CN118645809B - Transmitting-receiving split one-dimensional phased array antenna and design method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a one-dimensional phased array antenna with a transceiver and a split-type antenna and a design method thereof. The antenna comprises a substrate, a receiving antenna array and a horn-shaped metal tray, wherein the horn-shaped metal tray is arranged on the substrate and used for installing the transmitting antenna array, the small-caliber end of the horn-shaped metal tray is fixed on the substrate, the large-caliber end of the horn-shaped metal tray is far away from the substrate, and the distance between the large-caliber end and the substrate is larger than the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; the transmitting antenna array is arranged between the large-caliber end and the small-caliber end in the horn-shaped metal tray, each array element of the transmitting antenna array is perpendicular to the substrate, and the distance between the array surface and the substrate is larger than the distance between the array surface and the substrate of the receiving antenna array; the one-dimensional phased array antenna adopts a DBF wide-transmit narrow-receive mode. The phased array antenna can greatly improve the isolation ratio of the receiving and transmitting split phased array antenna and greatly reduce the volume and the weight of the receiving and transmitting split phased array antenna.

Description

One-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmitter and receiver and its design method

Technical Field

The present invention generally relates to the field of antenna technology, and more specifically, to a one-dimensional phased array antenna with bi-directional transmission and reception and a design method thereof.

Background Art

One-dimensional phased array antennas are mainly divided into two types, one-dimensional phase scanning and one-dimensional phase-frequency scanning antennas. One-dimensional phase scanning realizes one-dimensional electronic scanning by changing the phase difference in the array direction, and the beam jumps in one dimension in the covered airspace. It has the function of accurately measuring two-dimensional coordinates such as azimuth (or pitch angle) and distance. Its characteristics are that the phase scanning range along the array direction can reach 120°, the beam is fixed along the direction of the array element, and mechanical scanning is performed by servo when scanning is required. Typical examples include microstrip array antennas and waveguide slot array antennas; one-dimensional phase-frequency scanning changes the frequency while scanning in the array direction to realize frequency scanning along the direction of the array element, and jumps in two dimensions of the beam in the covered airspace. It has the function of accurately measuring three-dimensional coordinates such as azimuth, pitch angle, and distance. Its characteristics are that the phase scanning range can reach 120° and the frequency scanning range can reach 13°. Typical examples include waveguide slot array antennas.

On the battlefield, electronic countermeasures and reconnaissance interference attacks on radars have become the primary threats to radar survival. LPI low probability of intercept radar will gradually become the development direction of future radars. Radars emit continuous wave signals, which can minimize the peak power of radar radiation under the same detection distance conditions. It is the best choice for LPI low probability of intercept radars. Therefore, continuous wave radars are the development direction of future battlefield radars. In addition to LPI low probability of intercept, the second advantage of continuous wave radars is that they have no close-range blind spots. Traditional pulse radars have close-range blind spots, especially pulse compression radars. Close-range blind spots can be reduced by combining pulses, but they cannot be eliminated. Weather radar combined pulses also have annular gradients with inconsistent intensity at far and near distances, which introduces deviations in the intensity measurement system and reduces the quality of weather forecasts. The third advantage of continuous wave radars is that they do not have the false alarms and instantaneous dynamic limitations of the sidelobe base station of pulse compression radars.

However, continuous wave radar needs to use two antennas with separate transmitters and receivers, which are large in size. At the same time, the detection distance is limited by the isolation degree of the transmitter and receiver antennas, making continuous wave radar only suitable for close-range target detection, but not for long-range target detection. When phased array radar uses a continuous wave system, the radar antenna needs to be realized by two antennas with high isolation ratios, and a larger transmitter and receiver antenna isolation ratio can be achieved by increasing the distance between the transmitter and receiver antennas. The isolation ratio is related to the distance between the transmitter and receiver antennas. For every increase in the distance of one wavelength, the isolation ratio increases by 6dB. Affected by the spatial size, traditional continuous wave phased array radars have defects such as low transmitter and receiver isolation ratio, large size, heavy weight, complex system, poor maneuverability, and high cost, which limit the application of phased array technology in continuous wave radars. It also makes it difficult for continuous wave radars to play their unique advantages such as no distance blind spot, low peak power, difficult to be intercepted by the enemy, strong anti-active interference capability, no combined pulse to solve the cross-border signal jump when the distance blind spot is solved, and strong battlefield survivability. For example, a Chinese invention patent with authorization announcement number CN112332112B discloses a phased array antenna, which uses a separate transmit and receive antenna, that is, a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array. However, in order to meet the requirements of the transmit-receive isolation ratio, the distance between the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array is large, resulting in the phased array antenna having the defects of large size, heavy weight and poor maneuverability.

