CN110098626A - One kind is based on thermo-electric generation and modular powersupply system and its operation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation and power supply, and proposes a power supply system based on thermoelectric power generation and modularization and its operation method, including multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules, and multiple sets of voltages connected to each set of thermoelectric power generation modules in one-to-one correspondence The equalization circuit, the series-parallel connection setting circuit respectively connected to multiple sets of voltage equalization circuits, the battery module, and the control platform include the following steps: detecting the output voltage and current of each thermoelectric power generation module, and the DC bus voltage U; if the DC bus voltage U If it is lower than the rated voltage range, the battery is controlled to discharge to the DC bus; if the DC bus voltage U is higher than the rated voltage range, the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the battery to reduce the DC bus voltage U to the rated voltage range. The present invention adopts a series or parallel conversion mode between each thermoelectric power generation module, which makes up for the defects of low power generation and instability of a single thermoelectric power generation piece.

Description

A power supply system based on temperature difference power generation and modularization and its operation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation and power supply, in particular to a thermoelectric power generation and modularized power supply system and its operating method.

Background technique

Sensors, instruments, monitoring systems, signal lights and other small devices working in remote areas need a stable power supply to work normally. However, affected by the remoteness of the region, it is difficult for the above-mentioned electrical devices to be connected to the grid to obtain electric energy. At present, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, dry batteries, etc. are generally used to supply power to the equipment in the above-mentioned remote areas, but wind power generation has strong instability, photovoltaic power generation devices cannot operate at night, and dry batteries have limited capacity and need to be replaced regularly. have certain limitations.

The thermoelectric power generation piece is a new type of power generation element. When there is a certain temperature difference between the front and the back of the thermoelectric power generation piece, the port of the thermoelectric power generation piece will form a voltage and output a certain current. Power supply is a new way of thinking about power supply. However, when a single thermoelectric power generation sheet generates electricity, there are also certain limitations. First, the thermoelectric power generation sheet generates more power in an environment with a high temperature difference, but less power in an environment with a low temperature difference. In addition, the application field of the thermoelectric generation sheet is limited, and when multiple thermoelectric generation sheets are connected in series and parallel for power supply, since the voltages of the output ports of different thermoelectric generation sheets are not used, it is easy to cause adverse effects such as circulation. Limitations greatly limit the practical application of thermoelectric power generation in power supply.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the existing deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide a power supply system based on thermoelectric power generation and modularization and its operation method. The modular design is adopted, and the control platform controls the operating status of each module and circuit. Real-time monitoring, control the switch combination in the series-parallel setting circuit, and realize the parallel or series connection of multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules, so that the various parts of the power supply system can form a closely related system through effective cooperation and control. The organic whole provides stable power supply for the load.

In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

A power supply system based on temperature difference power generation and modularization, which uses a DC bus to input power to the load, including:

Multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules, when there is a temperature difference between the front and back of each set of thermoelectric power generation modules, the ports of the thermoelectric power generation modules output voltage and current;

Multiple sets of voltage equalization circuits connected to each set of thermoelectric power generation modules in one-to-one correspondence are used to balance the output port voltage of the thermoelectric power generation modules so that the port output voltages of each thermoelectric power generation module are consistent; multiple sets of the voltage equalization circuits The output terminals are all merged into the DC bus;

A series-parallel connection setting circuit respectively connected to multiple groups of voltage equalization circuits is used to realize the connection and conversion of series/parallel connection between each group of thermoelectric power generation modules;

The battery modules respectively connected to multiple sets of voltage equalization circuits are composed of batteries and their charging and discharging circuits, which are used to discharge to the DC bus or receive power from the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the output power of the DC bus can be balanced;

The control platform is used to detect the output voltage of each group of thermoelectric power generation modules and the voltage of the DC bus, and monitor the operating status of the thermoelectric power generation modules, voltage equalization circuit, series-parallel connection setting circuit, and battery module.

