CN119161329A - 一种新型靶向近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种新型靶向近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型靶向近红外荧光探针NFA‑NIR‑Cys及其制备方法与应用。上述近红外荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)以氟尼酸,1‑(3‑二甲氨基丙基)‑3‑乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐,4‑二甲氨基吡啶和化合物1为原料制备化合物2;(2)以化合物3,N,N‑二异丙基乙胺和丙烯酰氯为原料制备化合物4;(3)以1,1,2‑三甲基‑1H‑苯并[e]吲哚、对甲苯磺酸丙炔酯和化合物4为原料制备化合物5;(4)以化合物5、化合物2和碘化亚铜为原料制得近红外荧光探针NFA‑NIR‑Cys。本发明的制备方法简单,产率高,制得的近红外荧光探针响应快速,检测范围宽,灵敏度高,可应用于检测细胞内Cys的表达。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成与分析检测技术领域,具体涉及一种新型靶向近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
癌症作为主要的公共卫生问题之一,已经严重威胁着人类的健康。早期发现和及时治疗癌症是迫切需要的。肿瘤标记物是一种由肿瘤细胞直接产生或由非肿瘤细胞通过肿瘤细胞诱导的一种特征性物质。生物硫醇不仅参与生理过程的调节,而且被认为是肿瘤的标志物。将肿瘤标记物用于早期癌症筛查具有实际意义。
半胱氨酸(cysteine,Cys)属于生物系统中的活性硫醇,是生物体生长过程中的一种常见氨基酸,它的分子结构包含一个巯基,能够参与到许多生理和病理变化中。半胱氨酸既可以维持体内的氧化还原的稳定,还可以调节细胞活性。活细胞中半胱氨酸水平紊乱可导致一系列疾病,如皮肤损伤、肝损伤、水肿、嗜睡、心血管疾病和生长迟缓。与传统的检测方法相比,荧光探针具有优良的生物相容性和较高的时空分辨率,主要由荧光团和识别基团组成,已被认为是一种用于生物硫醇的新型检测工具。鉴于Cys在生理活动中的重要性,开发用于Cys检测的荧光探针一直是研究者关注的重点。
环氧合酶(cyclooxygenase,COX)或前列腺素内过氧化物合酶(前列腺素H合酶)是由花生四烯酸合成前列腺素的重要酶。COX见于内质网的管腔侧和核膜,而且存在于至少2种亚型中,即COX-1和COX-2。正常细胞中COX-2的表达水平很低,但COX-2可以被炎症刺激及细胞因子和肿瘤生长因子诱导。COX-2在大量的人类肿瘤(原发和转移)或癌细胞中表达,这些细胞可能在癌症进展中发挥作用,如增加癌细胞的增殖、细胞存活和肿瘤侵袭。COX-2可以作为几种抗癌和非甾体抗炎药化合物的靶点,这些化合物被广泛用于抗炎目的。吲哚美辛(indomethacin,IMC)是一种非甾体抗炎药,被归类为非选择性COX-2抑制剂,因为它也可以干扰COX-1调节的稳态功能,IMC在COX-2上的结合通过可逆的竞争抑制发生。然而,当优化分子设计将IMC与荧光染料进行偶联时,可以显著提高它对COX-2的选择性。最近,一些荧光团连接的IMC被报道为COX-2靶点。
目前已经开发了一些特异性Cys或COX-2检测荧光探针,例如一种基于查尔酮荧光染料,用于检测溶酶体中Cys的荧光探针。该探针将吗啉与查尔酮荧光团结合,使其能够靶向溶酶体。该探针在400nm激发下,加入Cys后,在568nm的荧光显著增强,而且出现较大的斯托克斯位移(168nm),颜色由浅黄色变为肉眼可见的亮黄色。一种基于香豆素靶向COX-2的荧光探针,该探针含有二乙基氨基取代基产生电子效应,当探针在375nm处被激发时,发生分子内电荷转移(intramolecular charge transfer,ICT),引起苯环的干涉直线,通过对电子电荷的“推拉”效应形成共振状态。通过采用荧光偏振法测定其解离常数(Kd)的亲和度,发现探针与COX-2有较强的结合亲和力(Kd=0.007nmol/L)。通过研究探针对过表达COX-2的癌细胞的特异性,测定时间依赖性的细胞摄取,随着时间的增加,蓝色荧光信号增强,癌细胞的荧光强度比正常细胞高,可以区分两种细胞。此外,在正常细胞中通过脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharides,LPS)诱导提高COX-2表达后,细胞内荧光更亮,说明该化合物可能是监测细胞炎症的有用探针,对药物开发有用。
但这些探针大多数的发射波长较短(<550nm),不利于生命系统的荧光成像,而且靶向性不好。近红外荧光探针,与传统的荧光探针相比,它具有更高的信噪比、更深的组织穿透力、更高的空间分辨率和实时可视性等优点。半菁染料作为花菁染料的不对称类似物,具有长波长和优异的成像能力,已成为一种潜在的荧光团。此外,用于特异性识别和检测细胞器的靶向探针仍是研究热点。因此,开发能够区分Cys,同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)并特异性检测它们的靶向探针的需求很高,具有实际应用前景。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的是提供一种新型靶向近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys及其制备方法与应用,以解决现有探针发射波长较短,灵敏性不足,靶向性差的问题。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:
提供一种红外荧光探针,结构式如下:
上述荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)化合物2的合成:将氟尼酸(niflumic acid,NFA),1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbonyldiimide,EDCI),4-二甲氨基吡啶(4-dimethylaminopyridine,DMAP)和化合物1溶解于溶剂中,搅拌,制得化合物2;
(2)化合物4的合成:在稀有气体的保护下,将化合物3和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(N,N-Diisopropylethylamine,DIPEA)溶解于溶剂中,搅拌,加入丙烯酰氯,再搅拌,制得化合物4;
(3)化合物5的合成:将1,1,2-三甲基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚和对甲苯磺酸丙炔酯混合反应,反应结束后加入乙酸酐和化合物4,滴加哌啶,继续反应,制得化合物5;
(4)近红外荧光分子探针NFA-NIR-Cys的合成:将化合物5,化合物2和碘化亚铜溶解于溶剂中,进行反应,制得;
上述制备方法的化学反应式如下:
进一步地,上述溶剂包括:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(N,N-Dimethylformamide,DMF)。
进一步地,步骤(1)中NFA,EDCI,DMAP和化合物1的摩尔质量比为1:2~4:0.5~1.5:0.5~1.5。
进一步地,步骤(2)中化合物3,DIPEA和丙烯酰氯的摩尔质量比为1:0.5~1.5:1.5~2.5。
进一步地,步骤(3)中1,1,2-三甲基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚,对甲苯磺酸丙炔酯和化合物4的摩尔质量比为1:2~3:0.5~1.5。
进一步地,步骤(4)化合物5,化合物2和碘化亚铜的摩尔质量比为1:2~4:1~3。
进一步地,步骤(1)搅拌温度为20~25℃,时间为10~15h。
进一步地,步骤(2)中搅拌温度为-2~4℃,时间为20~40min。
进一步地,步骤(2)中再搅拌温度为20~25℃,时间为8~12h。
进一步地,步骤(3)中混合反应温度为40~60℃,时间为10~15h。
进一步地,步骤(3)中继续反应温度为50~70℃,时间为1~3h。
进一步地,步骤(4)中反应温度为20~25℃,时间为8~12h。
上述近红外荧光探针在靶向癌细胞成像试剂中的应用。
一种靶向癌细胞荧光探针试剂盒,包括权利要求1所述近红外荧光探针。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制得的近红外荧光探针响应快速,检测范围宽,灵敏度高,可应用于检测细胞内内源性和外源性的Cys变化,可以有效地将过表达COX-2的癌细胞与正常细胞区分开来。
(2)本发明具有近红外荧光发射,可有效避免自吸收与生物背景荧光的干扰,可避免由于探针使用浓度、探针分布不均等导致的误差。
(3)本发明的制备方法简单,原料便宜易得,合成工艺简单,产率高,适合规模化生产以及推广运用。
附图说明
图1为实施例2在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,0~200μmol/L Cys与10μmol/L探针NFA-NIR-Cys反应的吸收光谱图;
图2为实施例3在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,0~200μmol/L Cys与10μmol/L探针NFA-NIR-Cys的荧光响应图;
图3为实施例4在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,10μmol/L探针NFA-NIR-Cys与200μmol/L不同的分析物反应的吸收光谱图;
图4为实施例5在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,探针NFA-NIR-Cys与不同的分析物反应的荧光发射图;
图5为实施例5在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,探针NFA-NIR-Cys与不同的分析物的荧光响应图;
图6为实施例6探针NFA-NIR-Cys在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,分别加入不同分析物,然后再加入Cys,在723nm处的荧光响应图,其中,柱状图左侧为未添加Cys的实验组,右侧为添加Cys的实验组;
图7为实施例7探针NFA-NIR-Cys分别与0μmol/L、100μmol/L、150μmol/L、200μmol/L的Cys溶液的荧光强度与时间的变化图,其中曲线由上至下依次为0μmol/L、100μmol/L、150μmol/L、200μmol/L的Cys溶液;
图8为实施例8在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,不同的pH值范围,探针不含Cys或含Cys在723nm处的荧光强度图;
图9为实施例8在PBS-CH3CN缓冲体系下,探针LY-Cys在723nm处的荧光强度与Cys浓度的线性相关关系图;
图10为实施例9探针NFA-NIR-Cys与Cys之间的响应机理图;
图11为实施例9探针NFA-NIR-Cys与Cys反应后的高分辨质谱图;
