CN119703303A - Welding method for connecting molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy dissimilar materials - Google Patents
Welding method for connecting molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy dissimilar materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请的实施例涉及电子束焊接技术领域，具体涉及一种用于钼合金与铌合金异种材料连接的焊接方法，其包括：S1、准备钼合金试验样品和铌合金试验样品，采用电子束焊接工艺以第一偏束量对钼合金试验样品和铌合金试验样品进行偏束焊接，得到焊接试验样品；S2、确定焊接试验样品的钼合金侧熔合线，并确定钼合金试验样品的对接面与焊接试验样品的钼合金侧熔合线之间的夹角；S3、根据该夹角、第一偏束量以及钼合金试验样品的厚度，确定采用电子束焊接工艺对钼合金实际样品和铌合金实际样品进行偏束焊接的实际焊接参数；S4、根据实际焊接参数，对钼合金实际样品和铌合金实际样品进行焊接。本申请的实施例提供的焊接方法有利于提高焊接质量。
The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of electron beam welding, and specifically to a welding method for connecting dissimilar materials of molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy, which comprises: S1, preparing a molybdenum alloy test sample and a niobium alloy test sample, and using an electron beam welding process to perform bias beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample and the niobium alloy test sample with a first bias beam amount to obtain a welding test sample; S2, determining the fusion line on the molybdenum alloy side of the welding test sample, and determining the angle between the butt surface of the molybdenum alloy test sample and the fusion line on the molybdenum alloy side of the welding test sample; S3, according to the angle, the first bias beam amount and the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample, determining the actual welding parameters for bias beam welding of the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample using the electron beam welding process; S4, according to the actual welding parameters, welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample. The welding method provided by the embodiments of the present application is conducive to improving welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, in particular to a welding method for connecting molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy dissimilar materials.
Background
This section is merely provided for background information related to the present application and does not necessarily constitute prior art.
Molybdenum alloys and niobium alloys are widely used in the fields of nuclear industry, aerospace, chemical metallurgy, electronics industry and the like as refractory alloys because of good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. In the course of application of molybdenum alloys and niobium alloys to the above fields, in some cases, it is necessary to weld the molybdenum alloys and the niobium alloys.
Electron beam welding has the advantages of high power density, high depth-to-width ratio, high penetrating power and the like, is commonly used for welding refractory metals and dissimilar alloys, but in dissimilar material fusion welding of molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy, the welding process still has defects, so that the welding quality is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the application in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the application. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the application. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the application or to delineate the scope of the application. Its purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
Aiming at the technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides a welding method for connecting molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy dissimilar materials.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the application provides a welding method for connecting a molybdenum alloy and a niobium alloy dissimilar material, which comprises the steps of S1 preparing a molybdenum alloy test sample and a niobium alloy test sample, performing partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample and the niobium alloy test sample by adopting an electron beam welding process to obtain a welding test sample, wherein in the partial beam welding, the partial beam quantity of an electron beam deviated from a butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy test sample is a first partial beam quantity, S2, determining a molybdenum alloy side welding line of the welding test sample, and determining an included angle between the butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy test sample and the molybdenum alloy side welding line of the welding test sample as a first angle, S3, determining actual welding parameters of partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample by adopting the electron beam welding process according to the first angle, the first partial beam quantity and the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample, and S4, and welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample according to the actual welding parameters.
According to the welding method for connecting the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials, provided by the embodiment of the application, according to the first angle, the first partial beam quantity and the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample, the actual welding parameters of partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample by adopting an electron beam welding process are determined, so that the melting quantity of the molybdenum alloy is reduced, the generation of brittle oxides in a welding line metallurgical reaction is reduced, the formation of air holes in a welding line area 40 is reduced, the welding quality of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials is improved, and the plasticity and toughness of a welded joint are improved.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the application provides a welding method for connecting a molybdenum alloy and a niobium alloy dissimilar material, which comprises the steps of S10 preparing a molybdenum alloy test sample and a niobium alloy test sample, performing partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample and the niobium alloy test sample by adopting an electron beam welding process, S20 determining an angle of inclination of an electron beam relative to the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample and a second partial beam amount of the electron beam deviating from a butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy actual sample when the partial beam welding is performed on the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample by adopting the electron beam welding process according to the result of the partial beam welding in the S10 step, and S30 welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample according to the angle and the second partial beam amount determined in the S20 step.
