CN118726759A - A method for recycling aluminum alloys from scrap aircraft - Google Patents
A method for recycling aluminum alloys from scrap aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN118726759A CN118726759A CN202410840803.1A CN202410840803A CN118726759A CN 118726759 A CN118726759 A CN 118726759A CN 202410840803 A CN202410840803 A CN 202410840803A CN 118726759 A CN118726759 A CN 118726759A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
- C22B21/0069—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0084—Obtaining aluminium melting and handling molten aluminium
- C22B21/0092—Remelting scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a waste aircraft aluminum alloy classifying, recycling and reconstructing method, which relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy classifying and recycling, and comprises the steps of identifying classification, cutting and crushing, preprocessing, smelting and purifying and classifying and reconstructing, wherein the identified and classified aluminum alloy types comprise four types of 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy. According to the invention, the waste aluminum alloy for the aircraft is subjected to series grading utilization, so that the classified recycling is realized, the recycled 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the recycled 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the recycled aluminum lithium alloy reach the aviation aluminum alloy standard, and the recycled other series aluminum alloys provide high-quality raw materials for manufacturing the target series aluminum alloy, so that the method is simple in overall production process, high in production efficiency, low in secondary pollution, high in product quality and high in added value, and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy classified recovery, and particularly relates to a method for recovering and reproducing waste aircraft aluminum alloy classified.
Background
About 7000 aircraft retired and scrapped in the future 10 years globally, taking civil airliners as an example, aluminum alloy is a main structural material, such as skin, frame, propeller, oil tank, wallboard, landing gear strut and the like, although the aluminum ratio of different types can be greatly different, the aluminum alloy consumption can be more than 70% in general, the long-term stacking of scrapped aircraft can cause environmental problems such as soil, water source pollution, occupied land resource and the like, and the scrapped aircraft is recycled with aluminum resources, so that the cost and environmental pollution of aluminum recycling are lower than the cost and production pollution of new aluminum produced from ores, the environment can be protected, and good economic benefit can be obtained;
According to the different types of aluminum alloy used by the aircraft, the aluminum alloy for the aircraft takes 2XXX series and 7XXX series as main alloy elements, the proportion is about 38% and 45% respectively, the proportion is about 17% in other parts of 5XXX series, 6XXX series and a small amount of other series aluminum alloys, in addition, according to the iterative upgrading of aerospace materials, the use proportion of the aluminum lithium alloy is also increased year by year, according to the aluminum alloy composition used by the aircraft, the 2XXX series (Al-Cu-Mg) aluminum alloy takes Cu as main alloy element, the 7XXX series (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) aluminum alloy takes Zn as main additive element, the 5XXX series (Al-Mg) aluminum alloy takes Mg as main additive element, the 6 XX52 series (Al-Mg-Si) aluminum alloy takes Mg and Si as main alloy element, the aluminum lithium alloy (Al-Li) is mainly used as additive element, according to the aluminum alloy manufacturing process used by the aircraft, the aluminum alloy for the aircraft takes anamorphic aluminum alloy as main alloy, the cast aluminum alloy takes relatively low proportion, and the aluminum alloy is 5XXX and 5XXX is 5X 5, and 5XXX is heat-free from heat-treatable type heat treatable aluminum alloy, and can be strengthened by heat treatable type aluminum alloy of the alloy of 5XXX and 5 alloy;
In order to resist the torsion and torsion load of the aircraft during the flight, the parts (the fuselage, the main wings and the tail wings) with special emphasis on fatigue resistance are selected from 2XXX series and 7XXX series aluminum alloys, and as the 2XXX series aluminum alloys and the 7XXX series aluminum alloys are usually subjected to sulfuric acid anodic oxidation or chromic acid anodic oxidation, inorganic salt coatings are prepared on the surfaces of the aluminum alloys to improve the fatigue resistance of the aircraft, in addition, different types of manufacturing materials are identified from the files of original manufacturers of waste aircraft before the disassembly operation, and a label with a number is attached to the disassembled parts, so that the parts comprise the information of the part names and the previous aircraft, and the manufacturer and the manufacturing materials for disassembling the parts;
China patent CN109518045A discloses a method for producing 2024 or 7075 aluminum alloy by reutilizing waste aircraft aluminum alloy, the method takes waste aircraft aluminum alloy as a raw material, and obtains 7075 or 2024 aluminum alloy by pretreatment, smelting, impurity removal, component adjustment, filtration, refining, purification and casting, however, the method only recycles 70% of 2XXX series and 7XXX series aluminum alloy, has complicated process and higher cost, and Chinese patent CN115141944B discloses a method for preparing ultra-clean aviation aluminum alloy cast ingots by reutilizing waste aviation aluminum alloy, and the method realizes refined sorting of waste aviation aluminum alloy by utilizing physical property differences of density, conductivity, magnetism, melting point, boiling point and the like of the waste aviation aluminum alloy and other impurities; the method realizes the deep purification of the reconstructed aviation aluminum alloy melt, and the ultra-clean aviation aluminum alloy ingot is obtained by casting, but the method does not carry out classified recovery on the aviation aluminum alloy, has high mixing treatment difficulty and high industrial production cost, and Chinese patent CN115976382A discloses a recycling method for recycling the mechanical processing waste material reconstructed 2-series aviation thin plate, which can reduce the burning loss rate and the oxidation rate of aluminum scraps, remove greasy dirt on the surface of the waste aluminum scraps, control the slag content N20 in the melt to be less than 30k/kg and remove alkaline metals, realize the mass industrialized production of the reconstructed aviation aluminum alloy, and finish the utilization of the cycle level of the aviation aluminum alloy, but the method has low water/oil/coating removal rate and higher melt inclusion content and can not completely reach the performance of the original aluminum alloy;