图12为实施例10 CCK-8法测探针NFA-NIR-Cys在ID8细胞中的活性图;
图13为实施例11探针NFA-NIR-Cys与不同的细胞孵育30min后的共聚焦荧光成像图;
图14为实施例11探针NFA-NIR-Cys与不同的细胞孵育30min后的荧光强度对比图;
图15为实施例11先在ID8细胞中分别加入250μmol/L的Cys,GSH,Hcy孵育30min,再加入探针NFA-NIR-Cys孵育30min的共聚焦荧光成像图;
图16为实施例11先在ID8细胞中分别加入250μmol/L的Cys,GSH,Hcy,孵育30min,再加入探针NFA-NIR-Cys孵育30min的荧光强度对比图;
图17为实施例11先在ID8细胞中分别加入N-乙基马来酰亚胺(N-Ethylmaleimide,NEM),NEM+Cys孵育30min,再加入探针NFA-NIR-Cys孵育30min的共聚焦荧光成像图;
图18为实施例11先在ID8细胞中分别加入NEM,NEM+Cys孵育30min,再加入探针NFA-NIR-Cys孵育30min的荧光强度对比图;
图19为实施例11先在ID8细胞中分别加入NFA,IMC孵育30min,再加入探针NFA-NIR-Cys孵育30min的共聚焦荧光成像图;
图20为实施例11先在ID8细胞中分别加入NFA,IMC孵育30min,再加入探针NFA-NIR-Cys孵育30min的荧光强度对比图。
具体实施方式
以下所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1:
一种近红外荧光探针的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)化合物1合成方法参照Emilie M,Anne-Sophie B,Elodie Q,etal.Intracellular location matters:rationalization of the anti-inflammatoryactivity of a manganese(II)superoxide dismutase mimic complex[J].ChemComm,2020,56:7885-7888。
化合物3合成方法参照文献Yu Chen,Yumin Wang,Xianghua Wu,etal.Discriminative detection of cysteine/homocysteine and glutathione in HeLacells by dual-channel fluorescent probe[J].Dyes and Pigments,2021,186:109015。
(2)化合物2的合成:将NFA(2.56g,9.08mmol),EDCI(5.22g,27.24mmol),DMAP(1.10g,9.08mmol)和化合物1(2.5mL,9.08mmol)溶解于50mL DMF中,室温下搅拌12h。用饱和氯化钠溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取3次,用无水Na2SO4将有机溶剂干燥,柱层析分离,柱层析条件为石油醚和二氯甲烷的体积比为1:1,制得无色油化合物2,产率为40%。化合物2的核磁检测结果:1H NMR(500MHz,MeOD)δ8.34-8.31(m,1H),8.24-8.17(m,2H),7.74(dd,J=8.2,1.7Hz,1H),7.41(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.78(dd,J=7.8,4.8Hz,1H),4.26(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),3.26(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.78-1.70(m,2H),1.61-1.54(m,2H),1.47-1.39(m,4H)。
(3)化合物4的合成:在氩气保护下,将化合物3(0.114g,0.5mmol)和DIPEA(0.1mL,0.5mmol)溶解于10mL二氯甲烷溶液中,在0℃下搅拌30min,然后加入丙烯酰氯(0.15mL,1mmol),在室温下搅拌10h。反应结束后,用饱和氯化钠溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取3次,用无水Na2SO4将有机溶剂干燥,柱层析分离,柱层析条件为石油醚和二氯甲烷的体积比为1:1,制得黄色固体化合物4,产率为20%。化合物4的核磁检测结果:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.34(s,1H),7.20(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.99(s,1H),6.91(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.72-6.61(m,2H),6.34(dd,J=17.3,10.5Hz,1H),6.08(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),2.66-2.57(m,2H),2.47(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),1.79-1.72(m,2H)。