These and other advantages of the present application will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the application, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
To further clarify the above and other advantages and features of the present application, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The accompanying drawings are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, along with the detailed description that follows. Elements having the same function and structure are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical examples of the application and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a partial beam weld of a molybdenum alloy test sample with a niobium alloy test sample in accordance with one embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of partial beam welding of a molybdenum alloy actual sample with a niobium alloy actual sample, in accordance with an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the weld formed by welding the actual sample of molybdenum alloy of FIG. 2 with the actual sample of niobium alloy;
FIG. 4 is a weld cross-sectional metallographic photograph of a weld test specimen obtained according to the welding method shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a metallographic photograph of a weld cross section of a welded actual sample obtained according to the welding method shown in fig. 2.
It should be noted that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, but are merely shown in a schematic manner that does not affect the reader's understanding.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10. a molybdenum alloy test sample, an 11, molybdenum alloy actual sample;
20. The sample comprises a niobium alloy test sample, a 21, niobium alloy actual sample;
30. an electron beam;
40. Weld joint area 41, butt joint surface 42, molybdenum alloy side welding line;
50. A backing plate;
h1, first beam deflection quantity, h2, second beam deflection quantity, d, thickness and y, electron beam direction.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the interest of clarity and conciseness, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-and business-related constraints, and that these constraints will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
It should be noted here that, in order to avoid obscuring the present application due to unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present application are shown in the drawings, while other details not greatly related to the present application are omitted.
It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used herein should be taken in a general sense as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The inventors of the present application found that molybdenum alloys and niobium alloys as refractory alloys have large differences in physical properties such as melting point, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, etc., and that direct welding of the two tends to produce large welding stress, increasing the tendency of joint cracking. In addition, molybdenum alloys are easily oxidized at high temperatures to form oxides such as MoO 3 with low boiling point, which are prone to form air hole defects, and react with impurity elements (O, N, C, etc.) to form brittle phases, resulting in reduced weld joint toughness.
For the dissimilar metal fusion welding of the molybdenum alloy/niobium alloy, reducing the fusion amount of the molybdenum alloy is beneficial to reducing welding stress, controlling weld pore defects and improving joint toughness. When the electron beam is used for welding the dissimilar materials of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy, a bias beam welding method can be adopted to adjust the fusion ratio of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy parent metal.
The inventors of the present application found that the mere use of the partial beam welding method to adjust the fusion ratio of the molybdenum alloy/niobium alloy still has some problems, such as inability to completely control the melting of the molybdenum alloy and the disadvantage of greater brittleness of the welded joint.
Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides a welding method for connecting a molybdenum alloy and a niobium alloy dissimilar material. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of performing partial beam welding on a molybdenum alloy test sample and a niobium alloy test sample according to one embodiment of the present application, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of performing partial beam welding on a molybdenum alloy actual sample and a niobium alloy actual sample according to one embodiment of the present application, the welding method provided by the embodiment of the present application may include S1 preparing a molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and a niobium alloy test sample 20, performing partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20 using an electron beam welding process to obtain a welding test sample, in which a partial beam amount of an electron beam 30 deviated from a abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 is a first partial beam amount h1, S2 determining a molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 of the welding test sample, and determining an included angle between the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 of the welding test sample is a first angle β, S3 determining a welding parameter of performing partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 using the electron beam welding process according to the first angle β, the first partial beam amount h1 and the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, and performing actual beam welding parameters of the actual welding of the molybdenum alloy sample 11 and the actual sample 11 according to the actual beam welding process.
According to the welding method for connecting the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials, provided by the embodiment of the application, according to the first angle beta, the first beam deflection h1 and the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, the actual welding parameters of the beam deflection welding of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 by adopting an electron beam welding process are determined, so that the melting amount of the molybdenum alloy is reduced, the generation of brittle oxides in a welding line metallurgical reaction is reduced, and the formation of air holes in a welding line area 40 is reduced, thereby being beneficial to improving the welding quality of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials and improving the plasticity and toughness of a welding joint.