therefore, the existing aluminum alloy for the waste aircraft has various series and different manufacturing processes, and if unified recovery is carried out, the aluminum alloy and impurities are difficult to separate by all grade-keeping utilization, the element types in the mixed materials are complex, the treatment process is complex, and the recovery and reuse cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a waste aircraft aluminum alloy classifying, recycling and reconstructing method which is used for solving at least one technical problem.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a waste aircraft aluminum alloy classifying, recycling and reconstructing method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, identifying and classifying: scanning and identifying marks of the waste aircraft aluminum alloy with the tag, determining the type of the aluminum alloy, and classifying and placing according to the identification result;
wherein the aluminum alloy types comprise four types of 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy;
S2, cutting and crushing: cutting the different types of aluminum alloys identified and classified in the step S1, removing the riveted parts, classifying the cut riveted parts into other aluminum alloys, and respectively crushing the different types of aluminum alloys after cutting;
s3, pretreatment: sorting the cut and crushed aluminum alloys in the step S2, wherein the sorting comprises oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning;
s4, smelting and purifying: smelting the different types of aluminum alloys pretreated in the step S3 to be completely melted respectively, and then purifying the aluminum alloys respectively;
S5, classifying and reconstructing: and (3) casting the different types of aluminum alloy melts obtained after smelting and purifying in the step (S4) respectively to obtain reconstituted 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy cast ingots.
Preferably, the step S3 pretreatment includes:
And (3) carrying out vibration screening, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum lithium alloy, and carrying out vibration screening, magnetic separation and iron removal, spectral heavy metal removal, eddy current separation, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on other series aluminum alloys.
Preferably, in step S3:
The microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device is adopted for pyrolysis of the coating, the pyrolysis temperature of the microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device is adjustable, and the removal rate of the coating is more than or equal to 98.5%;
oil-water separation is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic separation device, and the water/oil removal rate of the ultrasonic separation device is more than or equal to 98.5%;
ultrasonic cleaning is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic cleaning device, and the cleaning cleanliness of the ultrasonic cleaning device reaches Sa3 level;
The non-aluminum impurity removal rate of other aluminum alloys after the magnetic separation iron removal, spectral heavy metal removal and eddy current separation treatment is more than or equal to 99 percent.
Preferably, the step S4 purification process includes:
The 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum lithium alloy are sequentially filtered and purified for three times through porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheets of 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi, and the other series aluminum alloy is subjected to melt impurity removal, melt dehydrogenation and melt purification.
Preferably, in step S4:
the melt impurity removal is to remove impurities with high melting point and high specific gravity by utilizing the difference of melting point and specific gravity of impurities and waste aluminum;
The melt dehydrogenation is to remove dispersed solid inclusions and gas impurities by refining in a rotary argon furnace;
After impurity removal and hydrogen removal treatment, the total content of melt inclusion is less than or equal to 0.3wt%, the content of melt inclusion is less than or equal to 0.1mg/kg, and the content of melt hydrogen is less than or equal to 0.08ml/100gAl.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of early warning on replacement of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
S40, calculating the real-time filtration resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
（1）；
wherein, Is the firstThe real-time filtration resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment,In order to filter the total length of time,Is the firstThe real-time impurity content of the filtered aluminum alloy melt at each moment,The gravity acceleration is 9.81,Is the firstThe flow rate of the filtered aluminum alloy melt through the porous alumina ceramic foam filter sheet at each moment,Is the filtering area of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc,Is the firstThe volume of the aluminum alloy melt being filtered at each instant;
s41, calculating a replacement early warning trigger value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
（2）；
wherein, Is the firstThe replacement of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment gives an early warning to the trigger value,For the dynamic viscosity of the filtered aluminum alloy melt,Is the resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet,To filter the density of the aluminum alloy melt,Is the firstThe pressure of the input end of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc at each moment,Is the firstThe pressure at the output end of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc at each moment,Is the thickness value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet,The porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet is used for filtering the minimum flow value when the filter sheet is normal;
When the first is And when the replacement early warning trigger value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment is larger than the preset early warning trigger value, alarming and prompting are carried out.