Further, in order to better realize the present invention, each group of thermoelectric power generation modules includes an even number of thermoelectric power generation chips, and the even number of thermoelectric power generation chips are divided into two groups of power generation units, wherein the output of the thermoelectric power generation chips in each group of power generation units The ports are connected in series, and the output ports of the two sets of generating units are connected in parallel.

Further, in order to better realize the present invention, each set of voltage equalization circuits includes an LM317 voltage regulator and its peripheral circuit, the peripheral circuit includes a resistor R1 connected in series with the thermoelectric power generation module, a resistor R2 connected in series with the LM317 voltage regulator .

Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the series-parallel setting circuit is a switch array composed of a plurality of relays.

Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules include one or more sets of redundant power generation modules.

Further, in order to better realize the present invention, the control platform includes a single-chip microcomputer and its peripheral circuits, and the peripheral circuits include a reset circuit, a clock circuit, and a memory respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer.

A method for operating a power supply system based on thermoelectric power generation and modularization, comprising the following steps:

Detect the output voltage and output current of each thermoelectric power generation module, as well as the DC bus voltage U;

If the DC bus voltage U is no longer within the rated voltage range and is lower than the rated voltage lower limit U _N2 , control the battery to discharge to the DC bus so that the DC bus voltage U rises to the rated voltage range;

If the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the storage battery so that the DC bus voltage U falls within the rated voltage range.

Further, in order to better realize the present invention, if the DC bus voltage U is no longer within the rated voltage range and is lower than the lower limit U _N2 of the rated voltage, the storage battery is controlled to discharge to the DC bus, so that the DC bus voltage U is raised to the rated voltage U steps in the voltage range, including:

If the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is lower than the lower limit U _N2 of the rated voltage, the connection mode between the thermoelectric power generation modules is converted from parallel to parallel, or/and the redundant power generation modules are merged into the thermoelectric power generation modules, Increase the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation module, thereby increasing the DC bus voltage U;

If the DC bus voltage U is still lower than the rated voltage lower limit U _N2 , the battery is controlled to discharge to the DC bus, so that the DC bus voltage U returns to the rated voltage range.

Further, in order to better realize the present invention, if the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , then the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the storage battery so that the DC bus voltage U is reduced to the rated voltage U steps in the voltage range, including:

If the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , remove the redundant power generation modules, or/and change the connection mode between the thermoelectric power generation modules from parallel to series to reduce the temperature difference power generation modules. output voltage, thereby reducing the DC bus voltage U;

If the DC bus voltage U is still higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the battery so that the DC bus voltage U returns to the rated voltage range.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention:

(1) The present invention adopts the series or parallel conversion mode between each thermoelectric power generation module, which makes up for the defect of low and unstable power generation of a single thermoelectric power generation piece, especially the limitation of extremely low power generation in a low temperature difference environment ;

(2) The present invention uses a control platform to control the working state of the battery module, which solves the problems of unstable output port of the thermoelectric power generation module, circulating current, power imbalance between the power generation side and the power consumption side, and makes the modularized power supply in the present invention The power system can be organically combined as a whole, so as to provide stable, continuous and reliable power supply for the load;

(3) The present invention is applicable to the loads of various power systems in remote areas, and can be used as a general-purpose type in power supply systems to shorten the research and development cycle, improve operational reliability, and reduce manufacturing costs.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and thus It should be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of power supply system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage equalization circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the operation method of the power supply system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions, as shown in Figure 1, a power supply system based on thermoelectric power generation and modularization, which supplies power to loads, including: multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules, and one-to-one corresponding connection with multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules Multiple sets of voltage equalization circuits, series and parallel setting circuits respectively connected to multiple sets of voltage equalization circuits, storage battery modules, and control platform. The invention adopts a modular design, and the control platform monitors the operating status of the thermoelectric power generation module, voltage equalization circuit, series-parallel connection setting circuit, and battery module in real time in the power supply system, and detects the output voltage of each thermoelectric power generation module and the DC bus The voltage U controls the switch combination in the series-parallel setting circuit to realize the parallel connection or series connection of multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules, so that the various parts of the power supply system can form a close relationship through effective cooperation and control. The organic whole provides continuous and stable power supply for the load.

