CN119999385A

CN119999385A - Aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilization device

Info

Publication number: CN119999385A
Application number: CN202510496238.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王光辉; 闫崔强; 邹超亦; 张英俊; 余鑫浩; 王健君; 李俊康
Original assignee: China Agricultural University
Current assignee: China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2025-04-21
Filing date: 2025-04-21
Publication date: 2025-05-16
Anticipated expiration: 2045-04-21
Also published as: CN119999385B

Abstract

The invention relates to an aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device, which integrates the soil loosening and fertilizing dynamic state in the planting process of grassland crops, and is matched with the use of agricultural machinery, so that the working efficiency of the grassland planting is improved, and the germination rate of the crops is improved. Comprises a supporting mechanism, an aeration device and a gas and fertilizer supplying device. The supporting mechanism comprises a supporting plate, a curved guide rail and a sliding block, the aeration device comprises an air needle support and an aeration air needle, and the air supply and fertilizer supply device comprises an air pump, an air ring, a vent pipe, a fertilizer box, a fertilizer conveying pipe and a proximity switch. The device is installed in grassland agricultural machine track outside, combines aeration and fertilization process dynamically, realizes the integrated, automatic operation of loosening and fertilizing, convenient to detach, easy to operate, satisfies the large-scale production demand, effectively reduces intensity of labour, improves the operating efficiency, and the device can effectively improve peasant household scientific planting level, further improves productivity ratio.

Description

Aeration type grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of grassland agricultural machinery, in particular to innovative agricultural equipment combining soil treatment and planting operation, and relates to an aeration grassland soil loosening and fertilizing device.

Background

With the continued degradation of the grassland ecosystem, soil hardening and fertility decline have become key issues restricting sustainable development of grasslands. Under the combined action of long-term natural factors (such as drought and freeze thawing cycle) and artificial activities (such as excessive grazing and mechanical rolling), the soil structure of the grass surface layer is seriously hardened, the volume weight is obviously increased, and the soil air permeability, the water permeability and the microbial activity are obviously reduced. The permeability and organic matter content are reduced due to soil hardening, so that the root development capability and nutrient absorption efficiency of pasture are directly weakened. In addition, the problem is further aggravated by the separated operation mode of the traditional soil loosening and fertilization operation, namely that although the conventional farmland operation machines such as disc harrows, subsoilers and the like can loosen soil, the original grass layers are easily damaged by large-scale ploughing, so that water and soil loss and vegetation coverage rate are reduced, and irreversible grassland desertification can be caused particularly in an ecologically fragile area.

Although the current aeration and soil loosening technology can improve the air permeability of soil through local puncture, the technology is limited by the defect of single function and structure of equipment, and has obvious bottleneck. For example, the traditional aeration machines are designed by manual drilling or hydraulic intermittent operation, the equipment generally lacks continuous operation capability, and frequent shutdown of a cleaning tool or fertilizer replenishment is required, so that the mechanized treatment efficiency of a large-scale grassland is severely restricted. The soil loosening and fertilizing processes implemented step by step not only increase the operation cost (the fuel consumption is increased by 20% -30%), but also form secondary soil compaction due to repeated mechanical rolling, thus forming a vicious circle of 'treatment-degradation'.

