CN119162405A - Steelmaking electric arc furnace and steelmaking method thereof - Google Patents
Steelmaking electric arc furnace and steelmaking method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN119162405A CN119162405A CN202411328916.XA CN202411328916A CN119162405A CN 119162405 A CN119162405 A CN 119162405A CN 202411328916 A CN202411328916 A CN 202411328916A CN 119162405 A CN119162405 A CN 119162405A
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 266
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 266
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009845 electric arc furnace steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013072 incoming material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a steelmaking electric arc furnace and a steelmaking method thereof, wherein the steelmaking electric arc furnace comprises an electric arc furnace body and a horizontal type scrap conveying and preheating device, wherein the electric arc furnace body is arranged at an outlet of the horizontal type scrap conveying and preheating device and is used for receiving scrap steel from the horizontal type scrap conveying and preheating device and smelting the received scrap steel to obtain molten steel and slag, the horizontal type scrap conveying and preheating device is used for preheating the scrap steel received from a scrap steel feeding device and conveying the preheated scrap steel to the electric arc furnace body, and the horizontal type scrap conveying and preheating device comprises a scrap steel conveying device, a horizontal connection trolley hood, a scrap steel preheating channel hood, a dynamic sealing device, a gas collecting main pipe, a primary flue and a settling chamber. By utilizing the technical scheme, the double effects of reducing the smelting energy consumption and improving the production rate can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric arc furnace steelmaking, in particular to a steelmaking electric arc furnace and a steelmaking method thereof.
Background
In the modern steel industry, ultra high power Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) are one of the main ways to make steel due to their high efficiency and environmental characteristics. However, electric arc furnaces produce large amounts of high temperature flue gases during the steelmaking process, which carry away a large amount of heat during the discharge process, approximately half of the input electrical energy. This waste of energy not only causes a loss of resources but also increases the production cost. To reduce energy loss and improve production efficiency, scrap preheating technology has been developed. The technology preheats the scrap steel before entering the furnace to a certain temperature by recovering the heat in the discharged flue gas, thereby reducing the energy consumption in the smelting process and shortening the melting time. Traditionally, horizontal scrap steel preheating furnaces are used, wherein the scrap steel and high temperature flue gas exchange heat in a preheating section. Although this design can preheat scrap to 250-300 ℃, the preheating effect of the lower scrap is not ideal, as heat exchange mainly occurs between the top scrap and the flue gas, resulting in an actual preheating temperature well below the claimed value.
To improve this problem, a shaft type scrap preheating furnace has been developed. In this design, the high temperature flue gas rises from the bottom of the shaft and exchanges more fully with the cold scrap, and it is expected that the scrap may be preheated to 600 ℃. However, actual operating data shows that the preheat temperature is typically between 500-540 ℃. Although the preheating effect is improved, this high temperature preheating also causes a new problem that a large amount of toxic gas may be generated during the preheating, especially when inexpensive scrap containing chlorine-containing hydrocarbon such as paint, grease, plastic, etc. is used. In order to meet environmental requirements, these toxic fumes must be treated. The common practice is to heat the flue gas to above 1000 ℃ by using a burner to decompose toxic substances, and then rapidly cool the flue gas by spraying water mist to prevent the secondary generation of the toxic substances. Finally, the residual toxic substances are adsorbed by spraying activated carbon powder into the flue gas. This process not only increases the complexity of the system but also reduces the energy saving effect of scrap preheating because additional fuel is required.