In some embodiments, the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, the niobium alloy test sample 20, the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11, and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are all plate-shaped samples, and the thickness d of the plate-shaped samples is 2-3 mm. It will be readily appreciated that since molybdenum and niobium are refractory metals, thicker samples are difficult to penetrate by the electron beam 30 during welding. Thus, a thinner plate sample of 2 to 3mm was used in this example. Such a thickness facilitates penetration of the electron beam 30 through the sample, enabling rapid heat transfer to the weld region 40, while facilitating reduction of porosity and cracking of the weld.
The thicknesses of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, the niobium alloy test sample 20, the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11, and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are all the same.
In some embodiments, the molybdenum alloy may have a molybdenum content of 100%, i.e., metallic molybdenum.
In some embodiments, the niobium content of the niobium alloy may be 100%, i.e., metallic niobium.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the abutting surfaces 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20 to be welded may be mechanically polished, respectively, before welding, and cleaned to obtain clean molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and niobium alloy test sample 20.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20 may be fixed using a jig, the abutting surfaces 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20 may be abutted so as to perform off-beam welding, and the surfaces of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20 may be restrained using the jig, preventing buckling deformation from occurring during welding.
In some embodiments, in step S1, molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and niobium alloy test sample 20 may be secured to backing plate 50, thereby facilitating improved stability during welding.
In some embodiments, backing plate 50 may be made of metallic molybdenum or metallic niobium, which may be advantageous to reduce stress and deformation caused by differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the different materials during the welding process.
The welding actual sample was obtained after welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the actual welding parameters may include an angle at which the electron beam 30 is tilted with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21, and a second deflection h2 of the electron beam 30 away from the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11. The inventors of the present application found that increasing the deflection amount of the electron beam 30 from the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy sample is advantageous in reducing the melting amount of the molybdenum alloy, but there may be a case where the bottom end of the abutting surface of the molybdenum alloy sample in the welded actual sample is not melted. In the embodiment of the application, the electron beam 30 is inclined at a preset angle relative to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21, and the electron beam welding process is still adopted to perform partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21, so that the welding process is beneficial to reducing the melting amount of the molybdenum alloy, and meanwhile, is beneficial to completely fusing the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy, and avoids the phenomenon of unfused bottom of the welding seam area 40.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the actual welding parameters may also include vacuum, acceleration voltage, focus current, welding beam current, welding speed. These welding parameters may be the same as those of the partial beam welding of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20 using the electron beam welding process in step S1.
In some embodiments, the vacuum degree may be 10 -3～10-1 Pa, the acceleration voltage may be 50 kV-70 kV, the focusing current may be 680-700 mA, the welding beam current may be 25-45 mA, and the welding speed may be 500-1000 mm/min.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the electron beam 30 is tilted at the same angle as the first angle β with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21. The inventors of the present application found that the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 of the welding test sample is substantially straight, so that when the inclination angle of the electron beam 30 or the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 is made the same as the first angle β, the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 is substantially coincident with the butt surface 41, so that by adjusting the second deflection amount h2, the amount of the molybdenum alloy melted can be reduced, and at the same time, the uniform fusion of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy is facilitated, the fusion ratio of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy is effectively adjusted, and the welding quality of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy is improved.
In some embodiments, the tilt angles of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 may be adjusted in order to achieve the above-described tilt angles of the electron beam 30 with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 when welding with a gun-type electron beam welding apparatus.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the abutting surfaces 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 to be welded may be mechanically polished, and cleaned to obtain clean molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and niobium alloy actual sample 21.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 may be fixed by using a clamp, so that the abutting surfaces 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 abut against each other to facilitate the beam welding, the upper surfaces of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 may be restrained by using the clamp to prevent buckling deformation during the welding process, and after the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are loaded on the clamp, the inclination angles of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 may be adjusted so that the inclination angles of the electron beam 30 with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are the same as the first angle β.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the actual samples of molybdenum alloy 11 and niobium alloy 21 may be secured to backing plate 50, thereby facilitating improved stability during welding.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a weld formed by welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample shown in fig. 2, wherein an end point a1 and an end point a2 correspond to a lower end point and an upper end point of the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11, y in the drawing indicates the direction of the electron beam 30, y1 is a foot of a perpendicular line perpendicular to the direction y of the electron beam 30 through the end point a1, and y2 is a foot of a perpendicular line perpendicular to the direction y of the electron beam 30 through the end point a 2. The connecting end point a1, the end point a2, the drop foot y2 and the drop foot y1 form a right trapezoid. The connecting line between the end point a1 and the drop foot y1 is the first deflection h1, the connecting line between the end point a2 and the drop foot y2 is the second deflection h2, the connecting line length between the end points a1 and a2 is the thickness d of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, and the included angle between the connecting line between the end points a1 and a2 and the y direction is the inclination angle alpha of the electron beam 30 relative to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21.