Therefore, development of high-efficiency composite equipment integrating functions of loosening soil, aerating and accurately fertilizing is needed, continuous operation limitation is broken through innovative structural design, and cooperative improvement of soil physical structure and fertility is realized on the premise of minimizing turf damage, so that reliable technical support is provided for ecological restoration of degraded grasslands.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that the existing grassland improving machine is single in operation function, high in soil disturbance intensity, incapable of synchronously realizing soil loosening, aeration, precise fertilization and the like, the invention provides the aeration grassland loosening and fertilizing device, which realizes automatic soil aeration, soil loosening and fertilization through innovative structural design and functional integration, and realizes collaborative operation of soil physical structure restoration and fertility improvement.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the utility model provides an aeration formula grassland fertilizer injection unit that loosens soil, its structure mainly includes supporting mechanism, aeration equipment, air feed and supply fertile device, supporting mechanism includes backup pad, curve guide rail, slider, and curve guide rail sets up in the outer fringe of backup pad, curve guide rail includes slide rail, drive wheel, drive chain, and the slider passes through the slider pulley to be located on the slide rail and inboard and drive chain bolted connection, drive wheel and guide rail track meshing. The aeration device comprises an air needle support and an aeration air needle, wherein the air needle support is fixedly connected to the sliding block, and the aeration air needle is in threaded connection with the air needle support. The air supply and fertilizer supply device comprises an air pump, an air ring and a vent pipe, wherein the fertilizer box, a fertilizer delivery pipe, a proximity switch and a total box are positioned in the center of an agricultural machine, the air ring is arranged in the center of a supporting plate, the supporting plate is provided with holes at the bottom of the air ring and near an air inlet of the air ring, one end of the vent pipe is connected with an air outlet of the air ring, one end of the vent pipe is connected with the air inlet, one end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected with a fertilizer outlet, and one end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected with a fertilizer inlet. The two proximity switches are arranged on the part of the slide rail close to the ground.

Preferably, the sliding blocks are fixedly connected with the driving chain bolts and can be detached, and according to the aeration action range, the actual soil hardness of grasslands, the growth requirement of sowed crops and the advancing speed of agricultural machinery, a proper number of sliding blocks are selected, corresponding intervals are designed, and soil aeration is carried out according to local conditions.

Preferably, the air needle support and the air needle are in threaded connection, so that the air needle is convenient to detach and replace, the proper air needle is selected according to different soil conditions and crop requirements, and meanwhile, the air needle is detached under the condition that soil loosening is not needed in agricultural machinery transportation and the like, and normal running of an agricultural machine is not influenced.

Preferably, a curve chute is formed in the sliding block, and a support slide nail is arranged on the air needle support and penetrates through the chute to be connected with the sliding block. Through moving the support slide nail and screwing and fixing, the air needle support and the slide block can form different angles, and then the aeration air needle can enter the soil surface at different angles.

Preferably, the air pump uses electric energy provided by the motor as power, compressed air is supplied to the air ring through the air supply pipe, and meanwhile, the pressure reducing valve is additionally arranged on the air supply pipe to supply air with certain pressure to the total feed box, so that the total feed box can continuously supply fertilizer into the fertilizer box. The gas ring is connected with the geometric center of the curve guide rail through bolts and supplies gas for the aeration gas needle through a breather pipe. And a proximity switch is arranged on the part of the sliding rail close to the ground, when the sliding block passes through the front switch, the aeration valve is controlled to start aeration, and when the sliding block passes through the rear switch, the aeration valve is controlled to stop aeration. The contact part of the crawler belt and the ground is relatively static, and the aeration air needle utilizes the relatively static period to complete aeration.

Preferably, a cylinder-shaped fertilizer box is additionally arranged on the gas ring rotor at the outer side of the gas ring, and fertilizer in the box enters the fertilizer inlet through the fertilizer outlet and the fertilizer conveying pipe by self weight. The fertilizer is added into the aeration needle by using the material conveying device, and is injected into the soil together with the gas through the aeration needle, so that the looser soil is beneficial to the entry and penetration of the fertilizer, thereby being more beneficial to the growth of crops and simplifying the fertilization process to a certain extent.

According to the grassland aeration and soil loosening device, the supporting plate is arranged on the outer side of the crawler belt of the grassland seeder, and the rotation speed of the crawler belt of the seeder is synchronized through the driving shaft, so that soil loosening and fertilization in the advancing process of the seeder are realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. Through the combination of the chains, the guide rails and the aeration air needles, dynamic aeration soil loosening and fertilization in the advancing process of the agricultural machinery are realized while the fertilization interval is ensured.

2. The air needle is replaceable through the threaded connection design of the air needle and the air needle support, and the diversity of the air needle penetration angle is realized through the design of the sliding groove so as to adapt to the soil conditions of different areas.