In summary, although the scrap steel preheating technology has significant advantages in terms of improving production efficiency and reducing energy consumption, problems of unsatisfactory preheating effect, complex toxic gas treatment and the like still exist in practical application. Therefore, developing a steelmaking electric arc furnace and a steelmaking method thereof which can not only effectively improve the preheating temperature of scrap steel, but also simplify the toxic gas treatment flow is a technical challenge which needs to be solved in the current steel industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a steelmaking electric arc furnace and a steelmaking method thereof, which are used for realizing the dual effects of reducing the consumption of smelting energy and improving the productivity.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect, there is provided a steelmaking arc furnace and a steelmaking method thereof, the steelmaking arc furnace comprising an arc furnace body and a horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device, wherein:
the electric arc furnace body is arranged at the outlet of the horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device and is used for receiving scrap steel from the horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device and smelting the received scrap steel to obtain molten steel and slag;
The horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device is used for preheating the scrap steel received from the scrap steel feeding device and conveying the preheated scrap steel to the electric arc furnace body, wherein the horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device comprises a scrap steel conveying device, a horizontal connecting trolley smoke hood, a scrap steel preheating channel smoke hood, a dynamic sealing device, a gas collecting main pipe, a primary flue and a settling chamber;
the scrap steel conveying device is used for receiving scrap steel from the scrap steel feeding device and conveying the received scrap steel to the electric arc furnace body through the horizontal connection trolley;
The horizontal connection trolley smoke cover is arranged above the horizontal connection trolley and is used for providing a channel for the outflow smoke of the electric arc furnace body and the transportation of the scrap steel and providing a closed environment for the process of preheating the scrap steel by high-temperature smoke;
The dynamic sealing device is connected with the scrap steel preheating channel smoke hood and is used for providing a channel for transporting scrap steel, limiting the amount of cold air entering the channel and preventing smoke in the channel from escaping;
The waste steel preheating channel smoke hood is respectively connected with the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood and the dynamic sealing device, is positioned between the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood and the dynamic sealing device, and is connected to the gas collecting main pipe in a one-to-one correspondence manner through a plurality of gas extraction bellows and a plurality of gas collecting branch pipes;
The gas collecting main pipe is respectively connected with the plurality of gas collecting branch pipes and the primary flue and is used for collecting and mixing the flue gas of the plurality of gas collecting branch pipes;
The primary flue is arranged between the gas collecting main pipe and the settling chamber and used for guiding the collected and mixed flue gas in the gas collecting main pipe to the settling chamber, and
The sedimentation chamber is connected with the primary flue and is used for separating and sedimentation of dust particles meeting the preset size condition in the collected and mixed flue gas.
Preferably, the steelmaking arc furnace, wherein the horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device further comprises:
The scrap steel feeding device is used for conveying the scrap steel to the scrap steel conveying device to obtain a scrap steel layer;
The steel scrap conveying device is used for conveying the steel scrap to the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood;
the exhaust bellows are positioned at the bottom of the waste steel preheating passage smoke hood and are used for sucking the smoke in the waste steel preheating passage smoke hood to penetrate through the waste steel material layer;
The plurality of gas collecting branch pipes are connected in one-to-one correspondence, are connected with the gas collecting main pipe and are used for conveying the flue gas to the gas collecting main pipe.
Preferably, the steel-making electric arc furnace, wherein the horizontal connection trolley adopts a sliding and sticking operation mode, horizontally feeds the scrap steel into the electric arc furnace body, and completely withdraws to the outer side of the upper furnace shell of the electric arc furnace body when the furnace body of the electric arc furnace body needs tilting slag tapping or tapping;
The horizontal connection trolley smoke hood adopts a water cooling structure;
The tail end of the horizontal connection trolley smoke cover near the furnace side is provided with a hydraulic movable cover and/or,
The horizontal connection trolley smoke hood is provided with a tipping type hydraulic structure.
Preferably, in the steelmaking electric arc furnace, the scrap steel preheating passage smoke hood adopts a lining refractory structure, and a plurality of groups of burners are arranged on the scrap steel preheating passage smoke hood.
Preferably, the steel-making electric arc furnace, wherein the dynamic sealing device is connected with an exhaust pipeline, an exhaust fan is arranged on the exhaust pipeline, the exhaust fan is linked with a main fan of primary flue gas of the electric arc furnace body, and the tail end of the exhaust pipeline is integrated with a secondary flue gas pipeline.
Preferably, the steelmaking electric arc furnace, wherein the scrap steel feeding device adopts a structural form of a magnetic disk crane or a steel grabbing machine;
The scrap steel conveying device consists of a groove body and a grate bar, wherein the groove body and the grate bar are made of preset high-temperature resistant metal materials, and the scrap steel conveying device is formed by connecting a plurality of groove bodies in series front and back.
In another aspect, a steelmaking process for an electric arc furnace, suitable for use in any one of the above steelmaking electric arc furnaces, the steelmaking process comprising:
Step S1, preheating scrap steel through a horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device and conveying the scrap steel to an electric arc furnace body:
And S2, smelting the scrap steel through the electric arc furnace body to obtain molten steel and slag.