Furthermore, the multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules include N sets of thermoelectric power generation modules and one or more sets of redundant power generation modules. The thermoelectric power generation modules and redundant power generation modules have the same structure and function, and are collectively referred to as thermoelectric power generation modules hereinafter. According to the different loads connected to the power supply system, the number N of thermoelectric power generation modules required by the load can be calculated separately. Under normal circumstances, N thermoelectric power generation modules can meet the normal power supply requirements of the load, that is, the DC bus output to the load The voltage is within the rated voltage range, but considering the influence of environmental factors, or when a thermoelectric power generation module may be damaged, one or more redundant power generation modules are equipped as backup, which can supplement the output power of the power supply system in time.

When the front and back of each group of thermoelectric power generation modules are in an environment with temperature difference, the ports of the thermoelectric power generation modules will output voltage and current. The thermoelectric power generation module described in each group includes an even number of thermoelectric power generation chips, and the even number of thermoelectric power generation chips are divided into two groups of power generation units, wherein the output ports of the thermoelectric power generation chips in each group of power generation units are connected in series, and the two groups of power generation units The output ports are connected in parallel.

Preferably, each thermoelectric power generation module in this embodiment selects four thermoelectric power generation pieces, wherein the output ports of two thermoelectric power generation pieces are connected in series to form a group of thermoelectric power generation units, and the output voltage is increased in series, and the other two The output ports of the thermoelectric power generation units are also connected in series to form a group of thermoelectric power generation units. The output ports of the two sets of thermoelectric power generation units are connected in parallel. The output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation modules combined in series and parallel is the temperature difference of the four thermoelectric power generation units in series. twice the output voltage of the generating module.

Furthermore, in the actual application process, according to the actual temperature state of the environment where the load is located and the power consumption of the load itself, the number N of thermoelectric power generation modules is set, and these thermoelectric power generation modules are connected in parallel or in series to achieve The supply voltage and current required by the load. However, due to the uneven temperature conditions in the environment and the inconsistent characteristics of the thermoelectric power generation sheets, the output voltage of each group of thermoelectric power generation modules is inconsistent. A large circulating current, that is, the current will flow from the high-potential thermoelectric power generation module to the ground potential thermoelectric power generation module, thereby affecting the efficiency of power generation and the safety of the device. Therefore, a voltage equalization circuit is added, and each group of the voltage equalization circuit includes an LM317 voltage regulator and its peripheral circuits. By setting the resistance values of resistors R1 and R2 in the voltage equalization circuit, the output ports of each thermoelectric power generation module The voltage is consistent and stable, that is, when the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation module fluctuates, the output voltage of the voltage equalization circuit is stabilized to a uniform voltage, so that the output voltage of each thermoelectric power generation module is balanced. As shown in Figure 2, the peripheral circuit of the LM317 voltage regulator includes capacitor C1, capacitor C2, resistor R1, resistor R2, diode D1, thermoelectric power generation module, one end of capacitor C1, the cathode of diode D1 and the input of the LM317 voltage regulator The ground terminal of LM317 is connected with one end of resistor R1 and one end of resistor R2 respectively, the output terminal of LM317 is respectively connected with the other end of resistor R2 and one end of capacitor C2, the other end of capacitor C1 and the anode of diode D2 , the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the capacitor C2 are grounded.

Further, the series-parallel connection setting circuit includes multiple sets of relay switch arrays connected to the voltage equalization circuit in one-to-one correspondence, and each set of relay switch arrays includes internal switch one (indicated by n1 in FIG. 1 ), switch two (shown by n1 in FIG. 1, represented by n2) and the switch three (represented by Sn in Figure 1) connected between each group of voltage equalization circuits. The relay switch array accepts the control signal of the control platform to form a variety of different switch combinations to realize the series/parallel connection and conversion between each group of thermoelectric power generation modules, so as to improve the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation modules in an environment with low temperature difference. current.

