CN119704736A - Polymer optical fiber panel, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Polymer optical fiber panel, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种聚合物光纤面板及其制备方法和应用。该方法包括：获取丝径相同的无色透明的塑料A单丝和塑料B单丝；两种单丝折射率的平方差绝对值≥0.25；将两种单丝随机混合均匀，按最密方式排列置于模具中，升温，于真空条件下保温得到预制聚合物光纤棒；拉制成复丝；将复丝按最密方式排列置于模具中，升温，于真空条件下保温得到面板坯段；将面板坯段后处理得到聚合物光纤面板。所要解决的技术问题是如何制备一种聚合物光纤面板，使丝径控制在几微米内，提高了聚合物光纤面板的分辨率，使光纤面板既具有聚合物光纤面板抗电磁干扰、耐辐照、耐腐蚀等优点，且还使聚合物光纤面板达到了堪比玻璃光纤面板的分辨率，具有优异的传像质量。
The present invention provides a polymer optical fiber panel and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises: obtaining colorless and transparent plastic A monofilament and plastic B monofilament with the same wire diameter; the absolute value of the square difference of the refractive index of the two monofilaments is ≥0.25; randomly mixing the two monofilaments uniformly, arranging them in the densest manner and placing them in a mold, heating them up, and keeping them warm under vacuum conditions to obtain a prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod; drawing them into multifilaments; arranging the multifilaments in the densest manner and placing them in a mold, heating them up, and keeping them warm under vacuum conditions to obtain a panel blank section; post-processing the panel blank section to obtain a polymer optical fiber panel. The technical problem to be solved is how to prepare a polymer optical fiber panel so that the wire diameter is controlled within a few microns, the resolution of the polymer optical fiber panel is improved, and the optical fiber panel has the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, radiation resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. of the polymer optical fiber panel, and also enables the polymer optical fiber panel to achieve a resolution comparable to that of a glass optical fiber panel, and has excellent image transmission quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber panel manufacturing, in particular to a polymer optical fiber panel, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The optical fiber panel is an image transmission element and is prepared by arranging a plurality of optical fibers according to a certain rule, heating, fusing and the like. Each optical fiber consists of a core material with a high refractive index and a cladding material with a low refractive index, two ends of the optical fibers are closely arranged in a one-to-one corresponding relationship, each optical fiber transmits an image point, and an image is transmitted from an input end face to an output end face. The optical fiber panel has the characteristics of high numerical aperture, high light collecting performance, high resolution, real phase transmission and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of transmission of various images such as aerospace, national defense, medical treatment and the like.
Most of the traditional optical fiber panels are made of glass materials, but the glass optical fiber panels are generally small in size and have the problems of fragility, heavy weight, poor acid corrosion resistance, poor biocompatibility, complex preparation process, high cost and the like. Compared with the glass fiber optic faceplate, the polymer fiber optic faceplate has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost and the like, is paid attention to in recent years, is expected to become a substitute of the traditional fiber optic faceplate, has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, irradiation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and can be applied to some special occasions.
In the prior art, the manufacturing process of the polymer optical fiber panel comprises the steps of spinning polymer optical fiber monofilaments with a sheath-core structure by adopting a high-precision melt spinning machine, regularly arranging the monofilaments, fusing into a primary preform, drawing the optical fiber multifilament, arranging plates, manufacturing the multifilament into a polymer optical fiber blank by vacuum melting and pressing through a hot-pressing furnace, and finally carrying out optical finish machining to obtain the polymer optical fiber panel. However, since the thermal properties of the polymer material are different from those of glass, the deformation of the inside of the optical fiber panel is easy to occur in the melting and pressing process, so that the imaging quality of the optical fiber panel is poor, especially the central area of the optical fiber panel cannot be imaged, and meanwhile, the polymer material is difficult to stretch for many times due to the material characteristics of the polymer, so that the wire diameter of the polymer optical fiber is thicker, and the plastic optical fiber panel with high resolution is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a polymer optical fiber panel, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of how to prepare the polymer optical fiber panel, so that the wire diameter of a plastic optical fiber can be controlled within a few microns, the wire diameter level of a glass optical fiber is achieved, the resolution of the polymer optical fiber panel is improved, the optical fiber panel has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, radiation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the polymer optical fiber panel, the problems of small size, fragility of glass, large weight, poor acid corrosion resistance, poor biocompatibility, complex preparation process and the like of the glass optical fiber panel are avoided, and the polymer optical fiber panel achieves the resolution which is comparable with that of the glass optical fiber panel, has excellent image transmission quality and is more suitable for practical use.