Quasi-continuous wave radars and high duty ratio pulse radars with the same characteristics generally adopt a pulse radar system with a shared antenna for transmission and reception. They resolve range blind spots, velocity ambiguity and distance ambiguity through combined pulses and multiple frequency differences. However, this type of antenna has low working efficiency, many outliers in range and velocity, and a large number of false alarms in resolution.

The military-civilian integration market needs to be able to provide large power to perform rapid search and discovery tasks for small targets such as drones, while at the same time concealing itself from being discovered by the opponent's electronic reconnaissance equipment, avoiding threats such as anti-radiation missiles, and improving the ability to perform missions. Continuous wave radars, quasi-continuous wave radars, and high duty ratio pulse radars have high average power and low peak power, and the LPI low probability of interception system whose transmitted signals are not easily detected by the opponent will be used in large quantities. The biggest contradiction is the contradiction between the transmit-receive isolation ratio and the spatial size. At the same time, although quasi-continuous wave radars and high duty ratio pulse radars can also be realized through a shared transmit-receive antenna, they must use a combined pulse to resolve the distance blind spot, and use at least three repetition frequencies to resolve speed ambiguity and distance ambiguity. The detection time of the three repetition frequencies is three times that of a single repetition frequency, the search and tracking data rate is low, the working procedure is complex, and it is not suitable for multi-target tracking. The use of a high isolation ratio transmit-receive split phased array antenna can solve the above problems. However, the high isolation ratio requires increasing the distance between the transmit-receive antennas, which brings new problems. The volume of the transmit-receive split antenna is doubled compared to a single antenna. Considering that the high isolation ratio requires increasing the distance between the transmit-receive split antennas, the size of the transmit-receive split phased array antenna will be larger, thus limiting the application of the transmit-receive split phased array antenna in continuous wave radar.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the technical problems of existing continuous wave radar antennas, such as large size, heavy weight, low isolation ratio and poor maneuverability, the present invention provides solutions in the following aspects.

In the first aspect, the present invention provides a one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, comprising: a substrate for carrying a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; a receiving antenna array, arranged on the substrate, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate; a horn-shaped metal tray, arranged on the substrate, and used to install the transmitting antenna array, the small-diameter end of which is fixed on the substrate, the large-diameter end of which is far away from the substrate, and the distance between the large-diameter end and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array face of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; the transmitting antenna array is arranged between the large-diameter end and the small-diameter end of the horn-shaped metal tray, each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate, and the distance between the array face and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array face of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; the ratio of the number of arrays of the transmitting antenna to the number of arrays of the receiving antenna is in the range of 1/64 to 1/8; the one-dimensional phased array antenna adopts a DBF wide-transmit and narrow-receive mode.

The beneficial effects are as follows: the continuous wave radar in the prior art requires two antennas for transmission and reception, and the isolation ratio is improved by increasing the spacing between the transmitting and receiving antennas. The isolation ratio is only improved by 6dB for each additional wavelength of spacing. If the continuous wave radar's transmit-receive isolation ratio is to be guaranteed to meet the requirements, the continuous wave radar will have the problems of large size and heavy weight, which limits the application of phased array technology in continuous wave radars. In addition, since the volume of the continuous wave radar has a certain upper limit, the transmit-receive isolation ratio of the continuous wave radar will not be too high. The one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive devices of the present invention uses a horn-shaped metal tray to install the transmit antenna, so that while the transmit antenna transmits electromagnetic waves into space, the side lobe signal is radiated toward the front under the reflection of the tray, and the metal tray with sealed sides and bottom prevents the transmit antenna from radiating energy toward the side and rear; by making the upper edge of the side of the metal tray and the top of the transmit antenna array higher than the top of the receive antenna array, the receive antenna array is located behind the transmit antenna array; by adopting the arrangement method of the transmit antenna and the receive antenna of the present invention, a smaller spacing is set between the receive antenna array and the transmit antenna array, so that the transmit-receive isolation ratio of the phased array antenna can be increased by 15-20dB, which greatly improves the transmit-receive isolation ratio of the phased array antenna; in addition, by adopting the DBF wide transmit and narrow receive mode, the size of the transmit antenna array can be greatly reduced.

As can be seen from the above, the use of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention can greatly improve the isolation ratio of the antenna with separate transmission and reception, and reduce the volume and weight of the antenna with separate transmission and reception; due to the reduction in volume and weight, its maneuverability is improved; and the application range of continuous wave phased array radar is expanded, making it not only suitable for short-range radars, but also for long-range detection radars, greatly reducing the radar radiation power at the same range, greatly reducing the radar intercepted power, and improving the radar battlefield survivability. In the case where the overall size is slightly larger than a single antenna, a continuous wave phased array antenna that is 2.5 times the size of a single antenna is usually required. In addition, the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention can improve the isolation ratio without increasing the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas, adding metal baffle walls and dielectric filter walls, thereby greatly reducing the antenna back lobe.