Preferably, the steelmaking method further comprises:
when the first furnace is used for smelting, a furnace cover of the electric arc furnace body is opened, scrap steel with specified weight is added into the electric arc furnace body through the furnace cover by using a crane and a basket filled with the scrap steel, and then the furnace cover is closed;
Before the first furnace is smelted, a hydraulic movable cover horizontally connected with the front end of the trolley smoke cover is retracted to a position where the furnace cover can be opened, when the furnace cover is closed, the hydraulic movable cover is advanced to a preset position, and in the smelting process, the hydraulic movable cover adjusts a gap between the hydraulic movable cover and an upper furnace shell of the electric arc furnace body according to smoke components in the smelting process.
Preferably, the steelmaking method, step S1 includes:
The scrap steel material layer and the scrap steel conveying device are kept relatively static, and the moving speed of the scrap steel conveying device is matched with the melting process of a scrap steel material pile in a furnace, wherein the scrap steel material layers are arranged in layers according to the characteristics of the scrap steel, and the characteristics comprise the shape of the scrap steel, the size of the scrap steel and/or the weight of the scrap steel;
When the scrap steel layer rolls and falls to the horizontal connection trolley at the outlet of the scrap steel conveying device, the scrap steel with relatively low temperature is turned over to the surface layer, then the scrap steel falls into a molten pool of the electric arc furnace body from the horizontal connection trolley and then performs convection heat exchange with molten steel with relatively high temperature on the surface layer of the molten pool, and in the smelting process, the distribution of primary flue gas outflow flows of each air suction bellows is regulated, wherein the outflow flow distributed by the air suction bellows at the selected near-furnace side is smaller than the outflow flow distributed by the air suction bellows at the selected far-furnace side, so that the temperature of preheated flue gas is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the temperature for fully decomposing dioxin.
Preferably, the steelmaking method, step S2 includes:
When the rising height of a molten pool in the electric arc furnace body reaches a preset value and the temperature of the molten pool meets the smelting process requirement, the horizontal connecting trolley continuously feeds preheated scrap steel into the molten pool, the continuously fed scrap steel is further heated and melted in the molten pool, and the melting rate of the scrap steel is matched with the input power of an electric arc and the feeding rate of the scrap steel, wherein foam slag covers the molten pool in the whole melting process;
measuring the temperature and the composition of the molten steel when the weight of the molten steel in the molten pool reaches the preset steel retaining and tapping requirements, starting the tapping process when the temperature and the composition of the molten steel meet the tapping requirements, and stopping tapping when the tapping weight reaches the preset target value, wherein the molten steel and slag with preset proportions are retained in the molten pool.
The technical scheme has the following technical effects:
According to the technical scheme, the improved horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device is used for preheating scrap steel and conveying the scrap steel into the electric arc furnace for smelting, so that efficient preheating of the scrap steel before entering the electric arc furnace is achieved, the energy requirement of the electric arc furnace is reduced, meanwhile, heat loss and smoke leakage in the preheating process are effectively controlled through the closed preheating environment and the smoke management system of the horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device, the energy utilization rate is improved, the process arrangement is more optimized, and smoke generated in the preheating process is further processed through the settling chamber, so that the technical effects of energy conservation, consumption reduction, environmental protection and emission reduction are achieved.
In the embodiment, the high-efficiency heat exchange is realized by penetrating the waste steel layer through high-temperature flue gas, the suction air quantity of the air box is controlled in a partitioning way, so that when the average temperature of the waste steel at the near side of the furnace is higher, the air quantity distribution is smaller, and when the average temperature of the waste steel at the far side of the furnace is lower, the larger air quantity is distributed, thus ensuring the high level of the integral preheating efficiency, ensuring the suction air quantity controlled in a reasonable partition way to be close to the low temperature limit value of fully decomposing dioxin, avoiding the additional consumption of fuel to heat the preheated 'supercooled' flue gas, thereby maximizing the heat of the flue gas, and when the waste steel layer rolls down to a horizontal connection trolley at the end of the conveying device, the waste steel layer with lower temperature is turned over to the surface layer, thereby being beneficial to carrying out convection heat exchange with the molten steel with the higher temperature of the surface layer of the molten pool, and improving the melting efficiency of the waste steel.