The aim and the technical problems of the invention are realized by adopting the following technical proposal. The preparation method of the polymer optical fiber panel provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
S11, obtaining colorless transparent plastic A filaments and plastic B filaments with the same filament diameter, wherein the absolute value of the square difference of the refractive indexes of the two filaments is more than or equal to 0.25;
S12, uniformly mixing the two monofilaments at random, wherein the number of the plastic A monofilaments accounts for 40-60% of the total number of the two monofilaments;
S13, arranging the two uniformly mixed monofilaments in a mould in the most dense way, heating, and preserving heat under vacuum condition to enable the monofilaments to be welded with each other to obtain a prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod;
s14, drawing the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod into multifilament;
s15, arranging the multifilament in a mould in the most dense way, heating, and keeping the temperature under vacuum condition to weld the multifilament with each other to obtain a panel blank;
s16, post-processing the panel billet to obtain the polymer optical fiber panel.
The aim and the technical problems of the invention can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
Preferably, the aforementioned method of preparation wherein the two filaments are polystyrene filaments and polymethyl methacrylate filaments, respectively.
Preferably, the aforementioned preparation method, wherein the polystyrene monofilament and the polymethyl methacrylate monofilament are prepared by an electrospinning process; the method comprises the following specific steps:
S31, respectively dissolving polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate in a solvent to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the solvent is at least one of acetone, N-dimethylacetamide and tetrahydrofuran, and the mass concentration of the spinning solution is 2-12%;
S32, respectively carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution to obtain polystyrene monofilaments and polymethyl methacrylate monofilaments, wherein the electrostatic spinning process has the following parameters that the power supply voltage is 15-20 kV, and the flow rate of the spinning solution is 0.004-0.01 mL/min.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps of drawing the multifilament at 200-300 ℃ and feeding at 2-6 mm/min and drawing at 3-10 r/min.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the filament diameter of the monofilament is 0.08-0.3 mm, the stretching multiple is 18-31, and the filament diameter of each filament in the polymer optical fiber panel is 5-16 mu m.
Preferably, in the preparation method, the temperature rising time is more than or equal to 2 hours, the heat preservation process parameters in the step S13 are as follows, the heat preservation temperature is 100-220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4-6 hours, and the heat preservation process parameters in the step S15 are as follows, the heat preservation temperature is 100-220 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-8 hours.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the step of enabling the die to be a hexagonal die, wherein the weight of the die cover is 2-5 kg when the opposite side distance of the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod or panel billet is less than 20mm, the weight of the die cover is 6-10 kg when the opposite side distance of the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod or panel billet is 20-30 mm, and the weight of the die cover is 10-15 kg when the opposite side distance of the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod or panel billet is more than 30 mm.
The aim and the technical problems of the invention are realized by adopting the following technical proposal. According to the present invention, a polymer fiber optic panel is provided, comprising:
a plurality of polystyrene monofilaments connected in parallel to each other;
the polyethylene monofilaments are connected in a parallel axis mode, the axes of the polystyrene monofilaments and the polymethyl methacrylate monofilaments are parallel, the radial heights of the two monofilaments are arranged in a disordered mode, and the filament diameters of the two monofilaments are 5-16 mu m.
Preferably, the aforementioned polymeric fiber optic faceplate is prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.
The aim and the technical problems of the invention are realized by adopting the following technical proposal. According to the application of the polymer optical fiber panel in the technical fields of aerospace, national defense, medical treatment or image transmission.
By means of the technical scheme, the polymer optical fiber panel provided by the invention and the preparation method and application thereof have at least the following advantages:
The polymer optical fiber panel is prepared by two plastic monofilaments, an image transmission element can be formed by limiting the refractive index relation of the two plastics, the quantity ratio and the mixing mode of the two plastic monofilaments are limited, the two plastic monofilaments can form the Andersen localized arrangement with radial highly disordered arrangement, the effect of transmitting an image of the optical fiber can be realized without a core-skin structure, the melting and pressing process of the optical fiber is optimized, the heating and the heat preservation of the optical fiber in a vacuum environment are realized, the temporary application of short-time pressure to the monofilaments in the local time in the melting and pressing process is avoided, the constant weight is given to the monofilaments through a die cover counterweight in the whole process of heating and heat preservation, the thermal performance of the polymer can be matched, the deformation of the polymer monofilaments in the melting and pressing process is avoided, the image transmission quality is not influenced, the defects such as bubbles in a product are avoided, the quality is also prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the plastic materials are oxidized, and the stress in the product is also prevented from being concentrated.