Preferably, the distance between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is greater than four times the radar wavelength and less than ten times the radar wavelength.

The beneficial effect is that by making the distance between the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array greater than four times the radar wavelength and less than ten times the radar wavelength, while ensuring that the phased array radar has a high transmit-receive isolation ratio, the total volume of the transmit-receive split antenna is only increased by about 10% compared with the volume of a single integrated transmit-receive antenna, and is nearly 100% smaller than the volume of a traditional transmit-receive split antenna.

Preferably, the difference between the distance between the large-aperture end and the substrate and the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna and the substrate is 30 mm.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a design method for a one-dimensional phased array antenna with bi-directional transmission and reception, comprising:

Determine the structural configuration of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, the structural configuration being the structure of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention;

Setting the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the element direction angle measurement accuracy of the phased array antenna, and the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna;

The array direction beam width and the array element direction beam width of the receiving antenna are set according to the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the array element direction angle measurement accuracy; the array element direction beam width and the array direction beam width of the transmitting antenna are set according to the array element direction angle measurement accuracy and the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna respectively;

The number of array elements of the transmitting antenna is determined according to the array directional beam width and the array element directional beam width of the transmitting antenna, the number of array elements of the receiving antenna is determined according to the array directional beam width and the array element directional beam width of the receiving antenna, and the sizes of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are set.

The beneficial effects are as follows: by adopting the design method of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention, when arranging the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, the transmitting antenna is installed by using a horn-shaped metal tray, so that the transmitting antenna transmits electromagnetic waves into space, and the side lobe signal is radiated toward the front under the reflection of the tray, and the metal tray with sealed sides and bottom prevents the transmitting antenna from radiating energy toward the side and rear; by making the upper edge of the side of the metal tray and the top of the transmitting antenna array higher than the top of the receiving antenna array, the receiving antenna array is located at the side and rear of the transmitting antenna array; by setting a small spacing between the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array, the transmit-receive isolation ratio of the phased array antenna can be increased by 15-20 dB, which greatly improves the transmit-receive isolation ratio of the phased array antenna; in addition, by adopting the DBF wide-transmit-narrow-receive mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced; therefore, by adopting the design method of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention to design the phased array antenna, the volume of the phased array antenna can be greatly reduced and the transmit-receive isolation ratio of the phased array antenna can be improved.

Preferably, the calculation expression of the array direction beam width of the receiving antenna is:

;

The calculation expression of the beam width in the element direction of the receiving antenna is:

;

In the above expressions, represents the angular measurement accuracy of the array direction, represents the angle measurement accuracy of the array element direction, represents the array directional beamwidth of the receiving antenna, Indicates the beamwidth of the receiving antenna in the direction of the element.

The beneficial effects are as follows: since the one-dimensional phase-scanned antenna scans in the array direction but does not scan in the array element direction, radar scanning is achieved through a servo motor, and the array direction beam width determines the angle measurement accuracy along the antenna array direction, and the array direction angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/50 of the beam width; one-dimensional phase scanning is generally combined with mechanical scanning, phase scanning single pulse angle measurement is adopted in the array direction, and mechanical scanning in the array element direction is a linear scanning angle measurement method, and the angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/10 of the beam width; therefore, when designing a one-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the array direction beam width of the receiving antenna to the array direction beam width calculated by the above expression, and setting the array element direction beam width of the receiving antenna to the array element direction beam width calculated by the above expression can ensure that the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the array element direction angle measurement accuracy of the designed one-dimensional phased array antenna meet expectations.

Preferably, determining the number of array elements of the receiving antenna includes:

Calculate the number of receiving antenna arrays, the calculation expression is:

;

Calculate the number of array elements of a single receiving antenna array. The calculation expression is:

;

The number of array elements of the receiving antenna is obtained by multiplying the number of arrays of the receiving antenna and the number of array elements of a single array of the receiving antenna;

In the above expressions, is the floor function, represents the number of receiving antenna arrays, Indicates the number of elements in a single array of receiving antennas.

Preferably, setting the size of the receiving antenna array includes:

determining a radar wavelength of the phased array antenna;

The array direction size of the receiving antenna is calculated according to the array number of the receiving antenna and the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna, and the element direction size of the receiving antenna is calculated according to the number of array elements of a single array of the receiving antenna and the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna. The calculation expression is:

;

;

In the formula, Indicates the directional size of the receiving antenna array, represents the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna, Indicates the element dimension of the receiving antenna.

Preferably, setting the beam width of the transmit antenna array includes:

The element direction beam width of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the element direction angle measurement accuracy; the array direction beam width of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna; and the calculation expression is:

;

;

In the above expressions, It represents the element-direction beamwidth of the transmitting antenna. represents the array directional beamwidth of the transmitting antenna, represents the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna, Indicates the angular measurement accuracy of the array element direction.

