding device 3 is provided with a horizontal slideway, and the slideway is also provided with a first pushing trolley 21 capable of laterally sliding, which includes a slide block, which is slidably arranged on the slideway; The lower end of the first vertical electric push rod 19 is fixed on the slider, and a fixed block is fixed at its upper end, on which a rotating shaft capable of horizontally rotating around its axis is arranged, and the middle part thereof is set on the shaft center of the first gear. ;

A second push trolley 22 is fixedly arranged between the feeding device 3 and the sintering furnace 4, which includes a vertical second electric push rod 19, the lower end of which is fixed on the ground, and the second electric push rod 19 The upper end is provided with a second motor arranged horizontally and horizontally, and its output shaft is sleeved on the axis of a second gear;

The bottom of the mesh sintering disc 18 is provided with a row of flat teeth along its length, which can mesh with the first gear and the second gear;

Wherein, when the first electric push rod 19 and the second electric push rod 19 are in the shortest state, the first pushing trolley 21 and the second pushing trolley 22 are lower than the mesh sintering tray at the bottom. 18.

In the above technical solution, each layer of mesh sintering tray 18 is sequentially inserted into the feeding device 3 for feeding and then returned to the sintering furnace 4 for high-temperature sintering, wherein each mesh sintering tray 18 is provided with a slide plate 20. While supporting the mesh sintering tray 18, the mesh sintering tray 18 can slide horizontally on the slide plate 20 left and right. When operating, first push the bottom mesh sintering tray 18 to the sintering position by manually pushing the push rod 19. The side wall of the furnace 4 is positioned at the outlet on the opposite side of the push rod 19, so that the bottom of the netted sintering pan 18 is positioned at the top of the second pushing trolley 22, and then the second motor is turned on so that the gear on the second pushing trolley 22 is rotated and connected with The flat teeth on the bottom of the net-like sintering pan 18 cooperate to slide the net-like sintering pan 18 horizontally into the feeding device 3. At this time, the first pushing trolley 21 in the feeding device 3 is moved along the slideway to approach the sintering furnace 4. The side and the height are just at the bottom of the mesh sintering tray 18. Under the power output of the motor of the second pushing trolley 22, the entire mesh sintering tray 18 is continuously moved laterally into the feeding device 3, and then the second pushing trolley 22 is closed. The motor makes the mesh sintering disk 18 in a static state, then opens the screw feeder 2 and the conveyor belt 9, and the lead cores are transported to the mesh sintering disk 18 in an orderly manner, and simultaneously opens the motor of the second push trolley 22 to make Its direction of rotation is opposite. When the netted sintering pan 18 slowly moves back to the sintering furnace 4 sides, the lead cores to be sintered will be evenly covered. Sintered lead core.

Wherein, by controlling the expansion and contraction of the first electric push rod 19 and the second electric push rod 19 at different heights, the support and movement of the mesh sintering tray 18 at different heights is adapted.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and implementation, it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, and it can be easily understood by those skilled in the art Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of classification recovery system of waste lead storage battery, the waste lead storage battery for being used to outwell electrolyte carries out pyrogenic process Recycling, which is characterized in that it includes

Cracking and sorting cabinet is square casing shape, and the cracking and sorting cabinet includes setting gradually and being connected to from top to bottom Broken portion and sorting portion, the broken portion are used to the waste lead storage battery being crushed to fine grained chippings shape, and the sorting portion is used for The plastic shell of broken lead storage battery is separated with lead for retractable pencil；

Screw feeding machine, is located at cracking and sorting cabinet side, and screw feeding machine feed end protrudes into the bottom in the sorting portion Portion, for the lead for retractable pencil after sorting to be delivered to feeding device；

The feeding device is square casing shape, and a conveyer belt is arranged in the middle part horizontal cross of the feeding device, can be along Horizontal direction transmission；The bottom of the feeding device is additionally provided with discharge port, is respectively provided on the front and back side plate of the feeding device There is an openable and closable door opening；

Sintering furnace is the closed housing shape that the right side of feeding device is arranged in, and the sintering furnace is for uploading conveyer belt The lead for retractable pencil movement sent is recycled to its inside and after being sintered, and is provided with waste gas outlet and air inlet on the sintering furnace；

The exhaust-gas treatment furnace is ampuliform, and it includes cylindric lower part, up-small and down-big round table-like middle part and cylindrical shape Top；The lower part of exhaust-gas treatment furnace is provided with filter screen box, to prepare the rectangular housing shape formed by sieve；Exhaust-gas treatment The lower part of furnace is loaded with water, and the filter screen box is flooded；Waste gas outlet on the sintering furnace passes through more snorkel connections To the inside of the filter screen box, multiple air nozzles are provided in the middle part of the exhaust-gas treatment furnace, are used to spray to exhaust-gas treatment furnace Cold air.

2. the classification recovery system of waste lead storage battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:

A pair of broken shaft transversely and horizontally is provided in the broken portion, a pair of of broken shaft drives it respectively by a driving device Axis horizontal circular-rotation；

It is provided in the sorting portion

One electromagnetism slideway is located at the underface of the broken shaft；The electromagnetism slideway is made of a pair of of electromagnetism iron plate, the upper end Against forming triangular shape；

A pair of vertical channel, lower end of the upper end respectively against a pair of of electromagnetism iron plate；

A pair of of guide plate is located at a pair of channels lower end, and the lead for retractable pencil slided out of channel or plastic shell is directed to The import of screw feeding machine, opposite side are additionally provided with an openable and closable outlet；

The cracking and sorting bottom of box is provided with switch gate.

3. the classification recovery system of waste lead storage battery according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the broken shaft wraps Include an internal solid cylinder and multiple broken blades；

The side wall of the internal solid cylinder is spaced invagination along its length and forms perforative several threaded holes, with the broken blade It corresponds；

The broken blade includes a diamond-type metal piece, and one end welds one end of screwed connecting rod, the connection The other end of bar passes through a nut and is screwed onto corresponding threaded hole.

4. the classification recovery system of waste lead storage battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that bottom in the shell Several electric rollers are arranged in interval；

From top to bottom the netted sintering pan of several levels is arranged in interval in the sintering furnace, passes through the slide plate being arranged below It is supported in sintering furnace, the netted sintering pan is provided with one far from the side of the feeding device and is pierced by the horizontal of furnace wall Push rod, the sintering furnace are provided with the outlet being pierced by for each netted sintering pan level, the outlet transverse direction water far from push rod side It is flat to be connected in the feeding device；

The feeding device bottom is provided with slideway transversely and horizontally, be additionally provided on the slideway one can slide laterally first Pushing tow trolley a comprising sliding block is slidably arranged on the slideway；It is electronic that vertical first is fixed on the sliding block The lower end of push rod, the upper end are fixed with a fixed block, be provided with one can around the shaft of its axis horizontal circular-rotation, wherein Portion is threaded through the axle center of first gear；

One second pushing tow trolley is fixedly installed between the feeding device and the sintering furnace comprising a second vertical electricity Dynamic push rod, lower end fix on the ground, and the upper end of the second electric pushrod is provided with the second motor of horizontal cross setting, Output sleeve is located at the axle center of a second gear；

Row's flat tooth is arranged in the netted sintering pan bottom along its length, with the first gear, second gear energy Intermeshing；

Wherein, when first electric pushrod and the second electric pushrod are in most short status, the first pushing tow trolley, second Pushing tow trolley is lower than the netted sintering pan positioned at the bottom.