Furthermore, the preparation process of the plastic monofilament is optimized, the quality concentration, the power supply voltage and the flow rate of the spinning solution are adjusted, so that the filament diameter of the monofilament can be effectively controlled, and the filament diameter of each optical fiber in the polymer optical fiber panel reaches the level which is comparable to the filament diameter of the glass optical fiber by matching with the subsequent drawing process, so that the filament diameter of each optical fiber is only a few microns, and the resolution of the polymer optical fiber panel is improved.
Furthermore, the invention ensures that the melting and pressing process can be realized without additional pressure in the whole melting and pressing process, thereby being free from the constraint that the prior art can realize the melting and pressing of the optical fiber through a hot pressing furnace, the invention needs to provide a vacuum environment to improve the product quality in the melting and pressing process, avoids the bubble defect in the product and the deterioration caused by oxidation of the plastic, and on the other hand, the heating speed and the heat preservation temperature need to be accurately controlled, thereby avoiding the product quality damage caused by unstable temperature in the melting and pressing process.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention, as it is embodied in the following description, with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an arrangement of prefabricated polymer fiber rods of an embodiment of the present invention primed with 12 filaments;
Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a highly disordered array of two plastic monofilaments in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the invention to achieve the preset aim, the following is a polymer optical fiber panel, a preparation method thereof, a specific implementation, a structure, characteristics and effects thereof according to the invention, and the specific implementation, the structure, the characteristics and the effects thereof are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner.
The invention provides a preparation method of a polymer optical fiber panel, which comprises the following steps:
The first step is to obtain colorless transparent plastic A filaments and plastic B filaments with the same filament diameter.
The plastic monofilament is limited to be colorless and transparent in the step, and is mainly considered from the purpose that the plastic monofilament is used as an optical fiber, the optical fiber is used for transmitting optical signals, if the plastic is colored, light with specific wavelength can be absorbed and scattered to cause the attenuation of the optical signals in the transmission process, the colorless and transparent plastic can reduce the absorption and scattering of the light to the greatest extent and ensure the efficient transmission of the optical signals in the optical fiber, meanwhile, the colored plastic can cause deviation and distortion of the transmission of the light, the accurate transmission of the signals is not facilitated, and the transparent plastic can ensure the accuracy of the optical transmission.
In this step, the two plastic monofilaments are limited to have the same filament diameter, and the technical purpose is that the two monofilaments can be closely packed indiscriminately in the subsequent rod arranging process.
The obtained sources of the plastic monofilaments in the steps can be purchased in the market or prepared by self. In order to ensure uniform control of the filament diameter and the fiber morphology of the filaments, the invention preferably provides for the preparation of plastic filaments by means of an electrospinning process. By adjusting parameters in the electrostatic spinning process, such as voltage, solution concentration, flow rate and the like, the diameter of the plastic optical fiber can be accurately controlled, fibers with different diameters from tens of nanometers to several micrometers can be prepared, and the requirements of different application scenes on the optical fiber size are met.
The electrospinning process is suitable for various plastic materials, such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), etc. According to the invention, the optical fiber is prepared by selecting a proper plastic material according to the specific application scene requirement, so that different performances are given to the plastic optical fiber. For example, PMMA plastic optical fiber has good optical transparency and biocompatibility, is suitable for the fields of biomedicine and optical communication, and PS plastic optical fiber has higher refractive index, and is suitable for the fields of optical sensing and optical imaging. The two filaments of the present invention are preferably polystyrene filaments and polymethyl methacrylate filaments, respectively.
The specific steps of the electrostatic spinning of the polystyrene monofilament and the polymethyl methacrylate monofilament are as follows:
The preparation method comprises the steps of respectively dissolving polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate in a solvent to obtain a spinning solution, preparing the spinning solution, wherein the solvent is preferably at least one selected from acetone, N-dimethylacetamide and tetrahydrofuran as long as the sufficient dissolution of PS and PMMA can be ensured, and the mass concentration of the spinning solution is preferably 2-12%, more preferably 5-12% and even more preferably 10% in order to ensure the spinnability of the spinning solution and the quality of the single filaments.
And respectively carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution to obtain polystyrene monofilaments and polymethyl methacrylate monofilaments, wherein the preferable electrostatic spinning process parameters are as follows, the power supply voltage is 15-20 kV, and the flow rate of the spinning solution is 0.004-0.01 mL/min.