It can be seen that in step S3, the second deflection amount h2 of the electron beam 30 from the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 can be determined by the following expression:
h2=h1+d×sinα。
Where h2 is the second partial beam quantity, h1 is the first partial beam quantity, d is the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, and α is the angle at which the electron beam 30 is tilted with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21. Since the value of α is equal to the first angle β, the second deflection h2 of the electron beam 30 at the time of actual welding can be determined according to the thickness d of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, the first deflection h1, and the first angle β. By the method, the deflection of the electron beam 30 can be adjusted to the maximum deflection, so that the melting amount of the molybdenum alloy is further reduced, meanwhile, the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy are ensured to be completely fused, the phenomenon that the bottom of the welding line area 40 is not fused is avoided, and the quality of a welding joint of the dissimilar materials of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy is improved.
In some embodiments, in the step S3, the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are set to be inclined at a first angle beta relative to the electron beam 30, and the distance of the electron beam 30 from the upper end of the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 is adjusted to a second deflection amount h2. In such an embodiment, the distance from the end point a1 to the drop foot y1 is the first deflection amount h1, the distance from the end point a2 to the drop foot y2 is the second deflection amount h2, the distance from the end point a1 to the end point a2 is the thickness d of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11, and the angle between the abutting surface 41 and the molybdenum alloy side welding line 42 is the first angle β, so that the second deflection amount h2 can be calculated according to the expression h2=h1+d×sin α.
In some embodiments, in the step S1, a plurality of groups of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20 are prepared, each group of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20 are subjected to partial beam welding by adopting an electron beam welding process to obtain a plurality of groups of welding test samples, wherein the partial beam amounts of the electron beams 30 deviating from the butt joint surfaces 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 are different in different groups of partial beam welding, and the first partial beam amount h1 is determined according to the welding quality of the plurality of groups of welding test samples. The first deflection amount h1 can be determined based on the welding quality, and an optimized parameter basis is provided for the subsequent determination of the second deflection amount h2, so that the welding quality of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy is improved.
In some embodiments, in step S1, the beam deflection amount may be adjusted from 0 to 0.9mm for different sets of beam deflection welds.
In some embodiments, the weld quality includes a microstructure at a weld of the weld test specimen and a mechanical property of the weld test specimen. In such embodiments, the weld may be observed for crystalline phases, pores, and microcracks using an optical microscope, and the tensile strength of the weld test sample may be tested using a force tester. If the welding microstructure has compact crystal phase structure, less air holes and microcracks and higher tensile strength, the welding quality is better, and if the crystal phase structure is loose, the air holes and microcracks have more and lower tensile strength, the welding quality is not good.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 of the welding test sample may be determined from a weld cross-sectional metallographic photograph of the welding test sample.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a metallographic view of a weld cross section of a welding test sample obtained according to the welding method shown in fig. 1, and fig. 5 is a metallographic view of a weld cross section of a welding actual sample obtained according to the welding method shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the cross section of the weld joint between the molybdenum alloy sample and the niobium alloy sample is bowl-shaped, the molybdenum alloy side welding line 42 is close to a straight line, and an included angle of a first angle beta exists between the molybdenum alloy side welding line 42 and the abutting surface 41. Referring to fig. 5, after the electron beam 30 is inclined at the first angle β with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21, and the amount of deflection is determined according to the above expression, the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 can be made to substantially coincide with the abutting surface 41, thereby contributing to a reduction in the amount of melting of the molybdenum alloy.