The beneficial effects are as follows: since one-dimensional phase scanning is generally combined with mechanical scanning, phase scanning single pulse angle measurement is adopted in the array direction, and mechanical scanning in the element direction is a linear scanning angle measurement method, and the angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/10 of the beam width; therefore, when designing a one-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the element direction beam width of the transmitting antenna to the element direction beam width calculated by the above expression can ensure that the element direction angle measurement accuracy of the designed one-dimensional phased array antenna meets expectations.

Preferably, determining the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna includes:

The number of array elements of a single array of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the array element directional beam width of the transmitting antenna; the number of arrays of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the array directional beam width of the transmitting antenna; and then the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna is calculated; the calculation expression is:

;

;

;

In the above formula, is the floor function, represents the number of array elements of a single array of transmitting antennas, represents the array number of the transmitting antenna, Indicates the number of elements of the transmitting antenna.

Preferably, setting the size of the transmit antenna array includes:

determining a radar wavelength of the phased array antenna;

The array direction size of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna and the array number of the transmitting antenna, and the calculation expression is:

;

In the formula, represents the directional size of the transmitting antenna array, represents the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna;

The size of the array element direction of the transmitting antenna is the same as the size of the array element direction of the receiving antenna.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein:

FIG1 is a front view schematically showing a one-dimensional phased array antenna with bi-location of transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2 is a side view schematically showing a one-dimensional phased array antenna with bi-location of transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3 is a three-dimensional structural diagram schematically showing a one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a waveguide slot array with 64 array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG5 is a flow chart schematically showing a method for designing a one-dimensional phased array antenna with bi-directional transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating an array direction and an array element direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment of a one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception locations:

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention includes: a substrate 1, used to carry a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; a receiving antenna array 2, arranged on the substrate, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate; a horn-shaped metal tray 3, arranged on the substrate, and used to install the transmitting antenna array, the small-diameter end of which is fixed on the substrate, the large-diameter end of which is far away from the substrate, and the distance between the large-diameter end and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; a transmitting antenna array 4, arranged between the large-diameter end and the small-diameter end of the horn-shaped metal tray, each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate, and the distance between the array surface of the transmitting antenna array and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; the ratio of the number of arrays of the transmitting antenna to the number of arrays of the receiving antenna is in a range of 1/64 to 1/8; the one-dimensional phased array antenna adopts a DBF wide-transmitting and narrow-receiving mode; and the array is a linear array.

The use of DBF wide transmit and narrow receive mode can significantly reduce the number of transmitting array elements to 1 to 8, and reduce the size of the transmitting antenna to 1% to 10% of the original size.

The trumpet-shaped metal tray is in the shape of a shape surrounded by four side surfaces of a quadrangular pyramid and a bottom surface with a smaller area of the quadrangular pyramid; the bottom surface with a smaller area is the small-diameter end.

In order to ensure that the volume of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception is not too large, the difference between the distance between the large-aperture end and the substrate and the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna and the substrate cannot be too large; in this embodiment, the difference between the distance between the large-aperture end and the substrate and the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna and the substrate is 30 mm.

Phased array antenna configurations include one-dimensional phase-scanned antennas or one-dimensional phase-frequency-scanned antennas. The one-dimensional phase-controlled array antenna in this embodiment can be a one-dimensional phase-scanned antenna or a one-dimensional phase-frequency-scanned antenna. One-dimensional phase-scanned or one-dimensional phase-frequency-scanned receiving antennas have the same structural configuration and are composed of a number of arrays. One array can be a waveguide slot array or a microstrip radiation array. One-dimensional phase scanning is phase-scanned in the array direction, but not in the array element direction. Radar scanning is achieved through a servo motor; one-dimensional phase-frequency scanning is usually a waveguide slot array, which is phase-scanned in the array direction. After the array element spacing is fixed in the array element direction, changing the frequency can change the phase difference between the array elements to achieve beam frequency scanning. However, the scanning range is small, but it can achieve two-dimensional electronic scanning single pulse angle measurement, and thus achieve a two-dimensional electronic scanning three-coordinate radar system. The beam width in the array direction determines the angle measurement accuracy along the antenna array direction. One-dimensional phase scanning is generally combined with mechanical scanning. Phase scanning single pulse angle measurement is used in the array direction, and the angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/50 of the beam width. The mechanical scanning angle measurement in the array element direction is a linear scanning angle measurement method, and the angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/10 of the beam width.