After two plastic monofilaments are obtained, the two plastic monofilaments are mixed uniformly at random to ensure that the arrangement height of the two plastic monofilaments is disordered, wherein the absolute value of the square difference of the refractive indexes of the two plastic monofilaments is more than or equal to 0.25, and the number of the plastic monofilaments A accounts for 40-60% of the total number of the two plastic monofilaments.
The polymer optical fiber panel is formed by arranging two transparent plastic fibers with different refractive indexes in a transverse highly disordered manner. Factors to be considered in this arrangement include the difference in refractive index of the two plastic materials, the proportion of the two plastic materials used, and the arrangement and distribution of the two plastic filaments.
The transverse disorder refers to the disordered arrangement of two plastic monofilaments with different refractive indexes on a plane along the cross section/radial direction of the optical fiber, and the high disorder refers to the high disorder degree of the arrangement, and the more disordered the arrangement is, the higher the disorder degree is. The invention selects the disordered arrangement of the transverse height to ensure that the light wave is highly constrained/inhibited in the transverse/radial direction, so that the light wave is transmitted forwards in a high local area, and the problems of image transmission distortion and blurring are avoided.
In the above technical solution, if the difference of refractive indexes of the two plastics is too small, the anderson localization phenomenon is not obvious, and if the difference of refractive indexes is too large, the difference of performances of the two plastic monofilaments may be too large, which is unfavorable for production operation. In order to ensure that the two plastic monofilaments can better form Andersen localization after being arranged in a highly disordered way, the high-quality image transmission can be ensured. The absolute value of the square difference of the refractive indexes of the two plastic monofilaments is preferably more than or equal to 0.25, namely, the numerical aperture of the optical fiber formed by the two plastic monofilaments is more than or equal to 0.5. The technical scheme of the invention can be realized by any two plastics with refractive index difference values meeting the requirements, so long as the plastic material can adapt to the subsequent process requirements of the plastic optical fiber.
In addition, for two plastic filament arrangement plates, the disorder is mainly reflected in the arrangement positions of the two plastic filaments, if any one of the two plastic filaments has too much ratio, such as 99%, the other plastic filament has too little ratio, and most positions are the former plastic filaments when the plastic filaments are arranged in the case, so that the probability of continuous or close connection of the filaments is high, an ordered periodic rule is formed, and therefore, the situation must be avoided. The number of plastic A monofilaments is N A, the number of plastic B monofilaments is N B, and according to a large number of experimental tests, the two plastic monofilaments have the number ratio of N A/(NA+NB) =40-60%, and when N A/(NA+NB) =50%, the maximum unordered effect can be arranged, namely, the method is preferable. When the value of N A/(NA+NB) is lower than 40% or higher than 60%, the anderson localization effect is not very obvious, which may cause that the light wave is obviously diffused and the definition of the transmission output signal of the optical fiber panel is poor. Therefore, the invention preferably uses the plastic A monofilament or the plastic B monofilament accounting for 40% -60% of the total usage of the two transparent glass optical fibers.
And thirdly, arranging the two uniformly mixed monofilaments in a mould in the most dense way, heating, and preserving heat under vacuum condition to enable the monofilaments to be welded with each other to obtain the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod, wherein the monofilaments in the mould are placed in the vertical direction of the axis, and the top of the monofilaments bear the counterweight of the mould cover.
In the step, the two kinds of monofilaments are uniformly mixed, namely, the two kinds of monofilaments are randomly distributed without any rule, so that a highly disordered arrangement structure is formed, as shown in figure 2, the dark color represents one plastic monofilament, the light color represents the other plastic monofilament, and the two kinds of plastic monofilaments are randomly mixed to form an Andersen localized height without arrangement. It should be noted that the filaments shown in dark color in fig. 2 are only used to represent the arrangement state of two filaments, and do not limit the color of the filaments, and as described above, both plastic filaments are colorless and transparent plastic filaments in the present invention.
The most dense arrangement in this step is the arrangement in which two filaments are engaged with each other so that each adjacent filament is in contact with each other and is closely arranged, as shown in fig. 1, which illustrates an arrangement in which a preformed polymer fiber rod is primed with 12 filaments in one embodiment of the present invention. The die in the attached figure 1 is a hexagonal die, which is formed by splicing six independent triangular prism die sliding blocks, one plane of each independent triangular prism die sliding block is abutted against one side face of a monofilament rod in hexagonal arrangement, six side walls of a hexagonal prism-shaped prefabricated optical fiber rod are respectively fixed, prefabricated optical fiber rods in different sizes can be fixed, and the die is quite convenient and flexible to assemble and disassemble.