Preferably, step S4 further includes performing purification result evaluation on the other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying, and calculating purification degree evaluation values of the other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying:
（3）；
wherein, To estimate the degree of purification of other aluminum alloy melts after melting and purification,As the weight value of the impurity removal degree of the melt,The total content of high-melting point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts before impurity removal of the melt,The total content of high-melting point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the impurity removal of the melt,In order to obtain the maximum qualified content of high-melting-point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying,As a weight value for the degree of dehydrogenation of the melt,The total content of the dispersed solid melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is dehydrogenated,In order to obtain the maximum qualified content of the dispersed solid melt inclusions in the aluminum alloy melt of other systems after smelting and purifying,For the content of melt hydrogen in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is dehydrogenated,For the maximum qualified content of hydrogen in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying,For the weight value of the melt purification treatment,For the total content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts before the melt is purified,For the total content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is purified,The maximum qualified content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying;
And when the purifying degree evaluation value of the other aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying is smaller than the preset purifying degree evaluation value, repeating the step S4 until the purifying degree evaluation value of the other aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying exceeds the preset purifying degree evaluation value, and entering the step S5.
Preferably, the step S4 further includes respectively performing slag skimming and alloy component adjustment on different types of aluminum alloys during smelting, the alloy component adjustment includes performing stokehold component analysis on different types of liquid aluminum alloys by using a spectrum analyzer to obtain stokehold component analysis data of the different types of liquid aluminum alloys, performing feeding element component and content calculation based on the stokehold component analysis data of the different types of liquid aluminum alloys, and performing alloy component adjustment on the different types of liquid aluminum alloys based on the calculation result.
Preferably, after the casting in the step S5 is completed to form ingots, the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other aluminum alloy ingots are subjected to qualification sampling detection respectively, which comprises the following steps:
S50, cutting a part of the cast ingot to serve as a metallographic specimen, and observing a microstructure to confirm whether the internal tissue structure is qualified or not;
S51, cutting a part of the cast ingot to serve as a tensile test bar, and carrying out mechanical property test to confirm whether the mechanical property is qualified.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method provided by the invention scans and identifies the marks of the waste aircraft aluminum alloy with the tag, sorts different series of aluminum alloys, and formulates different recovery processes for the different series of aluminum alloys, so that the problems of difficult separation of aluminum alloy and impurities and complex element types caused by unified recovery are avoided, and the grade-keeping utilization of most aluminum alloys and the efficient classified recovery of the waste aircraft aluminum alloy are realized.
(2) The method disclosed by the invention is green and harmless to the treatment of 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy and aluminum lithium alloy components, simplifies the treatment process of other series aluminum alloy, reduces the recovery cost and improves the recycling cost performance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing waste aircraft aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In addition, the descriptions of the "first," "second," and the like, herein are for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to be specifically construed as order or sequence, nor are they intended to limit the invention solely for distinguishing between components or operations described in the same technical term, but are not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance or order of such features. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions and technical features between the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that a person skilled in the art can implement the combination of technical solutions, when the combination of technical solutions contradicts or cannot be implemented, should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
The invention provides the following examples
Example 1
A method for recovering 2XXX series aluminum alloy represented by 2024 by waste aircraft aluminum alloy classification comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: carrying out vibration screening, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on the 2024 aluminum alloy subjected to classified cutting and crushing;
wherein, the organic coating or paint is pyrolyzed and removed by a microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis temperature is 70-150 ℃ and the pyrolysis time is 30min, and the coating removal rate is more than or equal to 99%;
An ultrasonic separation device is adopted in the oil-water separation, the ultrasonic frequency is more than 400kHz, the treatment time is 20min, and the water/oil removal rate is more than or equal to 98.5%;
The ultrasonic cleaning device is adopted for cleaning, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-40 kHz, the drying function is integrated, and the cleaning cleanliness reaches Sa3 level;
S2, smelting and purifying: smelting the pretreated 2024 aluminum alloy until the aluminum alloy is completely melted, sequentially filtering three times through porous aluminum oxide foam ceramic filter sheets of 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi, and separating unmelted impurities in the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy melt after impurity removal, wherein the total impurity content of the purified melt is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
s3, reconstructing: casting the melted and purified 2024 aluminum alloy melt to obtain a reconstituted 2024 aluminum alloy cast ingot. Table 1 shows the comparison between the standard 2024 aluminum alloy composition and the reconstituted 2024 aluminum alloy composition in "GB/T3190-2008 aluminum deformed composition".