The 64-array waveguide slot array is shown in Figure 4. It is composed of 64 slot waveguides, which receive radar echo signals and form multiple beams through array directional sub-array DBF weighting. 8 waveguides form 1 sub-array, and the beam width covered by the superposition of 64 waveguides and a total of 8 sub-arrays is 12.5°, which is the same as the beam width of the 8-array transmitting antenna. Under the control of the wave control board, the transmission and reception are scanned synchronously, covering 0~120° in azimuth, realizing one-dimensional phase scanning. The frequency can also be changed while changing the phase, realizing 0~120° scanning in azimuth and 0~13° frequency scanning in elevation, realizing two-dimensional electronic scanning three-coordinate continuous wave radar.

Increasing the ratio of the number of receiving antenna arrays to the number of transmitting antenna arrays can significantly reduce the size of the transmitting antenna.

The number of transmitting antenna arrays n corresponds to the number of receiving antenna arrays of a single subarray. The receiving antenna uses N subarray DBF digital beams, which maintain the same beam width as the transmitting beam. The calculation expression for the number of subarrays N of the receiving antenna array is: .

For example, due to the limitation of the amount of DBF data and the amount of calculation of the receiving antenna, the number of DBF channels is usually less than 128, and the minimum number of DBF subarrays is not less than 8, otherwise the DBF quality will be affected. Therefore, for arrays below 128, the receiving antenna array may not adopt the subarray method, and the maximum ratio of the number of receiving antennas to the number of transmitting antenna arrays can be set to 128:1, and the receiving 128 array full array DBF; in order to reduce costs, the receiving antenna array can adopt the 4-array subarray method, that is, 128:4, with 4 transmitting arrays and a total of 32 subarrays for the receiving 128 array; the receiving antenna array can also adopt the 8-array subarray method, that is, 128:8, with 8 transmitting arrays and a total of 16 subarrays for the receiving 128 array; the 16-array subarray method can be adopted, that is, 128:16, with 16 single subarrays for the receiving array and a total of 8 subarrays for the receiving 128 array. Most antennas for receiving 64 arrays use full-array DBF and transmit 1 array. When it is necessary to reduce costs, a 4-array subarray method can be used, that is, 64:4. The receiving array has 4 subarrays, and the receiving 64 array has a total of 16 subarrays. An 8-array subarray method can be used, that is, 64:8. The receiving array has 8 subarrays, and the receiving 64 array has a total of 8 subarrays. Most antennas for receiving 48 arrays use full-array DBF and transmit 1 array. When it is necessary to reduce costs, a 4-array subarray method can be used, that is, 48:4. The transmitting array has 4 subarrays, and the receiving 48 array has a total of 12 subarrays. Most antennas for receiving 32 arrays use full-array DBF and transmit 1 array. When it is necessary to reduce costs, a 4-array subarray method can be used, that is, 32:4. The transmitting array has 4 subarrays, and the receiving 32 array has a total of 8 subarrays. Antennas for receiving less than 32 arrays use full-array DBF, that is, transmitting 1 array.

By making the ratio of the number of transmitting antenna arrays to the number of receiving antenna arrays range from 1/64 to 1/8 and using the DBF wide-transmit-narrow-receive mode for the phased array antenna, the size of the transmitting antenna can be greatly reduced, and the receiving antenna can be guaranteed to be large enough. Since the receiving antenna is large in size, the number of corresponding R components is large, the receiving power consumption is small, and simple conduction cooling is sufficient, without the need for additional cooling equipment and volume and weight, reducing the difficulty of active phased array antenna design.

Since the number of transmitting antenna arrays is small, the corresponding high-power transmitting devices are relatively concentrated, and the gallium nitride devices have high working efficiency and high power tolerance, which can reach 250°C; therefore, in this embodiment, the power tubes of the transmitting antenna array need to use gallium nitride devices. In order to make the overall volume and weight of the high-power transmitting and receiving phased array antenna better than the volume and weight of the pulse radar, in this embodiment, the heat dissipation of the transmitting antenna array is local forced air cooling.

The continuous wave radar in the prior art needs two antennas for transmission and reception, and the isolation ratio is improved by increasing the spacing between the transmitting and receiving antennas. For each increase in the spacing of one wavelength, the isolation ratio is only improved by 6dB. If the continuous wave radar's transmission and reception isolation ratio is to be guaranteed to meet the requirements, the continuous wave radar will have the problems of large size and heavy weight, which limits the application of the transmission and reception separated phased array technology in the continuous wave radar. The transmission and reception separated one-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention uses a horn-shaped metal tray to install the transmitting antenna, so that when the transmitting antenna transmits electromagnetic waves into space, the side lobe signal is reflected by the tray and radiates to the front. The metal tray with sealed sides and bottom prevents the transmitting antenna from radiating energy to the side and rear; by making the upper edge of the side of the metal tray and the top of the transmitting antenna array higher than the top of the receiving antenna array, the receiving antenna array is located to the side and rear of the transmitting antenna array (i.e., the back lobe area); the arrangement method of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of the present invention is adopted, and a smaller spacing is set between the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array, i.e. The transmit-receive isolation ratio of the phased array antenna can be increased by 15-20 dB; in addition, by adopting the DBF wide transmit and narrow receive mode, the size of the transmitting antenna array can be greatly reduced; therefore, the use of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive of the present invention can greatly improve the isolation ratio of the separate transmit and receive phased array antenna, and reduce the volume of the separate transmit and receive phased array antenna; due to the reduction in volume and weight, its maneuverability is improved; the application range of continuous wave phased array radar is expanded, making it not only suitable for short-range radars, but also for long-range detection radars, greatly reducing the radar radiation power at the same range, greatly reducing the radar intercepted power, and improving the radar battlefield survivability. In the case where the overall size is slightly larger than that of a single antenna, a continuous wave phased array antenna that is usually 2.5 times the size of a single antenna is realized. In addition, the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmit and receive of the present invention can improve the isolation ratio without increasing the distance between the transmit and receive antennas, adding metal baffle walls and dielectric filter walls, thereby greatly reducing the antenna backlobe.