In actual production, the die comprises a bottom die and a sleeve die besides six independent triangular prism die sliding blocks. In specific operation, arranging the arranged hexagonal monofilament rods on a bottom die, enabling one end face of each hexagonal monofilament rod to be in contact with the bottom die, enabling the side face of each hexagonal monofilament rod to be perpendicular to the bottom die, sequentially arranging six independent triangular prism die sliders around each hexagonal monofilament rod to enable each die slider to be closely attached to one side face of each hexagonal monofilament rod, sleeving a die sleeve on the outer side of each die slider to fix the position of each die slider so that the die sliders can be continuously and tightly attached to the side face of each hexagonal monofilament rod, and finally placing an upper die above the die sleeve, wherein the weights of the die sleeve and the upper die are always applied to the upper side of each hexagonal monofilament rod, namely the top of each monofilament is provided with a die cover counterweight.
The invention always keeps a vacuum state in the melt-pressing process, no pressure is additionally applied to the hexagonal monofilament rod except the die cover counterweight in the whole process, the process setting mainly considers that the invention aims to prepare the polymer optical fiber panel, the object is plastic monofilament, the plastic material has unique performance characteristics, when the additional pressure is applied to the plastic in a heated state, the internal deformation of the optical fiber panel can be caused, so that the imaging quality of the plastic optical fiber panel is poor, especially the central area of the plastic optical fiber panel can not be imaged, and when serious, the improper pressure control can cause the plastic to overflow the die, or the condition of stress concentration is generated in the product, and the stress concentration can cause the product to crack or even break more easily in the use process, thereby reducing the quality and the service life of the product. The invention optimizes the process of the melting and pressing process to keep the process in a vacuum state all the time, and does not apply any pressure to the hexagonal monofilament rod except the die cover counterweight in the whole process, namely, the hexagonal monofilament rod only bears constant and stable force with the die cover counterweight in the whole process of heating and heat preservation, thereby ensuring that the plastic monofilaments can be fused and connected smoothly, and not having any adverse effect on the plastic monofilaments, so that all the plastic monofilaments cannot deform, and ensuring the image transmission quality of the polymer optical fiber panel prepared by the plastic monofilaments.
In the technical scheme, no additional pressure is applied to the hexagonal monofilament rod, and no additional external force is applied, so that the fusion among the monofilaments is not tight, and the counterweight can always give continuous and stable pressure to the hexagonal monofilament rod in the whole process of heating and melting pressure by using the die cover with proper weight, thereby ensuring that the monofilaments are not deformed. For the weight of the die cover, which is related to the dimension of the opposite side distance of the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod, in order to achieve the better balance of fusion and non-deformation, the weight of the die cover is preferably defined as 2-5 kg when the opposite side distance is less than 20mm, the weight of the die cover is 6-10 kg when the opposite side distance is 20-30 mm, and the weight of the die cover is 10-15 kg when the opposite side distance is >30 mm.
After the hexagonal monofilament rod is installed in the mold, it is initially heated to fuse it to one another. The invention controls the heating speed to be slowly heated to the preset heat preservation temperature at least in two hours, and the slowly heated setting is technically characterized in that on one hand, the monofilament is made of plastic material, the plastic is made of high polymer material and has own glass transition temperature and melting point range, the slowly heated monofilament rod can be uniformly heated to avoid overhigh local temperature, if the temperature is too fast, the local area can reach the melting point and even decomposition temperature in advance, the material performance is deteriorated, such as local scorching, bubble generation and the like, so as to influence the quality and appearance of the product, on the other hand, the slowly heated monofilament is enabled to have enough time for loosening and rearrangement of molecular chains in the plastic, and when the temperature is gradually increased, the molecular chain segments slowly obtain enough energy, so that the unordered arrangement is favorable for better interpenetration among the molecular chain segments, thereby being favorable for improving the physical performance, strength, toughness and other mechanical properties of the product after melt pressing. Regarding the control of the temperature rising speed, the embodiment of the invention is realized by selecting a vacuum oven with proper specification.
The invention is limited in vacuum condition to keep heat and weld the monofilaments, which aims to prevent oxidation of plastic materials, heat the plastic in air, react the plastic with oxygen at high temperature to cause aging and discoloration of the plastic and reduce performance, effectively isolate oxygen in vacuum environment to avoid oxidation reaction, ensure chemical stability and appearance quality of plastic monofilament rod, remove bubbles in plastic monofilament rod, keep heat in vacuum to make the gases escape more easily, and reduce density and strength of product to influence mechanical property and appearance flatness. The vacuum degree range is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 90 to 120kpa as long as it can be kept at a certain vacuum degree to ensure the quality of the product.
