CN118950667A - A ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process and ternary lithium battery recycling method - Google Patents
A ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process and ternary lithium battery recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118950667A CN118950667A CN202411315264.6A CN202411315264A CN118950667A CN 118950667 A CN118950667 A CN 118950667A CN 202411315264 A CN202411315264 A CN 202411315264A CN 118950667 A CN118950667 A CN 118950667A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/15—Electronic waste
- B09B2101/16—Batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recovery, in particular to a ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process and a ternary lithium battery recovery method. The black powder sorting process of the ternary lithium battery comprises the following specific operations: carrying out magnetic separation on the ternary lithium battery black powder by using a superconducting magnetic separation device, and separating the ternary lithium battery black powder into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder; the ternary lithium battery recycling method comprises the steps of crushing, pyrolysis, screening and multi-stage separation. According to the invention, the ternary lithium battery black powder is separated into the positive electrode powder and the negative electrode powder, so that the positive electrode powder and the negative electrode powder are convenient to recycle respectively, and the resource waste is reduced; the ternary lithium battery can be used as a raw material to be processed into various products, different recycling is performed, and the resource utilization rate and the recycling value of the ternary lithium battery and the ternary lithium battery black powder are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recovery, in particular to a ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process and a ternary lithium battery recovery method.
Background
The waste lithium battery contains a large number of recyclable components such as various valuable metals and various organic matters, and how to safely recycle the lithium battery with high resource utilization is an important subject in the field of sustainable resource utilization. The existing waste lithium battery recovery process mainly comprises the steps of crushing the waste lithium battery, performing high-temperature pyrolysis, screening, sorting and the like, and respectively recovering products such as black powder, copper, iron, aluminum and the like.
The black powder is black powdery solid formed by mixing a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material in the crushing process of the waste lithium battery, and the black powder contains all active ingredients in the waste lithium battery. Wherein, the black powder of the ternary lithium battery (namely the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary lithium battery) comprises graphite and oxides of metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium and the like. In the prior art, the conventional recovery process of the ternary lithium battery black powder comprises chemical soaking extraction, pyrometallurgy and the like, wherein the chemical soaking extraction process is to soak the ternary lithium battery black powder by using acid, alkali or an organic solvent, and separate and recover valuable metal elements in the ternary lithium battery black powder; the pyrometallurgy is to directly smelt a large amount of ternary lithium battery black powder to prepare an alloy ingot.
However, the existing ternary lithium battery black powder recovery process mainly recovers only valuable metal compounds in the ternary lithium battery black powder, and has low comprehensive utilization rate of different components in the ternary lithium battery black powder; meanwhile, the product value obtained by recycling the black powder is low, and the ternary lithium battery black powder is difficult to recycle with high utilization rate and high value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of low comprehensive utilization rate and low recovery value of different components in the existing ternary lithium battery black powder recovery process, the invention provides the ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process and the ternary lithium battery recovery method, which can separate the ternary lithium battery black powder into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder, facilitate the respective recovery and utilization of the positive electrode powder and the negative electrode powder, and reduce the resource waste; the ternary lithium battery can be used as a raw material to be processed into various products, different recycling is performed, and the resource utilization rate and the recycling value of the ternary lithium battery and the ternary lithium battery black powder are improved.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a process for sorting ternary lithium battery black powder, wherein the ternary lithium battery black powder is black powder obtained in the process of recycling nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary lithium batteries, and the process comprises the following specific operations: and magnetically separating the ternary lithium battery black powder by using a superconducting magnetic separation device, and separating the ternary lithium battery black powder into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder.