Table 1 reproduced 2024 aluminum alloy and comparative Table of composition of standard 2024 aluminum alloy
Through the measurement of the components of the standard 2024 aluminum alloy and the reconstituted 2024 aluminum alloy, the Cu content of the reconstituted 2024 aluminum alloy is basically consistent with that of the standard 2024 aluminum alloy, and the content ratio of other elements is also in the standard proportioning range, so that the fact that the melt component of the reconstituted 2024 aluminum alloy meets the requirement of the standard 2024 aluminum alloy can be indicated.
Example 2
A7 XXX series aluminum alloy method represented by waste aircraft aluminum alloy classified recovery and reconstruction 7075 comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment: performing vibration screening, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on 7075 aluminum alloy subjected to classified cutting and crushing;
wherein, the anodic oxide film is removed by adopting a microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device, and HF is added during pyrolysis Is an acid washing solution, the concentration of HF is 3% -5%,The concentration of the catalyst is 15% -30%, the pyrolysis temperature is 70-150 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 30min, and the oxide film removal rate is more than or equal to 99%;
An ultrasonic separation device is adopted in the oil-water separation, the ultrasonic frequency is more than 400kHz, the treatment time is 20min, and the water/oil removal rate is more than or equal to 98.5%;
The ultrasonic cleaning device is adopted for cleaning, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-40 kHz, the drying function is integrated, and the cleaning cleanliness reaches Sa3 level;
S2, smelting and purifying: smelting the pretreated 7075 aluminum alloy until the aluminum alloy is completely melted, sequentially filtering three times through porous aluminum oxide foam ceramic filter sheets of 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi, and separating unmelted impurities in the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy melt after impurity removal, wherein the total impurity content of the purified melt is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
S3, reconstructing: casting the 7075 aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying to obtain a reconstructed 7075 aluminum alloy cast ingot. Table 2 shows the comparison between standard 7075 aluminum alloy composition and reconstituted 7075 aluminum alloy composition in "GB/T3190-2008 wrought aluminum and aluminum compositions".
Table 2 reproduced 7075 aluminum alloy and standard 7075 aluminum alloy composition comparison table
Through the measurement of the components of the standard 7075 aluminum alloy and the reconstituted 7075 aluminum alloy, the Zn content of the reconstituted 7075 aluminum alloy is basically consistent with that of the standard 7075 aluminum alloy, and the content ratio of other elements is also in the standard proportioning range, so that the fact that the melt component of the reconstituted 7075 aluminum alloy meets the requirements of the standard 7075 aluminum alloy can be indicated.
Example 3
An aluminum-lithium alloy method represented by waste aircraft aluminum alloy classification recycling 8090 comprises the following steps:
S1, pretreatment: performing vibration screening, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on the 8090 aluminum-lithium alloy subjected to classified cutting and crushing;
Wherein, the organic film is removed by adopting a microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device, the pyrolysis temperature is 100-120 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 10min, and the organic film removal rate is more than or equal to 99 percent; an ultrasonic separation device is adopted in the oil-water separation, the ultrasonic frequency is more than 400kHz, the treatment time is 20min, and the water/oil removal rate is more than or equal to 98.5%;
The ultrasonic cleaning device is adopted for cleaning, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-40 kHz, the drying function is integrated, and the cleaning cleanliness reaches Sa3 level;
S2, smelting and purifying: smelting the pretreated 8090 aluminum alloy until the aluminum alloy is completely melted, sequentially filtering three times through porous aluminum oxide foam ceramic filter sheets of 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi, and separating unmelted impurities in the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy melt after impurity removal, wherein the total impurity content of the purified melt is less than or equal to 0.3wt%;
s3, reconstructing: casting the 7075 aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying to obtain a reconstructed 8090 aluminum alloy cast ingot. Table 3 shows the results of comparing the standard 8090 aluminum alloy composition with the reconstituted 8090 aluminum alloy composition of "GB/T3190-2008 aluminum deformed composition".