In the technical scheme, the heat preservation temperature and the heat preservation time of the plastic monofilament rod under vacuum depend on various factors, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs in actual operation. The preferred materials of the plastic monofilament rod are PS and PMMA. Under the condition of selecting the material and combining the target size of the prepared polymer optical fiber panel, the thermal insulation process parameters of the plastic monofilament are as follows, wherein the thermal insulation temperature is 100-220 ℃, and the thermal insulation time is 4-6 h.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the vacuum and thermal insulation environment in the above technical solution is implemented by a vacuum drying oven. In particular, the vacuum oven can provide both the vacuum and temperature process conditions required by the present invention. Compared with the prior art that a hot pressing furnace is used for melting and pressing plastic monofilament rods, the invention realizes melting and pressing through a vacuum drying box, and the technical purposes are that firstly, the vacuum environment of the vacuum drying box can reduce the boiling point of water, quicken the evaporation of water, the moisture removal effect on plastics such as PS and PMMA is obvious, the defects of bubbles, pores and the like caused by the moisture in the melting and pressing process of the plastic monofilament rods can be effectively prevented, the quality and compactness of products are improved, secondly, the vacuum drying box can avoid the oxidization of the plastics in the drying process, and for the plastics such as PS and PMMA which are easy to oxidize, the chemical stability of the plastics is kept, the performance is prevented from being reduced, thirdly, the vacuum drying box is provided with an accurate temperature control system, the drying temperature can be accurately set and controlled according to the characteristics of the plastics such as PS and PMMA, the plastics can be ensured to be processed at a proper temperature, and preparation is made for the subsequent melting and pressing. The vacuum drying box is used as an existing mature industrial product, has various types, is simpler and more convenient to operate and convenient to move, has low cost, and is more practical and easier to realize for some small enterprises or enterprises with limited funds, besides overcoming the defects that the hot pressing furnace is easy to generate material oxidation and the temperature uniformity is difficult to ensure in the prior art.
And the fourth step is to draw the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod prepared by the technical scheme into multifilament. The setting of the drawing parameters can be flexibly adjusted based on the type of the polymer.
In one embodiment of the invention, the polymers are PS and PMMA. For PS, a PS raw material with a moderate molecular weight is selected, the molecular weight is too high, the fluidity is poor, the drawing is difficult, the molecular weight is too low, and the multifilament strength may be insufficient. Regarding PMMA, attention is paid to its transparency and molecular weight distribution. The high transparency indicates a good quality of the raw material, and the uniform molecular weight distribution is beneficial to the stability of the drawing process. For the control of the drawing temperature, for PS, the drawing temperature is usually 180-220 ℃, and PS can be well converted into a viscous state in the temperature range, so that the drawing is easy. For PMMA, the drawing temperature is slightly high, generally 220-250 ℃. Because of the relatively high glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PMMA. The preferred drawing temperature of the invention is set to 200-300 ℃ so as to simultaneously consider the characteristics of PS and PMMA. It is also necessary to combine both PS and PMMA plastics properties for both feed and draw speeds. In order to ensure that the filament diameter of each monofilament is uniform and stable in the drawing process, and the cross section shape of each monofilament can be preferably kept unchanged, through a large number of experience of experimental tests, the feeding speed of the hexagonal monofilament rod is preferably 2-6 mm/min, and the wire drawing speed is preferably 3-10 r/min.
In order to better balance the performance of subsequent products, the filament diameter of each optical fiber in the final polymer optical fiber panel can reach the level of several micrometers so as to ensure the resolution of the polymer optical fiber panel, and simultaneously, the thermal stretching performance of the PS and PMMA polymers is combined to avoid the damage of the mechanical properties of the PS and PMMA polymers caused by over stretching.
In the technical scheme, the stretching multiple of the hexagonal monofilament rod during drawing is 18-31, and the filament diameter of each filament in the polymer optical fiber panel is 5-16 mu m.
And fifthly, arranging the drawn multifilament in a mould in the most dense way, heating, and keeping the temperature under vacuum to weld the multifilament with each other to obtain a panel blank, wherein the multifilament is arranged in the mould in the vertical direction of the axis, and the top of the multifilament carries a mould cover counterweight.