Furthermore, the control platform is a control system composed of a single-chip microcomputer and its peripheral circuits, which detects the output voltage and output current of each thermoelectric power generation module, thereby judging the output power of each thermoelectric power generation module. Built-in modular operation algorithm in the single chip microcomputer to monitor and control the operation status of the entire power supply system, specifically including controlling the switch combination of the series and parallel setting circuit, judging whether the redundant power generation module is incorporated into operation, monitoring and controlling the battery module working state, so that the power supply system can stably supply power to the load.

Based on the above-mentioned thermoelectric power generation and modular power supply system, an operation method is proposed. Specifically, an operation method based on thermoelectric power generation and modular power supply system. When the thermoelectric power generation module is used to supply power to the load, as the load The operating environment of the thermoelectric power generation module changes in real time, and the temperature difference in the actual operating environment of the thermoelectric power generation module also changes in real time. The output voltage of each group of thermoelectric power generation modules is connected to a DC bus, and the DC bus is connected to a Zener diode D2. When the temperature difference between the front and back of the thermoelectric power generation sheet is small, the output voltage of each group of thermoelectric power generation modules can only be stabilized at a lower voltage level, so the voltage U of the DC bus in the power supply system may not be within the allowable upper limit of the rated voltage Between U _N1 and the allowable lower limit U _N1 .

It should be noted that the DC bus voltage U is the voltage of the power supply system to the load, and there are different rated voltage ranges for different loads, so the DC bus voltage U needs to be controlled within the rated voltage range.

When the output power of the thermoelectric power generation module is less than the load power, the output power of the DC bus is less than the load power. Similarly, when the output power of the thermoelectric power generation module is greater than the load power, the output power of the DC bus is greater than the load power, so it is necessary to add a battery module , to charge and discharge it to balance the output power of the DC bus, thereby stabilizing the output power of the power supply system to the load.

As shown in Figure 3, detect the output voltage and output current of each thermoelectric power generation module, as well as the DC bus voltage _U ; The bus is discharged to increase the DC bus voltage U to the rated voltage range; if the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the battery to reduce the DC bus voltage U to the rated voltage range.

Specifically, the power supply system may be in an extreme environment, and the output power at this time is unstable, and the DC bus voltage U may not be within the rated voltage range. As shown in Figure 3, when the DC bus voltage U is lower than the allowable lower limit U _N2 of the rated voltage, the control platform first sends a control signal to the relay switch in the series-parallel setting circuit, so that the parallel connection modules of the adjacent thermoelectric power generation modules are converted into Series connection mode. According to conventional knowledge, the voltage in series in the circuit is greater than the voltage in parallel, and the method of controlling the series-parallel connection setting circuit by the control platform is given as an example, as shown in Figure 1, assuming that there are only thermoelectric power generation module 1 and thermoelectric power generation module 2, in the Under the control signal, the switch 11 is closed, the switch 12 is closed, the switch 21 is closed, the switch 22 is closed, and the switch S1 is opened. At this time, the thermoelectric power generation module 1 and the thermoelectric power generation module 2 are connected in parallel. When the thermoelectric power generation module 1 and the thermoelectric power generation module 2 When the voltage U output to the DC bus is low, it is necessary to connect the thermoelectric power generation module 1 and the thermoelectric power generation module 2 in series. At this time, the control platform sends a new control scheme to the series-parallel connection setting circuit. Under the action of the control signal, The switch 11 is closed, the switch 12 is opened, the switch 21 is opened, the switch 22 is closed, and the switch S1 is closed. At this time, the thermoelectric power generation module 1 and the thermoelectric power generation module 2 are connected in series, and the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation module increases, thereby improving the DC bus Voltage U.