Table 3 reproduced 8090 aluminum alloy and standard 8090 aluminum alloy composition comparison table
Through the measurement of the components of the standard 8090 aluminum alloy and the reconstituted 8090 aluminum alloy, the Li content of the reconstituted 8090 aluminum alloy is basically consistent with that of the standard 8090 aluminum alloy, and the content ratio of other elements is also in the standard proportioning range, so that the fact that the melt component of the reconstituted 8090 aluminum alloy meets the requirements of the standard 8090 aluminum alloy can be indicated.
Example 4
Other series of aluminum alloy methods represented by waste aircraft aluminum alloy classification recycling and reconstruction 5083/6063 mixing materials are as follows:
S1, pretreatment: carrying out vibration screening, magnetic separation and iron removal, spectral heavy metal removal, eddy current separation, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on the 5083/6063 aluminum alloy subjected to classification, cutting and crushing;
The magnetic separation aims at removing iron, the spectral separation aims at removing heavy metals, the eddy current separation aims at removing glass, the microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device is used for removing surface coatings, plating films or oxide films and the like, the ultrasonic separation device is used for removing water/oil, the ultrasonic cleaning device is used for cleaning, the removal rate of non-aluminum impurities after the magnetic separation iron removal-spectral heavy metal removal-eddy current separation treatment is more than or equal to 99%, the removal rate of the surface coatings is more than or equal to 99%, the removal rate of the water/oil is more than or equal to 98.5%, and the cleaning cleanliness reaches Sa3 level;
S2, smelting and purifying: smelting the pretreated 5083/6063 aluminum alloy to be completely melted, and sequentially carrying out melt impurity removal, melt dehydrogenation and melt purification treatment; removing impurities from the melt, namely removing impurities with high melting point and high specific gravity by using the difference of melting points and specific gravities of impurities and waste aluminum, refining the melt in a rotary argon furnace to remove dispersed solid inclusions and gas impurities, and performing melt purification by using porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheets with 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi for three times to separate unmelted impurities in the aluminum alloy melt to obtain the aluminum alloy melt after impurity removal, wherein the total content of the inclusions in the melt is less than or equal to 0.3wt%, the content of the inclusions in the melt is less than or equal to 0.1mg/kg, and the hydrogen content in the melt is less than or equal to 0.08ml/100gAl after impurity removal and hydrogen purification treatment;
S3, reconstructing: casting the smelted and purified 5083/6063 aluminum alloy melt to obtain a reconstructed 5083/6063 aluminum alloy cast ingot;
The reconstructed 5083/6063 aluminum alloy melt has complex element types, can be used as a high-quality raw material source of target aluminum alloy after component regulation and control, and can also be directly used for manufacturing aluminum alloy materials in the fields of packaging, 3C, new energy automobiles and the like. Table 4 shows the results of the comparison of standard 5083/6063 aluminum alloy composition and reconstituted 5083/6063 aluminum alloy composition of "GB/T3190-2008 wrought aluminum and aluminum compositions".
Table 4 reproduced 5083/6063 aluminum alloy and standard 5083/6063 aluminum alloy composition comparison Table
Through the measurement of the components of the standard 5083/6063 aluminum alloy and the reconstructed 5083/6063 aluminum alloy, the contents of Cu, fe, si, ti and the like basically meet the requirements, and the contents of Cr, zn, mg, mn and the like are out of standard or insufficient; related elements can be continuously added into the reconstructed 5083/6063 aluminum alloy mixed melt for regulating and controlling the melt components so as to manufacture the target series aluminum alloy.
The working principle and beneficial effects of the embodiments 1-4 are as follows: the method scans and identifies the marks of the waste aircraft aluminum alloy with the labels, sorts different series of aluminum alloys, establishes different recovery processes for the different series of aluminum alloys, avoids the problems of difficult separation of aluminum alloy and impurities and complex element types caused by unified recovery, and realizes the grade-keeping utilization of most aluminum alloys and the efficient classified recovery of the waste aircraft aluminum alloy;
meanwhile, the method is green and harmless to the treatment of the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum lithium alloy, simplifies the treatment process of other series aluminum alloys, reduces the recovery cost and improves the recycling cost performance;
according to the invention, the waste aluminum alloy for the aircraft is subjected to series grading utilization, so that the classified recycling is realized, the recycled 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the recycled 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the recycled aluminum lithium alloy reach the aviation aluminum alloy standard, and the recycled other series aluminum alloys provide high-quality raw materials for manufacturing the target series aluminum alloy, so that the method is simple in overall production process, high in production efficiency, low in secondary pollution, high in product quality and high in added value, and is suitable for industrial production.