(4)化合物5的合成:将1,1,2-三甲基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚(210mg,1mmol)和对甲苯磺酸丙炔酯(0.4mL,2.3mmol)混合物在50℃下反应12h,将其冷却至室温后,向其反应中加入10mL乙酸酐和化合物4(0.268g,0.9mmol),缓慢滴加0.5mL哌啶,60℃下反应2h。用乙醚与饱和氯化钠溶液提取有机层,用无水Na2SO4进行干燥,过滤,柱层析分离,柱层析条件为石油醚和二氯甲烷的体积比为1:1,制得深蓝色固体化合物5,产率为75%。化合物5的核磁检测结果:1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.80(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.05(dd,J=16.0,8.1Hz,2H),7.79(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.60(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),7.15-7.05(m,2H),6.97(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.72(d,J=17.3Hz,1H),6.40(dd,J=17.1,10.4Hz,1H),6.16(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),5.85(s,2H),2.93(s,2H),2.76(s,2H),2.49(s,1H),1.98(s,2H),1.78(s,6H).13C-NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6):δ=179.67,163.88,160.22,152.77,152.36,145.79,138.43,135.85,134.64,132.50,132.11,130.89,130.79,130.18,129.98,128.67,128.28,127.36,127.08,126.40,122.61,119.81,119.64,115.10,112.50,109.99,105.33,77.61,76.21,52.43,35.80,28.67,27.12,23.67,19.85。
(5)近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys的合成:将化合物5(0.09g,0.175mmol)、化合物2(0.215g,0.525mmol)和碘化亚铜(0.0669g,0.35mmol)溶解于10mL DMF中,室温下反应10h后,用饱和氯化钠溶液和乙酸乙酯萃取3次,用无水Na2SO4将有机溶剂干燥,柱层析分离,柱层析条件为二氯甲烷和甲醇的体积比为20:1,制得深蓝色固体近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys,产率为25%。近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys的核磁检测结果:1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ10.40(s,1H),9.11(s,1H),8.79(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),8.41(dd,J=4.7,1.8Hz,1H),8.34(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.26(dd,J=7.8,1.9Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.02(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.66(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.57(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.50-7.30(m,3H),7.23-7.19(m,1H),7.15(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.05(dd,J=8.4,2.1Hz,1H),7.00(s,1H),6.82(dd,J=7.8,4.7Hz,1H),6.71(d,J=17.8Hz,1H),6.39(dd,J=17.3,10.5Hz,1H),6.28(s,2H),6.15(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.41(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.31(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.90(s,2H),2.72(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),1.98(d,J=7.8Hz,6H),1.77(dd,J=14.5,6.8Hz,6H),1.52-1.46(m,2H),1.42(s,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ180.34,167.39,163.85,159.10,155.63,152.98,152.83,152.34,145.57,140.35,140.15,139.80,139.18,135.89,133.72,133.14,131.59,131.10,130.84,130.32,130.27,129.98,129.09,127.88,127.81,127.35,127.25,126.27,125.62,123.34,122.11,119.67,118.73,116.91,115.60,114.11,113.34,109.31,107.56,107.05,65.19,52.66,50.28,41.98,29.99,29.53,28.34,27.67,26.09,25.42,24.39,20.19[M+]:calcd for[C54H50FN6O5 +]:919.3789;found919.3800。