If all the thermoelectric power generation modules are converted to series connection mode, the voltage U output to the DC bus is still lower than the rated voltage lower limit UN2, the control platform will incorporate the spare redundant power generation module into the thermoelectric power generation module, and The modules are connected in series, and the number of redundant power generation modules is determined by the actual power required by the load. In this way, the voltage U of the DC bus can be continuously increased, thereby increasing the power provided by the power supply system to the load.

If all the spare redundant power generation modules are connected in series to the thermoelectric power generation module, the DC bus voltage U is still lower than the voltage lower limit UN2, then when the battery voltage U _S is higher than the battery discharge voltage threshold U _SN1 , that is, the battery power When it is sufficient, the control platform controls the battery to discharge to the DC bus, supplements the insufficient energy in the DC bus, and restores the DC bus voltage U to between U _N1 and U _N2 , thereby stabilizing the power provided by the power supply system to the load.

It should be noted that when the DC bus voltage U is lower than the allowable lower limit U _N2 of the rated voltage, the two methods of converting the parallel connection mode of the thermoelectric power generation module into the series connection mode and incorporating the redundant power generation module are not in any order. It can be carried out at the same time, depending on the actual situation, as shown in Figure 3, it is preferable to first convert the parallel connection mode into a series connection mode, and then incorporate redundant power generation modules. Note that the method of controlling the battery to supply power to the DC bus should be used when the aforementioned two power-up methods cannot restore the DC bus voltage U to the rated voltage range, because the life of the battery will decrease with the increase in the number of uses, which can maximize the battery life. life.

As shown in Figure 3, when the DC bus voltage U is higher than the allowable upper limit of the rated voltage U _N1 , first stop the battery, that is, disconnect the battery to discharge to the DC bus, if the DC bus voltage U is still higher than the allowable upper limit of the rated voltage U _N1 , first remove the redundant power generation module, and then convert the series connection mode of the thermoelectric power generation module into a parallel connection mode to reduce the DC voltage U, thereby reducing the power provided by the power supply system to the load.

If after the above operations, the control platform detects that the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation module still has a margin, that is, the voltage of the DC bus U is still higher than the allowable upper limit U _N1 of the rated voltage, then when the battery voltage U _S is lower than its charging voltage threshold U _SN2 , the control platform controls the thermoelectric power generation module to charge the battery to reduce the discharge to the DC bus, so that the voltage U of the DC bus is lower than the allowable upper limit U _N1 of the rated voltage, and returns to between U _N1 and U _N2 , thereby stabilizing the power supply system. power provided by the load.

It should be noted that when the DC bus voltage U is higher than the allowable upper limit U _N1 of the rated voltage, firstly, the battery needs to be disconnected to discharge to the DC bus, and then the redundant power generation module is removed, and the series connection mode of the thermoelectric power generation module is converted to a parallel connection The two methods of connection mode are in no particular order, and can be carried out at the same time, or only one method can be selected, as long as the DC bus voltage U can be reduced to the rated voltage range. As shown in FIG. 3 , it is preferable to remove the redundant power generation modules first, and then convert the series connection mode of the thermoelectric power generation modules into a parallel connection mode.

In summary, the present invention proposes a power supply system based on thermoelectric power generation and modularization and its operation method. The thermoelectric power generation modules are constructed in an array form, and a voltage equalization circuit is used to control the output port voltage of each group of thermoelectric power generation modules. Perform equalization, and then under the monitoring of the control platform, if the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range, the control platform controls the working state of the battery module, and sets the series or parallel mode of each thermoelectric power generation module, and then Control the DC bus voltage U so that it can stably supply power to the load within the rated voltage range.