Example 5
A waste aircraft aluminum alloy classifying, recycling and reconstructing method comprises the following steps:
S1, identifying and classifying: scanning and identifying marks of the waste aircraft aluminum alloy with the tag, determining the type of the aluminum alloy, and classifying and placing according to the identification result;
wherein the aluminum alloy types comprise four types of 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy;
S2, cutting and crushing: cutting the different types of aluminum alloys identified and classified in the step S1, removing the riveted parts, classifying the cut riveted parts into other aluminum alloys, and respectively crushing the different types of aluminum alloys after cutting;
s3, pretreatment: sorting the cut and crushed aluminum alloys in the step S2, wherein the sorting comprises oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning;
s4, smelting and purifying: smelting the different types of aluminum alloys pretreated in the step S3 to be completely melted respectively, and then purifying the aluminum alloys respectively;
S5, classifying and reconstructing: and (3) casting the different types of aluminum alloy melts obtained after smelting and purifying in the step (S4) respectively to obtain reconstituted 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy cast ingots.
Preferably, the step S4 purification process includes:
The method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out three times of filtration and purification treatment on a 2XXX series aluminum alloy, a 7XXX series aluminum alloy and an aluminum lithium alloy through porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheets of 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi, and carrying out melt impurity removal, melt dehydrogenation and melt purification treatment on other series aluminum alloys;
the method also comprises the following steps of early warning the replacement of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
S40, calculating the real-time filtration resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
（1）；
wherein, Is the firstThe real-time filtration resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment,In order to filter the total length of time,Is the firstThe real-time impurity content of the filtered aluminum alloy melt at each moment,The gravity acceleration is 9.81,Is the firstThe flow rate of the filtered aluminum alloy melt through the porous alumina ceramic foam filter sheet at each moment,Is the filtering area of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc,Is the firstThe volume of the aluminum alloy melt being filtered at each instant;
s41, calculating a replacement early warning trigger value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
（2）；
wherein, Is the firstThe replacement of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment gives an early warning to the trigger value,For the dynamic viscosity of the filtered aluminum alloy melt,Is the resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet,To filter the density of the aluminum alloy melt,Is the firstThe pressure of the input end of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc at each moment,Is the firstThe pressure at the output end of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc at each moment,Is the thickness value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet,The porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet is used for filtering the minimum flow value when the filter sheet is normal;
When the first is And when the replacement early warning trigger value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment is larger than the preset early warning trigger value, alarming and prompting are carried out.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: when the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum lithium alloy sequentially pass through the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheets of 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi for three times of filtering and purifying treatment, the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheets need to be replaced in time to ensure the reliability of the purifying treatment, if the replacement is earlier, the purifying treatment cost is increased, and if the replacement is later, the melt purifying treatment effect is influenced;
the real-time filter resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc is calculated, and then the replacement early warning trigger value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc is calculated based on the real-time filter resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc, so that the use state of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc is monitored in real time to replace the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc, and the effect of melt purification treatment is ensured.
Example 6
On the basis of example 5, in step S4:
the melt impurity removal is to remove impurities with high melting point and high specific gravity by utilizing the difference of melting point and specific gravity of impurities and waste aluminum;
The melt dehydrogenation is to remove dispersed solid inclusions and gas impurities by refining in a rotary argon furnace;
After impurity removal and hydrogen removal treatment, the total content of melt inclusion is less than or equal to 0.3wt%, the content of melt inclusion is less than or equal to 0.1mg/kg, and the content of melt hydrogen is less than or equal to 0.08ml/100gAl.