实施例2:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys的荧光滴定实验
为了研究近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的响应,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,评估了10μmol/L探针NFA-NIR-Cys在Cys存在或不存在情况下缓冲体系为CH3CN/PBS=4/6(0.01mol/L,pH=7.4)中的紫外吸收情况。
实验结果如图1所示探针NFA-NIR-Cys在620nm出现了一个紫外吸收峰,在660nm左右出现一个肩峰。当Cys浓度的增大,在620nm处原来的吸收峰降低,660nm处的吸收峰发生红移,表面明了探针对Cys有响应,当加到200μmol/L Cys达到最大吸收峰。在随着Cys的浓度增加的过程中,在640nm处出现一个等吸收点,表明了Cys与探针之间发生了亲核攻击,Cys释放内在的近红外荧光染料恢复ICT结构,Cys与吸收光谱表现出良好的线性关系。
实施例3:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys的紫外滴定实验
为了研究NFA-NIR-Cys在650nm激发下检测Cys的灵敏度,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,进行了一系列的荧光滴定实验。将探针NFA-NIR-Cys在CH3CN/PBS=4/6(0.01mol/L,pH=7.4)体系中,加入不同浓度的Cys反应15min后记录荧光数据。
实验结果如图2所示,探针NFA-NIR-Cys当不加入Cys时几乎没有观察到荧光信号,随着加入Cys的量增加,在723nm处的发射峰增大,当加入的Cys为200μmol/L时荧光发射强度达到最大值,在Cys变化过程中,荧光强度在723nm处增加了近30倍。
实施例4:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys的紫外选择实验
为了研究探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的选择性,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,将探针与不同的氨基酸(Blank,Val,Arg,Lys,His,Pro,Leu,Glu,Thr,Asp,Gly,Tyr,Iso,Met,Phe,Ser,Ala,GSH,Hcy,Cys)在CH3CN/PBS=4/6(0.01mol/L,pH=7.4)体系中,都反应15min后记录吸收情况。
实验结果如图3所示,加入Val,Arg,Lys,His,Pro,Leu,Glu,Thr,Asp,Gly,Tyr,Iso,Met,Phe,Ser,Ala等氨基酸没有出现一个红移的吸收峰,加入GSH,Hcy两种氨基酸后,出现一个微小的吸收峰,当加入Cys后才会有明显的变化,产生一个大的红移的吸收峰,说明探针对Cys的选择性良好,可以特异性的检测Cys。
实施例5:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys的荧光选择实验
为了研究探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的选择性,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,通过测试探针与不同氨基酸(Blank,Val,Arg,Lys,His,Pro,Leu,Glu,Thr,Asp,Gly,Tyr,Iso,Met,Phe,Ser,Ala,GSH,Hcy,Cys)在CH3CN/PBS=4/6(0.01mol/L,pH=7.4)体系中的荧光变化,加入不同的氨基酸200μmol/L反应15min。
实验结果如图4所示,加入Val,Arg,Lys,His,Pro,Leu,Glu,Thr,Asp,Gly,Tyr,Iso,Met,Phe,Ser,Ala等氨基酸荧光信号没有明显的变化,加入GSH,Hcy两种氨基酸的荧光强度增加较小,只有当加入200μmol/LCys后,荧光强度显著增强,说明探针对Cys敏感,可以区分Cys,Hcy,GSH和其他氨基酸。为了考虑到实验的误差性,对选择性实验进行了三次重复性实验,计算误差结果分析,如图5所示,重复性实验也证明了该探针对Cys敏感,可以区分Cys,Hcy,GSH和其他氨基酸。
实施例6:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys的抗干扰实验