The present invention adopts the series or parallel conversion mode between each thermoelectric power generation module, which makes up for the defect of low power generation and instability of a single thermoelectric power generation piece, especially the limitation of extremely low power generation in a low temperature difference environment; adopts control The platform controls the working state of the battery module, which solves the problems of unstable output port of the thermoelectric power generation module, circulating current, and power imbalance between the power generation side and the power consumption side, so that the modularized power supply system in the present invention can be organically combined as A whole, so as to provide stable, continuous and reliable power supply for the load; and the invention is suitable for loads of various power systems in remote areas, and can be used as a general-purpose power supply system, shortening the research and development cycle, improving operational reliability, and reducing manufacturing costs. cost.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A power supply system based on temperature difference power generation and modularization, using a DC bus to input power to the load, characterized in that it includes: Multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules, when there is a temperature difference between the front and back of each set of thermoelectric power generation modules, the ports of the thermoelectric power generation modules output voltage and current; Multiple sets of voltage equalization circuits connected to each set of thermoelectric power generation modules in one-to-one correspondence are used to balance the output port voltage of the thermoelectric power generation modules so that the port output voltages of each thermoelectric power generation module are consistent; multiple sets of the voltage equalization circuits The output terminals are all merged into the DC bus; A series-parallel connection setting circuit respectively connected to multiple groups of voltage equalization circuits is used to realize the connection and conversion of series/parallel connection between each group of thermoelectric power generation modules; The battery modules respectively connected to multiple sets of voltage equalization circuits are composed of batteries and their charging and discharging circuits, which are used to discharge to the DC bus or receive power from the thermoelectric power generation module, so that the output power of the DC bus can be balanced; The control platform is used to detect the output voltage of each group of thermoelectric power generation modules and the voltage of the DC bus, and monitor the operating status of the thermoelectric power generation modules, voltage equalization circuit, series-parallel connection setting circuit, and battery module. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: each group of said thermoelectric power generation modules includes an even number of thermoelectric power generation chips, and the even number of thermoelectric power generation chips are equally divided into two groups of power generation units, wherein the temperature difference in each group of power generation units The output ports of the generating chips are connected in series, and the output ports of the two groups of generating units are connected in parallel. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: each set of said voltage equalization circuit includes an LM317 voltage regulator and its peripheral circuit, and the peripheral circuit includes a resistor R1 connected in series with the thermoelectric power generation module, and an LM317 voltage regulator resistor R2 in series. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the series-parallel setting circuit is a switch array composed of a plurality of relays. 5. The system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: the multiple sets of thermoelectric power generation modules include one or more sets of redundant power generation modules. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control platform includes a single-chip microcomputer and its peripheral circuits, and the peripheral circuits include a reset circuit, a clock circuit, and a memory connected to the single-chip microcomputer respectively. 7. A kind of operation method based on thermoelectric power generation and modularized power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: Detect the output voltage and output current of each thermoelectric power generation module, as well as the DC bus voltage U; If the DC bus voltage U is no longer within the rated voltage range and is lower than the rated voltage lower limit U _N2 , control the battery to discharge to the DC bus so that the DC bus voltage U rises to the rated voltage range; If the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the storage battery so that the DC bus voltage U falls within the rated voltage range. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: if the DC bus voltage U is no longer within the rated voltage range and is lower than the lower limit U _N2 of the rated voltage, then the storage battery is controlled to discharge to the DC bus so that the DC bus voltage The steps for raising U to the rated voltage range include: If the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is lower than the lower limit U _N2 of the rated voltage, the connection mode between the thermoelectric power generation modules is converted from parallel to parallel, or/and the redundant power generation modules are merged into the thermoelectric power generation modules, Increase the output voltage of the thermoelectric power generation module, thereby increasing the DC bus voltage U; If the DC bus voltage U is still lower than the rated voltage lower limit U _N2 , the battery is controlled to discharge to the DC bus, so that the DC bus voltage U returns to the rated voltage range. 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: if the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , then the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the battery so that the DC bus voltage The steps to reduce U to the rated voltage range include: If the DC bus voltage U is not within the rated voltage range and is higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , remove the redundant power generation modules, or/and change the connection mode between the thermoelectric power generation modules from parallel to series to reduce the temperature difference power generation modules. output voltage, thereby reducing the DC bus voltage U; If the DC bus voltage U is still higher than the rated voltage upper limit U _N1 , the thermoelectric power generation module is controlled to charge the battery so that the DC bus voltage U returns to the rated voltage range.