Further, the magnetic field intensity in the superconducting magnetic separation device is 2-4T, and the feeding speed of the superconducting magnetic separation device is 2.0-3.0cm/s.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for recovering a ternary lithium battery, wherein the ternary lithium battery is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary lithium battery, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing, namely crushing the ternary lithium battery by using a crusher to obtain a lithium battery particle powder mixture;
(2) Pyrolyzing, namely sending the lithium battery particle powder mixture into a pyrolysis furnace, and heating for pyrolysis to obtain a pyrolyzed particle powder mixture;
(3) Screening, namely screening the pyrolysis particle powder mixture by using a screening device, and separating the pyrolysis particle powder mixture into metal particles and ternary lithium battery black powder, wherein the screening device comprises a swinging screen and/or a drum screen;
(4) Performing multistage separation, namely performing conventional magnetic separation on metal particles to separate iron, and then separating the separated iron into copper and aluminum by using a separation device, wherein the separation device comprises a winnowing machine, a color separator and/or a specific gravity separator;
and separating the ternary lithium battery black powder into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder by using the ternary lithium battery black powder separation process.
Further, in the step (2), the lithium battery particle powder mixture is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis.
Further, the heating temperature in the step (2) is 450-650 ℃.
Further, the granularity of the ternary lithium battery black powder in the step (3) is less than or equal to 0.15mm.
Further, regenerating the positive electrode powder obtained in the step (4) into a ternary lithium battery positive electrode material, wherein the specific operation is as follows: and (3) performing anaerobic calcination on the positive electrode powder under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the calcination temperature is 600-800 ℃, and obtaining the ternary lithium battery positive electrode material after quality detection is qualified.
Further, regenerating the negative electrode powder obtained in the step (4) into a battery negative electrode material, wherein the specific operation is as follows: and (3) filling the negative electrode powder into a crucible, isolating oxygen, purifying at a high temperature of 2600-3000 ℃ in a graphitization furnace, and obtaining the battery negative electrode material after quality detection is qualified.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process disclosed by the invention, ternary lithium battery black powder can be further sorted into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder, so that the positive electrode powder and the negative electrode powder can be recycled respectively, the comprehensive utilization rate of different components in the ternary lithium battery black powder is improved, and the waste of resources is reduced.
2. The ternary lithium battery recycling method can be used for processing the ternary lithium battery to obtain five products of iron, copper, aluminum, positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder, and recycling the five products differently, wherein the positive electrode powder can be regenerated into the ternary lithium battery positive electrode material, the negative electrode powder can be regenerated into the battery negative electrode material, the positive electrode powder and the negative electrode powder can be further processed into products with higher values, and meanwhile, the resource utilization rate in the ternary lithium battery recycling process can be further improved, and the recycling value of the ternary lithium battery and the ternary lithium battery black powder can be improved.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process is disclosed, wherein the ternary lithium battery black powder is obtained in the process of recovering nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary lithium batteries, and the process comprises the following specific operations: and magnetically separating the ternary lithium battery black powder by using a superconducting magnetic separation device, and separating the ternary lithium battery black powder into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder.
The superconducting magnetic separation device is a high-gradient superconducting magnetic separation machine, the magnetic field intensity in the superconducting magnetic separation device is 2T, and the feeding speed of the superconducting magnetic separation device is 2.5cm/s.
Example 2
The process for sorting black powder of ternary lithium battery is different from that of example 1: the magnetic field intensity in the superconducting magnetic separation device is 3T.
Example 3
The process for sorting black powder of ternary lithium battery is different from that of example 1: the magnetic field intensity in the superconducting magnetic separation device is 4T.
The sorting process of the ternary lithium battery black powder of the examples 1-3 is used for respectively carrying out sorting test on 360g of ternary lithium battery black powder, the content of Ni, co and Mn elements in the ternary lithium battery is shown in the table 1, and the sorting test result is shown in the table 2.
Table 1 content of raw materials of black powder for ternary lithium battery
Table 2 sorting test results of superconducting magnetic separator
It can be seen that the process of examples 1-3 was used to sort the ternary lithium battery black powder, and at least 85wt.% or more of nickel element, 82wt.% or more of cobalt element, and 85wt.% or more of manganese element in the sorted ternary lithium battery black powder entered the positive electrode powder. Wherein, in the superconducting magnetic separation device of example 3, the magnetic field intensity is 4T, and more than 97wt.% of three elements enter the positive electrode powder after the separation test, and the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are effectively separated.