In one embodiment, the distance between the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array is greater than four times the radar wavelength and less than ten times the radar wavelength.

By making the distance between the receiving antenna array and the transmitting antenna array greater than four times the radar wavelength and less than ten times the radar wavelength, while ensuring that the phased array radar has a high transmit-receive isolation ratio, the total volume of the transmit-receive split antenna is only increased by about 10% compared with the volume of a single integrated transmit-receive antenna, and is nearly 100% smaller than the volume of a traditional transmit-receive split antenna.

Embodiment of the design method of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception:

As shown in FIG5 , the design method of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception of the present invention includes:

S101, determining the structural configuration of the antenna, specifically: determining the structural configuration of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, wherein the structural configuration is the structure of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception recorded in the above one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception embodiment;

A single transmit array can correspond to the receive full-array DBF digital beamforming, and the receive beam can maintain the same beam width as the transmit beam through the full-array DBF multi-beam, thereby maximizing the use of transmit energy.

S102, setting the array direction angle measurement accuracy, the array element direction angle measurement accuracy and the number of channels of a single subarray, specifically: setting the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the array element direction angle measurement accuracy of the phased array antenna, and the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna.

A single subarray of the receiving antenna is composed of several arrays, and one array is one channel.

As shown in FIG6 , 5 is an array, 6 is an array element, the direction indicated by arrow 7 is the array direction, and the direction indicated by arrow 8 is the array element direction.

S103, setting the beam widths of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, specifically: setting the array direction beam width and the element direction beam width of the receiving antenna according to the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the array element direction angle measurement accuracy, and setting the element direction beam width and the array direction beam width of the transmitting antenna according to the array element direction angle measurement accuracy and the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna.

S104, setting the number and size of array elements of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, specifically: determining the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna according to the array directional beam width and the array element directional beam width of the transmitting antenna, determining the number of array elements of the receiving antenna according to the array directional beam width and the array element directional beam width of the receiving antenna, and setting the sizes of the transmitting antenna array and the receiving antenna array.

The receiving antenna is used for radar measurement, and the number of receiving antenna array elements depends on the angle measurement accuracy and angle resolution.

In one embodiment, the calculation expression of the array direction beam width of the receiving antenna is:

;

The calculation expression of the beam width in the element direction of the receiving antenna is:

;

In the above expressions, represents the angular measurement accuracy of the array direction, represents the angle measurement accuracy of the array element direction, represents the array directional beamwidth of the receiving antenna, Indicates the beamwidth of the receiving antenna in the direction of the element.

Since the one-dimensional phase-scanned antenna scans in the array direction but not in the element direction, radar scanning is achieved through a servo motor. The array direction beam width determines the angle measurement accuracy along the antenna array direction. The array direction angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/50 of the beam width, and phase-scanned single pulse angle measurement is adopted in the element direction. One-dimensional phase scanning is generally combined with mechanical scanning, and phase-scanned single pulse angle measurement is adopted in the array direction. Mechanical scanning in the element direction is a linear scanning angle measurement method, and the angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/10 of the beam width. Therefore, when designing a one-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the array direction beam width of the receiving antenna to the array direction beam width calculated by the above expression, and setting the element direction beam width of the receiving antenna to the element direction beam width calculated by the above expression can ensure that the array direction angle measurement accuracy and element direction angle measurement accuracy of the designed one-dimensional phased array antenna meet expectations.

One-dimensional phase-frequency scanning is usually a waveguide slit array, which phase scans in the array direction. After the array element spacing is fixed in the array element direction, the electrical length between the array elements is related to the frequency. Changing the frequency can change the phase difference between the array elements to achieve beam scanning, but the scanning range is small. However, it can realize two-dimensional electronic scanning single pulse angle measurement, and thus realize a two-dimensional electronic scanning three-coordinate radar system.