In a further embodiment, the continuous supply of scrap is ensured by providing the scrap to the conveyor in the form of a disk crane or a scrap grab, etc., which ensures that the scrap is always maintained at a desired thickness, and the rate of feed of the scrap feeder is matched to the rate of feed of scrap into the electric arc furnace body, which helps to maintain the height of the scrap in the scrap conveyor within a predetermined range, wherein the bulk density of the scrap determines the feed frequency and thus the height of the scrap. The preset height of the scrap steel layer on the scrap steel conveying device can be effectively maintained, the scrap steel can be fully preheated before entering the electric arc furnace body, the melting efficiency of the scrap steel is improved, meanwhile, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a steelmaking arc furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a structure of a scrap conveying apparatus in a steelmaking arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
The electric arc furnace comprises an electric arc furnace body 1, a trolley 2, a trolley fume hood 3, a waste steel preheating channel fume hood 4, a dynamic sealing device 5, a waste steel feeding device 6, a waste steel layer 7, a waste steel conveying device 8, a waste steel conveying device driving wheel 9, an air pumping bellows 10, an 11 gas collecting branch pipe, a 12 gas collecting main pipe, a 13 primary flue, a 14 settling chamber, an a groove body, a b grate bar and a c gap.
Detailed Description
For further illustration of the various embodiments, the invention is provided with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments. With reference to these matters, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals are generally used to designate like components.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment one:
In order to achieve the dual effects of reducing the smelting energy consumption and improving the productivity, the embodiment provides a steelmaking arc furnace. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a structure of a steelmaking arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the steelmaking arc furnace comprises an arc furnace body 1 and a horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device, wherein:
The electric arc furnace body 1 is arranged at the outlet of the horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device and is used for receiving scrap steel from the horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device and smelting the received scrap steel to obtain molten steel and slag;
the horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device is used for preheating scrap steel received from the scrap steel feeding device and conveying the preheated scrap steel to the electric arc furnace body 1, wherein the horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device comprises a scrap steel conveying device 8, a horizontal connecting trolley 2, a horizontal connecting trolley smoke hood 3, a scrap steel preheating channel smoke hood 4, a dynamic sealing device 5, a gas collecting main 12, a primary flue 13 and a settling chamber 14;
a scrap conveying device 8 for receiving the scrap from the scrap charging device 6 and conveying the received scrap to the electric arc furnace body 1 through the horizontal connection cart 2;
The horizontal connection trolley smoke cover 3 is arranged above the horizontal connection trolley 2 and is used for providing a channel for the transportation of the effluent smoke of the electric arc furnace body 1 and the scrap steel and providing a closed environment for the process of preheating the scrap steel by the high-temperature smoke;
the dynamic sealing device 5 is connected with the scrap steel preheating passage smoke cover 4 and is used for providing a passage for transporting scrap steel, limiting the amount of cold air entering the passage and preventing smoke in the passage from escaping;
The waste steel preheating passage smoke hood 4 is respectively connected with the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood 3 and the dynamic sealing device 5, is positioned between the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood 3 and the dynamic sealing device 5, and is connected to the gas collecting main pipe 12 through a plurality of gas extraction bellows 10 and a plurality of gas collecting branch pipes 11 in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
a gas collecting main 12 connected to the plurality of gas collecting branch pipes 11 and the primary flue 13, respectively, and configured to collect and mix the flue gas of the plurality of gas collecting branch pipes 11;
a primary flue 13 arranged between the gas collecting main 12 and the settling chamber 14 for guiding the collected and mixed flue gas in the gas collecting main 13 to the settling chamber 14, and
And the sedimentation chamber 14 is connected with the primary flue 13 and is used for separating and sedimentation of dust particles meeting the preset size condition in the collected and mixed flue gas.
Preferably, the electric arc furnace body 1 comprises an electric arc furnace molten pool formed by molten steel and slag and serving as a place where scrap melting and steelmaking reactions are carried out, an electric arc furnace hearth formed by building refractory materials and defining the shape and size of the molten pool, such as the diameter and depth of a main melting zone molten pool, an electric arc furnace upper furnace shell which adopts a water-cooling structure and provides an open-pore passage for preheating scrap steel generated in the molten pool steelmaking reaction process and also provides an open-pore passage for installing furnace wall oxygen lances and carbon lances, an electric arc furnace cover which adopts a water-cooling structure and also provides passages for the up-and-down movement of electrodes, the discharge of flue gas in the furnace and the loading of bulk materials in the smelting process, thereby meeting smelting process requirements and providing a good workshop production environment, and a graphite electrode for introducing electric energy into the electric arc furnace and converting the electric energy into arc heat to heat the molten pool and melt the scrap steel.