The melt-pressing process of the hexagonal multifilament rod is similar to that of the hexagonal monofilament rod, only in that the object to be melt-pressed is changed from the hexagonal monofilament rod to the hexagonal multifilament rod, and the two melt-pressing processes are the same and are not repeated, and the difference is that:
In the technical scheme, the heat preservation temperature and the heat preservation time of the plastic monofilament rod under vacuum depend on various factors, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs in actual operation. The preferred materials of the plastic monofilament rod are PS and PMMA. Under the condition of selecting the material and combining the target size of the prepared polymer optical fiber panel, the invention prefers the thermal insulation process parameters of plastic monofilaments to be as follows, the thermal insulation temperature is 100-220 ℃, the thermal insulation time is 4-8 hours, and the effect of adopting higher thermal insulation temperature to match with shorter thermal insulation time is basically equivalent to that of adopting lower thermal insulation temperature to match with longer thermal insulation time due to the fact that the polymer has time-temperature equivalence. The specific melt-pressing process parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the material quality of the plastic, the specifications of the monofilaments and the multifilaments and other factors.
And finally, carrying out post-treatment on the panel billet to obtain the polymer optical fiber panel. The operation of this step may be performed according to a conventional operation in the art, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
The present invention also proposes a polymeric fiber optic panel comprising:
a plurality of polystyrene monofilaments connected in parallel to each other;
the polyethylene monofilaments are connected in a parallel axis mode, the axes of the polystyrene monofilaments and the polymethyl methacrylate monofilaments are parallel, the radial heights of the two monofilaments are arranged in a disordered mode, and the filament diameters of the two monofilaments are 5-16 mu m.
The filament diameter of each monofilament in the polymer optical fiber panel is only 5-16 mu m, so that the fineness level of the filament diameter of the glass optical fiber in the glass optical fiber panel is achieved, the resolution of the polymer optical fiber panel is greatly improved, the excellent image transmission quality is achieved, meanwhile, the polymer optical fiber panel has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, radiation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the problems of small size, fragility of glass, large weight, poor acid corrosion resistance, poor biocompatibility, complex preparation process and the like of the glass optical fiber panel are avoided.
The polymer fiber optic panels described above were prepared by the preparation method described above.
The invention also provides application of the polymer optical fiber panel in the technical fields of aerospace, national defense, medical treatment or image transmission.
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather as falling within the scope of the invention, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention will now occur to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
Unless otherwise indicated, materials, reagents, and the like referred to below are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art, and unless otherwise indicated, the methods are well known in the art. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
The preparation of the polymer optical fiber panel in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps:
Respectively dissolving PS and PMMA materials in tetrahydrofuran to respectively form two textile solutions with the mass concentration of 10%, respectively carrying out electrostatic spinning on the PS and PMMA materials according to the process parameters of 15kV power supply voltage and 0.004mL/min flow rate to obtain PS monofilaments and PMMA monofilaments with the wire diameters of 0.1 mm.
Uniformly mixing PS monofilaments and PMMA monofilaments at random according to the ratio of 4:6, arranging the two mixed monofilaments into a regular hexagon according to a hexagonal closest structure, assembling the arranged polymer optical fiber rods (the opposite sides are 25.91 mm) into a die, surrounding a polymer optical fiber plate by using six triangular prisms, weighing 8kg of die cover, then placing the die cover in a vacuum drying oven, heating for 2 hours, preserving heat for 6 hours at 160 ℃, and tightly connecting optical fibers at the vacuum degree of 100kPa to obtain the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rods.
And thirdly, drawing the polymer optical fiber rod into a wire, wherein the drawing temperature is 250 ℃, the feeding speed is 4mm/min, and the drawing speed is controlled to be 4.1r/min, so as to obtain the multifilament with the wire diameter of 1.3 mm.
Arranging the multifilament obtained in the step three to have 26.27mm opposite sides in a 12-piece bottoming hexagonal stacking mode, assembling the arranged polymer optical fiber plates into a die, weighing 8kg of die cover, placing the die cover into a vacuum drying oven, heating for 2 hours, preserving heat for 8 hours at 100 ℃, and tightly connecting the multifilament at 100kPa to obtain the polymer optical fiber panel.
And fifthly, carrying out rounding, slicing and polishing treatment on the polymer fiber board obtained in the step six to obtain a polymer fiber panel finished product.
The resolution of the polymer fiber optic faceplate in this example was tested to be 80.6Lp/mm.