In some embodiments, in the step S3, when the electron beam welding process is adopted to perform partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21, the value range of the second partial beam quantity h2 can be that h1< h2 is less than or equal to h1+d×sin alpha, so that the melting quantity of the molybdenum alloy can be adjusted by selecting different second partial beam quantities h 2.
The embodiment of the application also provides a welding method for connecting the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials, which comprises the steps of S10 preparing a molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and a niobium alloy test sample 20, performing partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20 by adopting an electron beam welding process, S20 determining an inclined angle of an electron beam 30 relative to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 and a second partial beam h2 of the electron beam 30 deviating from a butt joint surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 when performing partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 by adopting the electron beam welding process according to the result of the partial beam welding in the S10 step, and S30 welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 according to the angle and the second partial beam h2 determined in the S20 step.
According to the welding method for connecting the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials, the inclination angle and the second partial beam quantity h2 in actual welding are determined according to the partial beam welding test result, so that the melting quantity of the molybdenum alloy is reduced, the generation of brittle oxides in the welding line metallurgical reaction is reduced, and the formation of air holes in the welding line area 40 is reduced, the welding quality of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials is improved, and the plasticity and toughness of a welding joint are improved.
According to the embodiment of the application, through inclined deflection welding and reasonable welding process parameters, the electron beam welding joint with high strength and good plasticity is obtained.
In some embodiments, the step S10 may include preparing a plurality of groups of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20, S102, performing partial beam welding on each group of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20 by using an electron beam welding process to obtain a plurality of groups of welding test samples, wherein the partial beam amounts of the electron beam 30 deviated from the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 are different in different groups of partial beam welding, and S103, determining the optimal partial beam amount h1 of the electron beam 30 deviated from the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 in the partial beam welding according to the welding quality of the plurality of groups of welding test samples. In this embodiment, by preparing multiple groups of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20 and performing bias beam welding with different bias beam amounts on each group of samples, the influence of the different bias beam amounts on welding quality can be evaluated, which is helpful for determining the optimal bias beam amount h1 of the electron beam 30 deviating from the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 in the bias beam welding, and provides optimized welding parameters for the welding of subsequent actual samples, thereby being beneficial for improving the welding quality.
In some embodiments, the step S20 may include determining a molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 of a welding test sample obtained by performing the partial beam welding using the optimal partial beam quantity h1, and determining an angle between a butt surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 of the welding test sample as a first angle beta, and determining an angle alpha of inclination of the electron beam 30 with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 and a second partial beam quantity h2 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 according to the first angle beta, the optimal partial beam quantity h1, and a thickness d of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 by using the electron beam welding process S201. In such an embodiment, the angle α of the inclination of the electron beam 30 with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 and the second deflection amount h2 when the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are subjected to the deflection welding are determined by the above method, which is beneficial to reducing the melting amount of the molybdenum alloy in the actual welding and reducing the generation of brittle oxides in the weld metallurgical reaction, thereby being beneficial to improving the welding quality of the dissimilar materials of the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy and improving the toughness of the welded joint.
The welding method for joining the molybdenum alloy and the niobium alloy dissimilar materials in the embodiment of the present application is further described below with reference to specific examples.
(1) Preparation of molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and niobium alloy test sample 20
Preparing three groups of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20, wherein each group of samples is plate-shaped, the thickness d is 2mm, mechanically polishing the butt joint surfaces 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and the niobium alloy test samples 20 by using sand paper to ensure that the butt joint surfaces 41 are smooth, cleaning the polished molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and the niobium alloy test samples 20 by using ethanol to remove greasy dirt and impurities to obtain clean molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20, fixing the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and the niobium alloy test samples 20 by using a clamp to enable the butt joint surfaces 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and the niobium alloy test samples 20 to butt joint, ensuring that the butt joint surfaces 41 are tightly attached without gaps, fixing the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and the niobium alloy test samples 20 on a base plate 50, wherein the base plate 50 is made of metal niobium, the thickness of the base plate 50 is 2mm, and adjusting the clamp to restrict the upper surfaces of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and the niobium alloy test samples 20 to prevent buckling deformation in the welding process.