3. The invention provides a method for combining aeration soil loosening and fertilization, which realizes the integration of soil loosening and fertilization in the advancing process of an agricultural machine, is more beneficial to the penetration of fertilizers into soil, and reduces the labor pressure to a certain extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the outer side structure of a grassland aeration and ripping device of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a supporting mechanism;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of an aeration device;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gas and fertilizer supply device;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of an aeration air needle;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the overall equipment structure of the tractor;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the air pump and overall tank structure;

wherein the reference numerals of the drawings are as follows:

1. A support mechanism;

101. Support plate, 102, curve guide rail, 1021, slide rail, 1022, driving wheel, 1023, driving chain, 103, slide block, 1031, slide block pulley, 1032 and slide groove;

2. An aeration device;

201. Air needle support, 2011, support slide nail, 202, aeration air needle, 2021, air inlet, 2022, fertilizer inlet, 2023, aeration port, 2024 and aeration valve;

3. a gas supply and fertilizer supply device;

301. Air pump 302, air ring 3021, air ring air inlet 3022, air ring stator 3023, air ring rotor 3024, air ring air outlet 303, air pipe 304, fertilizer box 3041, fertilizer outlet 305, fertilizer pipe 306, proximity switch 3061, front switch 3062, rear switch 307, total box.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples:

Example 1:

Referring to the attached drawings, the structure of the aeration grassland soil loosening and fertilizer applying device mainly comprises a supporting mechanism 1, wherein the supporting mechanism is provided with an aeration device 2 and a gas supply and fertilizer supply device 3;

The supporting mechanism 1 comprises a supporting plate 101, a curved guide rail 102 and a sliding block 103, the curved guide rail 102 comprises a sliding rail 1021, a driving wheel 1022 and a driving chain 1023, the driving wheel 1022 is meshed with the driving chain 1023, the sliding block 103 comprises a sliding block pulley 1031 and a sliding groove 1032, the sliding block 103 is fixedly connected with the driving chain 1023, the sliding rail 1021 passes through the centers of the four sliding block pulleys 1031, and the sliding block 103 can move on the sliding rail 1021 through the driving of the driving chain 1023. The supporting plate 101 is welded with the curved guide rail 102 and plays a role in supporting the air supply and fertilizer supply device 3. The driving wheels 1022 are driven by the agricultural machinery crawler drive shaft, and the control rotation speed is the same as that of the agricultural machinery crawler drive shaft. The slide 103 serves to carry the aeration device 2.

The aeration device 2 mainly comprises an air needle support 201 and an aeration air needle 202. The air needle support 201 is provided with a support slide nail 2011, the air needle support 201 and the sliding block 103 are fixed in a rotating mode, the support slide nail 2011 penetrates through the sliding block 103 through the sliding groove 1032, and the support slide nail 2011 can rotate in the sliding groove 1032 and can be screwed and fixed. The aeration air needle 202 comprises an air inlet 2021, a fertilizer inlet 2022, an aeration port 2023 and an aeration valve 2024, wherein the fertilizer inlet 2022 is arranged on one side of the air inlet 2021, which is close to the aeration port 2023, the aeration port 2023 is arranged at the tip end of the aeration air needle 202, and the aeration valve 2024 is arranged between the fertilizer inlet 2022 and the aeration port 2023.

The air supply and fertilizer supply device 3 is positioned on the supporting mechanism 1 and mainly comprises an air pump 301, an air ring 302, a vent pipe 303, a fertilizer box 304, a fertilizer conveying pipe 305, a proximity switch 306 and a total box 307. The air ring 302 includes an air ring inlet 3021, an air ring stator 3022, an air ring rotor 3023, and an air ring outlet 3024, the air ring inlet 3021 is located on the air ring stator 3022 and connected to the air pump 301, and the air ring outlet 3023 is provided on the air ring rotor 3022. One end of the vent pipe 303 is connected with a gas ring outlet 3023, one end is connected to an air inlet 2021. The fertilizer box 304 includes a fertilizer outlet 3041, the fertilizer box 304 is fixedly connected to the gas ring rotor 3023, and rotates along with the gas ring rotor 3023, and the fertilizer outlet 3041 is disposed on the fertilizer box 304. The fertilizer tank 304 rotates following the gas ring rotor 3023. One end of the fertilizer delivery pipe 305 is connected with the fertilizer outlet 3041, and the other end is connected with the fertilizer inlet 2022. The air ring rotor 3023 is driven to rotate by the air pipe 303 with higher strength, so that the drum-shaped fertilizer box 304 is driven to rotate, and the rotating speed of the air ring rotor 3023 is matched with that of the sliding block 103. The proximity switch 306 is composed of a front switch 3061 and a rear switch 3062. The proximity switch 306 controls the aeration valve 2024 to switch, and when the slider 103 moves to the front switch 3061, the aeration valve 2024 is opened to start aeration, and when the slider moves to the rear switch 3062, the aeration valve 2024 is closed to end aeration. The air pump 301 and the total tank 307 are positioned in the center of the agricultural machinery, the air pump 301 is connected with an agricultural machinery generator, the engine supplies power to generate gas to be supplied to the gas ring 302, and meanwhile, the breather pipe is provided with a pressure reducing valve to supply proper air pressure to the total tank 307, so that fertilizer in the total tank 307 can continuously pass through the gas ring 302 with hollow inside to reach the fertilizer tank 304.