Preferably, the step S4 further includes performing purification result evaluation on the other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying, and calculating purification degree evaluation values of the other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying:
（3）；
wherein, To estimate the degree of purification of other aluminum alloy melts after melting and purification,As the weight value of the impurity removal degree of the melt,The total content of high-melting point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts before impurity removal of the melt,The total content of high-melting point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the impurity removal of the melt,In order to obtain the maximum qualified content of high-melting-point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying,As a weight value for the degree of dehydrogenation of the melt,The total content of the dispersed solid melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is dehydrogenated,In order to obtain the maximum qualified content of the dispersed solid melt inclusions in the aluminum alloy melt of other systems after smelting and purifying,For the content of melt hydrogen in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is dehydrogenated,For the maximum qualified content of hydrogen in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying,For the weight value of the melt purification treatment,For the total content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts before the melt is purified,For the total content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is purified,The maximum qualified content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying;
And when the purifying degree evaluation value of the other aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying is smaller than the preset purifying degree evaluation value, repeating the step S4 until the purifying degree evaluation value of the other aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying exceeds the preset purifying degree evaluation value, and entering the step S5.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: in order to ensure the quality of the final aluminum alloy, after the step S4 is completed, the purification degree of other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying is required to be evaluated, the purification degree of other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying is comprehensively evaluated based on the purification results of each purification step in three steps of melt impurity removal, melt dehydrogenation and melt purification treatment of other aluminum alloy, the purification degree evaluation value of other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying is calculated, when the purification degree evaluation value of other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying is smaller than the preset purification degree evaluation value, the step S4 is repeated until the purification degree evaluation value of other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying exceeds the preset purification degree evaluation value to enter the step S5, and therefore the reliability of the step S4 is ensured to the greatest extent.
Example 7
On the basis of embodiment 5, the step S4 further includes respectively performing slag skimming and alloy component adjustment on different types of aluminum alloys during smelting, the alloy component adjustment includes performing stokehold component analysis on different types of liquid aluminum alloys by using a spectrum analyzer to obtain stokehold component analysis data of the different types of liquid aluminum alloys, performing feeding element component and content calculation based on the stokehold component analysis data of the different types of liquid aluminum alloys, and performing alloy component adjustment on the different types of liquid aluminum alloys based on the calculation result.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: accurate element content data can be obtained by adopting a spectrum analyzer to analyze the stokehold components of the liquid aluminum alloy, the components and the contents of the feeding elements of different types of aluminum alloys can be calculated based on the stokehold component analysis data, the accurate adjustment of the alloy components is realized, the component composition of the aluminum alloy can be optimized according to different application requirements through the alloy component adjustment, and the quality and the performance of the reconstituted aluminum alloy are further improved.
Example 8
On the basis of example 5, after casting in step S5 to form ingots, the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy ingots were subjected to qualification sampling test, respectively, comprising:
S50, cutting a part of the cast ingot to serve as a metallographic specimen, and observing a microstructure to confirm whether the internal tissue structure is qualified or not;
S51, cutting a part of the cast ingot to serve as a tensile test bar, and carrying out mechanical property test to confirm whether the mechanical property is qualified.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the quality degree sampling detection is carried out on the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy, the aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy cast ingots, so that the classified recovery and reconstruction steps of the aluminum alloy can be timely found and adjusted, and serious loss is avoided.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A waste aircraft aluminum alloy classifying, recycling and reconstructing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, identifying and classifying: scanning and identifying marks of the waste aircraft aluminum alloy with the tag, determining the type of the aluminum alloy, and classifying and placing according to the identification result;
wherein the aluminum alloy types comprise four types of 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy;
S2, cutting and crushing: cutting the different types of aluminum alloys identified and classified in the step S1, removing the riveted parts, classifying the cut riveted parts into other aluminum alloys, and respectively crushing the different types of aluminum alloys after cutting;
s3, pretreatment: sorting the cut and crushed aluminum alloys in the step S2, wherein the sorting comprises oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning;
s4, smelting and purifying: smelting the different types of aluminum alloys pretreated in the step S3 to be completely melted respectively, and then purifying the aluminum alloys respectively;
S5, classifying and reconstructing: and (3) casting the different types of aluminum alloy melts obtained after smelting and purifying in the step (S4) respectively to obtain reconstituted 2XXX series aluminum alloy, 7XXX series aluminum alloy, aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy cast ingots.
2. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S3 of preprocessing comprises the following steps:
And (3) carrying out vibration screening, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum lithium alloy, and carrying out vibration screening, magnetic separation and iron removal, spectral heavy metal removal, eddy current separation, coating pyrolysis, oil-water separation and ultrasonic cleaning treatment on other series aluminum alloys.
3. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S3:
The microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device is adopted for pyrolysis of the coating, the pyrolysis temperature of the microwave anaerobic continuous pyrolysis device is adjustable, and the removal rate of the coating is more than or equal to 98.5%;
oil-water separation is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic separation device, and the water/oil removal rate of the ultrasonic separation device is more than or equal to 98.5%;
ultrasonic cleaning is carried out by adopting an ultrasonic cleaning device, and the cleaning cleanliness of the ultrasonic cleaning device reaches Sa3 level;
The non-aluminum impurity removal rate of other aluminum alloys after the magnetic separation iron removal, spectral heavy metal removal and eddy current separation treatment is more than or equal to 99 percent.
4. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S4 of the purification process includes:
The 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy and the aluminum lithium alloy are sequentially filtered and purified for three times through porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheets of 10ppi, 30ppi and 60ppi, and the other series aluminum alloy is subjected to melt impurity removal, melt dehydrogenation and melt purification.
5. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step S4:
the melt impurity removal is to remove impurities with high melting point and high specific gravity by utilizing the difference of melting point and specific gravity of impurities and waste aluminum;
The melt dehydrogenation is to remove dispersed solid inclusions and gas impurities by refining in a rotary argon furnace;
After impurity removal and hydrogen removal treatment, the total content of melt inclusion is less than or equal to 0.3wt%, the content of melt inclusion is less than or equal to 0.1mg/kg, and the content of melt hydrogen is less than or equal to 0.08ml/100gAl.
6. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the method also comprises the following steps of early warning the replacement of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
s41, calculating a replacement early warning trigger value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
（2）；
wherein, Is the firstThe replacement of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment gives an early warning to the trigger value,For the dynamic viscosity of the filtered aluminum alloy melt,Is the resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet,To filter the density of the aluminum alloy melt,Is the firstThe pressure of the input end of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc at each moment,Is the firstThe pressure at the output end of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc at each moment,Is the thickness value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet,The porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet is used for filtering the minimum flow value when the filter sheet is normal;
When the first is And when the replacement early warning trigger value of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment is larger than the preset early warning trigger value, alarming and prompting are carried out.
7. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: s40, calculating the real-time filtration resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc:
（1）；
wherein, Is the firstThe real-time filtration resistance of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter sheet at each moment,In order to filter the total length of time,Is the firstThe real-time impurity content of the filtered aluminum alloy melt at each moment,The gravity acceleration is 9.81,Is the firstThe flow rate of the filtered aluminum alloy melt through the porous alumina ceramic foam filter sheet at each moment,Is the filtering area of the porous alumina foam ceramic filter disc,Is the firstThe volume of aluminum alloy melt was filtered at each moment.
8. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: step S4 further comprises the step of evaluating purifying results of other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying, and calculating purifying degree evaluation values of the other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying:
（3）；
wherein, To estimate the degree of purification of other aluminum alloy melts after melting and purification,As the weight value of the impurity removal degree of the melt,The total content of high-melting point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts before impurity removal of the melt,The total content of high-melting point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the impurity removal of the melt,In order to obtain the maximum qualified content of high-melting-point high-specific gravity melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying,As a weight value for the degree of dehydrogenation of the melt,The total content of the dispersed solid melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is dehydrogenated,In order to obtain the maximum qualified content of the dispersed solid melt inclusions in the aluminum alloy melt of other systems after smelting and purifying,For the content of melt hydrogen in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is dehydrogenated,For the maximum qualified content of hydrogen in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying,For the weight value of the melt purification treatment,For the total content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts before the melt is purified,For the total content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after the melt is purified,The maximum qualified content of unmelted melt inclusions in other aluminum alloy melts after smelting and purifying;
And when the purifying degree evaluation value of the other aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying is smaller than the preset purifying degree evaluation value, repeating the step S4 until the purifying degree evaluation value of the other aluminum alloy melt after smelting and purifying exceeds the preset purifying degree evaluation value, and entering the step S5.
9. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step S4 further comprises the steps of respectively carrying out slag skimming and alloy component adjustment on different types of aluminum alloys during smelting, wherein the alloy component adjustment comprises the steps of carrying out stokehold component analysis on different types of liquid aluminum alloys by adopting a spectrum analyzer to obtain stokehold component analysis data of the different types of liquid aluminum alloys, carrying out feeding element component and content calculation based on the stokehold component analysis data of the different types of liquid aluminum alloys, and carrying out alloy component adjustment on the different types of liquid aluminum alloys based on calculation results.
10. The method for classifying, recycling and reconstructing the waste aircraft aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the casting is completed to form ingots in the step S5, the 2XXX series aluminum alloy, the 7XXX series aluminum alloy, the aluminum lithium alloy and other series aluminum alloy ingots are respectively subjected to qualification sampling detection, and the method comprises the following steps:
S50, cutting a part of the cast ingot to serve as a metallographic specimen, and observing a microstructure to confirm whether the internal tissue structure is qualified or not;
S51, cutting a part of the cast ingot to serve as a tensile test bar, and carrying out mechanical property test to confirm whether the mechanical property is qualified.
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