Preferably, the horizontal connection trolley 2 adopts a sliding and sticking operation mode, scrap steel is conveyed into the electric arc furnace through horizontal displacement, and meanwhile, when the electric arc furnace body needs tilting slag/steel tapping, the electric arc furnace body can completely withdraw from the outer side of the upper furnace shell so as to avoid collision with the tilted upper furnace shell.
Preferably, the horizontal connection trolley smoke cover 3 adopts a water cooling structure, provides a channel for conveying effluent smoke and scrap steel of the electric arc furnace body, and also provides a closed environment for the process of preheating the scrap steel by high-temperature smoke. In a specific embodiment, the end of the horizontal connection trolley hood 3 near the furnace side is provided with a hydraulic movable hood so as to conveniently give out space for the rotation of the electric arc furnace cover, and meanwhile, the horizontal connection trolley hood 3 is also provided with a tipping type hydraulic mechanism, so that the horizontal connection trolley hood 3 can be integrally tipped off, and the inner side of the horizontal connection trolley hood 3 and the maintenance of the horizontal connection trolley 2 are facilitated.
Preferably, the scrap steel preheating passage smoke hood 4 adopts a lining refractory structure, provides a passage for the outflow smoke of the electric arc furnace body and the transportation of scrap steel, and also provides a closed environment for the process of preheating the scrap steel by high-temperature smoke. In a specific implementation, a plurality of groups of burners are arranged on the scrap steel preheating passage smoke cover 4 so as to enhance the scrap steel preheating effect.
Preferably, the dynamic sealing device 5 is located in the combined area of scrap steel feeding and preheating, provides a passage for scrap steel to enter the preheating area, and prevents cold air from entering the preheating area too much when the pressure in the scrap steel preheating passage 4 fluctuates, so as to weaken the preheating effect, and prevents high-temperature and high-dust smoke in the preheating passage from escaping into the factory space, so that the operation and the external environment are deteriorated. In a specific implementation, the dynamic sealing device 5 is connected with an exhaust pipeline, an exhaust fan is arranged on the exhaust pipeline, the exhaust fan is linked with a main fan of primary smoke of the electric arc furnace, and the tail end of the exhaust pipeline is integrated into a secondary smoke pipeline of a factory building.
Preferably, the scrap steel feeding device 6 adopts a structural form such as a magnetic disk crane or a steel grabbing machine, and the like, so as to continuously provide scrap steel for the scrap steel conveying device 8 for conveying the scrap steel.
Preferably, the scrap steel layer 6 formed by the scrap steel is fed to the scrap steel conveying device 8 through the scrap steel feeding device 6, and the conveyed scrap steel can be optimally arranged in a layered manner according to the characteristics (such as shape, size, weight and the like) of the incoming scrap steel, so as to realize the optimization of the preheating effect and the smelting process.
Preferably, the scrap steel conveying device 8 receives the scrap steel from the scrap steel feeding device 6, carries the scrap steel to horizontally move, continuously conveys the scrap steel to the horizontal connection trolley 2, and has the structure shown in fig. 2, wherein the structure comprises a groove body a, a grate bar b and a gap c, the groove body a and the grate bar b are made of high-temperature resistant metal, a plurality of groove bodies a are connected in series back and forth to form the scrap steel conveying device 8, and the gap c between the grate bars b is convenient for the flue gas penetrating through the scrap steel layer 6 to pass through and does not fall off the scrap steel.
Preferably, the scrap conveyor 8 is provided with a number of scrap conveyor drive wheels 9 for driving the scrap conveyor 8 to continuously supply scrap to the horizontal connecting trolley 2 while recycling the discharged scrap conveyor vat a back to the loading area.
Preferably, the scrap steel conveying device 8 can adopt a trolley type or chain plate type structure, the horizontal travelling speed of scrap steel is faster than that of a traditional horizontal feeding conveyor, so that the thickness of a material layer can be thinner, thereby obviously improving the preheating effect;
Preferably, a plurality of air extraction bellows 10 are arranged below the scrap steel preheating passage hood 4, and the plurality of air extraction bellows 10 are used for sucking the flue gas in the scrap steel preheating passage hood 4 to penetrate through the scrap steel layer 6, so that the heat exchange effect of the two is improved.