The working process comprises the following steps:

When the device is used with the attached drawing, the tractor is driven to reach a designated area, and the device is provided.

Firstly, surveying regional soil, knowing the hardness and fertility of the soil, selecting proper types of aeration air needles 202 according to the growth requirements of sown crops, selecting proper numbers of aeration air needles 202, namely the number of sliders 103 and the distance between the air needles, namely the sliders, according to the requirements, fixing the air needle penetration angle by moving and screwing support slide nails 2011, and connecting a ventilation pipe 303 and a fertilizer delivery pipe 305.

Then, the tractor is started to advance, the motor is started to supply power to the air pump 301, the air pump 301 supplies high-pressure air to the air ring 302, and meanwhile, certain air pressure is supplied to the total feed box 307 through the pressure reducing valve, so that fertilizer can be continuously input into the fertilizer box 304. When the tractor advances, the crawler drive shaft simultaneously drives the driving wheels 1022 in the device to rotate, so as to drive the driving chain 1023 meshed with the driving wheels 1022 to rotate, and further drive the sliding block 103 connected with the driving chain 1023 in a bolt mode to move. An air needle support 201 is fixed on the sliding block 103, an aeration air needle 202 is fixed on the air needle support 201, and an air inlet 2021 and a fertilizer inlet 2022 on the aeration air needle 202 are respectively connected to the air ring rotor 3023 and the fertilizer box rotor 304 through an air pipe 303 and a fertilizer conveying pipe 305. As the drive wheel 1022 rotates, the gas ring rotor 3023 and the fertilizer box rotor 304 passively rotate. When the slider 103 rotates below the fertilizer box 304, that is, when the aeration air needle 202 is inserted into the ground, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 304 is gravity-influenced from the fertilizer outlet 3041 through the fertilizer pipe 305 into the fertilizer inlet 2022. Meanwhile, when the slide block 103 passes through the front switch 3061, namely the aeration air needle 202 is inserted into the soil, the aeration valve 2024 is opened, high-pressure air enters the air inlet 2021 from the air ring air outlet 3024 through the air pipe 303, and the fertilizer entering from the fertilizer inlet 2022 below the air inlet 2021 is driven to be discharged through the aeration opening 2023 together, so that the high-pressure air and the fertilizer enter the soil together, and the aeration process is completed. When the slider 103 passes the rear switch 3062, i.e. the aeration air needle 202 is about to leave the soil, the aeration valve 2024 is closed and the aeration needle stops aeration, while the fertilizer is affected by gravity and no longer enters the fertilizer delivery tube. The aeration valve 2024 is kept closed all the time after which gas no longer enters the aeration gas needle 202 and fertilizer under the influence of gravity no longer enters the fertilizer delivery tube 305. Until the slider 103 passes the front switch 3061 again, aeration is started again, completing the dynamic cycle.