为了进一步研究探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的高选择性,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,进行竞争实验。将探针NFA-NIR-Cys 10μmol/L与不同的氨基酸(Blank,Val,Arg,Lys,His,Pro,Leu,Glu,Thr,Asp,Gly,Tyr,Iso,Met,Phe,Ser,Ala,GSH,Hcy,Cys)在CH3CN/PBS=4/6(0.01mol/L,pH=7.4)体系中,反应15min后测试其荧光。
实验结果如图6所示,在检测对象不添加Cys时,检测结果在723nm处没有发生显著的荧光强度变化,将Cys进一步添加到含有各种其他氨基酸的探针溶液中时,在723nm处每个样品都产生了明显的荧光信号。这些结果说明了,该探针在Cys识别中具有较强的抵抗其他氨基酸干扰的能力。
实施例7:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的时间响应研究
为了进一步研究探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的反应速率,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,监测了探针在Cys为0μmol/L,100μmol/L,150μmol/L,200μmol/L中在30min范围内的荧光强度变化。
实验结果如图7所示,在没有添加Cys的情况下,随着时间变化,荧光强度不会发生变化。当加入Cys后,NFA-NIR-Cys的荧光强度在15min内迅速增加,30min后稳定,说明NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys能快速反应。
实施例8:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的检测限研究
为了检测NFA-NIR-Cys在650nm激发下对Cys的敏感性,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,将探针5μmol/L在CH3CN/PBS=4/6(0.01mol/L,pH=7.4)体系中,进行几组平行实验,计算出标准偏差。再进行测试Cys为0-40μmol/L之间的荧光强度,收集其荧光数据进行作图分析。
实验结果如图8和图9所示,在Cys浓度为0-40μmol时,荧光强度与Cys浓度呈良好的线性相关(R2=0.9907)。根据公式LOD=3S/K(S表示空白溶液的标准差,K表示线性回归的斜率),该探针对Cys的检测结果为0.218μmol/L,根据分析相关数据,结果表明该探针对Cys的灵敏度较高,有利于其实际应用。
实施例9:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的反应机理验证实验
根据已经报道的文献将丙烯酸酯作为识别基团的识别机理,加入Cys后探针NFA-NIR-Cys的识别机理如图10所示。丙烯酯部分会与半胱氨酸进行加成反应,然后氨基攻击酯碳基形成七元环内酰胺,丙烯酯部分离去,ICT效应恢复,释放出羟基部分,产生强烈的荧光信号。为了证明探针的识别机理,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,采用高分辨质谱对NFA-NIR-Cys探针和Cys反应后的混合物进行分析。
实验结果如图11所示,向探针中加入10当量的Cys后,在质谱图中观察到在m/z=865.3702和1040.4007的两个峰,经过分析数据发现这两个质谱峰分别是反应后的荧光团产物和中间产物,初步证明了探针与Cys反应后的产物与预期的结果是一致的。
实施例10:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的细胞毒性实验
为了探究探针NFA-NIR-Cys是否可以用于细胞或者活体成像,在生物系统当中的荧光探针的生物相容性良好,对细胞不会产生大的毒性。对此,以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,进行了CCK-8实验法评估探针的细胞毒性。选择ID8细胞进行实验研究,ID8细胞在不同含量的NFA-NIR-Cys中培养24h。
实验结果如图12所示,随着增加探针NFA-NIR-Cys的浓度,ID8细胞的相对细胞活力略有降低,但是细胞存活率也是高达90%以上。说明NFA-NIR-Cys的细胞毒性较小,可用于细胞内Cys的成像。
实施例11:近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys对Cys的细胞成像实验
(1)为了评估探针对正常细胞与癌细胞的选择性,选择3种正常细胞GES-1(人胃上皮细胞);RAW264.7(白血病细胞);HIBEC(人胆管上皮细胞)和3种癌细胞ID8(卵巢癌);T98(人胶质瘤细胞);9L(胶质瘤细胞),以实施例1制得的NFA-NIR-Cys为试验对象,进行细胞荧光成像实验,将1μmol/L的探针溶液与细胞孵育30min,然后使用红光通道照射。
实验结果如图13、14所示,正常细胞在30min后,通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察到微弱的荧光信号。相比之下,所分析的癌细胞都发出明亮的红色荧光(A-B)。分析这些数据,得出探针NFA-NIR-Cys可以区别正常细胞与癌细胞,对癌细胞具有良好的选择性。图14是探针NFA-NIR-Cys与不同的细胞孵育30min后的荧光强度对比图,便于更直观的了解荧光强度的不同。