In one embodiment, determining the number of array elements of the receiving antenna includes:

According to the array direction beam width Calculate the number of receiving antennas in the array , according to the beam width of the array element direction Calculate the number of elements in a single array of receive antennas , and then according to the number of receiving antenna arrays and the number of elements in a single array of receiving antennas Calculate the number of elements of the receiving antenna , its calculation expression is:

In the above expressions, is the floor function.

In one embodiment, setting the size of the receive antenna array includes:

Determine the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna ;

According to the number of receiving antenna arrays and radar wavelength of phased array antennas Calculate the array direction size of the receiving antenna , its calculation expression is:

.

According to the number of elements in a single array of receiving antennas and radar wavelength of phased array antennas Calculate the element directional dimensions of the receiving antenna , its calculation expression is:

.

In one embodiment, the method further includes: calculating the gain of the receiving antenna, wherein the calculation expression is:

In the formula, is the receiving antenna gain, unit: dB; is the array direction beam width, unit: degree; is the beam width in the direction of the array element, unit: degree.

In one embodiment, setting the beam width of the transmit antenna array includes:

The element direction beam width of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the element direction angle measurement accuracy; the array direction beam width of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna; and the calculation expression is:

In the above expressions, It represents the element-direction beamwidth of the transmitting antenna. represents the array directional beamwidth of the transmitting antenna, represents the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna, Indicates the angular measurement accuracy of the array element direction.

Since one-dimensional phase scanning is generally combined with mechanical scanning, phase scanning single pulse angle measurement is adopted in the array direction, and mechanical scanning in the element direction is a linear scanning angle measurement method, and the angle measurement accuracy is approximately 1/10 of the beam width; therefore, when designing a one-dimensional phased array antenna, setting the element direction beam width of the transmitting antenna to the element direction beam width calculated by the above expression can ensure that the element direction angle measurement accuracy of the designed one-dimensional phased array antenna meets expectations.

In one embodiment, determining the number of array elements of the transmit antenna array includes:

The number of array elements of a single array of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the array element directional beam width of the transmitting antenna; the number of arrays of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the array directional beam width of the transmitting antenna; and then the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna is calculated; the calculation expression is:

In the above formula, is the floor function, represents the number of array elements of a single array of transmitting antennas, represents the array number of the transmitting antenna, Indicates the number of elements of the transmitting antenna.

In one embodiment, setting the size of the transmit antenna array includes:

Determine the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna ;

The array direction size of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna and the array number of the transmitting antenna, and the calculation expression is:

In the formula, represents the array directional size of the transmitting antenna, represents the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna;

The size of the array element direction of the transmitting antenna is the same as the size of the array element direction of the receiving antenna.

In one embodiment, the method further includes: calculating the gain of the transmitting antenna, wherein the calculation expression is:

In the formula, is the transmitting antenna gain, unit: dB; is the array direction beam width, unit: degree; is the beam width in the direction of the array element, unit: degree.

In the description of this specification, "plurality" or "several" means at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

Although this specification has shown and described a number of embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Those skilled in the art will conceive of many modifications, changes and alternatives without departing from the ideas and spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that in the practice of the present invention, various alternatives to the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be employed.

Claims (9)