Preferably, a plurality of gas collecting branch pipes 11 are used for connecting the air extracting bellows 10 with the gas collecting main pipe 12, and the branch flue gas of each air extracting bellows 10 penetrating through the scrap steel layer 6 and being cooled is conveyed to the gas collecting main pipe 12.
Preferably, the gas collecting main pipe 12 is used for connecting the gas collecting branch pipe 11 with the primary flue 13, and collecting and mixing the branch flue gas of the gas collecting branch pipe 11.
Preferably, the primary flue 13 is used to connect the gas collecting main 12 with the settling chamber 14, and guide the primary flue gas in the gas collecting main 12 to the settling chamber 14.
Preferably, the front end of the settling chamber 14 is connected with the primary flue 13, and the rear end is connected with a pipeline of the dust remover, so as to separate and settle coarse dust particles in the flue gas, lighten the burden of the rear pipeline and the dust remover, and simultaneously burn off unburned components contained in the flue gas.
Preferably, the steelmaking arc furnace is further provided with a transformer chamber, a high-pressure chamber and a hydraulic chamber.
Embodiment two:
The present invention also provides a steelmaking process using a steelmaking electric arc furnace as hereinbefore described, the process of this embodiment comprising:
Step S1, preheating scrap steel through a horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device and conveying the scrap steel to an electric arc furnace body:
and S2, smelting the scrap steel through an electric arc furnace body to obtain molten steel and slag.
In the concrete implementation, before the first furnace is smelted, a hydraulic movable cover horizontally connected with the front end of a trolley smoke cover is retreated to a furnace cover opening position, a space required by opening a furnace cover is reserved for an electric arc furnace body, then the furnace cover of the electric arc furnace body is opened, a basket filled with waste steel with specified weight is moved to be right above the electric arc furnace body by a crane, the bottom of the basket is opened after the basket is lowered to a certain height to enable the waste steel to fall into the electric arc furnace, the basket is lifted and moved away, the furnace cover is closed, the hydraulic movable cover horizontally connected with the front end of the trolley smoke cover is moved to a smelting position, and a gap between the hydraulic movable cover and an upper furnace shell is adjusted according to smoke components in the smelting process, so that sufficient air is sucked for secondary combustion of combustible components in smoke, excessive air is not sucked, and the preheating effect is weakened;
Then, the scrap steel feeding device provides scrap steel for the scrap steel conveying device positioned in the feeding area, and simultaneously the scrap steel conveying device carries the scrap steel layer added on the scrap steel conveying device to continuously horizontally travel towards the direction of the electric arc furnace body, the scrap steel layer and the scrap steel conveying device are kept relatively static, and the moving speed of the scrap steel conveying device is matched with the melting process of a scrap steel stack in the furnace so as to realize the optimized scrap steel preheating effect;
At the same time, after the graphite electrode of the electric arc furnace body is powered and descends by a certain height, the graphite electrode contacts a scrap steel stack in the electric arc furnace, the graphite electrode continuously moves downwards to penetrate a well after the arcing is completed, and the power supply is increased to start a main melting period after the well penetrates to a certain depth;
In the process of the main melting period, when an obvious molten pool appears in a hearth, an oxygen gun and a carbon gun of a furnace wall are opened, and a proper amount of slag-making flux is thrown according to the melting process, oxygen blowing and carbon spraying are started to the molten pool to produce foam slag;
Continuously rising the liquid level of a molten pool in a hearth along with the melting of the scrap steel, and continuously feeding the preheated scrap steel into the molten pool of an electric arc furnace by a horizontal connection trolley when the rising height reaches a certain value and the temperature of the molten pool meets the smelting process requirement;
Measuring the temperature and the components of the molten steel when the weight of the molten steel in the molten pool reaches the requirements of steel retention and tapping, and starting the tapping process when the temperature and the components meet the requirements of tapping;
in the following smelting cycle, the scrap steel is not added into the electric arc furnace by opening a furnace cover, and all the scrap steel enters the electric arc furnace after being preheated by a scrap steel conveying device, preferably, the feeding speed of the scrap steel feeding device is matched with the feeding speed of the scrap steel, and the scrap steel layer is maintained at a certain preset height, so that the proper resistance of flue gas penetrating through the scrap steel layer in the conveying device and good scrap steel preheating effect are realized, wherein the feeding frequency of the scrap steel feeding device depends on the bulk density of scrap steel incoming materials.