The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an aeration type grassland loosening and fertilizing device, which is characterized in that, including supporting mechanism (1), aeration equipment (2), air feed and fertilizer supply device (3), supporting mechanism (1) includes backup pad (101), curve guide rail (102), slider (103), and the rectangle that backup pad (101) outer fringe is located to curve guide rail (102), curve guide rail (102) include slide rail (1021), drive wheel (1022), drive chain (1023), drive wheel (1022) and drive chain (1023) meshing, slider (103) include slider pulley (1031), spout (1032), slider (103) are located slide rail (1021) and bottom and drive chain (1023) bolt fastening, and four slider pulleys (1031) are the rectangle distribution, fixed connection is in slider (103) bottom, and slide rail (1021) cross the rectangle that slider pulley (1031) constitutes, and spout (1032) are the curve and locate on slider (103), aeration equipment (2) include air needle support (201), aeration needle support (201) are located on slider (103), air needle support (202) are connected with air needle support (201) screw thread, the support slide pin (2011) passes through the chute (1032).

2. The aeration grassland loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply and fertilizer supply device (3) comprises an air pump (301), an air ring (302), a vent pipe (303), a fertilizer box (304), a fertilizer delivery pipe (305) and a proximity switch (306), the air ring (302) is in a cylinder shape, and comprises an air ring air inlet (3021), an air ring stator (3022), an air ring rotor (3023) and an air ring air outlet (3024), the air ring air inlet (3021) is arranged on the side surface of the air ring stator (3022) and is connected with the air pump (301), the air ring air outlet (3024) is arranged on the side surface of the air ring rotor (3023), the fertilizer box (304) is in a cylinder shape and comprises a fertilizer outlet (3041), the fertilizer outlet (3041) is arranged on the side surface of the fertilizer box (304), one end of the vent pipe (303) is connected with the air ring air outlet (3024), one end of the air ring is connected with the air inlet (2021), one end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is connected with the fertilizer outlet (1021), one end of the air inlet (2022), the proximity switch (306) comprises a front switch (3061) and a rear switch (3062) and the proximity switch (306) is located on a part close to the ground.

3. The aeration grassland loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that said aeration air needle (202) comprises an air inlet (2021), a fertilizer inlet (2022), an aeration inlet (2023), and an aeration valve (2024), said fertilizer inlet (2022) and air inlet (2021) are arranged on the side of the aeration air needle (202) and the former is closer to the aeration inlet (2023) than the latter, and the aeration valve (2024) is provided on the air inlet (2021).

4. The aeration grassland loosening and fertilizing device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the air and fertilizer supplying device (3) is located at the center of the supporting plate (101), and when the driving wheel (1022) rotates, the driving chain (1023) meshed with the air and fertilizer supplying device is driven to rotate, so as to drive the sliding block (103) to rotate, so as to drive the aeration air needle (202) to rotate, and further drive the air ring rotor (3023) and the fertilizer box (304) connected with the aeration air needle through the air pipe (303) and the fertilizer conveying pipe (305) respectively.

5. The aeration grassland loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the supporting plate (101) is vertically hung outside the agricultural machine crawler belt through the agricultural machine main shaft and symmetrically arranged, the aeration device (2) is arranged inside the agricultural machine relative to the air and fertilizer supplying device (3), and symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the agricultural machine, and a detachable protective shell is arranged outside the supporting plate (101).

6. An aerated grassland loosening and fertilizing device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the air needle support (201) is rotationally fixed with the slider (103), the support slide (2011) passes through the chute (1032) and can be tightness-adjusted, and the angle of the air needle (202) entering the soil can be changed.

7. An aerated grassland loosening and fertilizing device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the aeration air needle (202) and the air needle support (201) are connected by screw threads, so that the aeration air needle (202) can be conveniently and quickly disassembled, and the type of the aeration air needle (202) can be adjusted according to the requirement, and the aeration air needle (202) can be disassembled so as to facilitate the transportation of agricultural machinery.

8. The aeration grassland loosening and fertilizing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the proximity switch (306) is mounted at a portion of the slide rail (1021) close to the soil, the front switch (3061) is spaced apart from the rear switch (3062) by a certain distance, and the switch of the aeration valve (2024) is controlled, when the slider (103) is rotated to the front switch (3061), i.e. the aeration needle (202) on the slider (103) is inserted into the soil, the aeration valve (2024) is opened, gas enters the aeration needle (202) to start aeration, and when the slider (103) is rotated to the rear switch (3062), i.e. the aeration needle (202) on the slider (103) is moved away from the soil, the aeration valve (2024) is closed, gas no longer enters the aeration needle (202), and aeration is ended.