(2) Performing a partial beam welding test on the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the niobium alloy test sample 20
Placing three groups of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20 in an electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing to 3X 10 -2 Pa, setting parameters of electron beam welding, namely accelerating voltage of 60kV, focusing current of 691mA, welding beam current of 36mA, welding speed of 600mm/min, performing partial beam welding on the first group of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20, setting the partial beam amount of the electron beam 30 deviating from the butt joint surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 to be 0.2mm, performing partial beam welding on the second group of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20, setting the partial beam amount of the electron beam 30 deviating from the butt joint surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 to be 0.4mm, performing partial beam welding on the third group of molybdenum alloy test samples 10 and niobium alloy test samples 20, setting the partial beam amount of the electron beam 30 deviating from the butt joint surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test samples 10 to be 0.8mm, and taking out the welding test samples after cooling for 15 minutes along with a furnace.
(3) Evaluation of quality of weld test samples
The method comprises the steps of observing the conditions of crystal phase, air hole and micro crack of each group of welding test samples by using an optical microscope, testing the tensile strength of each group of welding test samples by using a mechanical testing machine, comprehensively evaluating the welding quality, and when the deflection beam quantity is 0.4mm, ensuring that the crystal phase structure in the microstructure of the welding seam is compact, the number of the air holes and the micro crack is small, the tensile strength is high, and the welding quality is optimal.
(4) Observing a metallographic photograph of a welding seam cross section of a welding test sample
The weld cross-sectional metallographic photograph of the welding test sample having a deflection of 0.4mm was observed using an optical microscope, the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 was determined, and the first angle β between the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 and the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 was measured to be 8 °.
(5) Calculating a second deflection h2
According to the expression h2=h1+d×sin α, a second deflection h2 is calculated, where h1 is the first deflection (0.4 mm), d is the thickness (2 mm) of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10, α is the same as the first angle β (8 °), and the second deflection h2=0.4 mm+2mm×sin8 ° ≡0.68mm is calculated.
(6) Preparation of molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and niobium alloy actual sample 21
The molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are plate-shaped, the thickness d is 2mm, the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 is mechanically polished by sand paper to ensure that the abutting surface 41 is smooth, the polished molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the polished niobium alloy actual sample 21 are cleaned by ethanol to remove greasy dirt and impurities, a clean molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and a clean niobium alloy actual sample 21 are obtained, the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are fixed by a clamp, the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 is abutted to ensure that the abutting surface 41 is tightly abutted without gaps, the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 are fixed on a backing plate 50, the backing plate 50 is made of metal niobium, the thickness d of the backing plate 50 is 2mm, and the clamp is adjusted to restrict the upper surfaces of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 so as to prevent buckling deformation in the welding process.
(7) Partial beam welding test of molybdenum alloy practical sample 11 and niobium alloy practical sample 21
Placing the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 in an electron beam welding machine, vacuumizing to 3X 10 - 2 Pa, setting parameters of electron beam welding, namely accelerating voltage of 60kV, focusing current of 691mA, welding beam current of 36mA, welding speed of 600mm/min, adjusting the inclination angles of the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21 to be 8 degrees with the horizontal plane, setting the second deflection h2 of the electron beam 30 deviating from the butt joint surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10 to be 0.68mm, performing deflection welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample 11 and the niobium alloy actual sample 21, and taking out the welded actual sample after cooling for 15 minutes along with a furnace.
(8) Observing the metallographic photograph of the cross section of the welding seam of the welding actual sample
The metallographic photograph was observed using an optical microscope, and the molybdenum alloy side weld line 42 was substantially coincident with the abutting surface 41 of the molybdenum alloy test sample 10.
It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the features of the embodiments of the present application and the features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments without conflict.
The above description is only specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present application shall be defined by the claims.