Preferably, the suction air quantity of the air suction bellows is controlled in a partitioning manner, the suction air quantity distribution is relatively smaller when the average temperature of the waste steel on the near furnace side is high, the suction air quantity distribution is relatively larger when the average temperature of the waste steel on the far furnace side is low, the total preheating efficiency is maintained at a high level, and the suction air quantity of the air suction bellows is controlled in a partitioning manner, so that the temperature of the preheated flue gas is just near the low limit value for fully decomposing dioxin, and the extra consumption of fuel for heating the supercooled flue gas preheated by the waste steel is avoided, and the extreme utilization of the heat of the flue gas is realized.
According to the steelmaking method, high-temperature flue gas penetrates through the scrap steel layer, heat exchange is sufficient, the preheating temperature is high, the expected temperature can reach 300-500 ℃ according to the calculated average temperature, the expected temperature is different according to the feeding conditions of scrap steel, when the scrap steel layer rolls over and falls to a horizontal connection trolley at the outlet of a scrap steel conveying device, the scrap steel with relatively low temperature is turned to the surface layer, then the horizontal connection trolley falls into a molten pool of an electric arc furnace body, and then convection heat exchange is carried out between the scrap steel and molten steel with relatively high temperature on the surface layer of the molten pool, so that the scrap steel melting efficiency is improved.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A steelmaking electric arc furnace is characterized by comprising an electric arc furnace body and a horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device, wherein:
the electric arc furnace body is arranged at the outlet of the horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device and is used for receiving scrap steel from the horizontal scrap conveying and preheating device and smelting the received scrap steel to obtain molten steel and slag;
The horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device is used for preheating the scrap steel received from the scrap steel feeding device and conveying the preheated scrap steel to the electric arc furnace body, wherein the horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device comprises a scrap steel conveying device, a horizontal connecting trolley smoke hood, a scrap steel preheating channel smoke hood, a dynamic sealing device, a gas collecting main pipe, a primary flue and a settling chamber;
the scrap steel conveying device is used for receiving scrap steel from the scrap steel feeding device and conveying the received scrap steel to the electric arc furnace body through the horizontal connection trolley;
The horizontal connection trolley smoke cover is arranged above the horizontal connection trolley and is used for providing a channel for the outflow smoke of the electric arc furnace body and the transportation of the scrap steel and providing a closed environment for the process of preheating the scrap steel by high-temperature smoke;
The dynamic sealing device is connected with the scrap steel preheating channel smoke hood and is used for providing a channel for transporting scrap steel, limiting the amount of cold air entering the channel and preventing smoke in the channel from escaping;
The waste steel preheating channel smoke hood is respectively connected with the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood and the dynamic sealing device, is positioned between the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood and the dynamic sealing device, and is connected to the gas collecting main pipe in a one-to-one correspondence manner through a plurality of gas extraction bellows and a plurality of gas collecting branch pipes;
The gas collecting main pipe is respectively connected with the plurality of gas collecting branch pipes and the primary flue and is used for collecting and mixing the flue gas of the plurality of gas collecting branch pipes;
The primary flue is arranged between the gas collecting main pipe and the settling chamber and used for guiding the collected and mixed flue gas in the gas collecting main pipe to the settling chamber, and
The sedimentation chamber is connected with the primary flue and is used for separating and sedimentation of dust particles meeting the preset size condition in the collected and mixed flue gas.
2. The steelmaking arc furnace as defined in claim 1 wherein said horizontal scrap conveying and preheating means further comprises:
The scrap steel feeding device is used for conveying the scrap steel to the scrap steel conveying device to obtain a scrap steel layer;
The steel scrap conveying device is used for conveying the steel scrap to the horizontal connection trolley smoke hood;
the exhaust bellows are positioned at the bottom of the waste steel preheating passage smoke hood and are used for sucking the smoke in the waste steel preheating passage smoke hood to penetrate through the waste steel material layer;
The plurality of gas collecting branch pipes are connected in one-to-one correspondence, are connected with the gas collecting main pipe and are used for conveying the flue gas to the gas collecting main pipe.
3. The steelmaking arc furnace as defined in claim 1 wherein said horizontal connecting carriage is adapted to carry said scrap horizontally into said furnace body in a slimy-stick operation and to withdraw fully out of said furnace body's upper shell when tilting tapping or tapping of said furnace body is desired;
The horizontal connection trolley smoke hood adopts a water cooling structure;
The tail end of the horizontal connection trolley smoke cover near the furnace side is provided with a hydraulic movable cover and/or,
The horizontal connection trolley smoke hood is provided with a tipping type hydraulic structure.