Example 4
A ternary lithium battery recycling method using the ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process of the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing the ternary lithium battery by using a crusher to obtain a lithium battery particle powder mixture;
(2) Feeding the lithium battery particle powder mixture into a pyrolysis furnace, heating to perform anaerobic pyrolysis, wherein the heating temperature is 450-650 ℃, and obtaining a pyrolysis particle powder mixture;
(3) Screening the pyrolysis particle powder mixture by using a screening device, separating the pyrolysis particle powder mixture into metal particles and ternary lithium battery black powder, wherein the granularity of the ternary lithium battery black powder is less than or equal to 0.15mm, and the screening device is a drum screen;
(4) Performing multistage separation, namely performing conventional magnetic separation on metal particles to separate iron, and then separating the iron into copper and aluminum by using a specific gravity separator;
performing magnetic separation on the ternary lithium battery black powder by using the ternary lithium battery black powder separation process of the embodiment 3, and separating the black powder into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder;
performing anaerobic calcination on the positive electrode powder under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the calcination temperature is 600-800 ℃, and obtaining the ternary lithium battery positive electrode material after quality detection is qualified;
and (3) filling the negative electrode powder into a crucible, isolating oxygen, purifying at a high temperature of 2600-3000 ℃ in a graphitization furnace, and obtaining the battery negative electrode material after quality detection is qualified.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process is characterized in that ternary lithium battery black powder is black powder obtained in the process of recovering nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary lithium batteries, and specifically comprises the following steps of: and magnetically separating the ternary lithium battery black powder by using a superconducting magnetic separation device, and separating the ternary lithium battery black powder into positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder.
2. The ternary lithium battery black powder sorting process according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field intensity in the superconducting magnetic separation device is 2-4T, and the feeding speed of the superconducting magnetic separation device is 2.0-3.0cm/s.
3. The ternary lithium battery recycling method is characterized in that the ternary lithium battery is a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary lithium battery, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing the ternary lithium battery by using a crusher to obtain a lithium battery particle powder mixture;
(2) Feeding the lithium battery particle powder mixture into a pyrolysis furnace, and heating for pyrolysis to obtain a pyrolysis particle powder mixture;
(3) Screening the pyrolysis particle powder mixture by using a screening device, and separating the pyrolysis particle powder mixture into metal particles and ternary lithium battery black powder, wherein the screening device comprises a swinging screen and/or a drum screen;
(4) Performing conventional magnetic separation on metal particles to separate iron, and then separating the separated iron into copper and aluminum by using a separation device, wherein the separation device comprises a winnowing machine, a color sorter and/or a specific gravity sorter;
The ternary lithium battery black powder separation process of claim 1 is used to separate the ternary lithium battery black powder into positive and negative electrode powders.
4. The ternary lithium battery recycling process of claim 3, wherein the lithium battery particulate powder mixture is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in step (2).
5. The ternary lithium battery recovery method of claim 3, wherein the heating temperature of step (2) is 450-650 ℃.
6. The method for recovering a ternary lithium battery according to claim 3, wherein the granularity of the ternary lithium battery black powder in the step (3) is less than or equal to 0.15mm.
7. The ternary lithium battery recycling method of claim 3, wherein the positive electrode powder obtained in the step (4) is regenerated into a ternary lithium battery positive electrode material, and the method comprises the following specific operations: and (3) performing anaerobic calcination on the positive electrode powder under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the calcination temperature is 600-800 ℃, and obtaining the ternary lithium battery positive electrode material after quality detection is qualified.
8. The ternary lithium battery recycling method of claim 3, wherein the negative electrode powder obtained in the step (4) is regenerated into a battery negative electrode material, and the specific operation is as follows: and (3) filling the negative electrode powder into a crucible, isolating oxygen, purifying at a high temperature of 2600-3000 ℃ in a graphitization furnace, and obtaining the battery negative electrode material after quality detection is qualified.
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