Examples 2 to 8
As in example 1. The differences are shown in Table 1, and the resolution test results of the polymer fiber optic faceplate of this example are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The steps are the same as the examples, except that the non-vacuum environment is adopted, the melting pressure of the hot pressing furnace is adopted, and the specific technological parameters are shown in table 1. The resolution test results of the polymer fiber optic faceplate of this comparative example are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The test results of the embodiment and the comparative example show that the polymer optical fiber panel with excellent performance can be prepared by the technical scheme of the invention, the wire diameter of the polymer optical fiber panel can reach the level of a few micrometers, which is comparable to that of glass optical fibers, the resolution of the polymer optical fiber panel is greatly improved, the resolution of the polymer optical fiber panel is more than 50Lp/mm, and even more than 80Lp/mm, and meanwhile, the technical scheme of the invention ensures that the optical fiber panel not only has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, radiation resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the polymer optical fiber panel, but also avoids the problems of small size, fragile glass, large weight, poor acid corrosion resistance, poor biocompatibility, complex preparation process and the like of the glass optical fiber panel. In comparative example 1, the melting and pressing were performed in a non-vacuum environment using a hot pressing furnace, and it was found from the test results that the quality of the prepared polymer optical fiber panel was poor, the resolution was 0, and the image could not be effectively transferred.
The technical features of the claims and/or the description of the present invention may be combined in a manner not limited to the combination of the claims by the relation of reference. The technical scheme obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and/or the specification is also the protection scope of the invention.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a polymer fiber optic panel, comprising the steps of:
S11, obtaining colorless transparent plastic A filaments and plastic B filaments with the same filament diameter, wherein the absolute value of the square difference of the refractive indexes of the two filaments is more than or equal to 0.25;
S12, uniformly mixing the two monofilaments at random, wherein the number of the plastic A monofilaments accounts for 40-60% of the total number of the two monofilaments;
S13, arranging the two uniformly mixed monofilaments in a mould in the most dense way, heating, and preserving heat under vacuum condition to enable the monofilaments to be welded with each other to obtain a prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod;
s14, drawing the prefabricated polymer optical fiber rod into multifilament;
s15, arranging the multifilament in a mould in the most dense way, heating, and keeping the temperature under vacuum condition to weld the multifilament with each other to obtain a panel blank;
s16, post-processing the panel billet to obtain the polymer optical fiber panel.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the two filaments are polystyrene filaments and polymethyl methacrylate filaments, respectively.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the polystyrene monofilament and the polymethyl methacrylate monofilament are prepared by an electrospinning process, and the specific steps are as follows:
S31, respectively dissolving polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate in a solvent to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the solvent is at least one of acetone, N-dimethylacetamide and tetrahydrofuran, and the mass concentration of the spinning solution is 2-12%;
S32, respectively carrying out electrostatic spinning on the spinning solution to obtain polystyrene monofilaments and polymethyl methacrylate monofilaments, wherein the electrostatic spinning process has the following parameters that the power supply voltage is 15-20 kV, and the flow rate of the spinning solution is 0.004-0.01 mL/min.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the process parameters of the multifilament drawing are as follows, drawing temperature is 200-300 ℃, feeding speed is 2-6 mm/min, and drawing speed is 3-10 r/min.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the filaments have a filament diameter of 0.08 to 0.3mm and a stretch ratio of 18 to 31, and wherein each filament in the polymer optical fiber panel has a filament diameter of 5 to 16. Mu.m.
6. The preparation method of the heat preservation material according to claim 2, wherein the heating time is more than or equal to 2 hours, the heat preservation process parameters in the step S13 are as follows, the heat preservation temperature is 100-220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4-6 hours, and the heat preservation process parameters in the step S15 are as follows, the heat preservation temperature is 100-220 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-8 hours.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mold is a hexagonal mold, the weight of the mold cover is 2-5 kg when the distance between opposite sides of the preform of the polymer optical fiber rod or the panel is less than 20mm, the weight of the mold cover is 6-10 kg when the distance between opposite sides of the preform of the polymer optical fiber rod or the panel is 20-30 mm, and the weight of the mold cover is 10-15 kg when the distance between opposite sides of the preform of the polymer optical fiber rod or the panel is >30 mm.
8. A polymeric fiber optic faceplate, comprising:
a plurality of polystyrene monofilaments connected in parallel to each other;
the polyethylene monofilaments are connected in a parallel axis mode, the axes of the polystyrene monofilaments and the polymethyl methacrylate monofilaments are parallel, the radial heights of the two monofilaments are arranged in a disordered mode, and the filament diameters of the two monofilaments are 5-16 mu m.
9. The polymeric fiber optic faceplate of claim 8, prepared by the preparation method of any of claims 1 to 7.
10. Use of a polymer optical fiber panel according to claim 8 or 9 in the field of aerospace, defense, medical or image transmission technology.
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