(2)为了评估探针NFA-NIR-Cys是否可以选择性的识别细胞内的Cys表达,选择ID8细胞分别加入250μmol/L的Cys、GSH与Hcy孵育30min,再将1μmol/L探针NFA-NIR-Cys与上述ID8细胞孵育30min后,通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜进行观察,用来分析生物硫醇对细胞的诱导。
实验结果如图15、16所示,探针NFA-NIR-Cys在处理后发出红色荧光,与加入Cys、GSH与Hcy后的细胞成像图对比发现,加入Cys可以诱导细胞发出更亮的红色荧光,而加入GSH与Hcy的没有使细胞的荧光信号增强。说明该探针可以用于特异性检测外源性加入的Cys。
(3)为了评估探针NFA-NIR-Cys对细胞内源性检测Cys。以NEM为硫醇阻断剂,将待测样品分为两组,一组加入NEM孵育30min,另一组加入NEM孵育30min后加入250μmol/L的Cys,再将1μmol/L探针与上述细胞孵育30min后,使用共聚焦成像观察。
实验结果如图17、18所示,未添加NEM时,在红色通道获得较强的荧光信号强度,代表细胞内本来存在的Cys的响应,再添加NEM后,在红色通道观察到原来的红色荧光大大降低,这是由于NEM对生物硫醇的清除作用导致细胞内的Cys浓度降低;而在另一组中,同时加入NEM和Cys,NEM对生物硫醇的清除作用受到抑制,可以观测到一定的荧光响应,上诉结果表明了该探针具备特异性检测细胞内源性Cys表达的能力。
(4)为了验证探针NFA-NIR-Cys对癌细胞的靶向能力来源于靶向基团与COX-2的相互作用,分别将IMC和NFA与ID8细胞共孵育30min,再加入探针NFA-NIR-Cys孵育30min,进行荧光测定。
实验结果如图19、20所示,实验结果显示与没有使用COX-2抑制剂的细胞相比,使用COX-2抑制剂的试验组的细胞成像显示较弱的荧光响应。这是由于COX-2抑制剂与细胞内的COX-2相结合,抑制了探针与癌细胞内COX-2的靶向作用。实验结果证明该探针NFA-NIR-Cys的对癌细胞靶向能力来源于靶向基团与COX-2的相互作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种新型靶向近红外荧光探针NFA-NIR-Cys,其特征在于,所述荧光探针的结构式如下:
2.权利要求1所述的新型靶向近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)化合物2的合成:将氟尼酸,1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐,4-二甲氨基吡啶和化合物1溶解于溶剂中,搅拌,制得化合物2;
(2)化合物4的合成:在稀有气体的保护下,将化合物3和N,N-二异丙基乙胺溶解于溶剂中,搅拌,加入丙烯酰氯,再搅拌,制得化合物4;
(3)化合物5的合成:将1,1,2-三甲基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚和对甲苯磺酸丙炔酯混合反应,反应结束后加入乙酸酐和化合物4,滴加哌啶,继续反应,制得化合物5;
(4)近红外荧光分子探针NFA-NIR-Cys的合成:将化合物5,化合物2和碘化亚铜溶解于溶剂中,进行反应,制得;
上述制备方法的化学反应式如下:
3.根据权利要求2所述的新型靶向近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂包括:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
4.根据权利要求2所述的新型靶向近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述氟尼酸,所述1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐,所述4-二甲氨基吡啶和所述化合物1的摩尔质量比为1:2~4:0.5~1.5:0.5~1.5。
5.根据权利要求2所述的新型靶向近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述化合物3,所述N,N-二异丙基乙胺和所述丙烯酰氯的摩尔质量比为1:0.5~1.5:1.5~2.5。
6.根据权利要求2所述的新型靶向近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述1,1,2-三甲基-1H-苯并[e]吲哚,所述对甲苯磺酸丙炔酯和所述化合物4的摩尔质量比为1:2~3:0.5~1.5。
7.根据权利要求2所述的新型靶向近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述化合物5,所述化合物2和所述碘化亚铜的摩尔质量比为1:2~4:1~3。
8.根据权利要求2所述的新型靶向近红外荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述搅拌温度为20~25℃,时间为10~15h;步骤(2)所述搅拌温度为-2~4℃,时间为20~40min,所述再搅拌温度为20~25℃,时间为8~12h;步骤(3)所述混合反应温度为40~60℃,时间为10~15h,所述继续反应温度为50~70℃,时间为1~3h;步骤(4)所述反应温度为20~25℃,时间为8~12h。
9.权利要求1所述新型靶向近红外荧光探针在靶向癌细胞成像试剂中的应用。
10.一种靶向癌细胞荧光探针试剂盒,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述新型靶向近红外荧光探针。
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