Claims (12)
1. A welding method for joining dissimilar materials of molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy, comprising:
S1, preparing a molybdenum alloy test sample and a niobium alloy test sample, and performing offset beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample and the niobium alloy test sample by adopting an electron beam welding process to obtain a welding test sample, wherein in the offset beam welding, the offset beam quantity of an electron beam deviated from a butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy test sample is a first offset beam quantity;
s2, determining a molybdenum alloy side fusion line of the welding test sample, and determining an included angle between a butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy test sample and the molybdenum alloy side fusion line of the welding test sample as a first angle;
S3, determining actual welding parameters of performing offset beam welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample by adopting an electron beam welding process according to the first angle, the first offset beam quantity and the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample;
And S4, welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample according to the actual welding parameters.
2. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the actual welding parameters include an angle at which the electron beam is inclined with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample, and a second deflection amount by which the electron beam is deflected from a butt surface of the molybdenum alloy actual sample.
3. The welding method according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the electron beam is tilted at the same angle as the first angle with respect to the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample.
4. The welding method according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, a second deflection amount of the electron beam from the abutting surface of the molybdenum alloy actual sample is determined by the following expression:
h2=h1+d×sinα;
Wherein h2 is the second deflection amount, h1 is the first deflection amount, d is the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample, and alpha is the inclination angle of the electron beam relative to the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample.
5. The welding method according to claim 2, wherein, in step S3,
Disposing the actual sample of molybdenum alloy and the actual sample of niobium alloy at the first angle with respect to the electron beam;
And adjusting the distance between the electron beam and the upper end of the abutting surface of the molybdenum alloy actual sample to be the second deflection amount.
6. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein, in step S1,
Adopting an electron beam welding process to carry out offset beam welding on each group of molybdenum alloy test samples and niobium alloy test samples to obtain a plurality of groups of welding test samples, wherein the offset beam amounts of the electron beams deviating from the butt joint surfaces of the molybdenum alloy test samples are different in the offset beam welding of different groups;
And determining the first beam deflection amount according to the welding quality of the plurality of groups of welding test samples.
7. The welding method of claim 6, wherein the weld quality comprises a microstructure at a weld of the weld test specimen and a mechanical property of the weld test specimen.
8. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a molybdenum alloy side weld line of the welding test sample is determined from a weld cross-sectional metallographic photograph of the welding test sample.
9. The welding method according to claim 1, wherein the molybdenum alloy test sample, the niobium alloy test sample, the molybdenum alloy actual sample, and the niobium alloy actual sample are plate-shaped samples, and the thickness of the plate-shaped samples is 2 to 3mm.
10. A welding method for joining dissimilar materials of molybdenum alloy and niobium alloy, comprising:
S10, preparing a molybdenum alloy test sample and a niobium alloy test sample, and performing partial beam welding on the molybdenum alloy test sample and the niobium alloy test sample by adopting an electron beam welding process;
s20, determining an inclined angle of an electron beam relative to the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample and a second deflection amount of the electron beam deviating from a butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy actual sample when the electron beam welding process is adopted to perform deflection welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample according to the deflection welding result of the step S10;
and S30, welding the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample according to the angle and the second deflection amount determined in the step S20.
11. The welding method according to claim 10, wherein the step S10 includes:
s101, preparing a plurality of groups of molybdenum alloy test samples and niobium alloy test samples;
s102, performing offset beam welding on each group of molybdenum alloy test samples and each group of niobium alloy test samples by adopting an electron beam welding process to obtain a plurality of groups of welding test samples, wherein in the offset beam welding of different groups, the offset beam amounts of the electron beams deviating from the butt joint surfaces of the molybdenum alloy test samples are different;
And S103, determining the optimal beam deflection amount of the electron beam deviated from the butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy test samples in the beam deflection welding according to the welding quality of the plurality of groups of welding test samples.
12. The welding method according to claim 11, wherein the step S20 includes:
S201, determining a molybdenum alloy side welding line of the welding test sample obtained by performing deflection welding by adopting the optimal deflection quantity, and determining an included angle between a butt joint surface of the molybdenum alloy test sample and the molybdenum alloy side welding line of the welding test sample as a first angle;
S202, determining the inclination angles of electron beams relative to the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample and the second deflection beam quantity when the electron beam welding process is adopted to carry out deflection welding on the molybdenum alloy actual sample and the niobium alloy actual sample according to the first angle, the optimal deflection beam quantity and the thickness of the molybdenum alloy test sample.
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