4. The steel-making electric arc furnace of claim 1 wherein the scrap steel preheating passage enclosure is of a lining refractory construction and a plurality of groups of burners are provided on the scrap steel preheating passage enclosure.
5. The steelmaking arc furnace as defined in claim 1 wherein said dynamic seal means is connected to an exhaust duct and an exhaust fan is provided on said exhaust duct, said exhaust fan being in linkage with a main fan of primary flue gas of said furnace body, the end of said exhaust duct incorporating a secondary flue gas duct.
6. The steelmaking electric arc furnace as set forth in claim 2 wherein said scrap charging means is in the form of a disk crane or a steel grasping machine;
The scrap steel conveying device consists of a groove body and a grate bar, wherein the groove body and the grate bar are made of preset high-temperature resistant metal materials, and the scrap steel conveying device is formed by connecting a plurality of groove bodies in series front and back.
7. A steelmaking process for an electric arc furnace, suitable for use in a steelmaking electric arc furnace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, said process comprising:
Step S1, preheating scrap steel through a horizontal scrap steel conveying and preheating device and conveying the scrap steel to an electric arc furnace body:
And S2, smelting the scrap steel through the electric arc furnace body to obtain molten steel and slag.
8. The steelmaking method as defined in claim 7, further comprising:
when the first furnace is used for smelting, a furnace cover of the electric arc furnace body is opened, scrap steel with specified weight is added into the electric arc furnace body through the furnace cover by using a crane and a basket filled with the scrap steel, and then the furnace cover is closed;
Before the first furnace is smelted, a hydraulic movable cover horizontally connected with the front end of the trolley smoke cover is retracted to a position where the furnace cover can be opened, when the furnace cover is closed, the hydraulic movable cover is advanced to a preset position, and in the smelting process, the hydraulic movable cover adjusts a gap between the hydraulic movable cover and an upper furnace shell of the electric arc furnace body according to smoke components in the smelting process.
9. The steelmaking method as claimed in claim 7, wherein step S1 comprises:
The scrap steel material layer and the scrap steel conveying device are kept relatively static, and the moving speed of the scrap steel conveying device is matched with the melting process of a scrap steel material pile in a furnace, wherein the scrap steel material layers are arranged in layers according to the characteristics of the scrap steel, and the characteristics comprise the shape of the scrap steel, the size of the scrap steel and/or the weight of the scrap steel;
When the scrap steel layer rolls and falls to the horizontal connection trolley at the outlet of the scrap steel conveying device, the scrap steel with relatively low temperature is turned over to the surface layer, then the scrap steel falls into a molten pool of the electric arc furnace body from the horizontal connection trolley and then performs convection heat exchange with molten steel with relatively high temperature on the surface layer of the molten pool, and in the smelting process, the distribution of primary flue gas outflow flows of each air suction bellows is regulated, wherein the outflow flow distributed by the air suction bellows at the selected near-furnace side is smaller than the outflow flow distributed by the air suction bellows at the selected far-furnace side, so that the temperature of preheated flue gas is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the temperature for fully decomposing dioxin.
10. The steelmaking method as claimed in claim 7, wherein step S2 comprises:
When the rising height of a molten pool in the electric arc furnace body reaches a preset value and the temperature of the molten pool meets the smelting process requirement, the horizontal connecting trolley continuously feeds preheated scrap steel into the molten pool, the continuously fed scrap steel is further heated and melted in the molten pool, and the melting rate of the scrap steel is matched with the input power of an electric arc and the feeding rate of the scrap steel, wherein foam slag covers the molten pool in the whole melting process;
measuring the temperature and the composition of the molten steel when the weight of the molten steel in the molten pool reaches the preset steel retaining and tapping requirements, starting the tapping process when the temperature and the composition of the molten steel meet the tapping requirements, and stopping tapping when the tapping weight reaches the preset target value, wherein the molten steel and slag with preset proportions are retained in the molten pool.
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| CN202411328916.XA CN119162405A (en) | 2024-09-23 | 2024-09-23 | Steelmaking electric arc furnace and steelmaking method thereof |
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| CN202411328916.XA CN119162405A (en) | 2024-09-23 | 2024-09-23 | Steelmaking electric arc furnace and steelmaking method thereof |
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