1. A one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, characterized in that it comprises: A substrate, used for carrying a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; A receiving antenna array is arranged on the substrate, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate; A trumpet-shaped metal tray is arranged on the substrate and used to install the transmitting antenna array, wherein the small-diameter end of the tray is fixed on the substrate, the large-diameter end of the tray is far away from the substrate, and the distance between the large-diameter end and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; A transmitting antenna array is arranged between the large-diameter end and the small-diameter end of the horn-shaped metal tray, each array element of which is perpendicular to the substrate, and the distance between the array surface and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array surface and the substrate of the receiving antenna array; The ratio of the number of the transmitting antenna array to the number of the receiving antenna array is in the range of 1/64 to 1/8; the one-dimensional phased array antenna adopts a DBF wide-transmit-narrow-receive mode; The design method of the transmitting and receiving bi-located one-dimensional phased array antenna comprises: setting the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the array element direction angle measurement accuracy of the phased array antenna, and the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna; setting the array direction beam width and the array element direction beam width of the receiving antenna according to the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the array element direction angle measurement accuracy, and setting the array element direction beam width and the array direction beam width of the transmitting antenna according to the array element direction angle measurement accuracy and the number of channels of the single subarray of the receiving antenna respectively; determining the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna according to the array direction beam width and the array element direction beam width of the transmitting antenna, determining the number of array elements of the receiving antenna according to the array direction beam width and the array element direction beam width of the receiving antenna, and setting the sizes of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; The calculation expression of the array direction beam width of the receiving antenna is: ; The calculation expression of the beam width in the element direction of the receiving antenna is: ; In the above expressions, represents the angular measurement accuracy of the array direction, represents the angle measurement accuracy of the array element direction, represents the array directional beamwidth of the receiving antenna, Indicates the beamwidth of the receiving antenna in the direction of the element. 2. The one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the distance between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is greater than four times the radar wavelength and less than ten times the radar wavelength. 3. The one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the difference between the distance between the large-aperture end and the substrate and the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna and the substrate is 30 mm. 4. A design method for a one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception locations, comprising: Determine the structural configuration of the one-dimensional phased array antenna with separate transmission and reception, the structural configuration comprising: a substrate for carrying a receiving antenna array and a transmitting antenna array; a receiving antenna array, which is arranged on the substrate, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate; a horn-shaped metal tray, which is arranged on the substrate and is used to install the transmitting antenna array, and its small-diameter end is fixed on the substrate, and its large-diameter end is far away from the substrate, and the distance between the large-diameter end and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; the transmitting antenna array is arranged between the large-diameter end and the small-diameter end of the horn-shaped metal tray, and each array element thereof is perpendicular to the substrate, and the distance between the array surface and the substrate is greater than the distance between the array surface of the receiving antenna array and the substrate; the ratio of the number of arrays of the transmitting antenna to the number of arrays of the receiving antenna is in a range of 1/64 to 1/8; the one-dimensional phased array antenna adopts a DBF wide-transmitting and narrow-receiving mode; Setting the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the element direction angle measurement accuracy of the phased array antenna, and the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna; The array direction beam width and the array element direction beam width of the receiving antenna are set according to the array direction angle measurement accuracy and the array element direction angle measurement accuracy, and the array element direction beam width and the array direction beam width of the transmitting antenna are set according to the array element direction angle measurement accuracy and the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna; Determine the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna according to the array directional beam width and the array element directional beam width of the transmitting antenna, determine the number of array elements of the receiving antenna according to the array directional beam width and the array element directional beam width of the receiving antenna, and set the sizes of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; The calculation expression of the array direction beam width of the receiving antenna is: ; The calculation expression of the beam width in the element direction of the receiving antenna is: ; In the above expressions, represents the angular measurement accuracy of the array direction, represents the angle measurement accuracy of the array element direction, represents the array directional beamwidth of the receiving antenna, Indicates the beamwidth of the receiving antenna in the direction of the element. 5. The design method of the bi-directional one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 4, wherein determining the number of array elements of the receiving antenna comprises: Calculate the number of receiving antenna arrays, the calculation expression is: ; Calculate the number of array elements of a single receiving antenna array. The calculation expression is: ; The number of array elements of the receiving antenna is obtained by multiplying the number of arrays of the receiving antenna and the number of array elements of a single array of the receiving antenna; In the above expressions, is the floor function, represents the number of receiving antenna arrays, Indicates the number of individual elements in the receiving antenna. 6. The design method of the bi-directional one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 5, wherein setting the size of the receiving antenna array comprises: determining a radar wavelength of the phased array antenna; The array direction size of the receiving antenna is calculated according to the array number of the receiving antenna and the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna, and the element direction size of the receiving antenna is calculated according to the number of array elements of a single array of the receiving antenna and the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna. The calculation expression is: ; ; In the above expressions, Indicates the directional size of the receiving antenna array, represents the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna, Indicates the element dimension of the receiving antenna. 7. The method for designing a bi-directional one-dimensional phased array antenna according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein setting the beam width of the transmitting antenna array comprises: The element direction beam width of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the element direction angle measurement accuracy; the array direction beam width of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna; and the calculation expression is: ; ; In the above expressions, It represents the element-direction beamwidth of the transmitting antenna. represents the array directional beamwidth of the transmitting antenna, represents the number of channels of a single subarray of the receiving antenna, Indicates the angular measurement accuracy of the array element direction. 8. The design method of the transmitting-receiving bi-located one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 7 is characterized in that determining the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna comprises: calculating the number of array elements of a single array of the transmitting antenna according to the array element directional beam width of the transmitting antenna; calculating the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna according to the array directional beam width of the transmitting antenna; and then calculating the number of array elements of the transmitting antenna; the calculation expression is: ; ; ; In the above formula, is the floor function, represents the number of array elements of a single array of transmitting antennas, represents the array number of the transmitting antenna, Indicates the number of elements of the transmitting antenna. 9. The design method of the bi-located one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 8, wherein setting the size of the transmitting antenna array comprises: determining a radar wavelength of the phased array antenna; The array direction size of the transmitting antenna is calculated according to the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna and the array number of the transmitting antenna, and the calculation expression is: ; In the formula, represents the array directional size of the transmitting antenna, represents the radar wavelength of the phased array antenna; The size of the array element direction of the transmitting antenna is the same as the size of the array element direction of the receiving antenna.